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 wmkhk ieliquA l,dm iy Y%S ,xldfjA
wdfhdack uKav,fha l%shdldrZ;ajh

ye skaùu

jr\;udk f,dal wdr\:zlh ;=< ixjr\Oz; iy ixjr\Okh fjuzka mj;sk rgj,a ixjr\Okh
fjA.j;a lr .ekSu i#oyd ldr\uZlrK Wmdhudr\.hla jYfhka wmkhk ieliquA l,dm msyg s qjZfuA
jevms<sfj,g jeo.;a ia:dkhla oS we;' jr\;udkfha f,dalfha rgj,a 128 l muK wmkhk
ieliquA l,dm 1300 lg jvd jevz m%udKhla l%shd;aul fjA' wmkhk ieliquA l,dmhla hkq ;Sre
n-q iyk iy iykodhS uQ,H fr.=,dis hgf;a wdfhdack osrs.ekajZuA ,nuzka wmkhkh i#oyd
NdKav iy fiajd ksIamdokhg fhduq jQ jzfYaIs; N+f.da,Sh m%foaYhls' (International Labour
Organization, 2002) fuu ye#oskajZu yereKqjzg foaYsh iy jzfoaYSh wdfhdaclhskag iq -qiq
wdfhdack osrs.ekajZuA fokq ,nk fmd-q ldr\hh myiqluA imhd we;s kjZk;u ksIamdok
lr\udka; mj;sk lr\udka; ckmohls (Central Bank of Sri Lanka, 1982) jYfhka y#-qkajd we;'
tfukau wmkhk ieliquA l,dmhla hkq jzfoaYSh wdfhdaclhska osrs .ekajZu i#oyd ksr \udKh
lrkq ,nk rcfha wjir ,;a wdh;khka l%shd;aul lrkq ,nk jzfYaIs; m%foaYhls' (Cooksey.
B. 1981) tlai;a cd;Skaf.a lr\udka; ixjr\Okh ms<sn#o ixjzOdkfha wr\: oelajZug wkqj
wmkhk ieliquA l,dmhla hkq rg wNHka;rfha n,mdk huA huA kS;s rS;s j,ska mrsNdysrj
l%shd;aul jk wmkhk i#oyd NdKav yd fiajd ksIamdokhg fhduq jQ ldr\uzl ckmohls' fuu
ldr\uzl ckmoh mrsmd,kh lsrSu i#oyd fjkuu md,k wOzldrshla mj;sk w;r fuu l,dm
osjhsfka wfkl=;a m%foaYj,ska fjkafldg ;nkq ,efnA' (UNIDO, 1978) fuA wdldrhg wmkhk
ieliquA l,dm ms<sn#o jzzjzO yeoskajZuA mj;sk w;r wmkhk ieliquA l,dm yeoskajZu i#oyd
jzjzO kuA Ndjz;d lrkq ,nhs' ta wkqj wmkhk ieliquA l,dm" ksoyia fj<#o l,dm" wdfhdack
m%jr\Ok l,dm" ksoyia wdr\:zl l,dm" jzfYaIs; wdr\:zl l,dm" ksoyia wdr\:zl l,dm" ldr\uzl
ksoyia l,dm" wmkhk ksoyia l,dm" n-q ksoyia l,dm" jzfYaI ieliquA l,dm hk jzjzO kuA
fhdokq ,efnA' fufia jzjzO kuA j,ska ye#oskajqj;a fuu l,dm rg wNHka;rfha n,mdk huA huA
kS;srS;s j,ska iy ;Sren-q iy wfkl=;a n-q j,ska ksoyia wmkhkh i#oyd NdKav yd fiajd
ksmojZug fhduq jQ ldr\uzl ckmohla jk w;r fuu l,dm rfgA wfkl=;a m%foaY j,ska fjka
fldg we;s w;r fuu l,dm md,kh lsrSu i#oyd fjkuu md,k wOzldrshla mj;S'

