iskudfõ NdIdj yd tys jHdlrKh f.dv ke.

Sfuys ,d
mqfrda.dó jQ iskudlrejkaf.a odhl;ajh úuiqug ,la lrkak

.S;aud uokdhl

HS/FT14/0024
iskud yd rEmjdyskS wOHhkh
,,s; l,d wOHhk wxYh
udkj Ydia;% mSGh
le,Ksh úYajúoHd,h
 iskudj ìys l< mqfrda.dñfhda

mgqk

➢ ¨ñh¾ fidfydhqfrda
➢ f;dauia w,ajd¾ täika
➢ iale,eäfkdõials fidfydhqfrda
➢ tâjâ uhsn%sÊ
➢ fcd¾Ê fï,sia
➢ tâúka tia fmdag¾
➢ ã ví,sõ .%s*s;a

reishdkq iskudlrefjda

▪ f,õ l=If,õ
▪ i¾ð tï whsisiaghska
▪ ù whs mqfvdõlska

➢ pd,s pema,ska
¨ñh¾ fidfydhqfrda (1862-1954) / (1864-1948)
iskudfõ wdrïNh ms,sn| úúO u; mej;sh;a iskudfõ mqfrda.dóka f,i
nyq;rhlf.a f.!rj wdorhg md;% jkafka ¨ñh¾ fidfydhqrkah. f,dj m%:u
iskud uyck o¾Ykh mj;ajk ,oafoa Tjqka úisks. ta 1895 foieïn¾ 28 jk od
m%xYfha meßia kqjr .%ekaâ lef* Yd,dfõ§h. tÈk uqo,a f.jd hï msßila fuu
o¾Ykh keröug tla úh.
fï m<uq uyck m%o¾Ykh ¨ñh¾ ifydaorhka úiska fmkajk ,oafoa
iskufgda.%dma (cinematograph) kï WmlrKh Ndú;fhks.th jdKsc jYfhka
id¾:l jQ tfukau m%dfhda.sl meje;au ;yjqre l< f,dj m%:u fm%dfclagrhhs.
isfkufgda.d% mh fm%dfclagrhla f,i fukau leurdjla yd uqo%K hka;%hla f,io
Ndú;d l, yels úh. fï WmlrKfha fõ.h ;;a;amrhg rEm rduq 16 la úh.

iskufgda.%dmh b; ieye,a¨ WmlrKhls. tys nr rd;a;,a úiaila muK úh. wf;a

f.k hd yels ksid myiqfjka msg; o¾Yk ,nd .; yels úh. ¨ñh¾ fidfydhqfrda
isÿùï iajNdúlj rEm.; l,y. tneúka ta fom, iajNdúl iajNdjjd§ Ñ;%mg
l,dfõ mshjre f,i y÷kajhs. ¨ñh¾ fidfydhqfrda hgf;a jev l, leurd
Ys,amsfhda f,dj jgd ixpdrh lrñka úõO rE.; lsÍï isÿ l,y.

Tjqkaf.a Ñ;%mg g%ejf,d.aia hkqfjka ye¢kaúks. kuq;a tu rEm.; lsÍï Ñ;%mg

fkdúks’. tys ixialrKhka fyda l;djla wvx.=j fkd;snqKs. tneúka tl, tajd
l,d udOHhla f,i ms<s .;af;a ke;.
¨ñh¾ fidhqrkaf.a Ñ;%mg f,i

▪ Boat Leaving Harbor

▪ Game Of Cards
▪ Arrival of a Train in the Station at La ciotat
▪ demolishing a wall
▪ Lunch for baby
▪ The gardener Takes a Shower

wdÈh oelaúh yelsh.

f;dauia w,ajd¾ täika (1847-1931)

