1

ieuqfj,a t*a' î' fuda^¾&ia f.a fuda^¾&ia ix{d l%uh mqfrda.dó úh'
/yeka rys;j ix{d heùfï mqfrda.dñhd f,i .=.a,s t,afuda ud¾fldaks i,lk w;r
Tyq .=jkaúÿ,s Ys,m
a fha wdrïNlhd
f,io i,lkq ,nhs'
uq,a hq.fhaoS jE,aj

iys; f¾äfhda ;dËKhla Ndú; jQ

w;r tajd yeisrùu uola lrorldß
úYd, hka;% úh'
miqj jE,aj fjkqjg 1970oS muK isg
g%dkaii
a siag¾ fhdod .ekSu ksid myiq ñ,lh ñ,oS .; yels m%udKfhka l=vd .=jkaúÿ,s
hka;% ksmofjkakg úh'

Transistor
Vacum Tube/Valve

ì%;dkH hg;a úð; iufha wdrïN jQ w;r ol=Kq wdishdfõ yd

ì%;dkH hg;a úð;hl msyg
s jQ m%:u .=jka úÿ,s fiajh fjhs'
ì%;dkH úÿ,s ixfoaY bxðfkare tâjâ ydm¾ uy;d furg .=jka
úÿ,s b;sydifha ks¾ud¾;D fõ'
Tyq msyg
s jQ ,xld jh¾,ia iudch ^,xld wdOqksl .=jka úÿ,s
ix.uh& Bg mqfrda.dó úh'
 2

1924 cQks 24 osk ,xldfõ .=jkaúÿ,sh ks, jYfhka wdrïN õh'

tx.,ka;fhka ,enQ kj WmlrK iu`. 1925 foieïn¾ 16 jk od Y%Su;a yshq la,s*â
uy;d úiska kj .=jka úÿ,s fiajh wdrïN lrkq ,eîh'

 1926 - foaYh
S Ys,m
a k
S a úiska jevigyka bosßm;a lsÍu'
 1927 - flá kdgH" l%v
S d jevigyka" isxy, iÔj ix.S; jevigyka wdrïN ùu'
 1930 - kj iïfm%aIKd.drhla msyg
s qùu'
 1946 - kùk .=jkaúÿ,s uOHia:dkhla fgdßkagka p;=ri%fha wdrïN ùu
 1949 - Tlaf;dan¾ 5 .=jkaúÿ,s fiajdj i|yd fjku rdcH
fomd¾;fïka;j
= la wdrïN jQ w;r tys m%:u wOHË jQ fcdak tka ,eïmaika uy;dh'
 1950 - oYlh wdrïNfhaoS isxy," fou<" bx.%Sis NdId ;%s;;
a ajfhka
jevigyka m%pdrh úh'
 1950 - fj<| oekaùï m%pdrhg fj<|fiajh wdrN õh
 1972 - ,xld .=jka úÿ,s ixia:dj —Y%S ,xld .=jka úÿ,s
ixia:dj˜ njg m;aúh
 m<uq isxy, ksfõolhd ä'tï' fld<Uf.a
uy;dh' ˜fld<ôka l;d lrñ'˜ Tyq úiska
bosrsm;a lrk ,o ckm%shu jevigykls'

 1979 wfm%a,a 12 - rcrg fiajh

 1980 fmnrjdß 03 - reyqKq fiajh D.M. Colambage

 1981 Tlaf;dan¾ 01 - uyje,s m%cd .=jka úÿ,sh

 1983 wfm%a,a 13 - uykqjr fiajh
 1986 wfm%a,a 11 - .srd`ÿrefldaÜfÜ m%cd .=jka úÿ,sh
 1980 oYlh - isá t*a tï
 2005 fkdjeïn¾ 4 - msfrhs t*a tï
 2010 fmnrjdß 22 - .srd`ÿrefldaÜfÜ m%cd .=jka úÿ,sh fjkqjg oUdk

 wo jk úg m%cd .=jkaúÿ,s fiajd l%shd;aul jkafka ke;'

