Stress 4.

A journal bearing has a 8 cm diameter

and length to diameter ratio of 3. Find
the projected area mm².
1. A steel tie rod on bridge must be
withstand a pull of 6200 lbs. Find the
Solution:
diameter of the rod assuming a factor
𝐴 = 𝐷𝐿
of safety of 4 and ultimate stress of 𝐿
66,000 psi. =3
𝐷
𝐿 = 3𝐷
10𝑚𝑚
Solution: 𝐷 = 8𝑐𝑚 � � = 80 𝑚𝑚
𝑐𝑚
𝐹
𝑆𝑢 = 𝜋 𝐴 = 3(80)
(𝐷2 )
4
66,000 𝑝𝑠𝑖 6200 𝐴 = 19,200 𝑚𝑚²
=𝜋
4 (𝐷2 )
4
𝐷 = 0.691 𝑖𝑛 5. A cable has a length of 100 m and
stretch to 5 cm when the load is applied
2. If the ultimate shear strength of steel at both ends. If the tensile stress is 50
plate is 45,000 psi, what force is psi, find the modulus of elasticity of the
necessary to punch 0.9 in diameter hole steel.
in 0.5 in thick plate using a factor of
safety of 3.5. Solution:
𝑆𝐿
𝐸=
𝑌
Solution: 50 𝑝𝑠𝑖(100𝑚)
𝐹
= 𝑚
5𝑐𝑚( )
𝑆= 100𝑐𝑚
𝐴
𝐹 𝐸 = 100,000 𝑝𝑠𝑖
𝑆=
𝜋𝐷𝑡
𝐹
45,000𝑝𝑠𝑖 =
𝜋(0.9)(0.5)
6. A shaft whose torque varies from 2200-
𝐹 = 63,617 𝑙𝑏𝑠 6400 in-lbs. It has a diameter of 1.25
3. A 2.5 in diameter bu 1.8 long journal inches and yield stress of 63,000 psi.
bearing is to carry 5000 lb load at 320 Find the variable component stress.
rpm using SAE 40 lube oil at 200 °F
through a single hole at 30 psi. Solution:
16𝑇𝑚𝑎𝑥
Compute the bearing pressure. 𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
𝜋𝐷³
16(6400)
=
𝜋(1.35)³
Solution:
𝐹 𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 16,688.61 𝑝𝑠𝑖
𝑆= 16𝑇𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝐴 𝑆𝑚𝑖𝑛 =
𝐹 𝜋𝐷³
𝑆𝑏 = 16(2200)
𝐷𝐿
5500 𝑙𝑏𝑠
=
𝜋(1.25)³
=
2.5(1.8) 𝑆𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 5,736.71 𝑝𝑠𝑖
𝑆𝑏 = 1111.11 𝑝𝑠𝑖 𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥
(𝑆𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 = )(𝑆𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 = 𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥)
𝑆𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥−𝑆𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑆=
2
𝑆𝑎 = 5475.95 𝑝𝑠𝑖
7. How many ½ inch diameter hole that 𝐹
𝑃=
𝐴𝑐
can be punch in one motion of a 1/8 141.76 𝐾𝑁
=
inch thick plate using a force of 50 tons. 𝜋(0.25𝑚)²
4
The ultimate stress id 53 ksi and factor 𝑃 = 2,888 𝑘𝑝𝑎
of safety of 3.
Solution: 10. A column supports a compressive load
𝐹
𝑆𝑢 = of 250 Kn. Determine the outside
𝜋𝐷𝑡
50 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑠(
2000 𝑙𝑏𝑠
)
diameter of column if inside diameter is
𝐷𝑡 = 𝑡𝑜𝑛
1 135 mm and compressive stress of 50
𝜋(52,000 𝑝𝑠𝑖)( 𝑖𝑛)
8
Mpa.
𝐷𝑡 = 4.897 𝑖𝑛
𝐷𝑡 Solution:
𝑛= 𝐹
𝑑
4.897 𝑖𝑛
𝑆=
𝐴
= 1 250,000 𝑁
𝑖𝑛 50 = 𝜋
2
(𝐷𝑜2 −1852 )
𝑛 = 9 ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 4
𝐷𝑜 = 201.47 𝑚𝑚
8. Determine the minimum diameter of a
11. A steel hollow tube is used to carry a
taper pin for use to fix a lever to a shaft,
tensile load of 500 KN at a stress of 140
if it is to transmit a maximum torque of
MPa. If outside diameter is 10 times the
750 in-lb. The shaft diameter is 1.5
tube thickness of the tube.
inches and has a stress of 20,000 psi.
Solution:
Solution:
𝐹 𝐷𝑜 − 𝐷𝑖 = 2𝑡
𝑆=
𝐴 10𝑡 − 𝐷𝑖 = 2𝑡
𝐷𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 2�
𝐹 𝐷𝑖 = 8𝑡
𝜋𝑆 𝐹
𝐷
𝑆=𝜋
(𝐷𝑜2 −𝐷𝑖 2 )
𝐹= 4
𝑇 500,000 𝑁
2(750 𝑖𝑛−𝑙𝑏) 140 = 𝜋
= 4
(10𝑡 2 −8𝑡 2 )
1.5 𝑖𝑛
𝐹 = 1000 𝑙𝑏 𝑡 = 11.23 𝑚𝑚
1000
𝐷𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 2�
𝜋(20,000) 12. A 20 mm diameter rivet is used to
𝐷𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.252 𝑖𝑛 fastened two 25 mm thick plate. If the
shearing stress of rivet is 80 Mpa, what
9. A 19 mm stud bolt is used to fastened tensile force applied each plate to shear
on a 250 mm diameter cylinder head of the bolts?
diesel engine. If there are 10 stud bolts, Solution:
determine the pressure inside the 𝐹
𝑆=
𝐴
cylinder if bolt stress is 50 Mpa.
𝐹 = 𝑆𝑠 𝑥 𝐴
Solution: 𝜋 1 𝐾𝑁
𝐹
= 80( (20 𝑚𝑚)2 )( )
4 1000𝑁
𝑆=
𝑛𝐴 𝐹 = 25.13 𝐾𝑁
𝐹
5000 = 𝜋
10( (0.019𝑚)2 )
4
𝐹 = 141.76 𝐾𝑁
;is.l;Tll'lG diameter is 80 mm. Find the inside diameter of the
shaft.

1
f. A shaft is used to transmitn2-00 KVV at 30C r-p;l hv Given:
means o; a 200 mm diameter sprncket. Deii,r-ti',ii',i' Su=350MPa
the force to the sprocket. EC_A
I U-J
T=3KN-m
Do=80mnr
Given: Di=?
F=?
P=200KN Soln.
N=300KN
Droro.1o1=200mm
t5=6rt,
3soMP€-
s.,,= I=
FS5 ToMPa
Soln: 16TDo
P=2nTN sarr=bs=i6;r-il4
16TDo
T=Fr D,=olDoa
,.-L,
' "rJ - nSail
E-. "\2nl'l / 4 16 (3 i. N -- in )(tjr'rn rrr ). r4oJlltr1
D
P
Ut* i30luur)'i ------ri--i-
:r( 7{t-.,-,3
t-snrccxet- }

;n1;
i ru!,) q,1" q'A,r ) ; ;' 1'
tr .= -__-
2o"ttH l\,
,,t = t l1': r
I sprocKel
I -136gI'lv 11-L'llL)f 20U,,.,,,,.,' ..- 'n - - )
rev' nrn.'6, i;4c' l(,o(r,n[r'
" Di:-OQ.e ?nl:
F.o,"o.k"E-0.3OQ S.N
' 4. Whai is the speeri of $3..12 irnr shaft transmitted
2. Find the diameter of a steel shaft rvlrich ra;ill be
75 KW if stress is nr:t to excecrl 26 Mpa.
used to operate a 11"0 KW motor rotating at 5 rps ii'
torsional stress is 90 Mpa Giveii.
D=63.42mi'n
P=751{N
Given:
.$"rr=26fu4Pa
P=1OKw t, |
rr- -.)!
N=Srps
Ss(torsionar)=90MPa
Srrirr:
Dsnan=?
P=2nThJ
D

Soln: I\:: ----

? rrT

P=2rrTN o _..n * ..-j6T

Ll ,1t -ij.-
P I LLt
p
2nN l\- -----';:-'-:
-- / 5sft.1' \
167
Us=
III \ 1. ,/

1c;62.;li:-'::r1!tl "11Iu9EiL;
, ,llar ,.,-- u.3 L06p
r'i-.".,".".T
jis j _
0.1
ri
'r/ nSs 1zo-ll-;1se.+zmm),

tlrcr Pt " i'jt55erE[

J- I '2[N'
ai nss
A steel shaft transnrits 50 hp at 1400 rpm. lf
. ,f rp
LI- l.."...-
allowabie stress is 500 psi, find the shaft cjiameter
! nzNSs
Giv*n:
., . f o.erozp : r----_--_._
cl:= I--_-
f
o.et o:61161!L'r 111o10,!lr r
If ii t1k,1
r --JUr iiJ
! NSs .l\ (srps)t'ro;i.;r
[:J='l;{Sfl1p6
. d-iQJ$m-rl Srrr=500psi
rrshfft* i
3. A shaft has an ultirnate stress cf 3150 lrlpa zrii). i'.a.
a factor of safety of 5. The tcrqui-. de ,;e li:peci bi
the shaft is 3 KN-m and the diarnete r outside !r=]rnTl,j
 167
Ds=r,a'
8. A hollow shaft that has a 100 mm outside diameter
. [-;- and 80 mm inside diameter is used to transmit 100
nSs-
o='llgi J"_r"ul
tss KW at 500 rpnr. Determine the shaft stress.
r/
{
ft-Iir
.t3tr01)__,_
3 12in
:::r Given:
o,B1C,6(5UI)P' ){ -,JILIILil i
rlr ' ft Do=100mm
tn' n) In' Dr=80rnnr
-[nn{r,n,,trtf P=100Kw
d= 2.B4in.
N=600rpm
6. The s[raft of a motor has a le ngth of 20 times its
Su=?
dianreter and has a maximLrn-i twrst ':f 1 degree s
when twisted at 2 KN-m torque. lf the modulus of
Soln:
rigidity of the slraft is 80 Gpa, find the sliaft P=2n"TN
diameter. \ =-_-* 16TDo
vs
n[Doa-Di+)
Given: .",s*_ re(fr)o"
L=20D ;(Do4-Di4)
e= 1o \ =-_-
0.B106PDo
N(Do4-Di4)
G=80GPa *'-'-) 1 0c0mm)
n - o.g roe(roo
\ sec -/'r: r!9i99)r,.
oom mt-'mln
m
Dsnurt=? Dr-
Soln: * Ss=13.73MPa
wrao\-[/-__ rL _
/180\
tG -F;a
rr-
.] What is the polar rnoment of inertia of a solid shaft
:##tTr that has a torque of 1.5 KN and a stress of 25 Mpa?
"(#)
^_
TL
=
TL
='- IG W, Given:
32TL -130- !-6
\:l--(__l
tls6lifl- i
rrdaG ' rr ' T=1.SKN
583,61TL _ 5B3.6lT(20D) -- 11ti7Z.?'l
*
^-
t-,-
Su=25ltfiPa
---- D4G D+G IliG

-t
^L-)= ilttotz.z'r
..J
, iL 1672.2(2KN
sc-:: Il-----
rrr)
Soln:
t r.tir,,,cl- 167
! '
b'= iF
o D= 66.33mm , nda
32

1 A lrollow shaft developed a lorque of 5 KirJ ani.i ,=*((#i)-

shaft stress is 40 Mpa. lf cutsicie ciianreter of :iri:ft
is 1C|0 mm, determine the shaft innei'cliarne ,;ei'.
.J= 't ('ot )'
32 \rrss./
Given: / , ri\
,-- r, / ro / r.srN-m\' I
J=32[;l;:g/
T=5KN-m
S.=40MPa . mm-/ I
\ /
Do=100nrm
Di=?
& J= 2.02x t0-6mma
1U, A force tangent to L foot diameter pulley is 5 KN
Soln. and is mounted on a 2 inches shaft. Determine the
\vs=-- 16'f Do torsional deflection if G= B3xl"06 Kpa.
n(Do4 -Di4)
Given:
ds63;1=2in
G=83x 1.06KPa
N ,-A SL
(ry.]'I) Uprrlley- I lt
1 6 ( s KN - rn) ( 1 o o m m
-
1

D,=* /1too,nm)4 F=5KN

Tr(_ +0---
llnl''
)

Soin:
o DEZT!6zL mm F=2rT[!
 T=Fr
rrt( -=) Giiren:
r=sKN(-s#ry (} -/)|
rJS-
T=761.96N-m D.1,31=2irl
T=24000in-lb
@=f!= D4G
N=120rpnr
IG
(f^I^.
9= !!jf _ 584(761.e6N-m)
L D4G fr){a:i"ro,'H)
f uq_-
161' 16 (24000 in - tb)
TIO.' il(2in):r
' 3= o 8o47m u S"= 1s278.s7.ltl;

11. What is the minimum diameter r:i a steel shafl t4. V/hat the diameter of iine shaft that transmit
is
which will be used to operate a .14 i(l,l.m torqLr,? L50 K\,V at 150 rps?
and will llot twist more than 3" in a length of 5 rrl?
( G = 83x1C6 Kpa ) Gii,rn:
Line shait
Given: P=i 50Kvr
D=? F:=,201 07
T=14KN-m N=15rps
O=3o Ni=900rpin
L=6m
G=83x 106KPa Soln:
D3N
P-_
Soln: s 3.5

\7--
^_5B4TL
D4G
[=
o I-saaTL-

!oG
L/-
^-.;r"*1***-rr,16ra shaft iras 50 mrn diarrleter is running at 300
1"5. ,,'\ l"i^rain
I-s1'B3x1o.r*)
{\m./ rp;n" What is tlie r:ower thai coulrj be delivr:r by
o D= 118.45mm the slra it.