wmkhk jHdma;sh

wmkhk ieliquA l,dm wdruAN jZ f,dalh mqrd jHdma; jQfha 1950 oYlfhaoSh' f,dalfha
jzOzu;a wdldrhg wdruAN lrkq ,enQ m%:u ksoyia fj<#o l,dmh jQfha 1959 oS whr\,ka;fha
msysgjQ Iefkdka (Sanon) ksoyia fj<#o l,dmhhs' 1950 oYlh w.Nd.h jk jzg w;a,dka;sla
id.rh yryd .=jka hdkd .uka lsrSfuAoS jzYd, bkaOk msrsjehka oerSug is -qjZu ksid
whr\,ka;fha Iefkdka .=jkaf;dgqm, yryd .=jka hdkd .uka lsrSu wvqjzh' fuu ;;a;ajh ksid
Iefkdka .=jka f;dgqm, lghq;= mrsydkshg m;ajQ w;r jzYd, m%udKhlg /lshd wyzuz jzh'
ta wkqj tu N+uz m%foaYh rfgA ixjr\Okhg odhl lr .ekSu;a" .=jkaf;dgqm, miqnEulg ,lajZu
ksid /lshd wyzuz jQjkag /lshd wjia:d ,nd oSu i#oyd;a /lshd wjia:djka jevz lr .ekSu
i#oyd;a wmkhk bmehquA jr\Okh lr .ekSu i#oyd;a hk wruqKq mokuA fldg f.k Iefkdka
.=jkaf;dgqm, wdY%s; m%foaYh jzfoaYSh wdfhdaclhskag ldr\uzl wxYfha wdfhdack lsrSug wjia:dj
i,id oSu i#oyd 1959 oS m%:u ksoyia fj<#o l,dmh wdruAN lrk ,oS' (ILO, 1998)
 1960 oYlh jk jzg wdishdkq rgj, ksoyia fj<#o l,dm msyg s qjZu jHdma;jzh' 1966 oS
bkaoshdfjA .=crdgA m%dka;fha lkavd,a (Kandal) wmkhk ieliquA l,dmh msysgjQ w;r miqj
fldapka" u-qrdis" jzYdld mgAkuA jeks m%foaY j, wmkhk ieliquA l,dm msysgqjk ,oS' tfukau
1966 oS ;dhsjdkfha lfgdaIshqx wmkhk ieliquA l,dmh o 1971 oS kxfia wmkhk ieliquA
l,dmh o msysgqjk ,o w;r 1972 oS ms,smSkfha fjhdka wmkhk ieliquA l,dmh msysgjQ w;r
1973 oS izx.mamQrefjA cQrdka wmkhk ieliquA l,dmh iy ol=Kq fldrshdfjA uidka wmkhk
ieliquA l,dmh msysgqjk ,oS' 1984 oS pZkh jziska fjr< wdY%S; m%foaY 11 l kso yia fj<#o l,dm
msysgqjk ,oS' fufia wmkhk ieliquA l,dm msysgqjZu wdruAN jZu;a iu. f,dalh mqrd wmkhk
ieliquA l,dm msysgqjZu jHdma; jzh' (PRIA, 2003)

Y%S ,xldfjA wmkhk ieliquA l,dmhla msyg s qjZu ms<sn#o wjOdkh fhduqjQfha 1966
jifr\oZh' tjlg mej;s rch jziska ta i#oyd ;%sl=Kdu,h m%foaYh fhda.H m%foaYh jYfhka
ksr\foaY lr tys fhda.HNdjh ms<sn#o msrsjeh iy m%;s,dN jzYaf,aIKh lsrSu i#oyd luzgqjlao m;a
lrk ,o w;r tu luzgqj jziska ta ms<sn#o ksr\foaY bosrsm;a lrkq ,enqj;a th l%shd;aul fkdjZh'
1970 oS n,hg m;a rch jziska mia wjqre-q ie,eiaula hgf;a wmkhk ieliquA l,dm j,g iudk
jzfoaYsh wdfhdaclhska osrs.ekajZfuA l%uhla fhdackd lrkq ,enqj;a tjlg izgz jdudxYsl mCI j,
n,mEu ksid tu fhdackd l%shd;aul fkdjZh'

Y%S ,xldfjA wmkhk ieliquA l,dm

1977 ka miqj Y%S ,xldfjA jzjD; wdr\:zl m%;sma;sh hgf;a wmkhkhg fhduq jQ ldr\uZlrK
m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul lsrSu wdruAN l< w;r Y%S ,xldj ;=< wmkhk ieliquA l,dm msysgqjZfuA
kS;suh moku 1978 wxl 4 ork uyfld<U wdr\:zl flduzIka iNd mk; hgf;a bosrsm;a l<
w;r fuu mk; hgf;a uy fld<U wdr\:zl flduzIu mzyzgqjk ,oS' Y%S ,xldfjA wmkhk ieliquA
l,dm j, mrsmd,k wOzldrsh jYfhka uy fld<U wdr\:zl flduzIu l%shd;aul jQ w;r 1977 g
fmr izg l%shd;aul jQ foaYSh wdfhdack WmfoaYl luzgqfjA l%shdldrZ;ajh o uyfld<U wdr\:zl
flduzIu hg;g m;a jzh' 1992 oS foaYSh iy jzfoaYSh mqoa.,sl wdfhdack jr\Okh lsrSu iy ta
iuAnkaOj wjYH ;SrK .ekSu i#oyd uy fld<U wdr\:zl flduzIu iy jzfoaYsh wdfhdack
WmfoaYl luzgqj hk wdh;k fol iuAnkaO lr Y%S ,xld wdfhdack uKav,h msysgqjk ,oS' Y%S
,xldj ;=< wmkhk ieliquA l,dm msysgqjZu ;=<ska bgq lr .ekSug n,dfmdfrd;a;= jQ m%Odk
wruqKq lSmhls' tkuA"