iskudfõ wdrïNl o¾Yk Èkh f,i 1895 foieïn¾ 28 i|yka jqj;a Bg fmr
f;dauia w,ajd täika iskud m%o¾Yk meje;ajQ nj jd¾;d fõ. jeä ÈhqKq l< m,uq
fm%dfclagrh ¨ñh¾f.a jqj;a m%lafIamk ;dlaIKfha mqfrda.dñhd jkafka täika
h. lhsfkfgda.%dma f,i täika iud.u ye¥ hka;%hg ;;a;amrhg rEm rduq 40
l muk fõ.hla ;snqKs. bka miqj ksmojQ lsfkgiafldamhgo täika iud.u
n,m;% ,nd .;af;ah. Peep show ueYska hkqfjka y÷kajkafkao fuhuhs.
fuu mSma fIda ueYska i|yd wjYH Ñ;%mg ksmoùug tâika iud.u Ñ;%d.drhla o
ksmo úh. í,ela udßhd f,i y÷kajkq ,enQ fuh f,dalfha m,uq iskud
Ñ;%d.drhhs. fï Ñ;%d.rh ;dr lvodisj,ska wdjdrKh l< l=vd l+vdrula úh.
í,ela udßhd Ñ;d.drfha ksmojkq ,enQ fndfyda Ñ;%mgj,g mokï jqfha úõO
m%ix. Fndlaisx ;rÕ kegqï jeks foah.lhsfkgiafldamh yevfhka l=vd
leìfkÜgqjla jeksh. fuhska flrekqfha fiahd mg,j, m%;sìïN ùÿrejla u;
m%lafIamk lsÍuhs. fmal
% aIlhd tu o¾Yk kerUqfõ thg wei ;eîfuks.
iale,eäfkdõials fidfydhqfrda (1863-1939)
nhsiafldama kï hka;%h Wmfhda.s lr.ksñkaa iale,eäfkdõials fidfydhqrka
úiska c¾uksfha§ m%isoaO iskud o¾Ykhla fmkaùh. ta 1895 fkdjeïn¾ 01 Èkh.
tÈku Tjqyq ;u WmlrKh i|yd fmagkaÜ n,m;%h o ,nd .;a y. tfy;a
nhsiafldama u.ska nhsiafldama fmkaúh yels nj Tjqka oek .;af;a Bg udi
lsysmhlg fmrh. nhsiafldamh hkq m%lf a Iamk hka;%hls. nhsiafldamh ksmoùug
Tjqkag W;af;ach iemhQfõ ueðla ,ka;ereuhs. iale,eäfkdõials fidhqrka yd
Tjqkaf.a mshd b;d È.= ld,hl isg ueðla ,ka;erefuka úúO o¾Yk jdr
fmkajñka isáhy. c¾uksh ;=< fukau fjk;a rgj,o Tjqka o¾Yk jdr
meje;aùh.
Tjqka úiska nhsiafldama hka;%h ksmojQ miq th /f.k fkda¾fõ fko¾,ka;h
fvkaud¾lh iaùvkh we;=¨ rgj,g f.dia we;.
tâjâ uhsn%sÊ (1830-1904)
f,dj m%:u iskud wOHlaIljrdhd f,i ie,flkafka Tyqh. kuq;a Tyq lsis Èkl
;ud m%:u iskud wOHlaIljrhd neõ oek fkdisáfhah. thg fya;=j ;ud isÿ l<
ld¾hh yqfola TÜgqjla ch .ekSug .;a rEm fm<la ùuhs.

fï ish,a, isÿ jQfha 1879 §h. p,k Ñ;%h tf;la ìys j fkd;snqKs. f,a,kaâ
iageka*¾â hkq weußldfõ le,sf*dakshdfõ úiQ Okjf;ls. Tyq jrla ;u ñ;=frl=
iuÕ jdohl meg¨ks. ta wYajfhl= wrUhdh. wYajhd ÿjk úg hï lsis tla
fudfyd;l§ wYajhdf.a ll=,a y;ru fmd<jg Wäka msysgk nj iageka*¾â
mejiSh. kuq;a Tyqf.a ñ;=rd th ms<s .ekSug wlue;s úh. th Tmamq lsÍug
iageka*¾â úiska me;=fõ tâj¾â uhsn%sÊ f.a iyhhs.

tâjâ uhsn%sÊ hkq tjlg weußldfõ isá id¾:l ksYap, PdhdrEm Ys,amf s hls.
iage*¾â uhsn%sÊj uqk .eiqkq w;r ;udg isÿ lsÍug wjYH lghq;a; okajd we;.
kuq;a uq,§ uhsn%sÊ fuhg wlue;s ù we;. thg fya;=j tjeks rE.; lsÍula is§
lsÍug ;dlaIkh t;rï ÈhqKqj fkd;sîuhs.

flfia fj;;a wjik Tjqka fofokd fulS rE.; lsÍug tlÕ ù we;. thg
wjYH ish¨ úhoï ord we;af;a iageka*¾â h. ta wkqj Tyq f,dj m%:u Ñ;%mg
ksIamdolhd úh.