Cii';en.
12. A solid shaft 5 m long is stresseiJ to 60 Mpa r,viier: (Main)
twisted through 4'. Find the shaft dianreter if G ., D=50nrm=1.97in
683 Gpa. t'l=300rpirr
Pr=?
Given:
L=5rn Soin:
S=60MPa D3N (t.97in)r(:00r'pirr)
r=: .-
n
O=4o 80 B0
D=? ap=ZS.60.Lp
G=83GPa

Soln: 16. A 2 inches Ciameier rnain shaft running at 600 rpm

r6T is ntounted by a 12 inciies diameter pulley and is
rtdr then connected tr: the siraft of driven machine
o-lL= lrylr=Y@=r.r5]:;!
JG D,IG DG
mounted by a 40 ir,che s ciianleter puiley by
means of beit. The belt ,:ffir:ierrcy is 90%. Find the
1r4.67sL I t 4.67 |- (,0 1... 1, 5,,,,1.'J"'02','"'11 diameter of the shoi-t shaft
iir lD' ttl'
oc il..-.fl---
' iir []'
G!ven:
o Q= 103.62nttlt i'lr=6gOtOtn
13. Compute the nraximum unit shear in a 2 irrclie-c
Dr=12in
diameter steel shafting that transrriits 2;!,1100 ir:"i'r [r3r=2
of torque at 120 rprn. D2=461n
 e=90% f{=550rpnr
Dsnort=? S.=?
D.=35mm
Soln:
Pou t
6-_ Soln:
Pin
€P;n=F6,u1 p::ri1p=:
il.ar {1 6s 0 oc -:;) (#;) (1 0m)
u D:tN,.
/^\ (z;:l1r,oorprrr;
r:!x:n]
rout=
li- (e/ =- --: (ll.Yt,) I i'_-
roz.
rit I n

Porl=54hp -,i, 11-7 a176KN -rn

0,{18

r * -rJa LJ*-:--
nlln
N1D1=N2D2
_ (600rp:n)( I2in)
^,- T i,' 4?27q_i!-ry:'r1
nrin
(40in) ' 2 n'r'N z o;ii_l
hJz= 180r'm "1s:
T=125238.8hl-mrn
D3N
l.-- '16(I252:iB.BN
3B (\ 161'-= J- -rr)rn)
--5
- nd3 n(35titltt)3tttrtt1
n3
lJ
/3BPour /3s(s4l!t,)
t-
t

{ N -
{ 18orl)rn

o @ sE:-14.-9Al*Ea
D= 2.25in

20. A circular saw blaclc has a circular speed of 25

1"7. A L.5" diameter shr:rt shaft is used to transm't 44.4
m/sec and 500 n-rm dianreter is driven by a belt
hp. Determine the shaft speed.
that has a sleep af 7%. Find the required speed of
dri,ren shaft if speeci ratio is 3.
| ---D'N
o-
3B
!\r_ 3BD ._ :rB{44.41r1)) tJivtil t.
iY- -.:
D3 (l.5in)3 ir- rc -A
N=499.91rpm SEC
D=500rirm
' N:B.33rps Seli sliP=:/!6
n I --ai- |
I\j 1-Jl\2
:18. A 3" diameter solicJ shaft is dr:sirecj tc replace a
hollow shaft having 4" outsiCe cliameier. Corisicer Cn!n't.
uu[
the strength to be the sanre, deterrnine the: inside Nl D2
diameter of hollcw shaft. N2 D1
UL
D1 --J
$oln;
D2=3D1=$(500rnm)
SH=Ssotic
16T_ l6TDo_ Da='l50Cri:rn
ad3 n(Do+-Di+;
1Do V=n'D2l{2
b, = D"--D,,
Doa - Di4= DoD3
D;= {/ffi - rfiD3 : i&nr'l - (,tid(3}n)3
. Di=i.Si[ s i!r.:Nz:9I4-93fplr

1A A motor is used to drlrye a ceritrifugal pump thai 23". Arr 800ntni diame'cer circulai" saw blade is driven hy
dischargcs 3000 li/nrin ai a lreacj of 10 rn. tlre a ili00 rpin mctor vrith gear speed ratio of 1.g.
purnp efficierrcy is 58% anC runriing at 5S0 rprn. find tire peripheral speed cf the blade.
Find the torsionar stress of slraft if shaft Cianreter !s
35 rnm. Giyen:
it1='l$Qff1p:n
Given: D=800min
v=3000* i\^t,-.
L=10m \)uiit.
Ni---..
e=0.68
 1800rprn ,
^
N2
Given:
Nz=1000rpm
L=1Oft

V5h6g=TT D N z = n (B 0 0 ri i nr ) (_1]I-1 t;',;) ;'; : Soln:

ll- 3 r--
vs136g=8. 25( r oo o) (io r L: B.95VD"
(')=(D)= 2

\8,95./
g '/u,ro"=137'5lL
n_ /10/fV
22. A machine shaft is supported on bearings ll, ri
"- \&es/
apart is to transmit 190 KVV at 300 rpm v,rliiic u D= 1 .18tn
subjected to bending load of 500 kg at the cerrter.
lf shearing stresses 40 MPa, determine the shaft 25. A 12ft shaft is running at 260 rpm. what that this
diameter. shaft could safely deliver?

Given: Given:
L=1 nr L=1Zft
P=1 90Kw N=260rpm
N=300rprn
m=500k9 @ center Soln:
S.=40lJPa 33
dsnan=? o= (a)' (nrt1;
\8.95,/ = \ 8.95 ,/
D='1.5525in
Soln:
P=2nTN
I l-

t
T= 6.0479KN-m
P: r/ (*) = z6ctr?tm(+:':)'
(sootg)1?Irfi1g;1t:,t , p=3.37hp
FL
^r- 4+-
tvt-

M=1.22625KN-m

16
Ds=;E J@iF
3 76.
d- nd3 \ .rft-t+ r"l
-I

d=t -zii-r (Q22625)z

-' + (6.0479)2)l'1 * nn.ri
nl 40r-l \ mm',/

o d =92.28mm

23. A L00 mm diameter shaft is; subjected to a toitli:r:

of 6 KN-m, a.nd bending moment of 2.5 KN-m. fir,ii
the nrax berrding stress developed.

Soln:
S,= q/M'+ r"
S,= (M + fi2srKNmf + (6ri(Fl"ti
"r-**),
o Ss=45.84MPa
24. A shaft has a length of L0 ft. find the diameter ci
the shaft that could safely deliver.
Pi"essu,"e Vessei lli= ll0m
l- = 12m
1. Deterrlrne ll-ie itrl-c: rilir i i:l"ess'..1 r"s r-;f 5 = 50 l\4pa
cvlindr"ical talx :rCi[t n-iin ]ntei-n,:l i*l

diarletei', 70 r'nnr l.hicli ar,ci 3 l: !{uticns:

lengthi rf sl.resses limiled to lr+ri p =Tl,
iVlpa. = 9.ti1 KN/m'z(12rn)
= 117.72 Kpa
l')

G ive n: q,- PDL

2t
Di = 500nrm r-^ ,^? ----
(1't7.72)(10)
5UX1U- =
t = 20mm at

L-Jllt o t = 1l_.772_nm
S =, 140 Mpa
lqi-ulla!. a' Determine the safe wall thickness of
^ t)Di a 50 inches steel tank with internai
Lt_
pressure of B Mpa. The ultimate
/) (o.s) stress is 295 Mpa. The factor of
140x1-03 =
2(o o2) safety to use is 3.
P= 11200 Kpir
. P--1-1-J-Miza
Given:
Di = 50m
2. Determrnt Llre btrrstin!i :,:eat;l Pi =BMpa
pressLrre rrf ;r stee! shell with 5u = 296 Mpa
diameter of ZiJ ir-rches arrci macie r:i'
FS=3
5/1ti sieel plate. 'i-
L -i -?

G ive n.
Solution:
ra:
i)i
a/l:-^
.1 \J lll
-
(+
JL _
PiDI
')t
t = 5y'1t-r in
e = 809'o
S = 63,00i1 psi .9u P Di
Pi =? .tr,: ZL
Solution:
c PiDi
J_ 2e6xLA3 8x1036Sr:in)1""$;)
4.t.e
l'(?,o) 321
63,000=,/s7-
,+\ 'l \--
tcJ (-i) 8;
39.37 in
c I = 3150!_ t=0.0515ffix-.-
itn

3. A r,vater tank 1C rn x l-2 t-n is s t=2.03inr

cornpletely fiiled with water.
Determine the minirrrunr thickiress
of the plate i1'stress is Ilmiierj 1.c ::ril 5. ]-he interrral p-.res:;r:i-c ci a 4OtJ rnnt
MPa. irrside diamet€r r:i'iii-rilncaltank is 10
ivipa and thir:l<ne ss is 21j rrim,
Give n:
 dcterrnirre tlrc strcss deveioy.r if jr:i rl 1)
Ll
eificiency is 9576. t =-l
2'
Given:
Di = 400rnrn
Pi = 10 Mpa
= 2-5ntm
t.
e = 9l>Y, t = Lr"ilt4.19 m
St =? ,:r t=1_142m;1
Sillqltqn-
--
5t=-- Pi Di 7 . lt -spher;cal tank 15 mnr thick has an
lniernal pressure oi'5 MPa. The jcint
efficiency is 969'" and stress is limited
c+ (ror
)L =
to:t)1tr +) to 46875 l(Pa. i:ind the inner
2(a.a?s)(0.es) riiameter of tlre tanil.
-

. 5!- s42!Mp, G iverr:

T = l"5nrrn
Pi = 5N4pa
6. A cylinder has maxinrum ioaci cf
2500 kg whrie the pressure is 2550
E" = 95%
St = 4687-5 Kpa
Kpa. lf the ultimate stress is 25000
n; -)
l(pa and factor of safety of 4, fintl
the required wallthickrress of i.he Selulqt:
(i
Pi Di
cylinder. - ---
lte
Given: (sn1o3)(Dl)
4.6875 =
F .. 2500 kg 4.(0.0 518) (0.e6)
P= 2550 Kpa
Su = 55,000 Kpa * Di =_54Q_nut1
rc
l.J-a --
.4

t=? B. A sphericaltank has a diameter of

5pl!1&o. 1C nr anri 80 cnr thickness. lf
F
D-- tangentiai stress of tank is l-6 MPa,
A
finci the maxintum internal pressure
P of the t;rnk can carrr,, if the wall
Tt^ (2soo)(ii.ooesr A/)
_d, =
tlricl<r":ess is ?-5.4 cm.
4 2 55t)
d - 0.111" nr
Given:
PtL
St=- Di= l-0m
2t
+--
Pd (2s50)(o.r 1i i T = 25.4 cm
t - ,.. - ...55.()ot,
LJL
"\ St = 16 Mpa
4
Pi =?
!-:-A.QfA3r
f 0.0103
0-093
ct- 0.1:, 1 = Sglu!rs!.
0.093 > 0.0/
C+--PI Di"
Thick wail use: l-ame equal:ioir JL
-
4.t
 5 = 25 Mpzr
/ri(li.nii t=?
16v10r - ----- ---
4,.ir.25 i )ri r
Sq.i-u-trq.u
p=plz
, P:*:_iQ') 6 l(tr;l = (7s0) i6) 0.00e81)
P = 44.3,45!{pa
9. A cylindric;:ltank has iirsir-lc
diameter o[ 5 inc.hcs ar-,ci ]s q_--
PDi
subjectec,! to iriternai prr:ssuri: r:i Ll_

500 psi. lf nra;xirrurr sti-ess is i ,iili: (4,.1.14s) (:3)

psi, deternrine the required (7..5x103) =
thickness.
2t

*; [:: 2.6487 rnm

Given:
Di=5in 11. A cylinder hal,ing an internal
Pi = 500 Psi
dianreter of 18 inches and external
S= 1200 Psi
diameter r:f 30 inches is subjected to
t=? an internal pressui"e of 8000 psi. lf
Solutign:
P'i the hoop stress at the inner is 1300Q
Q+-_
JL psi, flnd the external pressure.
ZL
-. 50t)(S t

2t Given:
Di= l-B in
t=1.04-l7in Do=30in
t 1".04L7
1nc .. . r1 a\''
-- n
u.z.uL..- rr.L'/ Pi = 8000
d5
Therefore: Thick wall St ,= 1-3,000
Po =?
D'
tr-P
t=-[ ..JI--- p 1]/ Solution:
Z -tr_

C+:
Pi (Doz + Diz)-zPo Da2
JLI -_
s. [,2,,i,*r,u,, i (D02-Di2)
t = -( -- j
2'!I-"------
12oo-soo
B,ooo ((30)2 +Gqz)-ZPo (3o)'?
13,0ti0 =
o t=1.4in ((30)'7* (1 s)2)