1' ixjr\Okh i#oyd wjYH jk jzfoaYSh mqoa.,sl m%d.aOkh rg ;=<g ,nd .ekSu'
2' ixjr\Okhg wjYH kjZk jzoHd;aul ;dCIKh rg ;=<g ,nd .ekSu'
3' fiajd kshqla;sh jevz lr .ekSu'
4' wmkhk bmehquA by< kxjd .ekSu'
5' Y%S ,xldj ;=< wmkhkhg fhduq jQ ldr\uzl wxYh ixjr\Okh lsrSu ;=<ska ldr\uzl wxYh
ixjr\Okh lr .ekSu hk wruqKq bgq lr .ekSug nmdfmdfrd;a;= jzh'

by; wruqKq bgq lr .ekSu i#oyd Y%S ,xldj ;=< msysgqjk wmkhk ieliquA l,dm j,
wkqu; lrkq ,nk wdfhdack jr\. 4 ls'

1' ishhg 100 lau jzfoaYSh mqoa.,sl wdfhdack'

2' ishhg 100 lau foaYh
S mqoa.,sl wdfhdack'
 3' ishhg 50 lg jvd jevz jzfoaYZh mqoa.,sl wdfhdackiyb;srsh foaYShmqoa.,slwdfhdack'
4' ishhg 50 lg jevz foaYZh mqoa.,sl wdfhdack iy b;srsh jzfoaYSh mqoa.,sl wdfhdack"
jYfhks'

fujeks mqoa.,sl wdfhdackhkaf.ka hqla; lr\udka; wdruAN lsrSu i#oyd msysgqjd we;s
wmkhk ieliquA l,dm iy lr\udka;mqr j,g jzfoaYSh iy foaYSh mqoa.,sl wdfhdack iuAnkaO
lr .ekSu i#oyd 1978 ka miqj uy fld<U wdr\:zl flduzIu hgf;a iy 1992 ka miqj Y%S ,xld
wdfhdack uKav,h hgf;a mqoa.,sl wxYhg wjYH idkqn, jzYd, jYfhka imhd we;'

1977 ka miqj wdkhk ksoyia lsrSu" mdfjk jzksuh wkqmd; l%uh mj;ajdf.k hdu"
jzfoaYSh nexl= YdLdjka msysgqjd tf;r nexl= lghq;= ixjr\Okh lsrSu" jzfoaYsh jzksuh Ndjz;h
iuAnkaOfhka mej;s iZudjka bj;a lsrSu" jD;a;Sh iuz;s md,kh lsrSu" mqoa.,sl wxYhg wjYH
n-q iyk iy n-q jzrdu imhd oSu" nexl= Kh myiqluA imhd oSu" ksIamdok iykdOdr imhd oSu"
n-q iyk ld,h ;=< jzfoaYsh fiajlhskaf.ka n-q wh fkdlsrSu" jzfoaYSh mqoa.,sl wxYfha ,dN
iy ,dNdxY ujA rgj,a j,g f.k hdug myiqluA ,nd oSu" hka;%iQ;% iy wuq -%jH i#oyd ;Sren-q
fkdue;sj wdkhkh lr .ekSug bv i,id oSu" wmkhk n-q iyk iy jzrdu iemhSu" wmkhk
ixjr\Ok uKav,h iy wmkhk Kh rCIK ixia:dj jeks wdh;ksluh myiqluA imhd oSu"
uyd udr\." -quArsh udr\." jrdh" .=jkaf;dgqm," jz-q,sn,h" c, iuAmdokh" mKzjzv yqjudrej jeks
hgz;, myiqluA imhd oSu i#oyd rch jzYd, jYfhka jzhouA lsrSu" wmkhk ieliquA l,dm ;=<
wjYH hgz;, myiqluA ,nd oSu" jzfoaYSh jHjydr uqo,a nexl= tall u.ska wmkhk ieliquA
l,dm j, wdfhdaclhskag jzfoaYSh Kh ,nd .ekSfuA myiqluA imhd oSu jeks idkq n, foaYSh
iy jzfoaYSh mqoa.,sl wxYhg imhd we;' ta yereKq jzg jzfoaYSh fj<#ofmd, jr\Okh lr .ekSu
i#oyd myiqluA iemhZu" oajzmdr\Yjzl iy nyqmdr\Yjzl fj<#o .sjziquA u.ska wmkhk m%jr\Okh
iy wdkhk i#oyd myiqluA imhd oZu" Y%S ,xldfjA jzfoaYSh mqoa.,sl wdfhdack iuAnkaOfhka
mj;sk ys;lr jd;djrKh ms<sn#o jzfoaYSh rgj, m%pdrKhka meje;ajZu iy jzfoaYSh rgj,
fj<#o m%or\Yk meje;ajZu jeks idkq n,hka imhkq ,efnA' ta yereKq jzg Y%S ,xld wdfhdack
uKav,h" wmkhk ixjr\Ok uKav,h iy wmkhk Kh rCIK ixia:dj hk wdh;k yereKq
jzg lr\udka; jzoHd yd ;dCIK lghq;= wud;HxYh" .%duZh lr\udka; ixjr\Ok wud;HxYh"
ldr\uzl ixjr\Ok uKav,h" ,xld jzoHd;aul yd ldr\uzl mr\fhaIK wdh;kh" cd;sl weiqreuA
uOHia:dkh" uOHu kejAnvq ldr\hxYh" kd.rsl ixjr\Ok wOzldrzh" Y%S ,xld jHdmdr ixjr\Ok
uOHia:dkh" f,dal fj<#o uOHia:dkh jeks wdh;k iy mqoa.,sl jHjidhlhskaf.a ix.uA
wmkhk ieliquA l,dm ldr\uzl ckmo iy lr\udka;mqr j, ixjr\Okh i#oyd wjYH Wmfoia
iy myiqluA imhkq ,nhs'