mehg ie;mqï úiail fõ.fhka Èj hk fuu wYajhd rE.; l< hq;= úh.ta wkqj
rE.; lsÍug iQodkï úh. iageka*¾â f.a TlaisvkaÜ kï wYajhd uhsn%sÊf.
leurdj uÕska igyka l< hq;= úh.
fuys§ m%Odk jYfhka u;= jQ .eg¨j jQfha fõ.fhka ÿj hk wYajhf.a mdo
igyka lr .ekSug iß,k fõ.fhka hq;a oajdr fõ.hla ks¾udKh lsÍuhs. ful,
;snQ Wmßu oajdr fõ.h jQfha ;;amrfhka 1$2 la h. Wml%uhla f,i f,kaia
lema tl w;ska jid weÍuo nyq, úh. tjeks miqìul wYaj rE.; lsÍula isÿ lsÍu
ienúkau wNsfhda.hla úh.

uhsn%sÊ úiska ,e,s j,ska fomig we§ hk oajdrh ks¾udKh lf<ah. fuh yßhgu
wo Èk Ndú;d lrk kdNs ;, oajdrhg iudk úh. tlu fjki jQfha Tyqf.a tu
oajdr ;, úreoaO ;,j,g fomij .uka lsÍuhs. m%;súreoaO ÈYdj,g .uka lrk
fuu oajdr ;, j,ska ;;a;amrhg 1$ 2000 l oajdr fõ.hla .ekSug uhsn%sÊ g yels
úh. leurd 12 la Ndú;fhka ,nd .;a fuu rEm fm< w;sYh id¾:l úh. ta
wkqj id¾:lj p,kh m%;sks¾udKh l< wji;djla f,i uhsn%sÊ f.a fuu
l%shdldrlu ie,lsh yelsh. iskudj ìys ùug fkdoekqjÜju Tyq ,nd ÿka
odhl;ajh ienúkau w.h l< hq;=h.
fcda¾Ê fï,sia (1861-1938)
Ñ;%mgh PdhdrEm p,kh lsÍulska Tíng .sh l;d lSfï l,djla njg m;a
lrjkakg uq,a jQfha fcd¾Ê fï,sia h. iskud l¾udka;hg msùóug fmr Tyq
s hls. fcd¾Ê fï,sia ye¢kafjkafkao ksyඬ iskudfõ ueðla
jD;a;Sh ueðla Ys,amf
lrejd f,isks. fu,Sia f.a uk#l,ams; l;d f;aud /.;a ks¾udK Tyqf.a
mßl,amkh fl;rï wmQre oehs wmg fmkajd foa. Tyqf. Trip to the moon jeks
Ñ;%mgj, oelsh yelafla tlS wmQre l,ams;j, msysgd ks¾udKh l, Ñ;%mghs.

wNHdjldY pdßld f;aud lr .;a m<uq Ñ;%mgh f,i fï,sia f.a Trip to the
moon Ñ;%mgh ye¢kaúh yelsh. th m<uq úoHd m%nkaO Ñ;%mgh hehs lSjg o
jrola ke;. fï,sia ;=< iskudj flfrys wdYdjla we;s jQfha ¨ñh¾
fidfydhqrkaf.a Ñ;%mg keröfuks. meßisfha .%ekaâ lef* § ¨ñh¾
fidfydhqrka meje;ajQ m<uq Ñ;%mg m%o¾Ykhg iyNd.S ùug fï,sia g jrï
,enqks.
bka miq Tyq tx.,ka;fhka fyd| leurdjla ,ndf.k ;u m¾fhaIKj, ksr;
úh. ;u jD;a;Sh oekquo Wmfhda.S lrf.k Tyq iskudj ;=< oDYH m%fhda. Ndú;d
lsÍug W;aiql úh. leurd ;dlaIKhg Tyq ueðla Ys,amh uqiq lf<a h.

laIKslj ñksiqka w;=reoyka jk f,dalhla Tyq leurdfjka ueõfõh. ñksiqka

i;=ka njg m;a fõ. ìï u,la ñksfil= njg m;a fõ. fï wdldrfhka Tyq wmQre
iskud f,dalhla m%lI
a lhf.a fk; .eàug ie,eiaùh.