1"0. A rounci verticat steeltanl< has::i-r 6 Po = 1280 Psi

inside diameter of :] rn and is 6 m lr
height. lt contain-s gasoline wilh tht:
derrsity of 750 kg,rm'. lf tiie
allowable tensiie str€ss !s 25 MPa,
find the rninirnunr thick requir^eci.
Given:
Di=3m
h=6m
p =750 kg/m'
12. A cylinder having internal diameter
of 16 inches and wall thickness of 5
inches is subjected to an internal
pressure of 65 MPa and external
pressure of 13 Mpa. Determine the
lroop stress at the oLrter.
Given:
Di.= 15 in
 T-6in pressure of 8 lvloa. The yield stress
Pi = 65 tvlpa r:f material is a 280 Mpa. The factor
Po = 13 tulpa of safety is 3.
St =?
Solution: Given:
Di= Do-2t Di= 26 in
Dc=Dr+2t Fi =BMpa
l)c=l-6+2(6) Sy = 280 Mpa
Do=28in F5=3
+L
Sto =? -:)
-l

Solution:
Pi (Doz + Di2-)- Po (Do2 +oi)2 P Di.
Sto - (D02*Di2)
si=-2t
Sy Di"
nd
-P
rJ LL
_ / I \..., -_./ ).1 \,*f *]:).t
2 (1.6xi0')l(Io)r[;;71 -13rio"Lt r;,,, \:;,; rz./
'-' ''r ='-- 2 80x10:r g0x10:i (26
\ |l-.^ --\
1>..)//
-- -x
, \.;,J.tr7./ \ .l ,.3- )
'

----7:i-'rn'
Sto = 3742.4.24 l(pa
+ t=28-30rim
e Sto = 37.4?_[4ga
15. A water tank 10 m x 12 m is
wilir rv.r ter.
ccrn pletely fil lctl
13. Determine the bursting steam
Determine the minim urn i:hickne:;s
pressure of a steel shell with
of the plate if stress is Iirrited to 50
diameter of 12 inr:hes and macie of
Mpa.
%lhick steel plate the joint
efficiency is 85% and the terrsiie
-i,,^^.
Ll IVljII.
strength is 64 ksi
Di = 10rn
(] irro n' L = 12rn
S = 50 l'fipa
Di=12in L _I
t=025iri $oluti.o11
e = BSY, ? =TL
S = 64 i(si = 9.81" KN/mz (12m)
P=? P = !17.72 Kpa
pni
Solution: c _l '-:
*r-
t) D!
c _- IL
J- I rt..1 r\3 _ (ltl .l L'l1l o 1

4te JU^J.\J
'2i
,a t=1.1-.777mm
F (12 tn)
64x103 =
4(0.2s in)(0.8s) 16. Determine tiie br;rsting stearx
pressure of a steei shell with
o P=4533.33Psi -lt^^^t^-
UIdlll'JLCI -.8 4A
Ul
t^ ^L^-
l-L-, !llLllE5 ^*.J
dllt]
*^l^
llldUC ^f
Ul

%inch thick steel plate the joint

L4, Determine the safe wall thicl<ness of efficiencr/ isTA% and the tensile
a 26 inches steel tank if internal strerrgtlr is 60 I<-si.
 S = 28,000 Psl
G ive n: L
-l

Di=10in 9qlrti-a.u
! 1/ -,^ Dni
\-/4itl
- (._-_
e. TAY, ')t
LL
S=50ksi
P=? :5,UUU( IU t?1)
2B,ilii0 psi = )f
Solution:
c
PDi
_--
J-
4te i=-l-i:1{.f,n:
P (10 i;z) 19. Determine the br-rrsting steam
50,000=
+(*rn) Q 70) Frr"essure of a steel shell lvith
clrameter of 100 inches and made of
e p=420UPli U.0535rn tl-rick steel piate the jcint
J-7. Conrpute the :;afe',.,;aii th;ckne,ss ci .r efficiency i.s B0% and the tensile
cirnitoilt is 60 OSi'
76.2 c.m diar:-'i .'lr-r',t'rel iarrl<. l-l-ri:
tank is subjecteci to 7.33 Mpa
pressLlr€: and tl^re sleel rnaterial l',a:; Gi,;en:
ni
!/t -- :nii;^ ttt
-- tt/\j
yield stress 2i 5.4 l'"4,;a, the f aclol' cf
safety to u-se is .J. t= 0.C635 m
e = tl{}'%
Given:
5t = 60,000 Psi
D.-?
Di= 76.2 crn
P= 7.33 lVipa .5"4.1.q!q,1,
r] 1-/L
ni
5-*-
I
Sy = 215.4 IVpa
.i.l D
FS=3
t -?
P (1oo)
Ss!r1ia:t. 50,000 =
sJ,. y!_
,1,(o.o 53 5) (3.j.3 7) (0.8)

F.9=P2t
P - 2400 Ps!
2-1!: .4x10:' (z.tsxto3)Q tr*)
3 2t

" l':-:3..89 cril

18. A, cylinder tank with 10 inche:; lnsiiir

diameter contairrs oxygeil g.:s ?t
25000 psi. Calculate the requireci
wall thicl<ness in mm undei- sire,c:. cif
2800C psi.

Given:
Di =10in
P = 2.5,00C Psl
 Corrplings, Flvwheetr, & I{eys determine the force acting on each
boit.
1. A flange coupling having 1g0 mm Given: D" :50A trun
bolt circle and 19 rim thicl< uses g
Pout : 4"A MVl
bolts, 16 mm diameter to connect N = 3600 rpnl = 60 rps
two shafts. rt is use to transmit 50 e : 404/o
KW at 180 rprn. Determine tire rlt) : 15 l)olts
factor of safety in bearing if yield Required: F5
point in compressiorr is 449 Mpa. Pi:*-
Solution: e -
Given: D. = 1-80 mnr Pin
,+u il
t=19mm D-_
-01 .P-:rg
d - 0.9
^I

nr= 8 Lrolts Pir, : l'a'1' X 1010 NtrLtn

dr= 16 mn'l P = 2rI'Ai
P=60KW
T' = -A =. lLi::,10']-j:l,ll
N=L80rprn=3rps )1ltt :l:r lirO..]-..!.11
Required: based upon .gr,,c
FS T='l-'l ,'.a,:;;r j N rlm
When Sr. = 448 Mpa ,-
,2
!:D(

Solution: l-.'. ii)r'i ?.t,,/l

, _,7 _-:('
P = 2ttTN )Lit iii.lii 7ii Di
_l=-- P 6O KN-tn/sec F= 4r-i,37].201E hi
'znN 2z(3:-) ,, l' r - ,. ..' r.-j0 l j .',
l';, -. - -r-'-------_
T= 3.1831 x 1tJ6 N,mrn llt I il

T
FT, F1, : lt) 'QJ !{ i't
2

, _27 _z(.?:1831 x1or. N-1472;

, D. "180 lnin
3. A 75 mm diametr:r shafr is

F = 35.37 x 103 tV
transmitiing 30il i(!V at 600 rprrr. As
solid coupling lras a boils of 6 anci
Frr=
-
?7b each 18 rnrn diarneter. FinC tire
.-
li ,
35.37
____.___^tori,r required boli, circle cliarneter if the
=
B
shearing stress ir.r bolt is 27.5 l,"4pa.
Fr 4.4270 x 10:rrV
Given: Dr=,75
._ Ft, 'r,',
,Ld P = 300 l(Y/

d, l.? l fl v 1rl3 N = 600 r;:m = 10 rps

C- n -, 6 boiis
(19 mm)(1{: ntiri)
a_ (16 = 15 111f, t
14.54 M Pa
.tri Ilequireci: O.
t;
/s --
-. .s(- Sr:lution: P = 2r'Ii',j
448 &4 P ct T
l:--
P .:'\tt l. lJ / L'
E
14.ii4 !v{ P ct lt]TA/ ?n(10 r-ps)
r, :30.81 /rns. T = 4.7f 46x i06 i,J-ir.irr-,
c F6
rJ-.-
:, - ttt l).
2. A turbine is connectecl io a -{
-
l.r,
p ::c;'7,
generator by rneitns 0f fiange .D
+
coupling tlrat lras a bolt circle Fl = 6,997.8976 ili
diameter of 500 rnnr. l-he genei-aior t_,_F
Llt *
output is 40 MW, 3600 rpin an,C gil7o )7

F = [r1,tt
efficiency. if there are 16 bolts,
[ = (6,997.8976 l\JX6)
F= 41,987.i9582 I\j
 T_ IFDt 2
Ity= l!,![t;r ;1
n Fi,
)'r 2{4.777x'L}6 N -trun)
2T
Dc =
,11,987.38582 N
" rd
F Fr,
DC : ))'1 A2)\1 I mm Anc -9;rl
(--- I5,1100 rV

\ s:ll--
lr 7nlll. / li-s
'
,,,,,1..1

4. The toial force oi' 125 KN is recitiii-er.i t = 40 mn.r

of flange cou5rling that has 5 ho!ls
has also a shearing stress of :10 MPa 5. A flat key is to be designed for 75
for boit. Deternrine Lhe reouii-eci oci t rnm diameter shaft ,,vhich will
diameter. transmit 150 l(W at 400 rpm. lf
Given; F= 125 Klrl allowable stress is 200 N4Pa and key
n = 5 bolts witir is 15 nrnr, cletermine thet lengtlr
't, = 3o fi4Pa of key.
Required: boit diarreter Given: f lart l<ey
rl.r-75 nrn't
- |ll
i.
lioluti,:rn: 1.,,
P=150KW
, l)
:) lir" = 400 rpm = 6.57 rps

I;i = 25,000 KN Ss = 200 lvlPa

/t/'
,-
tt
vu = 15 mrn
'1 ht
t-- ReqLrired: l-
a-- ;' l5tl/(.\',r/se(
. l.tF,. -
ta,! *
ri ;r's' 2fiN 2rr(1, b-\1". )

T= 3.58098x [0(; N-mm

,
ul, - l,irrr* r,
l-*- -t- FDt
'I
n(30lDllt'r\l ,) 2
\l .T--- ZT 2('i.580,13.. l0^),1 nrrrr.
tl 6 : 3'2 'c:'7 tltin AnS ' D( 7 5 nt1tl
F=95.45x 10:r N
5. A flarrge coLrpiing with a holt cii-cie .Ii
diameter of 250 rnm uses 8 boit;, 25 " rul
. [. i5..1, ^ ]i)'' .v
mrn diarneter. The tr:rquet -
L---
rv.9-, tS rnrrr(2ooj7)
transrnitted is 15 Klrl-ni ancl L = 31".83 nrm
compressive stress of balt is 15 ;/l:-.:.
Deter,rine the required flange
7. A 70 rnm dianteter shafting of SAE
th ick ness.
1040 grade, cold rolled, having a
Given: Dc= 250 mrn
yield point of 52 l<si and% x 3/4 x 4
n=8 inches key. Compute tlre mininrurn
dl= 25 rnrri
yield point in the l<ey in order to
T = 15 Kirj-rrr
transrnit the torrque of tire shaft. The
5c= 15 MPa
factor of safety is 3.
R--quired: t .Jiven: D, = 76 p6 ::: l./$$ ip
lt D.
Solution: I = 1
\
\rv(.
( , l/.'
-- JL r\Jr
2T :r 5 /(N rlr r( I0l0 .'
- 1
h ='r/z itl
Dc 250 lll?n st - 3l irt
F = 120,000 itl
..t- L=4in
r, =- EC-?
1t

C- 120,000 tr'
Iierqu ired : m inim Ll n-t yield point
 Solution: FS = !- fr - 38,l-97.1.8634 N
S utt l,'' - 1tr+
c _52ksi
'ntl - a 1r' = 2(38,197. tBG34 N)(0.4)
Sr11 = 17,333.33 psi l;'' = 30.56 Kirl Ans.
^ 167
Jalt - ---
fta
T _ ft(.z.7Sbo l)r).i(:7,333,33 i).si) 9. A 7/i6 in height x 3 in length fiat
r.---- i..ey is i<elied to a 7 incl-res cliarneter
T = 7L,236.88967 in-lb shaft. Determine the torque
FD.
2
Cevelr:ps in tlre key if the bearing
r- 2(7 1 ,236 8tJ967 :tt - tb) siress aiiowab,le is 25 i<si.
27,560 itt Girren: h= //'15in
F = 51,697.6285 ib L=3in
Ds=2in
2 S. = 25 ksi (bearing)
51,697.5285 psi Fiz:t l<ey
F.S =
Ir-r , \sLlu il cu. r

.9c
Soiution: .!. _*
F',.
S. = 3(51,69l.62i35 psi) n,
-L
2
.S. = 155,092.8.8 ;rsi
\ --
^F F, r:t = *j'"')('zs:!!:*
2
' 2
.,
it l.
5l tr\tl.bZ\JSt!, Fc : 16,41)6.25 itz -Lb
J.s = ---'_irr(.i ZT
iiil E-
- I).s
S, 17,232.5,1 psi
=,
.s,, - _ (to,+oo.zs ii1 Ir)(2 ilr)
L\_J
.
:
.9( T= 16,406.25 iti - lb Ans
Sr, ,= .l (1',t,232.51.y:si)
^5r, = 51.697 62E5 psi
10. A rectangular key w;:s used in a
.:. tnittinttttn.t'ic,'tl t;oittlls 5 . \ puliey connecterci to a iine shaft at l5
Sls = 5i,fi97'.6285 lrsi Ki// at 600 rpm. lf slrearing of key is
230 lviPa, cieiermine tire force acting
on the key length if key width is one-
8. A rectangular- key is Ltseci iri pi.rlle,,, forth of shatt diameter ancl key
connection to transrrit 10C i(rr,ir at length cf one incir.
1000 rpm on 5C nrm shaft ciiamet.:r-. Given: rectangular l<ey
Determine tire fcrce requireC i:c; P = 15 l(W(line shaft) = 20.11 hp
renlove the shaft frorl the irub if f ,= N = 600 ri:nr
0.4. 5r= 230 tv'lPa
Given : rectangular ke\,, ,,1
= l/4 L),
P=100KW L=1in=25.4mrri
N = 1000 rprn = 16.1.7 rps Reciuii'eci: F at key
D, = 50 intrt JUru LiUlt. rr-litte -_
c-.t,.+;^^. D"''
Required:F' ff-;
_ P Iil.] I(! ilr /s.,: ^
.r ls3.Sil
2nir' Zt(16.67 i.7is) 'r.J//
T= 954.92x 103 N-mnr n ., f 53.5(.rrr.l t )
T= I-D' -
LJ.. -
rl
I
6ot
. I0i .v ;ir D. = 1.215 ill
.i _ 21 _ ll9:..1 .91 ,. 7