by; wdldrhg myiqluA iy idkq n,hka imhd oSu hgf;a Y%S ,xldfjA m%:u wmkhk
ieliquA l,dmh jk lgqkdhl wmkhk ieliquA l,dmh 1978 oS wdruAN lrk ,oS' 1989 oS Y%S
,xldfjA fojk wmkhk ieliquA l,dmh nzh.u;a 1991 oS fld.a., wmkhk ieliquA l,dmh;a
1996 oS uykqjr wmkhk ieliquA l,dmh;a" 1998 oS uZrz.u wmkhk ieliquA l,dmh;a 1999 oS
j;=msgzj," udj;.u" fmd,a.yfj, iy fydrK wmkhk ieliquA l,dm;a wdruAN lrk ,oS'
;j-qrg;a wmkhk ieliquA l,dm jHdma; lsrSu i#oyd wjYH jk Wmfoia iy osrs.ekajZuA imhd
oSu i#oyd Y%S ,xld wdfhdack uKav,h ;%sl=Kdu,h"uykqjr" l=reKE., iy .d,a, hk m%foaY
j, m%dfoaYSh wdr\:zl ixjr\Ok ldr\hd, msysgqjd we;' 1994 wjikdh jk jzg lgqkdhl" nzh.u
iy fld.a., wmkhk ieliquA l,dm j, hgz;, myiqluA imhd oSu i#oyd rch jziska re'o',
1450 lg wdikak uqo,a m%udKhla jzhouA lr we;' (Economic Review, 1994)
 1978 oS uy fld<U wdr\:zl flduziu jziska re'o', 1624 l wdfhdackhkaf.aka hqla;
lr\udka; 52 lg wkque;sh fokq ,enQ w;r thska wdh;k 32 la frosms<s iy we#.#:uA ksIamdok
lr\udka; jzh' 1978 oS wkqu; l, uq#: wdfhdaclhskaf.ka ishhg 74 la jzfoaYSh wdfhdack jzh'
wkqu; lrkq ,enQ wdh;k 52 u.ska 26495 lg /lshd iemhSug n,dfmdfrd;a;= jzh' (Central
Bank of Sri Lanka, 1978) 1979 wjidkh jk jzg lgqkdhl wmkhk ieliquA l,dmh ;=<
lr\udka; 13 la ksIamdok lghq;= j, ksr;j isgz w;r ;j;a lr\udka;Yd,d 23 l bosrslsrSuA
lghq;= is-qflfruzka ;snqKs' ksIamodk lghq;= wdruAN lr ;snQ lr\udka;Yd,d 13 ka 9 la u uid
ksu l< we#-quA lr\udka;hkah' fuu lr\udka; 13 i#oyd uq#: wdfhdackh re'o', 196 la jQ w;r
thska 1$3 jvd jevz m%udKhla jzfoaYSh wdfhdack jzh' 1979 wjidkh jk jzg lgqkdhl
wmkhk ieliquA l,dmh ;=< 5884 fofkl=g /lshd ,enZ ;snqKq w;r tu l,dmfha ksIamdok
lghq;= ;=<ska re'o', 152 l wmkhk bmehquA jr\Okh jZ ;snqKs' (Central Bank of Sri Lanka,
1979) fuA wdldrfha jr\Okhla fmkakquA lr uzka lgqkdhl wmkhk ieliquA l,dmfha lghq;=
jr\Okh jQ w;r nzhu. iy fld.a., wmkhk ieliquA l,dm msysgqjZfuka miqj wmkhk
ieliquA l,dm j, wdfhdack wmkhk bmehquA iy fiajd kshqla;sh jr\Okh jZula is-q jZ we;'