Tyq m%xYfhka msg; Ñ;%mg fmkaùug mgka .;af;a 1896 jif¾§ h. b;d ÿn,
;dlaIKhla ;snQ ta ld,fha Trip to the moon jeks Ñ;%mghla ie§u .ek
ienúkau fï,sia g úfYaI f.!rjhla ysñ úh hq;=h.1889 ;rï uq,a wjêhl§ Tyq
f.a ks¾udKj, dissolve olakg ;snqks. *ekagiSia ueùu iïnkaofhka Tyqf.a
mßph the palace of the Arabaian Nights (1905) kï Ñ;%mgfhka ukd f,i
meyeÈ,s fõ.
flfia fj;;a miq ld,Skj iskud l¾udka;h ;=< ;snQ ;rÕh yuqfõ fï,sia miq
nd .sh nj lsj hq;=h. Tyq wjidk ld,fha ish,a, w; yer l=vd fj,| ie,l
fiajh lr we;.

fï,sia flÈklj;a msg; o¾Yk rE.; lsÍu .ek ish wjOdkh fhduq fkdlf,ah.
Tyq fõÿld kdgHl fuka ish¨ o¾Yk rE.; lf,ah. leurdj fjkia lsÍug Tyq
ue,s úh. ish¨ rEm rduq fõÈld kdgHhl fuka tlu ;ekl leurdj ;nd rE.;
flreks.’ tfyhska ld,h;a iuÕ fma%laIlhka Tyqf.a Ñ;%mg ne,Sug ue,s úh.
ks¾udKYS,s nj ksidu muKla fkdj Tyq i;= jQ wm%;sy; ffO¾h ksid o fcd¾Ê
fï,sia f,dal iskudfj lemS fmfkk pß;hls.
Tyqf.a lemS fmkqk ks¾udK f,i

• The Palace of the Arabian nights (1905)

• Trip to the Moon (1903)
• The impossible Voyage (1904)
• Conquest of the pole (1912)
wdÈh oelaúh yelsh
tâúka tia fmdag¾ (1870-1941)
fï,Sia f,dal iskudjg wmQre iskud mg tla l<d muKla fkdj ;j fndfyda
msßilg iDcqj yd jl%j u. fmkaùu o isÿ lf<ah. tâúka tia fmdag¾ thg
ksoiqkls.

uq¨ f,dju fmdag¾j y÷kajkafka The great train robbery ys ks¾ud;Djrhd

f,his. wOHlaIljrfhl= f,i fmrg taug fmr Tyq fndfyda ld,hla ;dlaIKsl
Ys,amsfhl= f,i jev lr we;. Tyq täika iud.fï PdhdrEm Ys,amsfhl= f,i o
jev lr we;. fï,sia f.a Ñ;%mg kerUQ Tyq wLKav l;djla lSug ;ud ;=<
wdYdjla fï,sia weiqfrka ,enQ nj jrla mejiSh. tys m%;sm,h jQfha 1903 § The
life of an American firman Ñ;%mgh ksmoùuhs.

m%:u jrg iskudfõ ixialrKh isoaOdka;h fhdod .;af;a Tyqh. Tyq 1902 § The
life of an American firman keue;ss Ñ;%mgh rEm lkav lsysmhla tl;= lsÍfuka
yeÿfõh. m,uq feature *s,aï tl ks¾udKh lf<ao Tyq úisks. l,ska fma%laIlhd
lsis l,l w;a fkdú¢ l=;=y,h Tyq iskudjg y÷kajd ÿkafkah. Tyq úiska úkdä
12 la Odjkh jk The Great Train Robbery Ñ;%mgh 1903 jif¾È ksmoùh. th
ksyඬ iskudfõ jeo.;a yerjqï ,laIhla úh. ld,h yd wjldYh wjYH mßÈ
yeisrjQ uq,au Ñ;%mgh jQfha fuhhs.
ã ví,sõ .%s*s;a (1875-1948)
.%s*s;a jkdys ienúkau fYa%IaG l,dlrefjls. jpkfhka m%ldY l, fkdyels
ldjHuh woyia Tyq iskudj ;=<ska m%ldY lsÍug W;aiy lf<ah. Tyq ienúkau
iskud kdgHlrefjls. tfy;a uq,§ ;udf.a yelshdjka ;udgu wjfndO lr .;
fkdyels whqrla Èia úh. tneúka uq,a hq.fha§ Tyq ish iskud ks¾udK u.ska 19
jk ishjfia fYa%IaG l,dlrejka idys;Hlrejka l, foau lsÍug W;aiy .;a
njla olakg ,enqks.