=-=
I). :;0 lli?t W =,4 D,
 W ='/o (1.215 in) 13. A one meter pulley is fastr:ned to a
W - 0.3037 in = f .7142 mm 100 nrm shai1. i:,,r tilerns of 25 mm
"/' I t,l.
square key ancl 150 nrrr long. \,Uhat
F= 5'-rwL force tangerii to pr.tllev rim lvill shear
F = 230 N/nrm':(25.4 mr-n)(7.7142 rr-rrr-r)
tlre l<ey if sirearing::tress is 200
F = 45.t166 l(lrJ A,ns. l'rri i';r ?
/lirra:n' c,rr rrro L.^,,

11. A square key ls to be usecl in;r ri[j D = 1000 nrnr

mm dianreter shait and tha.i r,vili ci = i-00 nrm
develop a 2 l(itJ-m torqLie. if bea-i-ing tV=h-25nrrrr
stress of ihe key is 448 i"4pa, fi'= recjuired
dc,terrrine the cross seci.icnal Soiution: S= a
11, l,
clirnension oi Ilat key to be useC key F = 200 irJ/rnnr2(25 rlrl)(1.50 rnrl)
length. F = 750,000 N
Given: sr-1uare key i:' R - l;1-
w=lt ,-,, _ 7I0,0ttu.vr lir{1,il/rj l
/)' = 43 t-'.,'-,-., 1000 ;;,rr

T=2KN-m l,'' = 75 KN Ans.

Sc = 448 lVlPa
[ = 21.].2 rnnr
T lil)' 14. A 1.2 nt puliey is fastenecJ to ;,r 129
-
2 nrm shaft by means of square key
2(.2 K N 1n)(1\)00):rnrrr y;itlr 14A nlr]t lorr11. \,,Vlret [orr t.
F- .lll ttlnt
tarrgent rint will crush l<ey if bearirrg
F = 100,000 N
.,F stress is 410 i\"4Pa. Assurne key and
ht.
; 2(100,000N) :ira{t are oi the sarne rnaterial.
[=_
L
.l.1U i\i/rr/
Given: sr'iuare I(ey
rlr r) (2 1. I Z ))t.r7l)
D=1.2m=1200mm
h = 21.14 rnnt
d = 120 mnr
A=hw L = 140 mrrr
11= 121.74 mrn)i21.14 rlrn) S = 410 Mpa (bearing)
A = 446.20 mrn2 Ans. Solution: w = L/4d
w=h=30mrn
12. A 100 l(N force is acting on a key that
J-F- ltt,
has a length of 4 times its height. lf
T
bearing stress of key Is 400 N1pa, . _ 30 irr,t1i40 ?illlI)(.1 i0lIlilJ
determine the height of l<ey.
Given: F=100KN
F= 861,000 l'{

L = 4l'r
P/,Q = [r'
r,.* tsL l.('00 A/r lzo nut,I
S= 400 N4Pa (bearing) 72AO nnn.
F
Solution: S = F'= 86.1 KN Ans.
-
2 1-5. A press is punch L0 holes per minute
rn0,,(\
4O0irzlp.r = r,, _ of 30 trim dian-reter liole from 25 rnnr
thici< piate. Detern'rine the power
.li: 1-----.:
i tirtrlrr- - needed to puncir a hole_ If ultiniate
,/ l, "rr,. .,;
-r r
shear stress is 400 MPa.
h = l,l-.18 mrn Ans. ltolt,s10
btv€rn: rat(r =
ntitt
D = 30
--.-
nrr,r
 t=25mnr
5,r= 400 Mpa Given:
Solution: E =/, Ft b = widilr = 200 mm
E = % (.S,,A)t tP = 25 riinr
E = % (S,,(trDt))t
Su =410 Mpa
E=%n{400 N/mmr)(30 mm)(25 mm), Drn = 800 ntm = 0.8 nt
E - 11.78 KN-m itli = 200/50 rps
p =. F/t j\i2 = 3 rps
P = (11.78 KN-m)(10 holes/60 sec) \\/ -)
P - 1.96 KW Ani. Solution:
i=YzFt?
16. The kinetic energy needed to punch i-=%(.SuA)tp
a hole is 5 lC. What is the maximunr E = % (Su (irtp)) tp
thickness of hole tlrat can be E.-% (470t,t/mmz (?.00 rmrn)(25 rnm)2)
punched if hole diameter is 25 mm E _= 25.625 i(N-m.
, and ultimate stress oi plate is 420
K[ = + (r1);n)2(N
MPa. 2g
1 t/c.,
1,2
- N't2)
a,rL
Given:l(E=5KJ vt/ =
_'i

(.rrD ni): (N 1;t - I2t

d=25mrn - 1

S,, = 420 Mpa

Solution: E= Yz Ft (7r(0 P,' rrl('l)'l:
t\ )l
6')
E = T, (S,,rccLt')t

,r=
r_=--
I 2(l;,000 N)
w := 31 .7(,\ i(N )(- /'i,
9.81.ri0 ---l
j7)r2s tntn)
\ /r(+zo, l&_le€2!9:q1.Ls
t = 17.4L rnm Ans.
17. DLrring a puncliing prccess of 350 i<g
flywireel the speed varies tr-orri 2ilO 19. Ihe energy recluireci to puncir a
rpm to 180 rprn r,^yith l- i.l ntean square from 20 mrr thick plate is 1t)
diameter. Determine the i<inetic Ki. if tlie ultirnate strengtlt of plate is
' energy neecied. 420 NiPa, cietermine the rnaxinrum
Given: w= 350 kg = 3.4335 l(N sides of square that can be punched.
A/ ?rr,),-,, lOL'
/v1 -- Jtiri I Dlll -_ -u.7 i)i
ffr : 180 t'7tpt:'3 t-ps Given:
D=1m E=10i<j
Soluiion: KE = + jr Ll)2
tP - 20 mrn
2!t ' 1i,i 12 - Arz2)
Su = 420 NlPa
. a

) t/sec'
^:\
3" -S =?
E=l/r[:tp
K E_l!!Q]*:j t\,:rn A n s.
E=%(Su(astp))tp
.iC l( itl- in = % t420 N/m m, )(4)(5 )(20 rn rl )(20 m m
18. A plate 200 rnm wide and' 25 ryriii
)

thick with strengtii ol ,r1l0 tv,l ii.i is tc

De shear. During sirearing process ait
s i29.7J
800 rnnr mean dianteter i,iylvireei
changes its speed fronr 200 rpm t.)
180 rpm. Determirre the v,,eigi^rt of
flywheeito be used.
 ?-0. A 1m rn€r.ln cli;meter flyvirheel, -5Ci) tV .l.,rior, l l( ..
v,J i -
--
kg r,veight ciranges its spreeci frcil.i 11

220 rprn tr:200 durinil sirerr-ii"r11 vtr,= 4.4821 I(|t x--lI*--

],r'l i)
9.[1 3

Process. \.AJhal icrce is nee,:lEcj to Wg_455.90 kg

shear a 30 rnin thick plate?
22. A fiyr,vheei l-r;rs a ltttai weight 500 kp1
Gi'ren: .iird il re \.veiglt; ol arr *l-rir airrd i,ul.r is
Dm=1m Ii% of totai r,veigirt. ll' it has a nrean
W ,= 500 kg ,,, z1 q6r y11
dianreter ot 1 in ::lrcl width of -100
nim. deterrnini: tire rhickness of the
F = Force -? fiywheei if cierrsity ol iraterial is
tP=30mm .,'000 [<g/rn3.
KE ='l- (;rl)tttr:11.r1.r it 'Jt:l
:ll
Solution:
-j-jI' Vlr*pt1lL
KE =
2(9lili'
( n{(l 'r} };i i*"' t.--
",,0'
;,-"'1,.
\r.[i .

Vv,r = p r,rr Dni {l;t.))

W = Wr +Wal.i
KE = 5.757-l Kl"J-r'n LrV-Vr/ah=Wr
500 kg - zi0kg = Wr
e -%l tp \,rir=450!g
1L- LL-',/ l/J'

tp :iOli 000 14/r

l-:
F= 383.82 l(lrj pr{ilnt
21. the energy required to punch a i-roi,. ,Lb1ka
is 3 I(i f rorn a fly,wlreel mceit 1--
--.;--_
diameter of 800 mnl tirai slc,,or: 7 aar{:rt)f#,ro%-;
down to 3 rps l'l.crn 3.3 rps .liiring
punching. lf r,,ueight of arm antj iiun
!=-Ee.l3_or!
account 10% of rirrr weigiri_,
determine the rirn weight. 23. A ilywheel lras a rir-n ,,veight of 450
kg and mean radius of 450 mm. if
Given:
rirn width is 5 tirnes the rim
E = 3 Kli-nr
tlrickness and maierial clens;ty 7200
Dm = 800 mm
kg/m' , determ ine the wicitlr of
N 1=3.3 rps.
i'l 1'Y7i1 g '''.
N2= 3 ri:s
Wa[-r = 0.1Wr
Solution:
Wr .=?
Wr = p f,n Drn (bt'))
KE =:Zg (tDm)?1rv rr - N.t: ) 450 kg =72A0 kg/rn3 [(900/t000rn)5tr]
3t(N m =J.
2(e.8 r r
'- )
(ro.Bj:(3.3. -:-) T = 66.49 nrmnt
b=5t
W = 4.9303611 KN
[: = 5(66.49 m:-n)
i) = JJl.45 rnnt
W=Wr+Wah
W = Wr + 0.-[ Vr,1r

\ff + 1.1Wr
 24. The porarer reqitired to slre-,ar a plale 21t',' t'z'1
-"
L.T= --- -
.50 rnnr thir:l< i'or l0 scc is S l(\,rV. li ---Vt i\/.,
a
ulttmate strength of plate mar[erials .lr0.l,) |
V,=37.7oi2
-
is 420 MPa, hov,r wide shouicl 1.lre
plate be?
I j-34.11 ft/sec

Solr rtion: l,t _-

/uVp_t_.t-1'1+u/'
E=YzF lp
u
E = l/, (Su (btp)) tp ou, .;7:o t_i.l t)
l
L, a v,-.-- 3lj. 9Oft,/sec
, i1:'
(sootr)(o.L)f as.eolJ)"2
D=--
.tir lil l(E=:-*-_-----:l-- :; )
32.2 f t/,-;ec "
2(s 1{i/-#)(1os€.) i..L.l?!?_zllLf!
b* eZ) tr) f nuti.2(5O0,irit2)
27. Aflr/wheelweighing 1000 kg has a
radius r:f gyration 1.5 ril. the normal
b
=*91,?3rr:_n operaiion speed is 1S0 rpm and the
coeiTir:ient of fluctuatic-rn is 0.0g.
25. A 900 ii)nt irL-;ji-r diameter. ilyr,vhe,::l
Deterii-riite the kineiic energy
has a ividth of 350 rrm, 75 mnr tiricl<
reieas,:cl by fiywheel.
and c.lensity of 7100kg/rn3.
Neglecting the rveight of arrl ancj SclLitior-r:
find iher energy rele,asecl if iis
hLrbr,
l/i : ir Dnl
speed changes fronr 2g0 rprn tr: 250 V, = n (3rn) (160rev/rlin)(min/60 sec)
rprlr. i/1 :: 25'13 ,/sec'

Solution: l'C:
, (2_cf)
V'
(.2 1_ c [)
17i1y=pAL
Wr=p/Dm(bt)l
)]i1n ,. 75 rniri 900 9.81x10 -l
1; ....r 1. (2 - o'os)
Wr = 7100
, avv t[350
l0or)
r -,*,,,_ O t;;; "
r-) '- LJ.
(2 -i- 0 08)
Wr = 5.1595 KN Vz= 23.2 rn/sec.
W=Wr+\Nah I/
V, +V. 25.13 +- 23.2.
W = Wr -- 5.1695 i(i'J 2
RE=# QrDm)z(t,n2 - NZz)
Vnur= 24.17 m /sec.

KL ==
#fr (r( c e 1 ).rrf'), - (il-Y).J
t1 L
WcfVz
-
u
KE = 9.303 l(N-m 100 kg(0.08) (2q1,D2
,,r
9.81
26. A 48 in diameter fl,,rwnsg; hais a
-

weight of 800 lb. dLrring operaiicri

KE = 46.72 l(N-nr
the speeci is 180 rpm. lf coefficient c,,
fluctuaiion is 0.i, r.ieteriline ihet
energy release by flywheei.

v._lvcru'
g
 28. A 5 ft ntean clialneter fi,ywi-,e i:i itas ti:r F-=YrlS,,rcDt)t
absorb 3500 f1 -lb of energy.ti-rcl E .. % r{42A Nlmrn,l)(25rrrm),
maintain a coefficient of flr.i:iuaticn
l -- 10.31 KN-rr,('''
i'"i'')
of 0.09. lf nrean speecl is 80 lt/sec, t u -s,',-
find the weighi of tlre fivwiree l. r = 1.0308 I(W Ans.

