Course Title

Introduction to Finite Element Analysis

BME-474 (Credit Hrs. = 2+ 1)

Course Instructor
Engr. Zeeshan Anjum
Lecturer, MED
MUST Mirpur Azad Kashmir

Class
Mechanical Engineering, 2k19

Lecture # 04 Direct formulation: Example 1.2

 Overview
2

1. Direct Formulation: Example 1.2

A typical exterior frame wall (made up of 2 x 4 studs) of a
house contains the materials shown in the table. Assume an
inside room temperature of 70°F and an outside air
temperature of 20°F, with an exposed area of 150 ft2.

Determine the temperature distribution through the wall.

Prepared By: Engr. Zeeshan Anjum, Lecturer MED, MUST Mirpur Azad Kashmir
3 Prepared By: Engr. Zeeshan Anjum, Lecturer MED, MUST Mirpur Azad Kashmir
 Preprocessing Phase
1. Discretize the solution domain into finite elements.

Heat Transfer Modes:

• Conduction in element 2, 3, 4 & 5
• Convection in element 1 and 6

4 Prepared By: Engr. Zeeshan Anjum, Lecturer MED, MUST Mirpur Azad Kashmir
 2. Assume a solution that approximates the behavior of an
element.
T
Fourier’s Law for conduction: q X  kA
X

“qx” is the X-component of the heat

transfer rate,
“k” is the thermal conductivity of the
medium,
“A” is the area, and
T
X is the temperature gradient.

5 Prepared By: Engr. Zeeshan Anjum, Lecturer MED, MUST Mirpur Azad Kashmir
 kA(Ti 1  Ti ) (For elements 2, 3, 4
q and 5)

The U-factor represents thermal transmission through a unit
k
area and has the units of Btu/hr  ft  F (U  ).
2

q  UA(Ti 1  Ti )

3. Develop equations for an element.

kA
qi  (Ti  Ti 1 )

kA
qi 1  (Ti 1  Ti )

 qi  kA  1  1  Ti 
     
qi 1    1 1  Ti 1 
6 Prepared By: Engr. Zeeshan Anjum, Lecturer MED, MUST Mirpur Azad Kashmir
 The thermal conductance matrix for an element is

kA  1  1
K 
(e)

  1 1 

 1  1
K 
(e)
 UA 
  1 1 

For convection heat transfer in elements 1 and 6,

according to Newton’s Law of cooling:
q  hA(Ti 1  Ti )
Where, h = convective heat transfer coeffiecient
We will replace “h” by “U”

7 Prepared By: Engr. Zeeshan Anjum, Lecturer MED, MUST Mirpur Azad Kashmir
 4. Assemble the elements to present the entire problems.
 U1  U1 
K (1)
 A
Here U=h i.e. case convective
 U1 U1  heat transfer in element # 1

 U1  U1 0 0 0 0 0 T1
 U 0 T2
 1 U1 0 0 0 0
 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 T3
 
K  (1G )
 A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 T4
 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 T5
 
 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 T6
 0 0 T7
 0 0 0 0 0

8 Prepared By: Engr. Zeeshan Anjum, Lecturer MED, MUST Mirpur Azad Kashmir
For Element # 2:
U2  Here U=(k/l) i.e. case
 U2
K ( 2)  A
U 2 
conduction heat transfer in
 U 2 element # 2

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 T1
0 U U2 0 0 0 0 T2
 2

0  U 2 U2 0 0 0 0 T3
 
K ( 2G )  A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 T4
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 T5
 
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 T6
0 0 T7
 0 0 0 0 0

9 Prepared By: Engr. Zeeshan Anjum, Lecturer MED, MUST Mirpur Azad Kashmir
 Similarly by adding global conductance matrix of each
element we get:

K (G )  K (1G )  K ( 2G )  K (3G )  K ( 4G )  K (5G )  K (6G )

 U1  U1 0 0 0 0 0 
 U U  U U2 0 0 0 0 
 1 1 2

 0 U2 U2 U3 U3 0 0 0 

 
K (G )  A 0 0 U3 U3  U 4 U4 0 0 
 0 0 0 U4 U 4  U5 U5 0 
 
 0 0 0 0 U5 U5 U6 U6 
 0 U6 U 6 
 0 0 0 0

10 Prepared By: Engr. Zeeshan Anjum, Lecturer MED, MUST Mirpur Azad Kashmir
 5. Apply boundary conditions and thermal loads.

T1  20 F 
T7  70  F

1 0 0 0 0 0 0  T1  20 F
 A 
  U 1 U1  U 2  U2 0 0 0 0  T2   0 
 
 0  U2 U2  U3  U3 0 0 0  T3   0 
    
A 0 0  U3 U3  U4  U4 0 0  T4    0 
 0 0 0  U4 U 4  U5  U5 0  T5   0 
    
 0 0 0 0  U5 U5  U6  U 6  T6   0 
 0 1  T  70 F 
A  7   
0 0 0 0 0


11 Prepared By: Engr. Zeeshan Anjum, Lecturer MED, MUST Mirpur Azad Kashmir
 After applying the boundary conditions, we get

U1  U 2 U2 0 0 0  T2  U1 AT1 

 U U2  U3 U3 0 0  T3   0 
 2
   
A 0 U3 U3  U4 U4 0  T4    0 
 
 0 0 U4 U4  U5  U 5  T5   0 
   
 0 0 0 U5 U 5  U 6  T6  U 6 AT7 

[conductance matrix]{temperature matrix}={heat flow matrix}

KT q

12 Prepared By: Engr. Zeeshan Anjum, Lecturer MED, MUST Mirpur Azad Kashmir
Solution Phase
Solve a system of algebraic equations simultaneously using the
given data to find unknown nodal temperatures at nodes 2, 3, 4,
5 and 6.

13 Prepared By: Engr. Zeeshan Anjum, Lecturer MED, MUST Mirpur Azad Kashmir
 Simplifying the reduced form, we get

Solving this
we get nodal
temperatures:

14
Prepared By: Engr. Zeeshan Anjum, Lecturer MED, MUST Mirpur Azad Kashmir
Post Processing Phase
Heat transfer through each element can be found by:

• We have assumed steady state conditions, the heat loss

through the wall should be equal to the heat transfer
through each element.

Using the given data and nodal temperatures we get:

15 Prepared By: Engr. Zeeshan Anjum, Lecturer MED, MUST Mirpur Azad Kashmir
 Thank you!
For any query contact me at:

zeeshan.me@must.edu.pk