.%s*s;a Wm; ,enqfõ 1875 ckjdß 22 jk Èk weußldfõ§ h. l¾k,ajrfhl=f.a

mq;l= f,i Wm; ,o .%s*s;a mshdf.a hqoaO Tm¥m j,ska l=vdl, isgu W;af;ackh
,enQ nj lshefõ. tfiau we;eï uk#l,ams; hqoaO .eko mshd mq;dg lshd ÿkafkah.
l=vd l, isgu .%s*s;a fYalaiamsh¾f.a iy älkaia f.a fmd;a /ila lshjd ;snqKs.
tfy;a l=vd l,Èu ;u mshd ñh .sh ksid mjqf,a nr lrg .kakg isÿ úh. Tyq
fidamdk l%shdlrjkafkl= f,io l,la fiajh lf,ah.
flá Ñ;%mg ish .Kkla ks¾udKh l, miq Tyq iskudj i;= ish¨ W;a;=x.
,laYK ms,sn| ish wjfndaOh fmkakqï lrkakg úh. fu;=jla l,a b;d ir,
f,i mßyrKh l< udOHhla Tyqj fYa%IaG tfukau uyd mßudKfha l,dlrefjla
njg m;a lf<ah.

Tyq wkq.ukh l< fjk;a iskud lrejka mjd ìys úh. úfYaIfhkau b;d,sfha
ksmojQ fndfyda iskud lD;s " .%sß*s;af.a uyd mßudKfha iskud rgdj wkq.ukh
l< tajd úh. uq,a hq.fha PdhdrEmlrKh i|yd w;HjYHu wx.hla jQ ysre t<sh
b;d,sh jeks rgl fkdwvqj ;sîu;a úYd, miq;, i|yd fhdod.; yels
ft;sydisl f.dvke.s,s tys nyq,j ;sîu;a fuhg fya;= jkakg we;. bith of
nation jeks Ñ;%mg u.ska .%s*s;a fmkakqï l, iskud rgdj bÈßhg f.k hdug;a
iskudfõ kdgHuh .=Kh j¾Okhg;a b;d,sfha ksYamdÈ; fuu lD;s u.ska m%n,
odhl;ajhla ,eìK.
flfia jqjo jpkfha mßiudma; w¾:fhkau .%s*s;a jkdys jeo.;a iqúfYaIS
l,dlrefjls. tfukau m%:u jrg ck;dj úiskau jeo.;a hehs ie,l+
l,dlrejdo Tyq h.
Tyqf.a ks¾udK i|yd úfYaI wkq.%yhla yd myiqlï imhd .eksu tl, jqjo
t;rï wmyiq fkdùh. m<uqjeks f,dal hqO iufha jrla n%s;dkHfha ixpdrh l<
Tyq ms,s.ekSu i|yd rdcH kdhfhl=g olajk wkaofï .re ie,ls,s olajk ,§.
.%s*s;a 1875 j¾Yfha Wmka wfhl= ksidfoda fkdoekqj;aju jdf.a 19 jk ishjfia jQ
idys;H lD;sj, oelsh yels ÿ¾j, ,laYKhka Tyqf.a lD;s ;=<go we;=¨ úh.
Tyqf.a l;d m%jD;a;s fndfyda úg Woafõ.lr kdgH úh. tfukau tajd ;=<ska m<
l< woyiao ks;r wid mqreÿ h,a mek .sh iajrEmhla bis,Sh. Tyq úiska ks¾udKh
l< pß;o fndfyda úg ÿIaGhd úrhd yd ùrjßh kï jQ iqmqreÿ rEm rduqfõ
mej;sK. Tyqf.a m%Odk pß; úfYaIfhkau l:dkdhsldj ks;ru b;du;a rEu;a
yeéfuys olaI wfhla úh. wkqfõokSh yd Ndjd;sYh cjksld ueùu ñi fjk;a
lsisjla wef.aka wfmalaId fkdlrk ,§.

.%s*s;a úiska iskudjg l< y÷kajd§ï

▪ wka;¾fþokh
▪ laIKslfþokh
▪ ldp újrh wvq jeä lsÍu
▪ ldp wdjrK fh§u
▪ rd;%S o¾Yk rE.; lsÍu
▪ leurd fldaK ieliSu
▪ leurdj ;sria f,i yeisrùu
▪ leurdj jia;= fj; Odjkh
▪ w;s ióm rEm fhdod .ekSu
▪ miqmiska wdf,dalh fhdod .ekSu
▪ w;S;dj¾ckh