Solution:
30. ii is fr:,und that the shearing ntachine
W cf'Yz
KE= rr:cluiies 205 Joules of energy to
o si'c:rr a speciiir; gagc of shcet rrretai.
-i
ire mean cliarrreter oi fivwheei is to
i(E g ne 76_2 cm, llre normal operating
W-
cf u' sce ed is 20C rpm arid slr:ws dor,vn to
180 i';.;in during shearirrg process.
W_
gsiglr-tx*_2 l'ire riin width is 30.48 r:rn and the
o.0e(Bo), rir:isiri of cast iron is -/196.6kg1m3.
l.:inci tne thicl<:ness of the rim,
assLtrring that ihe hub;rnd arnts
y{_ 1el.6E_1b
account for 10% of tl.:e rinr r,,veight
coricerii.rated on the mean ciameter.
29. A mechanical nress is usecj tc) punclt Given: E = 205 N-rir sitear
6 holes per minute on a 25 n:nt tiric,< D = 75.2 crrr
plate. The hole is 25 ntrn in cJiarrreier
and the plale has an Lillinr;,t,:
Nr : +1i'Ps
strength in shear o1 420 Mpa. l'lrr: li'- : 3 ,rru
norrnal operating speed is 2C0 ritrn b = 30.48 cnr
and it slows dolvn tn 180 rpnr d,lr-,rrg ,, - 7.i96.6 ir lt ltrt:-
: l}a,/otyt
the process oi, princhin;,. -l-ite |t7,rh

flywheel has a mealt diameter c-f one Sotuliori: l(I=;(rD)(r'r'; - N),)

meter and the rin; rvidth is I liirt,::. .^::ri.-,_ 11, t_- .._._ -t,oa]
lr).: i:-rrr =.1*,f;i (n x 0.762)rii'(: - ^t\
3,
1
sec:
ihe tliickness. As:;ume the rri-ii: airii )lf
arm account fcr S% of iire ,,:,-t * = 332.45 i'{
weight concerrtrated ai tire t-n,:ar-r w = IVr- -l llJ,lt
diameter and tite ciensity of casi ir lir iv - 1.1 tv,.
is 7200 kg per cubic meter. [inc] .iiri: t'Jr = w/1-'1-
power in KW required to cliirye .iht: utt = 322.45 N/1-"1
press. I,t/?- = 302.23 N

Given: p"1" = 9lt:k: ytr. = pAL

?11[]1

t=25mrn vli. = pIbt(,"rD)]

+- 302.23 N
d=25mm L-
/,itb.b t(.q/, ilt',",30.+il
1.:t,r
.ib.?
)( -- /):)t'9.J,l-
"In0
IV
''-':rt,' )n
S" = 420 MPa 'I0O
lVr = 200/60 r,s
iV: = 180/60 r's t = 0.5867 cm Ans.
D=1m
b=3t
W"1= 0'05 lV'
p = 72a) kgf mr
Solution: E=%Ft
 31. A cast iron flywheel iras a iilean 33. Two slrort shaft:, having identical
diameter of 36 inches and charrges diameters of 38.I rnrn anri rotating
speed frorn 300 rprn to 2g0 r prl at 400 rpnl are cclr.rnected by a
while it givers up 8000 ft-lb ei.rergy. fiange coupling lraving zl bolts with
What is tl-re coefficierrt of 100 mm boit circle. lhe ciesign
fluctu atiorr ? sl.rearing stressof the bolts is 1z
N/mnr 2 a nd design com pressive
Solution: srress of the fiarrge is 15 N/rnrn2.
ril6, ,30()r lVhat is the diarneter oi bolt should
V,--ft DmrV, - o("" \{:::\=;;r'
\ 1.2/ \ o(.) / be used?
vt : r/rrnA,, : n ('!")I29lr'l . .r.i,).
\ l2l \ t,ti I
v1 + v2 47.12 + 4:l.g8
t/
'aue = 45.55
Solution:
i == LI ! l\,1
tA/ ^r t/2
vv Ll v r. tl
KE= P lb.5U -r
--
g --_--^ tnt!1
'ZrcN = u..i.7().i t(J1
2 u '14119 -::.-'1
IllIIt'
I/' t l/v2 47.12 l, 4.3.98
- vl -L ., I n, lt(632.;0.\'tor'
) r/
vaue 45.!;5 - 0.0698 (t
'"uJ, J----
{nr,l.. N.ss n (100 )(.1/r t:_L-,,

Li h- IO.Ja il il il

32. Two short :;haf-ts i-raving icicniicai

diarrreters of :18.1 nrrn anr:l ro1.;t;ir':i: 34. Two sl"rort shalts havirrg identical
at 400 rpm are ccnnecteci !r, I diametr:rs of 38.1 nrrn and rotating
flange cor,rpling having 4 bcits'.;;ill-r at 400 rpnt are connected by a
100 ntm bolt circle. Tlre d.:iii.lir fiange coupiirrg lraving 4 bolts iryith
shearing stress orf the bojts is i,t :t00 rnrlt bolt circie. Tire design
N/rrrmr and iicsigrr uunri.,, e-,:i',.i, slrearirrg stress r.rf the bolts is 12
stress of the fiange is ili iil/n.rnr2. N/mm2 and clesigrr compressive
What is the power transmitl.erl by stress of the iiange is 1.5 N/mm2.
the short shaft in t(\ /? Hr:w tlricl< shoulci the fiange be?
Scrlutiorr:
p D3N Solution:
-_
3B -9c--tcL
r
_ (t.5irr)3(4()0 r'7rrn;
.I -+ .lg _ .,J..1., ttl, I
i/.5J /rp.1 :=- = 26.50 /iry Ans.
0.;.1- le rl
' hi)
t2654 l! l4
15N /runLz(18.-"2 mtn)

L _|_L51 rnrt
 35. A flange coupling is to be designed, '--Li 1sr lor the key is 22 ksi, The
. using 25 mm diameter l:olts at a aiicw;ri:le compressive stress of the
distance of 152 mm from the center i<ey, irub and shaft are 66 ksi, 58 ksi
of the shaft. Allowable shearing a"rc 72 ksi, respectively. Determine
stress on the boits is 103 l\/ipa. lf the 'Li:e n-raximum toi'que the pulley can
shaft is to transmit 5,800 be at a safeLy cielivereci.
speed of i-,200 mrn, how many bolts
are needed in the connection? -5cil iiorr:
lt 'i:; D ,,v !,
T- /, _
5 800.i 3.i 0nU .'"'
tnl)l
' ZftN ') l:
,ln (- l2rlllrr 2
,)t, ,l
T=34.42x706 N-rn
(22 l(.:i112.i it4(f;rrr)(3 rrr)
?F
'!' .
\--
"s-rdz ?.

4
_,tZ
TT T _.:1l!? s Lb.rn
- tf_ .),. ^
4J
SchLD
f{zsmm)'(103-#)
F1,=50.56x103
,r * 2T _ZG4.nz.r 106,\i-rn)
' F 5056xlo3N 'r*
(66 r(..;l) (*ur)(3 ln)e2.5 lir)
D.=1.36 m 4.

36. A flange bolt coupling consist of T = 54,140.625 Lb.in

eight steel 20 mm diameter steel
bolts spaced evenly around the bolt SchLD
circle 300 mm in diameter. If the t-
4
coupling is subjected to tr:rque of
15.1 KN-m, determine the maximum
shearing stress in th bolts.
(seX#(3 )(2.s)/+
t-
+
Solution:
-i
FDc = riE3_9&4 Lb.in
2

_ 2T 2(15.1, KN - nt)x 1000 38. A rectangular key was used in a

DC 300 nirn pulley connected to a iine shaft with
Fr, : 100 67 N a power of 7.46 l(W at a speed of
i,200 rpm. lf tlre shearing stress of
-
.).
F,.
: ;-- l 0().(;7 -l l 0r'r\',r lt the shaft and L:ey are 30 liJ/rnm2 and
240 I'l/rnm2, respectivr:ly. What
; d'
is
1-ll0rrriri)r
tlie ciiameter of the slraft?
_Ss = 40,054 iv'iPa
Solution:
P
37. A pull:y is ke'7ed to a 2 anc ,,, ;,r, 2tt N
diameter shaft by a 5/8 in x t/16 ir:
x 3 in flat key. Tl're shaft rotates at / .4 6- :
-.-liN-ilt.-^
^- ^*( 60scr )
50 rpm. The allol^rable sheaiiirg 2it(12O01'p1tL)
 T=59.36x10t1'l-mm 42. A 4-spline shafi (cl = 0.75D, w =
0.25D, h= 0.25D) and to slicle when
. t6'r
not under load has a diarneter of 2.5
'
ndl
in. Find the shearing stress if
r:-=
, :t tto/ shearing fr:rce is 2500 lbs.
lf hub
d= length is 2 inches.
{ ot'

Solution:
16(59.36x 10:r ) N -- tnttt Fs
Cc
2500
-
tu Ltt 0.24(2.s)(2)(4)
--

d=?1.8u-m .!.s : 520.83 €si

43. A 1.5 in diame'rer 10-spiine shaft d=

39. What pressure is required tc punch a 0.91D, w = 0.156D, h = 0.045D) and
hote 2 in diameter througlr a % in permanent fit has a cornpressive
steelplate? force of 2200 lbs. Find tlre torque
applied if hub lergth l%in.
Solution:
P=80c/ f Solution:
u 1r r ^ fiilt
r -- rc n-^,
P=80(2)i-l=40roris
'\4) d:A.91 D
d : 0.91 (1.5)
40. Find the force to punch 2 in l-rol,,.r d : 1,.365
from a 1.5 in thick plate.
h n l-
D^+0, I

Solution: -
'4. 1

P=80dt
P = 80 (2)(1.5) = 240 tons 1.5 i.365-t
Rtn :2200 Lbsf- ;+ -j
41. A 2 in diameter 6-spiine shaft (d
=0.9f), w = 0.25D, h,= 0.25D) and Rm:1575.75
permanent I'it has a cornpressive
force of 2000 ibs. find the
compressive stress if hub length is 1
%in.

Solutiorr:
c^_ Fc 2000
hLn 0 2si2)(i.slir)i6)
Sc : 44!.99 Psi
Bolts And Por,rra:r' Screlrrs
r
J. !:,, i7 cm x i-6 crn a ir conr prcs.Eor
1". Determine the pe rr-nissible !r\,,.ji..j(in3 has
5 bolts on cylirrder he::d i,vith ,7ieid
stress of LINC bolts that has ,,r stre :;:;
slress of 440 ivipa. lf the boit strrss
area of 0.606 in2 if niaterial r_rseci ii ai'ea is 0.13 iit2, r:ietei-niine the
carbon steel.
rraxin-ium pressLli-e inside the
* ci.,lincler.
Sw e/I0'1rB
51v =(5000) (0.606 l1;r;tt'rtri
Str 211 '-s
Sw = 4055.49 Psi Fe = -.-.-..-
6

7. The stress area of UNC bolt is 0.763 4 l0-'."10',(prt r -.Jl-_i'1 {t,.13 rrrz rr s
in2, if material used in carbon steel, t(,1..;-5 l(l)a;
Fe
determine the applied ioacl r:n the
boit. tq-=-49&0Zlb.

Fa - C A1,118 n l.-e
P3 - (5000) (0.7{;3 i,rt.lt ,iitt ILIL

te_l_4!Z]{LL I.