wxl 1 j.=j
wmkhk ieliquA l,dm j, l%shdldrS;ajh
1996 wjidkh jk jzg

jr\.h lgqkdhl nzh.u fld.a., tl;=j

lr\udka; m%udKh 92 45 11 148
uq#: wdfhdack re'o', 9814 5646 2584 15714
jzfoaYSh wdfhdack re'o', 8472 4815 156 13443
foaYSh wdfhdack re'o', 1342 831 98 2271
wmkhk bmehquA re'o', 19863 6016 641 26251
fiajd kshqla;sh 58308 22160 5714 86182
uQ,dY%h : Central Bank of Sri Lanka ,

wxl 1 j.=jg wkqj 1986 oS msysgjQ nzh.u wmkhk ieliquA l,dmfha 1996 jk jzg
lr\udka; 45 la wdruAN fldg we;s w;r 1991 oS msysgjQ fld.a., wmkhk ieliquA l,dmfha 1996
jk jzg lr\udka; 11 l ksIamdok lghq;= wdruAN fldg ;snqKs' ta wkqj m%Odk wmkhk ieliquA
l,dm ;=fkys 1996 wjidkh jk jzg lr\udka; 148 la ksIamdok lghq;= wdruAN fldg ;snQ w;r
tu lr\udka; j,ska wmkhk bmehquA re'o', 26251 l muK m%udKhla Wmhd f.k we;s w;r
wmkhk ieliquA l,dm j, fiajd kshqla;sh 86182 olajd jevzjZ ;snqKs'

1992 oS Y%S ,xl wdfhdack uKav,h msysgqjZfuka miqj we#.#MuA lr\udka; 200 msysgqjZfuA
jevms<sfj, o wdfhdack uKav,h hg;g m;a lrk ,oS' 1996 wjidkh jk jzg Y%S ,xldfjA
wdfhdack uKav,h jziska lr\udka; 1958 lg wkque;sh oS ;snQ w;r thska 1531 lg wkque;sh oS
we;af;a 1992 ka miqjh' 1996 wjidkh jk jzg wdh;k 1277 la .sjziquA j,g w;aika lr ;snQ
w;r lr\udka; 710 ksIamodk lghq;= wdruAN lr ;snqKs' fuu lr\udka; 710 uq#: wdfhdackh
re'o', 91622 la jk w;r thska re'o', 60597 la tkuA 67% la jzfoaYh S wdfhdack jzh' 1996
wjidkh jk jzg wdfhdack uKav,h hgf;a lr\udka; j, fiajd kshqla;sh 241970 olajd jevz
jZ ;snQ w;r tu lr\udka; j,ska wmkhk bmehquA re'o', 133483 olajd jr\Okh lrf.k ;snqKs'

wxl 2 j.=j
Y%S ,xldfjA wdfhdack uKav,fha l%shdldrS;ajh
2005 wjidkh jk jzg

jr\.h m%udKh

lr\udka; m%udKh 1871

uq#M wdfhdack re'o', 380129

foaYSh wdfhdack re'o', 146607

fiajd kshqla;h 410851

wmkhk bmehquA re'o', 366605

^2003 wjika jk jzg&
uQ,dY%h : Central Bank of Sri Lanka

wxl 2 j.=jg wkqj Y%S ,xld wdfhdack uKav,h hgf;a l%shd;aul jk lr\udka;
m%udKh 2005 jk jzg 1871 olajd jevzjZ we;s w;r fuu lr\udka; j, uq#: wdfhdack 61% l
muK m%udKhla jzfoaYSh wdfhdack jk w;r foaYSh wdfhdack ishhg 39 la muK fjA' fuu
lr\udka; j, fiajd kshqla;sh 2005 wjidkh jk jzg 410851 olajd jevzjZ we;' 2003 wjidkh
jk jzg wdfhdack uKav,h hgf;a we;s lr\udka; j,ska wmkhk bmehquA re'o', 366605 olajd
jevzlrf.k we;'

by; wdldrhg Y%S ,xldfjA wdfhdack uKav,h iy wmkhk ieliquA l,dm j,

wdfhdackh" fiajd kshqla;sh iy wmkhk bmehquA jr\Okh jZula is-qjZ we;s w;r wdfhdack
uKav,h hgf;a iy wmkhk ieliquA l,dm j, msysgqjd we;s lr\udka; jkqfha wdydr mdk
jr\. iy -quAfld< ksIamdok" frossmz<s ksIamdok" lvodis iy iuA ksIamdok" oej yd oej ksIamdok"
lvodis iy iuA ksIamdok" ridhk -%jH" LKsc f;,a" rnr\ iy rnr\ ksIamdok" f,day fkdjk
LKzc ksIamdok" uQ,sl f,day ksIamdok" hka;%iQ;% iy m%jdyk WmlrK hk lr\udka; jeo.;a
jk w;r lr\udka; jevz m%;sY;hla frosms<s yd we#.#:uA lr\udka; fjA' uE; ld,Sk jYfhka jz-q,s
ixfoaY" m%jdyk iy ksuejquA lr\udka; j, wdfhdack jr\Okh jZula is-qjZ we;s w;r foam<
fj<#oduA lghq;=" ikakzfjAok lghq;=" fydag,a iy wdmkYd,d" jHdmdrsl ia:dk jeks wxY j,o
wdfhdackh jr\Okh fjuzka mj;S'