.%s*s;af.a mqfrda.dñ ld¾hh jQfha Ñ;%mgh l,d udOHhla njg m;a lr .ekSuhs.
Ñ;%mgh udhd iajrEmfhka hq;a ;dlaIKsl úÊcdjla muKla hehs hk u;h ÿre
lrùug;a Tyq Wkkaÿ úh.
leurd fldaK ksis f,i fhdod .ekSfuka iskudjg ldjHuh njla ,nd Èh yels
nj Tyq oek isáfhah. ;udf.a woyia m%ldYkhg ;ks Í,hla m%udKj;a fkdjk
nj oeka .;a Tyq Í, folla Ndú;d lrkakg úh. Tyq

• Eanock arden (1911)

• Man’s genesis (1912)
• The massacre (1912)
• Mothering heart (1913)

jeks id¾:l ks¾udK isÿ lf<a h.

tfy;a .%s*s;fa .a fYa%IaG;ajh /£ mej;sfha fjk;a wxYhlh. úYsIaG .Kfhys ,d
ie,lsh yels ks¾udK fndfydauhla tajd uyd mßudKfha ks¾udK úh. birth of
the nation, intolerance, hearts of worlds, way down east , broken blosoms,
orphans of of the storm fulS Ñ;%mg u.ska ks;ru W;aiy lf<a fma%lI a lhdf.a
yeÕSï Woa§mkh lsÍughs. uyd mßudkfha iskudlrefjl=f.a .;s ,laIK .%s*s;a
;=< ;snqKs’. ;udf.a fma%laIl msßi flfia fyda ch .; hq;= nj Tyq wu;l
fkdlf<ah. ;udf.a lD;s ;=< widudkH njla ueùug Tyqg ks;r wjeis úh.
we;af;kau tjd widudkH .Kfha u lD;s úh. fujeks lD;s i|yd ;snq b,a¨u
1920 muK jk úg ySk ù .sfha h. tu lD;sj,ska ms<sìUq jQ hq.h m<uqjeks f,dal
hqoaOh yd iu.u je,,S .sfhah. jvd ksoyia Ñka;lhkaf.ka fyì W.;a mrmqrlg
wh;a jQ ó,Õ oYlh ;=< .%s*s;af.a iskud isysk is;=ú,s i|yd t;rï bvï
fkd;snqKs.

tfy;a fuh isÿ ùug fmr iskudj kï udOHfha kj m%jK;djka y÷kdf.k

t;=<ska ;dlaYKsl {dkh mq¨,a lr .ekSug .%s*s;a iu;a úh. bkafgd,rkaia
Ñ;%mgfha tk neìf,dakshdkq o¾Ykh yd iu lsÍug yels úYd, whialdka;
iskud o¾Ykhla tl, ful, fjk;a lsisÿ iskudlrefjl=g ks¾udKh l<
fkdyels úh.
ksyඬ iskudfõ ish¨ uQ,O¾u ms,sn| ish¨ Ys,amsh l%u yeoeßfuka wk;=rej
.%s*s;a ish iskud Ôú;fha ;SrKd;aul wjia:djlg m;a úh. tkï ish iskud
Ôú;fha b;d jeo.;a Ñ;%mg fol ks¾udKh lsÍuhs.

• Intolerance
• Birth of the nation

hkq tu Ñ;%mg folh.

f,dal iskudfõ mqfrd.dóka w;rg tla jQ m;dl fhdaOfhla f,i .%s*s;a ye¢kaúh
yelsh.
reishdkq iskudlrefjda
iskudfõ mqfrda.dóka ngysr iy weußldkq rgj,ska fufia ìys fjoa§ f,dalfha
wks;a fldfkkao iskudlrejka ìys fjñka mej;=kS. ta reishdfjks. reishdkq
iskudj ms<sn| l;d lrk úg i¾ð tï whsikaiaghska ,f,õ l=If,õ iy ù whs
mqfvdõlska ms<sn| wksjd¾hfhka l;d l< hq;=h.