3. Corrpute the working strength af 1 5 ( 4.98.r;7 il; )

%in.bcslr which is screw,ed r_rp l-rghLil:
"
(y:::z-i,{*i'
in packed joint when the allc;rvance 4
P
working stress is 13,000 psi. =-142.2Eei

vJ = st { 0.5-5 D, - 0.25D)
6. cylinder he;iri of amnronia
Tl"re

W = 13,000 psi [0.5_5 (1.5 in) , compressor has core gasket are B0
- A.Z5
(1.sinll crn2 anci flange prt:ssure cf g0
kgf cm2. Determine tire tr:rque
$' --11212-q Lb.
applied on the boli if norninal
i diameter clf bolt is use d is 3/5 inch
+. Determine the riiameter of bc,ii
and there are 5 boits.
rreeded to tightly pacl<ed the.yoint is
bolt working strength is 90.76 l(t,
it_
n F{i
anci rvorking stre:is i-s 132.71 fulpa. t--
A
w = sr (0.55 Dr - 0.25D) kct s ( Fa
90-*
cm' = B0 cm2
)

90.76 KN
L kg 2.2as h 22As Lb
F; ., _14 tr] kg x ---.
0.00q81ffru i k.q
't i:g-
ie.,-3125?-&-
BZ.71x1o" rou,.-liZ-ti --,., ,,.,
' 1{}I.325 t{7;t1."'"-
-i--11 1tr-n
(D,) - o.Zsl t'-v..Ltou

r = 0 2 (317s.2rn1
' ,.t i._1 iril
1.7000103379 = 0.55D2 -0.25D :l
By quadratic formula l- = 381-.02 in-lb
D,=7, Dz = -1.55
D-12r_r
 7. fhe total torrjue i"equii"ed tc turir th: Celerritirre the iorcJue neecled to
power screlv l.s -50 hl.m" lf thr line;:r
tu;'n iiie screw.
spe ed of'screr,nr is 7 ft/min ancl the
lead r:f B rnm, fincj the hor,sepo,wsi.
L=i-J
input of the power sci-cw. L = 5 mirl
^ L 5 tlt))L
t4tt t/
V=N -
nDm n(2lttttn)
N--
v
lqlri-=! rc3€€
I,
I=-t
\,1' Din. tan 0+f
'
7ft 1.71L TAAO n-all
'2 '1-fLan0l I

---=-x
'-l.ZLt t
., l)1t r1 'J.zB I It I ?)t

B ntnt 5{)u jtr,r.. 1'J--I1zs n}rn .\-lo()o"",n,,r-)

T r ri.(.,r ,

N = 266.69 rpll 2

P = 2nTN ,li--cs (r+..s)i (o.oo:oe)+ o.r

L - ;;
I tttr rr
1,1 -.--or (o,offi (,6)
P = 2rr (50 li.rn) (2So r:q i ij-n x-- ---
ht] .!t,J'
P = 1396.37 \V x --:*
I it.t) I= i0.3CI N-m

I r0,,q iJouble square threacl power

-f,-QZlp
screvv has a ilean radius of B0 mnr
B. A single square threacl power scie,,r,,/ ancJ piich of 10 mm is usecl to liit a
has a lead of 6 rrnr ancl rnean
Ioad of B0 i(N. lf friction of screw is
diameter of 34 mm. lf it is used tc
0._13, and collar torque isZA% of
lift a load of 26 KN ancl coefficier:i: of input torque, determirre the input
friction of thread is 0.15. Deteri-mir.:e
tcrciue required.
the torque requirecl to turn the
SCTEW- I -- ar)
L=2(10nrrn)
lt)tn'
tan g = -.-L-_=--6 L = 2-0 inri.r
n,')ttt :rt'J.t ni t,t ,
Di-n = 2 Rn'i
Dn-;=2(.9it 6rrr)
tan I = 0-0_!_6_ll
Drrt = 150 rnm
WDnt,l:)nHj-I
l= ,---.--! Tan0=
2 'l - / i;iri Fl nDnt
-
..- Lii 2A mtn
| 26x1U',\ )f : I 71171' =
f - ---;
()(.)li /t; ).-
r (tao rrnn)
- ?_

. 0.05617+0.15
'1- o.1s (0.0s617)J Iair_€-- !.0€ZE9
--t
L = 91.9 trJ-nr
. it'/)?il _,---:'
titr) A+ f ,
' 2 'l-/tln0l
9. An acme thread power screvu that
has a r:ean ciiameter clf 25 nrm ;nc Coxlo ti/ G6o mm.rl ""rit il?',)
pitch of 5 mnr is used to iift a loaci ,:i T -- _-.._- OOO

2
500 kg. lf friction on threads is L).1,
;_(o1r?ruq)l
i rj_
Lr-(o.r:)(o.o3s7Bs)i r
 Tan 6t = A.21?_21
T = 1092.3C i.j,nr

Tt=T+Tc
tarL9 (1- f tan})
l-i=T+0.2Ti tano+f +ffi6-Stunel
Ttotal- 0.2 Tt = T
0.3 Ttotal= 1092.30 h,l-rn tttn9 (7-ftan?)
r!_-_1365.4Q1!:l tanq + f

1"1. The root dianteter of a cioLil_rlt: .r._1. . A.?-lZ2 li t-/: r..,tZZltl

U.Dioi
square thread pou/er scre!./ is 0.5S 0.212?.i t f
inch. The screw has pi16[ ol 0.f iricn.
Determine the major cjiameter. t-u.i!f

L=2P i4. SeLrare thread scre!v has a efficiencv

L=2(0.2in) of 7A % wiren friction of threads is
[- = 0.4 in 0. 10 ancj collar f riction is negligible,
Do=Di +t../2 deterntirre the learJ arrsle.
Do = 0.55 in + 1-,
Lcut9 (1- j'Lo.tr"A)
Do = 0.75 irl e- . fcdc
t etrA+ -l*-,_.. i L- 1't rLrt1l
u!|t
i"2. A power screw consirrre.s 6 hp in
raising a 2800 lb. weig;ht at the raie ^ tttrr.A (L- [tart€:
u'-_-
of 30 ft/min. Deternrine tire LcLnA + l'

efficie nc1, of the scre w.

/\ T tan9 (1--(t. it.rrlr;
L/-/ ----..-.-.--'
=
Po=WxV tcLn? +-o.i
Po = 2800 lb x 30 ftlnrin
lo = 9469 [::!-!: igt,e: e255
po = B4oo ,#. A -- tn--7 rn ?7r;l
i,l#r.T
' ti;in 1.4.3
Po = 2.55 h,ir
^_ ['o _ 3.55 hp 75. A 12 crl .x 16 cm air conipressor is
Pi 6lt.1t
opc Iing ra;ith lrraxrnt Ltm pressLtre
ra
e=O.4242x1AA%
e = 4?..42%,._
of 1"0kg/crn2.l'here are 5 bolts
which held by cylindei" head to the
13. A square thread po,wer screlnr has cornpressor. \,'llhat is the maximum
a
pitch diameter r:f 1.5 anrl a lead of 1 ioad pei- bolt in l(l.i?
incir. Neglecting collar fniction,
E'
determine the coefficient of fricti,;n D-_
t-

for threads if screw efficiency is A

n.l2
63.62%. P(""')=F
,4
'' )r) cnt12
1. lrt
ttDm ;r (r.S in)
 F = 1130.97 kg x
git!,1lil P= 2945.24 ft-lb/n:ir )<
lkg -:_!l+_,,
33rJfru li : 'Y

Il=lJ8_g:.lB
F = 11.09 KN
18. Cr:mpute the wo:l<ing slrength of 1
Fb(n) =P inch bolt which is screr,ved up tightly
in a pacl<ed joint when ihe allowable
F 11.09 I(N
Fb=-= TL
',vorking stre-ss is 130C0 psi.
Fb = 222 W = Si ( 0.55, D2 - 0.25D)

16. What weight can be Iifted i:r,, a scieur

W = 1,3/000 psi [0.55 (1 in) , _ 0.25 (1 in)]
that has an efficien,:y of B0% if it i-.
operated by a 50 lb. force at the ei"rr:j w_:jgqO_Irs_
:f a 30 irrch lever? -ihe 6;iiclr
diameter of a screvl,l is % incir. 1.9. \li
hai is ,.,r;orking strerngti: of 2 inch
bclt r,vhich is screwed up tightly in a
vv (..]))
Screw eff. = packed joint wlren tni: aiiowable
F (Znr)
working stress is 12000 psi?

\^t
vv=%
_ sL'rew ef J lF (trr)) w = st (0.55 D, - 0.25D)
P

W = 12,000 psi [0.55 (2 in) , - 0.25 (2 in)]

W- !1so-Il9itl3!3*1i")l 1f2i*
wl!4Q!-lh:
W = 15079.64 lbs.
7C. \,t/hui isihe frictlonal hp acting on
17. Find the hp lost when a cicll2p i5
cciia;- lcaded rvitlr 100 kg rveight'?
lcaded with 1000 tb. rotates at 25
The c,-rilai-iras an outside cliameter
rpm, and has a coefficient of friction
of l,l0 mr:-i and an lnternal cliameter
cf 0.15. fhe outside riiarneter of the
i--'1':0 :i-rnThe coilar rotates at iCr00
collar i.s 4 inch ernd inside diameter is '.
i'i:rl and lhe coer'ficient of friction
2 inch.
belv,;een the ccllar anclthe pivot
surface ls 0.15.
pq -.go+Dl 4 tn-1-2 itt
=
2
Do+Di 10A tnrn*4.0 rrvn
Dc_--_-
Dc=3inxlft/12in 2
17|1"1rr
Dc = 70 mm x lOAO lmrL
Fcw Dc Dc = 0.07 m
Tc = ---_
) L Fcw Dc
l^--

T. - 0. 15 ( l{)()o ilttl(i '. if t .,

2 Tr-
k-izl l!_ib 2

P = 2nTcN Tc_L15x10-3 t(N-m

P = t,t (i8.75 {t lb) i,l5 rpnri
 21. lf the pitch of a screw is 2/9, find tl're
thread per inch.
i:E_-qf.:eiUfly =_1_.4-3 rlr 2 setscrew

-\ 24. Far a bolted connection,

TPI=- specificaticn suggests that a high
P
1
grade material of 13 mm bolt be
IPI =7,
'/ - tightened inirial tension of 55000 N.
9 itt What is the appropriate tightening
torq ue ?
TPI = 4.5I[rsQrl ;ter" incn
T-n1i:;r\
| v,L. I I U
-
22. An eye bolt is lifting a blocl< r,i,,eiqirl;j
3:;0 ib. The eye iroir irs of SAE _iC4.C
rnaterialwith Su=G7 psi anci Sy.-55
T = O.2 (55,000 N) (13mnr * ""trtrrt ))
7 OO[)
psi, what is the stress area of l-he
holt if it is under unified coarse .L t+g N:11
series tlrread ?
2_5. An eye bolt is lifting S00 tb. wei;1ht.
SY 4t.s l-he Sir=70 ksi and Sy=58 ksi. What is
-l-P - --:--
6 ii'le srress area of the bolt?

IsJ6)
Sy

, t ,[.ll,c, rrrt'l rf, l"e ((,)

As=
{ ..-,s"Lo i,;..
&:_-Q "-34id r s /5t){) l}s (rr)
1--'--:,--
5l,lr10'psl
i/
23. Compute hoiv many 3/B inch
diametei" set scre\^/s requireci
transmitting 3 hp at a shafts speca
As = 0.1388 id
of 1000 rpm. The shaft rJiameter !s i
25. Find the hp requireci tr: drive a
in ch.
por^/er screw lifting a load of 4000
lb. A 2 and% inches doubie square
D N (t"'3
HD=-.--_
' thread ln;ith two threads per inch ls
50
to be r:sed. The l'rictional racJius of

Hp
1 iil (1ooo 7 p9_ql*!t: ti.:e collar is; 2 inches and the
coefficie nt of fricticn is 0. i0 foi- the
50
tlrreads and 0.15 f c,r tne collar. The
veii:ciLir cf the unit cf tlre nut is i0
@crew ftlr-n in.

3Hp
No. of setscrew =
2.09 6 Hp / s e t.s ct. cr,,l '!

= ff-l
.t- I |)!
 P =lzin L=L140m=0.025rn
Dc=2rc
Dc=2(2in) ran li^ = L 0.0 :i> t'tt
Dc=4irr rrDnt TT (36 nllil r'.--l-'/?'--y
1oo(\ nttit/
L=2p=2{U?-in)
L=1in
I
l{! j-:!?]loj
lan t) =
nDn'L ){ \L.J Ltt.l
-,._.\V l)nr ,ct.rs u tirrt 6,-/ r

\pN-Q.t2J32 2 "cos a*
f i;tn 0 '
t0n0 (L- f t:an.A)
_ (ro,r
.
/,, * eir,.iiry)io
,,'1,-
o:ul
i_
tan.o+S J*'9e*f rana) 2
,(cos I 4.s)lO.ZZxOS) +0.15.-
L
0.127 3 2[ 1 - cos 14.5-0.i5 (0.22j05'r I
0. 1 (0. 1 27 :]2)j
e-
[!,
'-- frrr-!lztl1'
fo.5)(+
O,12732+0.1+-- -- I:l !g-18Z-KN:!l
z.s itt x.u' i\r{r-o. i ( a. i zr 32,)
€ = 0.2708 Tt=T-rTc
Po=W>lV Tt=T+0.2Tt
tr
Po = 4000 lbs (10 ftlm'n)
i L - u. /
[= I I

A ^,'-r
U.-J I L = U.tic15 / .r;\-fl.r
Po = 40,000 ft-lb/min
Po : - u.J/ / _ra i'.i\-lll
6--__
Pi
P = 2nTt\l
Po 40,000 ft--{b/min lL'-: r
Pi =-=
e 0.27 0:)
p= 2n io.o77 34 r(N-m) (.ioo
i;ll,I +If)
{)(J -SL,( '
P = 3"239 KW

Pi = 147735.17 ftlb/mi., , -f1*: 28. The root diameter of a tJoubie

33000 " :'"
square thread is 0.55 inch. The
Pi = 4.477 tp screw has pitch of 0.20 inctr. FincJ
the outside dianreter ancl the
27. A double thread acrne screw ciriven
nurrrber of threads pei- inch.
by a motor at 400 rpm raises the
attach load of 900 kg at a speecl 1L{)
L= 2P
rn/rnin. The screw has a pitch
L=2(0.2 in)
diameter of 36 nrm. 'The coefficienr
L=0.4in
ot friction on threads is 0.15. 'Ihe Dn=Di +. I/?
friction torque on tlre thi-ust bearing A.4 itt
of the motor is taken has 20% oi ti-ie Do = 0.55 in = ---_-
)
tr:tal torque input. Deternrine the Do = 0.75 in
motor power required to cperaie
the screw. .I-n, --
.L

-
P
V=NL
TPI =
,L=- 10 tnftnin 0.2 in-
4C0 rev f mirt
 IPI= 5 th rea{-pgi' i ncir 0.t (;0U0 lbs)(3 ln+6 in)
=- _
29. A single square ihreacj power scre\,\r
is raise to ioad 70 i(i!" 'l-he screw has Tc = 7Q!_in-lbs.
a major diameter of 36 rnm at a
pitch of 6 nrnr. Thr: ct-rt,:f l. Of thrL:ad 31. Caiculate thc bolt area in rnnr2 ol
f'rictior, and the collar fricticn are each oi -lti Liolts use to l,arsten tlre
0,13 and 0.10 resper_tiveiy. tf thr: hemisplie:'icaljoints of a 580 mm
collar mean diameter is !i0 rnr-.n,and pressui-e \./essel wlth an internal
tlre screw turns at 60 r;:in, find the pressure of 10 Mpa and a material
combine efficiencv of the sc[€w 2i^rrJ strength of B0 Mpa and bolt
colla r. strength of 150 MPa.