wd¾Ól n,mEu

1977 ka miqj Y%S ,xldfjA wmkhk ieliquA l,dm msysgqjZu jHdma;jZu;a Y%S ,xld
wdfhdack uKav,h hgf;a wmkhk ieliquA l,dm j,ska msg; m%foaY j, lr\udka; msysgqjZu;a
ksid Y%S ,xldj ;=< uyd udr\." -quArsh udr\." jrdh" .=jkaf;dgqm," jz-q,sn,h" c,iuAmdokh"
mKsjzv yqjudrej hk hgz;, myiqluA huA m%udKhlska oshqKq jZ we;s w;r nexl= lghq;=" rCIK
lghq;=" m%jdyk lghq;= iy wfkl=;a fiajd wxY j, huA jr\Okhla is-qjZ we;' Y%S ,xldfjA
wmkhk ieliquA l,dm j, l%shdldrZ;ajh ;=<ska o< cd;sl ksIamdos;hg ldr\uzl wxYfhka izÿ
jk odhl;ajh jevzjZula is-qjZ we;s kuq;a wmkhk ieliquA lr\udka; j, wdkhksl wuq-%jH
iy hka;%iQ;% Ndjz;h by< ugAul mej;Su ksid tu lr\udka; j,ska foaYSh ksIamodkhg tl;=
jk w.h idfmaCIj wvq ugAgul mj;S' tfukau wmkhk ieliquA l,dm j, l%shdldrS;ajh
;=<ska Y%S ,xldfjA o< wmkhk bmehquA jr\Okh jZula is-qjqj;a wmkhk ieliquA l,dm j,
lr\udka; wdkhksl wuq-%jH iy hka;%iQ;% Ndjz;h ksid tu lr\udka; j, Y=oaO wmkhk bmehquA
mj;skqfha 40% muK m%udKhls' wmkhk ieliquA l,dm j, lr\udka; msysgqjZfuA oS wka;r\
iuAnkaOZlrKhla we;s jk wdldrhg lr\udka; jHdma; fkdjZu ksid Y%S ,xldjgA fmr
iuAnkaO;djkaf.a iy miq iuAnkaO;djkaf.a jdis ,nd .ekSug fkdyels jZ we;' Y%S ,xldfjA
wmkhk ieliquA l,dm ;=<;a bka mzg; m%foaY j,;a msysgqjd we;s lr\udka; j, ksIamdok huA
m%udKhla kS;s jsfrdaOZ f,i foaYSh fj<#ofmd,g bosrsm;a lsrSu ksid;a jzfoaYSh NdKav rg;=<g
.,d tau;a ksid Y%S ,xldfjA mej;s <ore lr\udka; lSmhla nz#o jegZu ksid fiajd jzhqla;s
;;a;ajhla nzyzjzh' tfukau Y%S ,xldj ;=< we;s jQ jev jr\ck iy Woaf>daIK ksid huA
m%udKhlg /lshd wysuz jzh' tfukau wmkhk ieliquA l,dm ;=< msysgjQ <ore lr\udka;
lSmhla jid oeuZu ksid;a fiajd jzhqla;hla nzyz jzh' ta wkqj wmkhk ieliquA l,dm iy
wdfhdack uKav,h hgf;a Y=oaO jYfhka fiajd kshqla;sh fldmuKska jevzjQjdo hkak
ksYapz;ju oelajzh fkdyel'