i¾ð tï whsikaiaghska (1848-1948)

i¾ð whsikaiaghska fYa%IaG Ñ;%mg wOHlaIljrfhl= muKla fkdj ÿ¾,N .Kfh
iskud isoOdka;fõÈfhl=o fõ. .%s*s;a kej;+ ;ekska uyd iskudj mgka .;af;a
whsikaiaghska nj úpdrl u;hhs. Tyq wurKsh iskud ks¾udKhla jk
Battleship of Potempkin ieÿfõh. th Tyqf.a iqúfYaIu ks¾udKhhs. we;fula
th iskudfõ jHdlrK .%ka:h f,io w;a fmd; f,io y÷kajhs.
whsikaiaghska fjkqfjka reishdkq rch Tyqg ,nd Èh yels by,u f.!rjh f,i
Tyq f.a 100 jk ckau Èkh od ldishla ksl=;a lf<ah. Tyq úiska ks¾udKh lrk
,o October Ñ;%mgh uq¨uKskau ixialrKh ms<sn| m¾fhaIKhla n÷ úh. thg
fg%dÜials we;=¨ msßilf.ka wkqn,h ,enqkq njo lshfõ.
whsikaiaghska f.a iskud lD;s uq¨ukskua foaYmd,ksl úh fmdfgïmalska hqO
kefõ l:dfjka Tyq úfõpkh lrkafk tjlg ;snQ id¾ md,khhs. Tlaf;dan¾
Ñ;%mgh ksl=;a flrefKau fnda,f a Yúlajrekaf.a 10 jk ixjia;rh ieußu
msKsihs.
whsikaiaghska iskudj .ek;a úfYIfhkau ixialrKh .ek;a lreKq wOHhkh
lf,a l=f,fYdõ hgf;a h. Tyq 1922 - 1923 w;r ld,fh The montage of
attraction kï .%ka:h rpkd lf<a fï wjêfhah.

Battleship of Potempkin ìys jQfha f,kska f.a md,k iufhah. tfy;a tys l;d
lf, 1905 id¾ md,k hq.fha we;s jQ isoaêh ms<sn|jh. n,dfmdfrd;a;= jQ whqßkau
1925 § tys jev ksud úh. fuu Ñ;%mgh .%Sl fYdaldka; iajrEmfhka È.
yefrkakla úh. ta m%Odk fldgia myla jYfhks.
tkï

• Men and Maggots

• Drama on the Quarterdeck
• Appeal from the Dead
• Odessa Steps
• Meeing the Squadorn

f,ih.
fuys§ ´fviaid mä fmf<a isÿùu f,dal iskud b;sydifha wmqrE rem rduq fm<ls
whsikaiaghska tys§ ohf,ls; ifudaOdkh .ek §¾> jYfhka l:d lf,ah. Tyq
úYajdi lf,a m%;súreoaO rEm rduqj, >Ügkfhka Ñ;%mghl wre; jvd;a ;Sj%j
ksrEmKh l< yels njhs.

whsikaiaghska úiska Strike ksmojkq ,enqfõ 1924 Èh. th f,dal iskudfõ .=re
w;a fmd; f,i y÷kajhs. th iïNdjH iskud lD;shla nj úpdrl u;hhs.

Strike Ñ;%mgfhka lshfjkafka reishdfõ 1912 § yg .;a jev j¾ckhla .ekhs.

lïlrejka id iajdñhka w;r we;s jk .egqula tys ksrEmKh fõ. tys rEml
nyq< úh. ixfla; nyq,h. uq¨ Ñ;%mghu .; fyd;a iuia;hla f,i mqoa.,hd
fjkqjg iudch ms,sn| l;d lrk iajNjhla Tyqf.a Ñ;%mgj, we;.

whsikaiaghska f.a Ñ;%mg Angry Films f,i f,dal iskudfõ ye¢kaúks. túg Tyq
mejiqfõ I do not make film to be watched by an impassive eye lshdh.
f,õ l=f,fIdõ (1899-1970)
fidúhÜ iskudlrejka w;r isá b;d olaI tfukau nyq;rhlf.a l;d ny, ,la
jQ f,dal iskudfõ isá m%n, pß;hla f,i f,õ l=f,fIdõ oelaúh yelsh.
l=f,fIdõ úiska lrk ,o b;d jeo.;a m¾fhaIKhla .ek iskud b;sydifha
i|yka fõ. tu w;a yod ne,Sug Tyq uqIalska Mushkin keue;s m%lg fõÈld
k¨jd fhdod .;af;ah. Tyq tu k¨jdf.a uqyqK yeÕSï úrys; wjia:djl§ rEmhg
f.k ta rEmh iuÕ iqma n÷kla , u< ñkshla yd kdáldx.kdjlf.a uqyqK iuÕ
.e,mSh. bka u;= jk woyia .ek Tyq fma%lI
a lhkaf.a is;=ú,s oek .;af;ah. fuu
w;ayod ne,Su weiqfrka l=f,fIdõ b;d jeo.;a ks.ukhlg t,Uqks.

