FORMULA SHEET CHE 2422

Conversion Factors, Useful Data, Equations and Charts

1 ft = 12 in 1 in = 25.4 mm = 2.54 cm 1 m = 1000 mm 1 mm = 1000 μm

2 5
1 hp = 0.7457 kW 1 atm = 101325 Pa (N/m ) 1 bar = 1 x 10 Pa 1 ppm = 10-6
R = 8314.34 J/kg mol K Average Molecular weight of air = 28.97

4
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 = 𝜋 𝑟3 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑐𝑦𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟 = 𝜋 𝑟 2 ℎ
3
𝑆𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 = 4𝜋 𝑟 2 𝑆𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑐𝑦𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟 = 2𝜋 𝑟 2 + 2𝜋 𝑟ℎ

𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒 = 𝜋 𝑟 2

𝑃 1 1
1. Mechanical size reduction. Bond’s final equation 𝑇
= 1.46 𝐸𝑖 ( − )
√𝐷𝑃 √𝐷𝐹

2. Packed and fluidization process

𝑣0 2 𝜋 𝐷𝑃2 6 1 𝐷𝑃 𝑣 ′ 𝜌 1 𝐷𝑃 𝐺 ′
𝐹𝐷 = 𝐶𝐷 𝜌𝐴𝑃 𝑎𝑣 = = 𝑁𝑅𝑒 = =
2 1 3 𝐷𝑃 (1 − 𝜀) 𝜇 (1 − 𝜀) 𝜇
6 𝜋 𝐷𝑃
6 6
𝑎 = 𝑎𝑣 (1 − 𝜀) = (1 − 𝜀) 𝐷𝑃 (𝑚) = ∆𝑝 = 𝐿𝑚𝑓 (1 − 𝜀𝑚𝑓 )(𝜌𝑝 − 𝜌)𝑔
𝐷𝑃 𝑎𝑣

1.75(𝑁𝑅𝑒,𝑚𝑓 )2 150(1−𝜀𝑚𝑓 )𝑁𝑟𝑒,𝑚𝑓 𝐷𝑃3 𝜌(𝜌𝑃 −𝜌)𝑔

L1 A (1 - ε1) = L2 A (1 - ε2) 3 + 3 − =0
𝜙𝑆 𝜀𝑚𝑓 𝜙𝑆2 𝜀𝑚𝑓 𝜇2

∆𝑝 150 𝜇 𝑣 ′ (1 − 𝜀)2 1.75 𝜌 (𝑣 ′ )2 (1 − 𝜀) ∆𝑝 𝜌 𝐷𝑃 𝜀 3 150

= + = + 1.75
𝐿 𝜙𝑃2 𝐷𝑃2 𝜀3 𝜙𝑠 𝐷𝑃 𝜀3 ′ 2
(𝐺 ) ∆𝐿 (1 − 𝜀) 𝑁𝑅𝑒

D p2  p   g s2 3
v' 
150  1 

3. Filtration.

𝑡 𝐾𝑝 𝑉 𝜇𝛼𝑐𝑠 𝜇𝑅𝑚
= +𝐵 𝐾𝑝 = 2 𝐵=
𝑉 2 𝐴 (−∆𝑝) 𝐴 (−∆𝑝)

4. Settling and sedimentation.

For sphere particle

For Transitional flow, For turbulent flow,
Laminar flow, 24 3
24 𝐶𝐷 = + 0.5 + 0.34 Re ˃ 104 CD = 0.40
Re ˂ 1, 𝐶𝐷 = 𝑅𝑒 𝑅𝑒
𝑅𝑒

Formula Sheet CHE 2422 1

 4 (𝜌𝑠 − 𝜌𝑓 ) 𝑑 𝑔 The volume of sedimentation tank Length of sedimentation tank =
𝑉𝑡2 = 3 𝐶𝐷 𝜌𝑓 = Liquid treated × detention time Velocity of flow × Detention time.
Surface area of the tank = Flowrate / Surface loading rate

5. Ion Exchange process.

Ca = 40 Mg = 24 S =32 Cl =35.5
C = 12 O = 16 Na =23 H=1

Average Work Indices (Ei) for Various Materials

Work Work Work

Material Material Material
index index index

Andesite 22.13 Gravel 25.17 Pyrite ore 8.90

Barite 6.24 Gypsum rock 8.16 Quartz 12.77

Bauxite 9.45 Ilmenite 13.11 Sandstone 11.53

Cement clinker 13.49 Iron ore 15.44 Shale 16.40

Clay 7.10 Hematite 12.68 Silica 13.53

Coal 11.37 Hematite—specular 15.40 Silica sand 16.46

Coke 20.70 Limanite 8.45 Silicon carbide 26.17

Copper ore 13.13 Magnetite 10.21 Slag 15.76

Dolomite 11.31 Lead ore 11.40 Slag, iron blast furnace 12.16

Feldspar 11.67 Limestone for cement 10.18 Sodium silicate 13.00

Fluorspar 9.76 Mica 134.50 Tile 15.53

Garnet 12.37 Nickel ore 11.88 Tin ore 10.81

Glass 3.08 Oil shale 18.10 Titanium ore 11.88

Gold ore 14.83 Phosphate rock 10.13 Trap rock 21.10

Granite 14.39 Potash ore 8.88 Uranium ore 17.93

Graphite 45.03 Potash salt 8.23 Zinc ore 12.42

Formula Sheet CHE 2422 2

Formula Sheet CHE 2422 3
Formula Sheet CHE 2422 4
Formula Sheet CHE 2422 5