Y%S ,xldfjA wmkhk ieliquA l,dm ;=< iy bka msg; m%foaY j, mqoa.,sl wxYh hgf;a
lr\udka; j, fiajd kshqla;shlhska 90 lg jvd jevz m%duKhla ldka;djkah' ta wkqj 1977
kamiqj Y%s ,xldfjA Y%u fj<#ofmdf,a ldka;d Y%u iemhqu jevzjZ we;s w;r ldka;djka i#oyd Y%u
b,a,quo jevzjZ we;' tfia jqj;a fiajhg n#ojd .ekSfuAoS kqmqyqKq iy wr\O mqyqKq fiajlhska
n#ojd .ekSu iy wkshuA moku hgf;a fiajlhska n#ojd .ekSu ksid;a wmkhk ieliquA l,dm
j, fiajd kshqla;slhskag oevz fldkafoais hgf;a fiajd kshqla; jZug is -q jZu;a" fiajd
kshqla;slhskag lr\udka; j, ixjzOdkh jZfuA whs;sh iy jD;a;Sh iuz;s msyg s qjd .ekSfuA
yelshdjka fkdue;s jZu;a rdcH wxYfha fiajlhskag mj;sk whs;sjdisluA fm!oa.,sl wxYfha
fiajlhskag fkdue;s jZu;a ksid wmkhk ieliquA l,dm j, fiajlhskag m%udKj;a jegqmla"
m%udKj;a w;sld, oSukdjla iy m%ido oSukdjla fkd,efnk w;r fiajd kshqla;sfha
wia:djrNdjhlao mj;S' ta yereKq jzg wmkhk ieliquA l,dm ;=< mj;sk lr\udka; j, fiajl
iqNidOkho my;a ugAgul mj;S' tu lr\udka; j, fiajlhska i#oyd ffjoH myiqluA" m%jdyk
myiqluA" fkajdisl myiqluA fjk;a iqNidOk myiqluA m%duKj;a ugAgul fkdmj;S' fuu
;;a;ajh ksid wmkhk ieliquA l,dm j, Y%uzlhskaf.a Y%uM,odj idfmaCIj wvq ugAgul
mj;sk w;r Y%uzlhskaf.a fi!LH ;;a;ajh iy fmdaIK ;;a;ajho idfmaCIj my;a ugAgul
mj;S'

Y%S ,xldfjA wmkhk ieliquA l,dm wjg m%foaY j,;aa wdfhdack uKav,h hgf;a
lr\udka; msysgqjd we;s m%foaY j,;a bvuA uz," f.j,a l=<S uz, iy fkdfhla NdKav j, uz,
wfkl=;a m%foaY j,g idfmaCIj by< ugAgul mj;sk ksid tu m%foaY j, ck;djf.a cSjk
jzhou flfrys wys;lr n,mEuA t,a,jZ we;' ta yereKq jzg wmkhk ieliquA l,dm j,
lr\udka; ;=<ska is-qjk mrsir ydksh ksid oerZug is-qjk iudcSh msrsjeh mqoa.,sl wxYh
ie,ls,a,g fkd.ekZu ksid rchg iudcSh msrsjehla oerSug is-qjZ we;' wmkhk ieliquA l,dm
wdY%S; m%foaY j, u;a-%jH cdjdru" .Ksld jD;a;sh" fidrluA iy wmrdO wdosh jHdma; jZ we;s
w;r tu ;;a;ajh Y%S ,xldfjA ixialD;sh iy idrOr\u flfrys wys;lr f,i n,md we;'
wmkhk ieliquA l,dm msysgqjZu u.ska Y%S ,xldfjA ixjr\Okhg wjYH jzfoaYSh mqoa.,sl
wdfhdack ,nd .ekSu;a jzoHd;aul ;dCIKh ,dnd .ekSu;a hk wruqKq bgq lr .ekSug
n,dfmdfrd;a;= jQ w;r Y%S ,xldfjA wmkhk ieliquA l,dm ;=<;a wdfhdack uKav,h hgf;a
wmkhk ieliquA l,dm j,ska msg; m%foaY j,;a jzfoaYSh mqoa.,sl wxYh ;u m%d.aOkh wdfhdack
lr we;s w;r wdfhdack uKav,h hgf;a uq#: wdfhdackfhka ishhg 60 la muK jzfoaYSh
wdfhdack fjA' tfia jqj;a Y%S ,xldjg wfmaCId l< wdldrhg jzYd, m%udKfhka jzfoaYSh
wdfhdack ,nd .ekSug yelsjZ fkdue;' 1983 ka miqj Y%S ,xldfjA idulduZ mrsirh wvq ugAgul
mej;Su ta i#oyd n,md we;s tla fya;=jla jk w;r foaYSh mqoa.,sl m%d.aOkh jzYd, jYfhka
jr\Okh fkdjZu wfkla fya;=jhs' ta yereKq jzg Y%S ,xldj ;=< ksjdvq osk .Kk jevz jZu" iudc
wdr\:zl hgz;, myiqluA m%duKj;a fkdjZu" luAlre wdrjq,a mej;Su" Y%uM,odhS;dj idfmaCIu
wvq ugAgul mej;Su" mqyqKq Y%uh ys#.jZu" ksIamdok msrsjeh idfmaCIj by< ugAgul mej;Su
jeks fya;= jzYd, mrsudKj jzfoaYSh mqoa.,sl wdfhdack ,nd .ekSu flfrys ixfrdaOlhka
jYfhka mj;S' fuu ;;a;ajh ksid Y%S ,xldfjA wmkhk ieliquA l,dm ;=< uyd mrsudK
hka;%iQ;% ksIamdokh lrk ner lr\udka; j, wdfhdack wvq ugAgul mj;S' tksidu wmkhk
ieliquA l,dm msyg s qjZu u.ska Y%S ,xldjg wjYH jk uydmrsudK hka;%iQ;% ksIamdokh lrk ner
;dCIKh jzzfoaYSh rgj,ska ,nd .ekSug yelsjZ fkdue;'

