Course Title

Introduction to Finite Element Analysis

BME-474 (Credit Hrs. = 2 + 1)

Course Instructor
Engr. Zeeshan Anjum
Lecturer, MED
MUST Mirpur Azad Kashmir

Class
Mechanical Engineering, 2k19

Lecture # 02 Matrix: An introduction

 Overview
2

1. Engineering Problems
2. Matrix: An Introduction
3. Types of Matrices
4. Basic Matrix Operations

Prepared By: Engr. Zeeshan Anjum, Lecturer MED, MUST Mirpur Azad Kashmir
 1. Engineering Problems
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 Mathematical models of physical situations.

 Mathematical models are differential equations

with set of boundary or initial conditions.

 Differential equations are obtained by applying

fundamental laws and principles of nature to a
system or control volume.

Prepared By: Engr. Zeeshan Anjum, Lecturer MED, MUST Mirpur Azad Kashmir
 Sets of design parameters influencing
behavior of a system
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Regarding natural Create disturbance in

behavior of the system the system
 Material and geometric  External force,
properties: moment, temperature
Modulus of elasticity, difference, heat,
thermal conductivity, pressure, voltage etc.
viscosity, area, second
moment of area etc…

Prepared By: Engr. Zeeshan Anjum, Lecturer MED, MUST Mirpur Azad Kashmir
 2. Matrix: An Introduction
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 A rectangular array of numbers (real numbers).

 A “n x m” matrix has „n‟ rows and „m‟ columns

M11 M12 M13 M14  1st row

M 3x4 
 M 21 M 22 M 23 
M 24  2nd row

M31 M32 M33 M34  3rd row

Order 1st 2nd 3rd 4th

of the
Matrix
column column column column
Prepared By: Engr. Zeeshan Anjum, Lecturer MED, MUST Mirpur Azad Kashmir
 3. Types of Matrices
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Prepared By: Engr. Zeeshan Anjum, Lecturer MED, MUST Mirpur Azad Kashmir
 • Square matrix:

(has equal number of rows

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and columns)

• Equal matrices:
Two matrices “A” and “B” of same size are said to be equal if
each entry of matrix A equals to corresponding entry of matrix
B.
 1 2 4 a b c 
  
A   3 0 7  B  d e f  
 9 1 5   g h i 
a  1, b  2, c  4,
A  B  d  3, e  0, f  7,
7
g  9, h  1, i  5.
 • Identity Matrix
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8 Prepared By: Engr. Zeeshan Anjum, Lecturer MED, MUST Mirpur Azad Kashmir
 4. Matrix Operations
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a) Addition of Matrices
b) Subtraction of Matrices

Addition and subtraction of any two matrices, say [A]

and [B] is possible only if both matrices have the same
order and corresponding elements of these matrices
are added or subtracted with each other.

Prepared By: Engr. Zeeshan Anjum, Lecturer MED, MUST Mirpur Azad Kashmir
 c) Multiplication of Matrices
Multiplication of two matrices say [A] and [B] is possible
10 only if number of columns of first matrix is equal to the
number of rows of second matrix.

1 2 4  1 3
A 3x3   3 0 7  B3x2   3 1 
 9 1 5   1 0 
 3  1
T
5   1
C 3x2  AB   10 9  notice  2   3    3
 
 7 28   4   1 

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Prepared By: Engr. Zeeshan Anjum, Lecturer MED, MUST Mirpur Azad Kashmir
 d) Transpose of a Matrix

Let [A] be the matrix of order n x m, then a matrix

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obtained by changing its order to m x n is called Transpose
of matrix A i.e. AT

 1 2 4 1 3 9
A    3 0 7   AT   2 0 1 
 9 1 5   4 7 5 

Symmetric matrix: If AT = A

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Prepared By: Engr. Zeeshan Anjum, Lecturer MED, MUST Mirpur Azad Kashmir
 e) Adjoint of a Matrix

• For a 2x2 matrix, let

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• For a 3x3 matrix, let

Cofactor matrix,

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Prepared By: Engr. Zeeshan Anjum, Lecturer MED, MUST Mirpur Azad Kashmir
 f) Determinant of a Matrix

The determinant of a square matrix is a number obtained

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in a specific manner from the matrix.

A matrix is said to be singular if its determinant is zero

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Prepared By: Engr. Zeeshan Anjum, Lecturer MED, MUST Mirpur Azad Kashmir
 f) Inverse of a Matrix

Inverse of a matrix say [A] is possible if it is a square

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matrix and its determinant is not equal to zero.

• Inverse of a matrix = Adjoint of [A]

det [A]

If [A]

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Prepared By: Engr. Zeeshan Anjum, Lecturer MED, MUST Mirpur Azad Kashmir
 Thank you!
For any query contact me at:

zeeshan.me@must.edu.pk