L=P F
p=-
L=6mm A
h=P/2
_ rr^
r-rA
r_
6 tnm
h- =3rnm (580 rnnr)2r
2 F=l-0M pa(-
,7r
, --J
Dm=Do-h
Dm=36mm-3ml'r l-=28!4fg-!2_N
F 2642079.4.2 N
Dm=33mm Fb=-=
N 20
t. 6 illrrt rp,-132Ui-€zl!
Tan 6
tr Dtt rc (33 m"nt)
^ I:b

iato : o.a5ZV5 Fb
s
tan1 (i-itftrl)) _ 732L03.97 N
|^ = ^
fl-_.----
tan9 1 + r!-.:::( I - [ t ;trt?) 150 Mpct
-----V;;;-

6-
o.os7 87 5 [1- 0.1 3 (0.0 s 78 7s)] A = 880.69 mm2
0.0s787s + 0 13 +9:rl:!l' Sf f rl o r= f ,r, n r,,
--
e=0.1.2526x1AA%

e = 12.576"i/,

30. The collar of the cilD;iJn jrls a:,

outside diameter r:[ 3 iiicires;,nii
inside diameter of L-, iircnes. "i'ii,:
total loads supports is 2000 ii:. ii,tirr:
coeff. of friction is 0.10 ,i.nyha'r is the
colla r friction torq ue.

Fc W (Do+oi)
Tc=
-0r
.Spring
P - (l0tl i(ll1rl) {fi.0i, rn)
L. A S,quarcri ir itii r.,,rui;tij <tiri.is.,prirrg *, F - 6|(i'J
has a pitch cif 70 i''tnr. v'uirr: li iai,.rutrrr
of 12.5 mrl. rf tirere ;rrti -i2 ai:'Li.r;i 3, A spring rate has a spring rate of 30
num ber of coil:, ihe r-.le i'iectir-rn v;l-iE l.':
l(N/nr. lf ';vire cjiameter is 10 mm
the spring is cr;rr':1.:lessed ia il.s; si-:ilii wirh a mean diameter of 70 r-lm,
"length. deterrxine the nurnber r:f active
coils. G=80 GN/m2
G ive n:
P = 20 nrnt
Given:
d = 12.5 nrn-t k = 30 Ktrurn
Actrra[ = 12
d = l-0 n:nr
Y (D St-
Dm = 7O mn'r
Actual = n-2 n=?
-S@G G = B0 fitl/*rl
1-2=n+2
5'r[$-a"u
n=l-0 !f f- I' tr; ) rr
\/-
i-
BFC:TN
5"p-1u!rgn. 4
Gtl" ri (,'
FL" = Ys i-SL
'/s=FL.*51
Y tl4 ()
Ys = np +2d - (ri-2lri fl-l - ----
It -
8F Dm'
Ys = np + 2ci-- n<i 2;:
Ys = n {o-d) ,,1 ^
g"' !.:
Ys = 10 \20 - :2.!'; 31
---- ?
o YS = 75 ti-.1;,. ti k I )'!'!]'

f La trurn\4 .eo Gl/-

1 A springl rvitli pi.il;l tirci,s has 15 *_\
t_ ! {.__.-__l
toaa ) . ffrl )
active coils diarneier oi;J rr"rni pilci't
trl 1.0 n-,r,t. lf sprrn3 r'are is li-)fi l(irl,1nr,
"*;f3oIr)r
\ ig;
./ '1u00', ?I1

detern:ine the soiid fci-ce.

* \= 9'vZ
Given:
tt-aJ A
A spring has a ioad of 50 lb. with a
F= 10 mrl spring index of 8. !f stress induced is
d = 6mrn 90,CI00 psi, determine the wire
k = 1001(N/m diameter.
SF =l
Sclution: Given:
Ys = n (P-c'!) F=50 lb
Ys = 15 (10-6) C=8
Ys = 60 nlnl = 0.06 m S= 90,000 Psi
E
tr d=?
K-- Solution:
Y

F=kY
 , 4C -- 1 {1.(,,I 5 tr-1lc\/
L /2 I
1- ----
- I

l( ==

--
4.C *,1 (: Y=3in
Dm=7d
4({i)- I
t,______' _
o(rIll
_t___ Ss = 100,000 Psi
N-
4(8)-.r I

I d=?
Scl iutio n:
k _1f!4Q Drn 7 rJ
C-

d=
\
ri,
,ssn
_ 2 (200 f L-Lb) _
;=_r___'_- _ 1600 1/)
:l r r. l-

B(so /bs)(1.1 84 o)(B)

i.=L')-'+!1!r
4i7)-;
: l;Zl '7

d=

a e$ = 0.11--17 in

5, It is fo-;nci tha'. a load o[' 5C ii;. ai: 56(1600 tb)(l21,)

extension coilspring defecis 3.5 ln zrf' iOo,ooo'
L)7 ""' )
What load def lects the spring Z.ll in?

Give n: e d = 0.588149
F=5olb
Y=B.5in .Aweight of 100 lbs. Strikes a coil
F=? spring from a height of 18 inches
Y=2.5in and defiects the spring of 6 inches.
Spl-u!a.&' Find the average force acting on the
FF spring.
tt
Given:
50 lbs F 'r/V = 1.00 lbs
8.5 lir 2.5 irt H=l-8in
Y=6in
o F=14.70ib. F-ave =?
Solution:
t,
A A spring sustains 200 it
lb ol,:rrr g'1
W in+Y)= f-l
with deflection of 3 in. Assunre tlierl
'2' Y
the main coil diameter is 7 timei the
W(n+Y)
wire dianieter and ailowabie sti'ess : FG.ue
Y
of 100,000 psi, deterrnine the v;ire
dia meter.
100(18 + 6)
: Fave
G iven:
E = 200 ft-lb
 e {-qyg1p!lb Each spring has a gradient of 0.117
kg/mm.
8. lf it is determirred elxperimcrir.aliy
that a load of 20 kg aupliecj io;,^, Given:
extension coil spring rvili prcrri,:ie a F=350k9
deflection of 200 rnnr. Whar icaii K= 4.717
,.^vill deflect thr: spi'ing 60 rnii:. Ft = F1+F2+F3+F4
Yt - Y1-Y2-Y3
G ive n: 360
rL -
Y= 200 nrn-r 4.

F=20kg
v-' t; -
36Oy"
Y=60mm t+
Sa.Lu-tro-[ k 0.717
l; [;
-:-
YY @ Y = 125.52
2A F
200 60
to have a mean
11. A coil spring is
I- f
I.:r)NF.r'l--
diameter of 50 mm anci is to suppoi't
a load of 1000 N. The allowabie
9. Three extension coilspring are working stress is 415 MPa and the
hookecl in series and supporis ;: modulus of elasticity in shear is 80
weight oi 70 kg. 0ne spring lras a GPa. Fire the wire diameter of the
spring rate of 0.2C9 kg/rr:nr, arri.j iire spring in nrm.
other two harie sprin5; rat,:s oi 0.[:+,]
kg/mm. Finrj the defiection. Given:
Dm=50mm
Given: F=1000N
F=70k9 5s = 415 Mpa
l(1 = 0.209 kg/mnr E=B0Gpa
K2 = k3 = 0.643 kg/rnrl d=?
Y=? -\c
JJ- - _-
BFkDm
* ).5
Solution:
F - Fl--F2=,F3 5s zr ItDnt
Yt= Y1+Y2+Y3
F'F DT d:'
Yt=-- + - +L
KK K
t. _
4(*1)c+(,tc -,r.i(o.ar i 5)
I\-
(+c-+)c
70 '70 /\)
11=---* -r
0.209 0.i;43 t'(-t]{r.+3 V-
42-c+2.46c-2.46
+(c-7)c
r Yt = 557.66 nrm
t, _
+c2 +L46C-2.+6
10. Four cornpression coil spring in 4C2 -4C
parallelsupport a Ioad of 36C kg.
 4c2 +!.46C -2.46
t,
N-
_ _
4{C2 - C) 5A'mrt
u=
i

6.94u
,tt^2 -rt l.tul
'fL 1 ,4L,, -- L.'r\t
a,l/:
4S.s n" (t .. ---)/)rri u, d_7._19_Q
BF d'

4Ss n 4c2+1.46-2,.46 C
i8. Allfour compression coil spring
(*) !Lrppo;-t orre ioad of 4CC kg. All four
BT' c(.(' - I )
springs are arranged in parailel and
r-ailed same at 0.704 kg/mm.
4Ss n 4c2 + 1.46 --'2.+6 C
/
at a -- ^\
(P) Compute the cleflection in mm.
ul' '\. |, ) I

Paralls"!
4Ss zr 4c2+1,.46c-2.46
BF d.')(c - 1) T_ aa _ra_ra
r * r L*Tz-r5
\/ \/1 \/a
| - tr- t1
4Ssrc 4c2+L.4.6c -2.46 V
Ii
=-Y
BF Dnt:' ,
t1
ft(c 400
t. ;*
4Ss rcDm2 4cz + 1"45c - 2.t16 l-
li A.7 A4.
8r.' cz(c * 1)
, Y =_141.09
Ss nDnt2 c'74c'*1.46c-2.46)
ZP (c-1) l;,'. A force :! L.L l(N is aciing on a 7.5
active coils wiih r,vire diameter of 13
Ss nDm.2 4ca+1.46c:t-2,46c2 rnnr. The outsicle cliameter of coil i-s
2b (c -- 1) 117 rnm and G=80 GN/rn2.
Dr:term ine the cieflection.
rl\l\
(41,5'" o)ni'50rrriirr
\ Tnm'/ '
---4 -io-00,9 - G ive n:
F=1.1KN
4c+ + L.it|c'r - 2.4.i:c2
r-t = 7.5
(c-i) d=l-3mm
Do = 117 mm
G = E[]GN/nr2
4ca )- .1.46c1' --2.46c2
1.629.7 011 BCJ : Y=?
(c-1)
Solu llon:
C= 6.94818593 .t r r-ii ",
LJ I' L IL
\/ _ -_=----
/- ri
gL{
Dm
tL
a-__
Dm
Dm
L
-d
 Do-d ?L. Flni the \A/ahl f;:ctor of the spring
^
tL i-raving arr inside diameter of 10
inches and r,vire clianreter of 0.75 in.
717 -1 3
1)
l.)
Solurtion:
Dm
C=B )
LL
B (1 1 1(t/)(B)3(r'.5)
Y_ )r)
t)06N/rnr(13-)((') L_
Di+d 10-r-0.75
d 0.7 5

o y= 32.4X!l
e__ul3
20. Compute the defiection of a 16 ccli.s
helical spring having a load of 12r-l
4C-1, 0.(r15
!/___I--_
4C-4.
I

C
kg. The modulus of elasticity ii'r slre :r'
of spring is 100 Gpa, outside:
diameter of 10 crl anci v,riih i0 i.--:irr 0.fl15
'i'(i'1.33)-1 -1---
lr I
t\- -
wire diameter. The spring is,srli:;,i.:. 1t.(14.33)-4 14.:13
and ground ends.
,, l,- l
'' l'\
-
nOO
)-.V-tJ

Given:
tr - 1)fi lo
l a4v t\h
l -.,',, lrii;ir rlloy spring liavi;rg sqirai-cd
G = 100 Gpa arrrd grcLrnd encls and has a total of
Do = 10 cnr 15 coils arrd moduir-rs of eiasticity in
d=10mm siiear of E5 GPa. Compute the V'/al'rl
Y=? factoi'.
-l-ire
spring outside dianreter
Solution: is 9.66 cm and wire dianreter is 0.65
Square and Ground L-t)1.
16 = n+7-
n=L4 C ive n:
C = dm/d
Square Ground = 16
a-_
100-10
€ = 85 lv4pa
10
k=?
C=9
Do = 9.66 crn
ri = 0.65 crn
v_-BI;C3tt
t-
Gd Dtn
cL

B (120x9.81 ru) (9):r (14)

Y- Do-ct- 9.66-0.65
(rooq+)6{,r;
\ llLz /'1or)
L_ = -----
tl 0.(,5

* C = l-3.86
o Y= 96.12
 Spur Gear Pc x 8 = π
Pc = 0.39269 in.
1. Find the tooth thickness of a 14.5 deg.
In volute gear having a diametral pitch Pc = = 0.39269 =
of 6. D1 = 1.5in.
SOLUTION:
0.39269=
TOOTH THICKNESS= D2 = 4.625 in.

x C=
=6.65 mm C= 3 in.
2. A gear set having a gear ratio of 3 is to 5. Two parallel shafts have an angular
be used at a center distance of 10 in. if velocity ratio of 3 to 1 are connected by
the gear has 60 teeth, what must be the gears, the largest of which has 54 teeth.
circular pitch? Find the number of teeth of smaller
SOLUTION: gear.