 3

 90 oYlh uq, - t*a tï 99

 1993 - à tka t,a
 1994 - isri t*a tï

 wo jk úg fm!oa.,sl .=jkaúÿ,s kd,sld úYd, ixLHdjla oelsh yelsh'

 Y%jKh mdol lr .kakd udOHhls

 y`v uQ,l
s jk udOHhls'
o ñksia y`v
o ix.S;h iajNdúl Yío
o ndysr Yío ks¾udKd;aul Yìo
 myiqfjka mßyrKh l< yelsh
 cx.u udOHhls
 ´kEu ;ekl isg ijka osh yelsh
 l%h
s d lrùu myiqh
 wvq úhoï iys;h
 N+f.da,h
S ndOl wjuh
 mqo.
a , mdol$mqo.
a ,noaO udOHhls
 mßl,amkSh udOHhls
 w;sYh ËKsl udOHhls

 Yíoh u;u muKla r|d mej;Sug isÿùu

 weiS kEiS hk udOHhla ùu
 Y%djlhdf.a wjOdkh fjkia ùug jeä bvla mej;Su
 .eUqre yd ixlS¾K woyia bosßm;a lsÍfï wmyiqj
 4

mejreï
.=jkaúÿ,s udOH i;= m%n,;d iy ÿn,;d fláfhka ú.%y lrkak'
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 5

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 6

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 7

 l:d
 iïuqL idlÉPd
 ixlÉPd
 ixjdo
 jd¾;duh
 úÑ;%dx.
 i`.rduh
 .=jkaúÿ,s kdgH
 iÔú úia;r m%pdr
 jd¾;d l:k
 ksfõok
 wjOdß; ksfõok
 lsxlsKs ksfõok
 fj<| ksfõok
 m%Yk
a úpdrd;aul
 ÿrl:k ixjdo
 m%jD;a;s
 ix.S;uh jevigyka

mejreï
.=jkaúÿ,s udOH jevigyka wdlD;s ms<sn| flá igyka ,shkak'

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 9

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 10

 f;dr;=re iïmdokh
 wOHdmkh ,nd oSu
 úfkdaodiajdoh iemhSu
 fm<Uùu
 uyck fiajhla f,i l%shd lsÍu
 ,dNh bmhSu

mejreï
.=jkaúÿ,sfha ld¾hNdrh ksoiqka olajñka ú.%y lrkak'
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 11

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 12

.=jkaúÿ,s udOHfha uQ,l

s wruqKq fohdldr fõ'
1. iudc fiajd wruqKq
2. jdKsc wruqKq

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by; lS wruqKq yer ;j;a fndfyda wruqKq .=jkaúÿ,s udOHfha oelsh yelsh'

fulS úúO wruqKq u; úúO wdldr jQ jevigyka úúO .%dyl lKavdhï b,lal lr
.ksñka osh;a lrkq ,nhs'
 13

mejreï
f;dard .;a oskl .=jkaúÿ,shg ijkafoñka my; mejreu ksu lrkak' kd,sld
y;rl jevigyka y;rla Y%jKh lrñka tys bosrsm;a flfrk jevigykaj,g
wod<j Tn y÷kd.;a f;dr;=re we;=<;a lrñka my; m;%sld mqrjkak'

01'
kd,sldj -
Y%jKh l< fõ,dj -
m%pdrh jQ jevigyk -
b,lal .%dyl lKavdhu -
jevigyfka wruqK -

02'
kd,sldj -
Y%jKh l< fõ,dj -
m%pdrh jQ jevigyk -
b,lal .%dyl lKavdhu -
jevigyfka wruqK -

03'
kd,sldj -
Y%jKh l< fõ,dj -
m%pdrh jQ jevigyk -
b,lal .%dyl lKavdhu -
jevigyfka wruqK -

04'
kd,sldj -
Y%jKh l< fõ,dj -
m%pdrh jQ jevigyk -
b,lal .%dyl lKavdhu -
jevigyfka wruqK -
 14

