Ejemplo 4:

Si 𝑦 = (3𝑥 − 7)−6 . (4𝑥 + 2) entonces y’ = ?

𝒅 𝑑 𝑑
𝑦′ = [(𝟑𝒙 − 𝟕)−𝟔 . (𝟒𝒙 + 𝟐)] = (3𝑥 − 7)−6 (4𝑥 + 2) + (4𝑥 + 2) (3𝑥 − 7)−6
𝒅𝒙 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝐷𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒:

𝑑 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
(4𝑥 + 2) = (4𝑥) + (2) = 4 (𝑥) + (2) = 4(1) + 0 = 4
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑 𝒅 𝑑 𝑑
(𝟑𝒙 − 𝟕)−𝟔 = −6(3𝑥 − 7)−7 (𝟑𝒙 − 𝟕) = −6(3𝑥 − 7)−7 [ (3𝑥) − (7)]
𝑑𝑥 𝒅𝒙 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑 𝑑
= −6(3𝑥 − 7)−7 [3 (𝑥) − (7)]
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

= −6(3𝑥 − 7)−7 [3(1) − 0] = −6(3𝑥 − 7)−7 [3] = −18(3𝑥 − 7)−7

Por tanto:

𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
𝑦′ = [(3𝑥 − 7)−6 . (4𝑥 + 2)] = (3𝑥 − 7)−6 (4𝑥 + 2) + (4𝑥 + 2) (3𝑥 − 7)−6
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑦 ′ = (3𝑥 − 7)−6 (4) + (4𝑥 + 2)[−18(3𝑥 − 7)−7 ]

𝑦 ′ = 4(3𝑥 − 7)−6 − 18(4𝑥 + 2)(3𝑥 − 7)−7

Ejemplo 5

(4𝑥 + 2)
𝑦 = (3𝑥 − 7)−6 . (4𝑥 + 2) =
(3𝑥 − 7)6
𝑑 𝑑
(3𝑥 − 7)6 (4𝑥 + 2) − (4𝑥 + 2) (3𝑥 − 7)6
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑦′ =
[(3𝑥 − 7)6 ]2
Donde:

𝑑 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
(4𝑥 + 2) = (4𝑥) + (2) = 4 (𝑥) + (2) = 4(1) + 0 = 4
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
(3𝑥 − 7)6 = 6(3𝑥 − 7)5 (3𝑥 − 7) = 6(3𝑥 − 7)5 [ (3𝑥) − (7)]
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑 𝑑
=6(3𝑥 − 7)5 [3 (𝑥) − (7)] = 6(3𝑥 − 7)5 [3(1) − 0]
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

= 6(3𝑥 − 7)5 (3) = 18(3𝑥 − 7)5

Por tanto:

𝑑 𝑑
(3𝑥 − 7)6 (4𝑥 + 2) − (4𝑥 + 2) (3𝑥 − 7)6
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑦′ =
[(3𝑥 − 7)6 ]2

′
(3𝑥 − 7)6 (4) − (4𝑥 + 2)[18(3𝑥 − 7)5 ]
𝑦 =
(3𝑥 − 7)12
𝟒(𝟑𝒙−𝟕)𝟔 −𝟏𝟖(𝟒𝒙+𝟐)(𝟑𝒙−𝟕)𝟓
𝑦′ = (𝟑𝒙−𝟕)𝟏𝟐
𝟒(𝟑𝒙 − 𝟕)−𝟔 − 𝟏𝟖(𝟒𝒙 + 𝟐)(𝟑𝒙 − 𝟕)−𝟕

𝑦 ′ = {𝟒(𝟑𝒙 − 𝟕)𝟔 − 𝟏𝟖(𝟒𝒙 + 𝟐)(𝟑𝒙 − 𝟕)𝟓 }[(𝟑𝒙 − 𝟕)𝟏𝟐 ]

𝟒(𝟑𝒙 − 𝟕)𝟔 𝟏𝟖(𝟒𝒙 + 𝟐)(𝟑𝒙 − 𝟕)𝟓

𝑦′ =
(𝟑𝒙 − 𝟕)𝟏𝟐
−
(𝟑𝒙 − 𝟕)𝟏𝟐
= 𝟒(𝟑𝒙 − 𝟕)−𝟔 − 𝟏𝟖(𝟒𝒙 + 𝟐)(𝟑𝒙 − 𝟕)−𝟕

OBSERVACIÓN

𝟏𝟓𝒙𝟕 + 𝟖𝒙𝟒 − 𝟑𝟓𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏𝟏𝒙𝟗 − 𝟕𝒙𝟑 + 𝟑𝟕𝒙𝟏𝟏 = 𝒙𝟐 (15𝑥 5 + 8𝑥 2 − 35 + 11𝑥 7 − 7𝑥 + 37𝑥 9 )