Y%S ,xldfjA wmkhk ieliquA l,dm ;=<;a bka msg; m%foaY j,;a msyg s qjd we;s jzfoaYSh
mqoa.,sl wdfhdaclhska jzfoaYSh nyqcd;sl iud.uA iy mrfoaYdka;r iud.uA j, YdLdjkah' fuu
jzfoaYsh iud.uA jziska Y%S ,xldfjA foaYmd,k iudc wdr\:zl lghq;= j,g lrkq ,nk n,mEu
;=<ska 1977 ka miqj Y%S ,xldjg nyqcd;sl iud.uA iy mrfoaYdka;r iud.uA j, n,mEug uqyqK
oSug is-qjZ we;' tfukau jzfoaYSh mqoa.,sl wdfhdaclhska jziska Wmhk ,dN iy ,dNdxY ujA
rgj,g f.khdu ksid Y%S ,xldfjA f.jquA fYaIfha m%d.aOk .,dhduA m%udKh jevzjZ we;' ta
yreKq jzg jzfoaYSh mqoa.,sl wxYfha lr\udka; lSmhla jid oeuZu ksid tu lr\udka; j,
fiajdkshqla;slag wiykldrS ;;a;ajhlg uqyqK oSug is-qjZ we;s w;r ta ;=<ska rchg msrsjehla
oerZug iz-qjZ we;' f,dalfha wmkhk ieliquA l,dm ;=< wdfhdack lr we;s nyqcd;sl iud.uA
iy mrfoaYdka;r iud.uA jziska cd;Hka;r mrsudKj Y%u jzNdckhla is-qlsrSu ;=<ska NdKav
ksIamdokh lr wmkhkh lsrSu u.ska cd;Hka;r mrzudKj iuAm;a iqrd lEula is-qlrkq ,enhs'
fuu ;;a;ajh hgf;a kj hg;ajzcs;jdos iuAm;a iQrd lEug Y%S ,xldjo f.d-qre jZ we;'

wmkhk ieliquA l,dm ;=<g jzfoaYSh iy foaYSh mqoa.,sl wdfhdack weo .ekSu i#oyd
rch jziska mqoa.,sl wxYhg wjYH wfkl=;a idkq n,hka iemhSu" Y%S ,xldfjA mqoa.,sl wdfhdack
ms<sn#o mj;sk ys;lr jd;jrKh ms<sn#o jzfoaYSh rgj, m% pdrKhka meje;ajZu" mqoa.,sl wxYhg
wjYH jk wdldrhg iudc wdr\:zl hgz;, myiqluA imhdoSu" mqoa.,sl wxYfha lr\udka; lSmhla
jid oeuZu jeks fya;= ksid rchg msrsjehla oerSug is -qjZu" mqoa.,sl wxYfha lr\udka; j,ska is-
qjk mrsir ydksh wju lsrSu i#oyd rchg msrsjehla oerZug is-qjZu jeks ;;a;ajhka hgf;a
wmkhk ieliquA l,dm msysgqjZu iy mqoa.,sl wdfhdack jr\Okh lsrSu i#oyd rchg jzYd,
msrsjehla oerZug is-qjZ we;' by; ;;a;ajhka hgf;a 1977 ka miqj Y%S ,xldfjA wmkhk ieliquA
l,dm iy wdfhdack uKav,fha l%shdldrS;ajh ;=<ska oerSug is-qjZ we;s iDcq yd jl% msrsjeh;a
,enZ we;s iDcq yd jl% m%;s,dN;a ksjerosj ;dlafiare l< yelskuA orkq ,nk msrsjehg m%udKj;a
m%;s,dN ,enZ fkdue;s nj ks.ukh l< yelsfjA'
 wdY%s; .%ka:

Abeyratne, S., (1993) Anti-Export Bias in the Export-Oriented Economy of Sri Lanka,
Amsterdam, VU University Press.

Abeyratne, S., (1998) Economic Change and Political Conflict in Developing Countries With
Special Reference to Sri Lanka, Amsterdam, VU University Press.

Athukorala, P. and Rajapathirana, S., (2000) Liberalization and Industrial Transformation : Sri
Lanka in International Perspective, Oxford, Oxford University Press.

Central Bank of Sri Lanka, Annual Reports, (Various Years) Central Bank of Sri Lanka.

Cooksey, B., (1981), Source Book on Foreign Trade Zone, Free Zone Authority Ltd, London.

Lakshman, W.D., (1995) Domestic and External Influences on Economic Policy - Making ; The
Sri Lankan Experience - Working Paper No GE 9501, August 1995, University of Colombo.

People`s Bank, Economic Review (Various Volumes), Research Department, People`s Bank,
Colombo.

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