iskudfj§ lsishï rEmhla iajdëk wre;la cks; fkdlrhs. tys § iuia;

m%ldYkh isÿjkafka lsishï rEmhlg fmr yd miqj tla lrkakd jq wfkl=;a
rEmj,g wkqrEmjhs. tla rEmhla ;j;a rEmhla yd .eàfuka we;s jk ;=ka jk
wre;la .ek Tyq l;d lf,a fuf,his. fuu rEm tla lsÍfï Ys,am l%uh
ifudaOdkh fyj;a fudkagdÊ f,i ye¢kafõ.
rEm folla noaO lsÍfuka fufia we;s jk ;=kajk wre;g l=f,fIdõ bf*laÜ
(kuleshove effect) hehs o lshkq ,efí.
ta wkqj f,õ l=f,fIdõ hkq iskud b;sydihg kjdx.hla tla l< wmqre
ks¾udKlrefjls. fidaúhÜ foaYfha uyd l,dlrejd f,i ye¢kafjkafka Tyqh.
Tyqf.a ks¾udK f,i

• The Extraodinator 1924

• By the Law 1926
• The great consoler 1933
• The death ray 1925
• The happy canary 1929

hkdÈh oelaúh yelsh.

ù whs mqfvdõlska (1893-1953)

reishdkq úma,jfhka myq ìys jQ wfkla iskudlrejd jQfha mqfvdõlska h Tyq b;d
iqm%isoaO kj l;djla jQ uelaisï f.da¾ls f.a wïud kjl;dj weiqfrka Mother
É;%mgh ks¾udKh lf<ah. ksyඬ iskud hq.fha fmr<shla we;s l< fuu Ñ;%mgh
rEm NdIdj b;d m,odhsj fhdod .;a;la nj úpdrl u;hhs. whsikaiaghska fukau
mqfvdõlskao ixial¾Kfha isoaOdka; Ndú;d lrñka ;u iskud ffY,sh fufyh
ùh.
mqfvdõlska f.a iqm%ios aO ks¾udK f,i

• In the days of struggle 1920

• Chess fever 1925
• Mother 1926
• New Babylon 1928

wdÈh oelaúh yelsh.

pd,s pema,ska (1889-1977)
pd,s pema,ska Wm; ,enqfõ 1889 tx.,ka;fha§h. Tyqf.a <ud ld,h b;d ÿIalr
tlla neõ lshfõ. Bg fya;=j Tyqf.a iqrd f,da,S mshd h. tu ksid uqo,a bmehSug
wjqreÿ 10 muK isg fõÈldj, /Õqï mdkakg Tyqg isÿ úh. Tyqg 1913 § tkï
jhi wjqreÿ 24 § kdgH lKavdhula iuÕ weußldjg taug wjia:dj ,enqks. tys§
uela iekÜ keue;s wOHlaIljrhd Tyqf.a olaI;d oel Tyqj ks¾udK i|yd fhdod
.;af;ah. pema,skg
a iskud f,dj fodr.=¨ újr jQfha tf,isks.
ukqIHhd flfrys fy,k ,o wmßñ; ohdkqlïmdjla Tyqf.a ks¾udKj, we;ehs
úpdrlfhda mji;s. È,s÷lu yqfol,dj mrdch ;Kaydj taldêm;sjdoh wdÈh .ek
Tyq ksyඬju l;d lf,ah.

pd,s pema,ska f.a ks¾udKj, wOHlaIljrhd fukau m%Odk k¨jd jQfhao Tyquh.
pema,ska f.a fYa%IaG;ajh WÉpia:dkhg m;a jQfha kuish úis .Kka j,Èh.
wNskh yd ljghdf.a pß;h ksrEmKh lrñka Tyq ksrEmKh lrk ,oafoa mSä;
mka;shhs.
Tyq úiska ks¾udKh lrk ,o úYsIag Ñ;%mg f,i

• Gold rush
• The circus
• City lights
• Modern times
• Great dictator
wdÈh oelaúh yelsh
wdY%s; .%ka:

• iskudj iy ck iudch - frdc¾ uekafj,a

• iskudj udOHh l,dj - tï ã uyskaomd,
• iskudfõ .ukau. - ufkdÊ m%ikak r;akdhl
• iskudj ixialD;sh iy ikaksfõokh - ufkdÊ m%idka r;akdhl
• fyd,sjqâ iskudj - ckl u,a,sudrÉÑ
• iskud rEm - tï ã uyskaomd,
• Ñ;%mgh - .dñKs fõr.u