7-2 = 5

𝟏𝟓𝒙−𝟕 + 𝟖𝒙−𝟒 − 𝟑𝟓𝒙−𝟐 + 𝟏𝟏𝒙−𝟗 − 𝟕𝒙−𝟑 + 𝟑𝟕𝒙−𝟏𝟏

= 𝒙−𝟏𝟏 (15𝑥 4 + 8𝑥 7 − 35𝑥 9 + 11𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 8 + 37)

-7 – (-11)= -7+11=4

-4 - (-11) = -4+11 = 7
EJERCICIOS

Determinar la derivada de las siguientes funciones:

1. 𝑦 = 4𝑥 5 − 8𝑥 3 + 11 𝑥 − 13

𝑑𝑦 𝑑
= 𝑦′ = (4𝑥 5 − 8𝑥 3 + 11 𝑥 − 13)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
= (4𝑥 5 ) − (8𝑥 3 ) + (11 𝑥) − (13)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑 5 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
𝑦′ = 4 (𝑥 ) − 8 (𝑥 3 ) + 11 (𝑥) − (13)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

y’ = 4(5𝑥 4 ) − 8(3𝑥 2 ) + 11(1) − 0

= 20𝑥 4 − 24𝑥 2 + 11

6
3 2 8 4
2. 𝑦 = − 𝑥 −7 + 𝑥 −11 + 𝑥3
5 9 3

𝑑 3 2 6 8 4 𝑑 3 𝑑 2 −6 𝑑 8 4
𝑦′ = (− 𝑥 −7 + 𝑥 −11 + 𝑥 3 ) = (− 𝑥 −7 ) + ( 𝑥 11 ) + ( 𝑥3 )
𝑑𝑥 5 9 3 𝑑𝑥 5 𝑑𝑥 9 𝑑𝑥 3

3 𝑑 −7 2 𝑑 −6 8 𝑑 4
𝑦′ = − (𝑥 ) + (𝑥 11 ) + (𝑥 3 )
5 𝑑𝑥 9 𝑑𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥

3 2 6 −17 8 4 1
𝑦 ′ = − (−7𝑥 −8 ) + (− 𝑥 11 ) + ( 𝑥 3 )
5 9 11 3 3

17
21 4 32
𝑦′ = 𝑥 −8 − 𝑥 − 11 + 𝑥 1/3 −
6
−1= −
6
−
11
=
−17
5 33 9 11 11 11 11

𝑥 4 +6𝑥 2 𝑁
3. 𝑦 = =
3𝑥−5 𝐷

𝑑 4 𝑑
(3𝑥 − 5). (𝑥 + 6𝑥 2 ) − (𝑥 4 + 6𝑥 2 ). (3𝑥 − 5)
𝑦′ = 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
(3𝑥 − 5)2

𝐷𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒
 𝑑 4 𝑑 4 𝑑
(𝑥 + 6𝑥 2 ) = (𝑥 ) + 6 (𝑥 2 ) = 4𝑥 3 + 6(2𝑥) = 4𝑥 3 + 12𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
(3𝑥 − 5) = 3 (𝑥) − (5) = 3(1) − 0 = 3
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Por tanto:

(3𝑥 − 5)(4𝑥 3 + 12𝑥) − (𝑥 4 + 6𝑥 2 )(3)

𝑦′ =
(3𝑥 − 5)2

12𝑥 4 + 36𝑥 2 − 20𝑥 3 − 60𝑥 − 3𝑥 4 − 18𝑥 2 9𝑥 4 + 18𝑥 2 − 20𝑥 3 − 60𝑥

𝑦′ = =
(3𝑥 − 5)2 (3𝑥 − 5)2

𝑑 𝑑
4. 𝑦 = (7𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 − 13)−5 (𝑢)𝑛 = 𝑛(𝑢)𝑛−1 (𝑢) ; 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑢 = 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝒅
𝑦 ′ = −5(7𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 − 13)−6 (𝟕𝒙𝟑 + 𝟑𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏𝟑)
𝒅𝒙

𝐷𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒

𝑑 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
(7𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 − 13) = (7𝑥 3 ) + (3𝑥 2 ) − (13)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑 3 𝑑 𝑑
=7 (𝑥 ) + 3 (𝑥 2 ) − (13)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

= 7(3𝑥 2 ) + 3(2𝑥) − 0 = 21𝑥 2 + 6𝑥

Por tanto:

𝑦 ′ = −5(7𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 − 13)−6 (21𝑥 2 + 6𝑥) = (7𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 − 13)−6 (−105𝑥 2 − 30𝑥)

OBSERVACIÓN

𝒅 𝒏
(𝒙 ) = 𝒏𝒙𝒏−𝟏
𝒅𝒙

𝑑
(3𝑥 4 ) = 12𝑥 3
𝑑𝑥
 𝑑
(−11𝑥 5 ) = −55𝑥 4
𝑑𝑥

𝑑 4
(2𝑥 2/5 ) = 𝑥 −3/5
𝑑𝑥 5

𝑑
(7𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 − 13) = 21𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − 0
𝑑𝑥