 .=jka úÿ,s ;rx. úoHq;a pqïnl ;rx. fõ'

o uOHu ;rx.
o flá ;rx.
o ixLHd; uQ¾ck ;rx.
 .=jkaúÿ,sfha oS y`v úoHq;a ;rx. njg m;afldg úiqrejdyrshs' tu l%shdldrS;ajh
my; mrsos oelaúh yelsh'

 j¾;udkfhaoS wka;¾cd,h Ndú;d lrñka fjí f¾äfhda fiajdjka l%shd;aul fõ' tysoS
;rx. iïfm%aIKhla isÿ fkdjk w;r wka;¾cd,h Tiafia isÿflfrk ir,
l%h
s dj,shla isÿfõ'

 .=jka úÿ,s jevigykla hkq wdrïNh" wka;¾;h yd wjidkhla iys; ukd

fm<.eiaulska hq;= l%shdoduhls'
 .=jkaúÿ,s msgm;a rpkfhaoS ie,ls,u
s ;a úh hq;= uQ,l
s lreKq
 y`ÿkd .ekSu
 ldgo@
 l=uk fj,djgo@
 fudkjdo@
 l=uk lreK i|ydo@
 fmr iQodku
 jevigyfka mrud¾:h
 jevigyk bosßm;a lrk udos,h
s
 ta i|yd Ndú; lrk wdlD;sh
 ;u .%dyl lKavdhu
 jevigyk bosß lrk .=jka ld,h
 15

is;kak; lshkak; bka miqj ,shkak'

 NdIdfõ iajrEmh
- l:k jHjyrfhka rpkd úh hq;h
= '
 wduka;K
% iajrEmh
- ;u ióm;uhdg wduka;%Kh lrk ñ;%Y,
S S ú,dYhla úh hq;h
= '
- ikaksfõokh lrkafka tla wfhl= iu`. muKla hehs Wml,amkh
l< hq;h
= '
 Y%jK iajrEmh
- tla jrla weiQ muKska Y%djlhdg f;areï hd hq;h
= '
 Yío iajrEmh
- Yío udOH muKla fhdod .kakd neúka ukfia Ñ;%Kh jk whqqßka
bosßm;a l< hq;h
= '

 wod, úIh fËa;h

% ms<sn| oekqu yd udOH ksmK
q ;ajh

 jevigyfka wdlD;sh

 wikakdf.a .;s iajNdjh

 wikaksf.a wjOdkh ,nd .ekSu yd Wkkaÿj mj;ajd .ekSfï úê

 ks¾udKYS,S nj

 NdId m%ùK;dj

 os.l
= d,Sk wNHdih
 16

 ir, jpk yd jdlH Ndú;h

 ijka oSfuka .%yKh lr.; yels mßos rpkd lsÍu

 jdlH wjika lsÍfï úrdu ,ËK meyeos,j

s igyka lsÍu

 m%ldYkfha fjkiaùï meyeoss,j

s oelaùu

 ix.S; LKav fhoSu" ksy`v nj wdosh meyeos,j

s oelaùu

 jpk ksis mßos fjka lsÍu

 fþohka ksis mßos fjka lsÍu

 l%'s mQ' jeks ixËsm;

a mo fkdhdoSu

 ixLHd yd b,lal yels ;rï ir,j yd u;l ;nd .; yels whqßka bosßm;a lsÍu

 ;dËKsl jpk" mdßNdIsl jpk fhoSfïoS ie,ls,u

s ;a ùu

 kdgHhl" isoê
a hl wjia:d udre lsÍfï iqÿiq Wml%u Ndú;h

 ksIamdofhaoS wjYH ;dËKsl Wmfoia msgmf;a i|yka lsÍu

 mejreï
.=jkaúÿ,s msgm;a rpkfha oS ie,ls,u
s ;a úh hq;= lreKq y;rla ksoiqka olajñka
ú.%y lrkak'
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 17

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