5. 𝑦 = (9𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 5)4 . (2𝑥 − 7) TAREA

𝒅 𝒅 𝒅
[𝒇(𝒙). 𝒈(𝒙)] = 𝒇(𝒙). (𝒈(𝒙)) + 𝒈(𝒙). (𝒇(𝒙))
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙

𝒅 𝒅 𝟒
𝑦 ′ = (9𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 5)4 (𝟐𝒙 − 𝟕) + (2𝑥 − 7) (𝟗𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟓)
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙

Donde:

𝒅 𝒅 𝒅 𝑑 𝑑
• (𝟐𝒙 − 𝟕) = (𝟐𝒙) − (𝟕) = 2 (𝑥) − (7) = 2(1) − 0 = 2
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝒅 𝟒 𝑑 𝑑
• (𝟗𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟓) (𝑢)𝑛 = 𝑛(𝑢)𝑛−1 (𝑢)
𝒅𝒙 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑
= 4(9𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 5)3 (9𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 5)
𝑑𝑥

𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
= 4(9𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 5)3 {9 (𝑥 2 ) + 3 (𝑥) − (5)}
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

= 4(9𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 5)3 {9(2𝑥) + 3(1) − 0)}

= 4(9𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 5)3 (18𝑥 + 3) = (9𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 5)3 (72𝑥 + 12)

Por tanto

𝑦 ′ = (9𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 5)4 (𝟐) + (2𝑥 − 7)(9𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 5)3 (72𝑥 + 12)

𝑦 ′ = (9𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 5)3 [(9𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 5)(2) + (2𝑥 − 7)(72𝑥 + 12)]

𝑦 ′ = (9𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 5)3 [18𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − 10 + 144𝑥 2 + 24𝑥 − 504𝑥 − 84]

𝑦 ′ = (9𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 5)3 (162𝑥 2 − 474𝑥 − 94)

 𝑑 𝑑
6. 𝑦 = √(𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 − 5)7 = (𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 − 5)7/2 (TAREA) (𝑢)𝑛 = 𝑛(𝑢)𝑛−1 (𝑢)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

7 3 5 𝑑
𝑦′ = (𝑥 + 3𝑥 2 − 5)2 (𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 − 5)
2 𝑑𝑥

7 3 5 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
𝑦′ = (𝑥 + 3𝑥 2 − 5)2 { (𝑥 3 ) + 3 (𝑥 2 ) − (5)}
2 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

7 3 5
𝑦′ = (𝑥 + 3𝑥 2 − 5)2 {3𝑥 2 + 3(2𝑥) − 0}
2

7 3 5
𝑦′ = (𝑥 + 3𝑥 2 − 5)2 {3𝑥 2 + 6𝑥}
2

3
7. 𝑦 = √(8𝑥 5 − 3𝑥 + 11)−5 = (8𝑥 5 − 3𝑥 + 11)−5/3

−5/3
𝑦 = (8𝑥5 − 3𝑥 + 11)

Entonces:

5 −8 𝑑
𝑦 ′ = − (8𝑥5 − 3𝑥 + 11) 3 (8𝑥5 − 3𝑥 + 11)
3 𝑑𝑥

Donde:

𝑑 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
(8𝑥 5 − 3𝑥 + 11) = (8𝑥 5 ) − (3𝑥) + (11)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
= 8 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥 5 ) − 3 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥) + 𝑑𝑥 (11)

= 8(5𝑥 4 ) − 3(1) + 0 = 40𝑥 4 − 3

5 −8
𝑦 ′ = − (8𝑥5 − 3𝑥 + 11) 3 [40𝑥 4 − 3]
3

5
8. 𝑦 = √(2𝑥 −1 + 3𝑥 −3 + 5𝑥)7 = (2𝑥 −1 + 3𝑥 −3 + 5𝑥)7/5
 7 2 𝒅
𝑦′ = (2𝑥 −1 + 3𝑥 −3 + 5𝑥)5 (𝟐𝒙−𝟏 + 𝟑𝒙−𝟑 + 𝟓𝒙)
5 𝒅𝒙

7 2
𝑦′ = (2𝑥 −1 + 3𝑥 −3 + 5𝑥)5 [−2𝑥 −2 − 9𝑥 −4 + 5]
5

9 2 5
11
9. 𝑦 = √(−6𝑥 −5 + 2 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥)

5
11 2 9
𝑦 = (−6𝑥 −5 + 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥)
2
−4/9
′
5 −5
11 2 𝑑 11 2
𝑦 = (−6𝑥 + 𝑥 + 3𝑥)
3 (−6𝑥 −5 + 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥)
9 2 𝑑𝑥 2
−4/9
′
5 −5
11 2 11
𝑦 = (−6𝑥 + 𝑥 + 3𝑥)
3 [30𝑥 −6 + 𝑥 −1/3 + 3]
9 2 3