Pc= SOLUTION:

N1=20 TEETH

Pc = N1 = 18 teeth
=0.785 in. 6. A spur pinion rotates at 1800 rpm and
3. Compute the speed of the gear transmits to a mating gear 30 hp. The
mounted in a 52.5 mm diameter shaft pitch diameter is 8 in. and the pressure
receiving power from a prime motor angle is 14 ½. Determine the total load
with 250 Hp. in lbs.
SOLUTION:
D=52.5 mm x
SOLUTION: Hp=

Hp= 30=

250= T=87.54 ft – lbs x

N=2265 rpm.

Ft=
4. Find the distance between centers of a
pair of gear, one of which has 12 teeth
FL =
and the other 37 teeth. The diametral
pitch is 8.
FL = 271.24 lbs.
SOLUTION:
Pc x Dp =
 7. It is generally recommended and 10. A spur pinion supported on each side by
normal for a designer to add a hunting ball bearing rotates 1750 rpm and
tooth to evenly distribute the wear on transmit to a mating gear at 25 Hp. The
meshing teeth like a 53 teeth mesh with pressure angle is 20 deg. And the pitch
30 teeth pinion. Find the rotation of diameter is 5. Determine the tangential
pinion to mesh same pair of teeth load in lbs.
again.
GIVEN: SOLUTION:
N1 = 30 teeth (pinion)
N2 = 53 teeth (gear or mesh)
SOLUTION:
25=
THE MESH TEETH OF THE GEAR IS EQUAL TO
53.
T=900 ft-lb x = 900 in-lbs
8. A spur pinion rotates at 1800 rpm and
transmits to mating gear 30 hp. The
pitch diameter is 14” and the pressure Ft= =
angle is 14 1/2. Determine the =360 lbs.
tangential load in lbs. 11. The minimum clearance allowed for
SOLUTION: meshing spur gears with a circular pitch
of 0.1571 and diametral pitch of 20. The
Hp=
spur gear has 25 teeth.
SOLUTION:
30=

Cm=
T=87.54 ft – lbs x
Cm=0.007855

Ft=
12. Compute the speed of the gear
9. Two idlers of 28T and 26T are mounted on a 52.5 mm diameter shaft
introducing between the 24T pinion receiving power from a driving motor
with a turning of400 rpm driving a final with 250 hp.
96T gear. What would be the final
speed of the driven gear and its D=52.5 mm x
direction relative to the driving gear SOLUTION:
rotation.
SOLUTION: Hp=

250=
N=2265 rpm.

N2=100 rpm opposite direction

13. The minimum whole depth of spur gear
of 14 1/2 . deg. Involute type of with
diameter pitch of 24 and circular pitch
of 0.1309.
SOLUTION:
18. A 36 teeth pinion with a running speed
WHOLE DEPTH = of 300 rpm drives 120 teeth gear of
14.5 degrees involute full depth
= pressure angle .What would be the
=0.089875 in. speed of the driven gear?
14. An internal gear is set up with a 5 in N1T1=N2T2
diameter pinion and center distance of (300×36)=(N2×120)
18 inches. Find the diameter of internal N2 = 90 rpm
gear. SOLUTION: 19. Find the tooth thickness on the tooth
circle of the 20 degree full depth
C= involute tooth having a diametral pitch
of 3 circular pitch of 1.0472 and whole
18= depth of tooth at 0.60.
D2=41 in.
15. The tooth thickness of a gear is 0.5 in.
and its circular pitch 1.0 in. Calculate
the dedendum of the gear.
SOLUTION:

TOOTH THICKNESS = 13.3mm

TOOTH THICKNESS =

20. A pair of gear ratio of 3 and 60 gear

0.5=
teeth of 14.5 degrees full depth tooth.
Dp = 3.1416
The diametral pitch is 10. Compute the
tooth thickness on the pitch circle.
DEDENDUM = =0.3979 in.
16. Compute for the tooth thickness of 14
1/2 spur gear with diameter pitch=5.
SOLUTION:
TOOTH THICKNESS = 0.15708 in
TOOTH THICKNESS =
21. A pair of gear/pinion of 42 tooth and 18
= tooth which a diametral pitch of 0.7874
TOOTH THICKNESS=0.31416 in teeth/cm and the addendum is 0.8/p
17. Compute the circular pitch (in inch) of a and addendum 1/p. The gear pressure
pair of gears having a ratio of 4 and angle is 20 degrees .Compute the
center distance of 10.23.Each gear has center distance of the pair of gears in
72 teeth and pinion has 18 teeth. meters.
 25. An engine of a motor vehicle with a
22. An internal gear requires an idler gear if
the driving gear is 6 inches in diameter
and the center distance of the idler to
the driver is 20 inches .What is the
inside diameter of the driven gear?
26. An engine of a motor vehicle with a
23. A cut gear transmits 25 HP at a pitch
line velocity 6000ft/min. If the service is
intermittent the dynamic load is?
24. A precision gear transmits 25 HP at a
pitch line velocity of 6000ft/min. if the
service is intermittent.
27. An engine of a motor vehicle with
wheel diameter of 712mm develops 50
KW at 2000rpm. The combine efficiency
of the differential transmission is
75%with an overall speed reduction of
25 is to 1. Determine the torch to be
delivered by the clutch in N-m.
wheel diameter of 712 mm develops 50
KW at 2000 rpm. The combined
efficiency of the differential and
transmission is 75% with an overall
reduction of 25 is to 1. Determine the
draw bar pull developed in KN.
wheel diameter of 712mm develops 50
KW at 2000 rpm. The combined
efficiency of the differential and
transmission is 75% with an overall
speed reduction of 25 is to 1.
Determine the speed reduction of
travel of the vehicle in km/hr.
 29. A speed reduction gear box consists of
an SAE 4140 steel pinion mounted to a
shaft on a 30 HP, 1750 rpm electric
motor. The pinion drives a cast steel
(with 0.25% carbon) gear with speed
reduction of 5:1 .Assuming 20 degrees
involute stub and 16 teeth pinion,
determine the pitch diameters.
28. A four wheel vehicle must develop a
From the table: DP=3
draw- bar of 17,000 lbs. The engine
which develops 500 HP and drives 500
HP and drives through a gear
Dp = 5.33 in
transmission a 34 tooth spiral bevel
pinion which meshes with a spiral bevel
gear having 51 teeth. This gear is keyed
Dg = 26.67 in
to the drive shaft of the 48 in diameter
30. A pinion rotating at 1800 rpm and
rear wheels of the vehicle. What
supported on each side by a ball
transmission gear ratio should be used
bearing transmit 18KW to a mating spur
if the engine develops maximum torque
gear. If the pressure angle is 20 degrees
at 1500 rpm? Note: the efficiency of the
and pitch diameter is 102 mm,
bevel gear differential is 80%.
determine the tangential load.

31. Two shaft are connected by spur gears.

The speech radii of the gears A and B
are 207 mm and 842 mm respectively. If
shaft A makes 350 rpm and is subjected
to twisting moment of 236 N-m, what is
the tooth pressure of the gears?
 Helical Gear
1. A 20-tooth helical gear has a pitch T=875.35 ft-lb
diameter of 10 in.. Find the T=Ft(D÷2)
diametral pitch of the gear. 10504.226 in-lb=Ft(8÷2)
Ft=2,626.056 lb Ans.
Solution: DP= 5. A turbine at 30000 rpm is used to
drive a reduction gear delivering 3
=
hp at 3000rpm. The gears are 20
DP = 2in. Ans.
degrees involute herringbone gears
2. A 28-tooth helical gear having a
of 28 pitch and 2 1÷8 in effective
pitch diameter of 7 has a helix angle
width. The pinion has 20 teeth with
of 22 degrees. Find the circular
a helix angle of 23 degrees.
pitch in a plane normal to the teeth.
Determine the load normal to the
tooth surface.
Pc= Dg÷Tg
= (7)÷28
Pc=0.78539 in.
Pcn÷Pc=cos
Pcn÷0.78539= cos 22® T=0.5252 ft-lb
Pcn=0.728 in. DP=T÷D
28=20÷D
3. A helical gear having a helix angle of D=0.714285 in.
23 degrees and pressure angle of 20 T=Ft(D÷2)
degrees. Find the pressure angle 6.3024 in-lb=Ft(0.714285÷2)
normal to the teeth. Ft=17.6467 lbs.
cos adjacent÷opposite
Tan n=tan cos cos23=17.6467÷x
Tan n=tan20cos23 x=19.1707
Tan n=0.335 Ans. tan =tan cos
tan =tan20cos23
18.523 degrees
cos =X÷Fn
4. A 75hp motor, running at 450 rpm cos18.523=19.1707÷Fn
is geared to a pump by means of Fn=20.2 lbs Ans.
helical gear having a pinion
diameter of 8 in. find the tangential 6. A helical gear having 20 teeth and
force of the gear. pitch diameter of 5 in. find the
normal diametral pitch if helix angle
is 22 degrees.
 DP=Tg÷Dg
DP=20÷5
Worm Gear
DP= 4 in. 1. A work rotating at 1150 rpm drives a
worm gear. The velocity ratio is 15 to 1.
DP÷DPn=cos
A 10 hp motor is used to supply the
4÷DPn=cos22
worm with worm pitch gear diameter of
DPn= 4.31 in Ans.
3 in. Find the tangential force on the
7. A helical gear tangential load of 200
worm.
lbs and axial load of 73 lbs. Find the
helix angle.
tan Wt÷Ft
tan 73 200
20.05 degrees Ans.
8. Two helical gear transmit 500 hp at
3600 rpm. What should be the 2. A double thread worm gear has a pitch
bore diameter of each gear be if the of 1 1/8 and a pitch diameter of 3 in. It
allowable stress in gear shafts is has a coefficient of friction of 0.2 and
12500 psi? normal angle of 14.5. The worm is
P=2 TN÷33000 supplied by 12 Hp at 1200 rpm motor.
500=2 (T)(3600)÷33000 Find the tangential force on the gear.
T=729.46 ft-lb The worm is left hand threads.
T=8753.5218 in-lb
S=16(T)÷ Dcube)
12500=16(8753.5218)÷ (Dcube)
D=1.5278 in Ans.

3. A single worm gear has a pitch diameter

of 2 in and a pitch of 1 in with
coefficient of friction of .21. The normal
angle is 14.5 with tangential force on
gear of 1000 lbs. Find the separation
force on the gear.

4. A double thread worm gear has a lead
angle of 7.25 degrees and pitch radius 2
½ in. Find the pitch of the worm.
5. A triple worm gear has a helix angle of
78 degrees. It has a pitch of ¾ in. Find
the pitch diameter of the gear.
6. A double thread worm has a lead of 1.5
in and pitch diameter of 3.5 in. If
normal pressure is 14.5 degrees, find
the pressure angle of the worm.
7. A triple thread worm gear has pitch of
¾ in and pitch diameter of 2 ¼ in. Find
the helix angle.
8. A three-thread worm gear rotating at
1000 rpm, drives a 31-tooth gear. Find
the speed of the gear.
9. A double thread worm having a pitch of
1 in is use to drive a 40 teeth gear. Find
the pitch diameter of the gear.
10. A triple thread worm gear is used to
drive a 25 teeth gear having a pitch of ¾
in. Find the center distance.
11. A double thread worm has a helix angle
of 82 degrees and a pitch diameter of 1
¾ in. The worm rotates at 800 rpm. Find
the linear speed of the worm.
12. A triple thread worm gear having a
diametral pitch of 5 in is use to deliver a
gear. The speed ratio is 10. Find the
pitch line velocity of gear if the worm
rotates at 600 rpm.

13. A double thread worm gear having a
pitch of 1 in and has a linear speed of
200 fpm. The pitch diameter of worm is
4 in. Find the tangential speed of the
worm.
14. A triple thread worm gear has a pitch of
¾ in and pitch diameter of 3.5 in. The
normal pressure angle is 14.5 degrees
and coefficient of friction is 0.1. Find
the worm efficiency.
15. A triple thread worm gear has normal
pressure angle of 14.5 and coefficient of
friction is 0.15. If worm efficiency is
70%, find the lead angle.
16. A worm has four threads of 14.5 normal
pressure angle and pitch diameter of 4
¼ in. The gear has 52 teeth of 1 ¾ in
pitch. Find the center distance of the
shafts.
17. A worm has four threads of 14.5 normal
pressure angle and pitch diameter of 4
¼ in. The gear has 52 teeth of 1 ¾ in
pitch. Find the efficiency of the worm if
friction is 0.03.
18. A triple thread worm has a pitch
diameter of 3 in. The wheel has 25
teeth and a pitch diameter of 5 in.
Material for both the worm and the
wheel is phosphor bronze. Compute the
helix angle.
19. A triple thread worm gear is use to
drive a 25 teeth gear having a pitch of ¾
in. Find the center distance.
20. A double threaded right worm gear
Bevel Gear
transmits 15 Hp at 1150 rpm. The pitch
1. A 20deg. full depth straight tooth gear
of the worm is 0.75 in and pitch
has a face width of 3 ¾ in and a pitch
diameter of 3 in. The pressure angle is
14 and ½ degrees and the coefficient of diameter of 12 in with cone pitch angle
of 37.5deg. Find the mean diameter.
friction is 0.12. Find the separating
force in pounds.

2. A straight tooth bevel gear has a face

width of 4” and a pitch diameter of 14
in with cone pitch angle of 40deg.. If the
torque on the gear is 8000 in-lb. What is
the tangential force on the gear?

3. A pair of straight tooth bevel gear

connects a pair of the shaft 90deg. The
velocity ratio is 3 to 1. What is the cone
pitch angle of smaller gear?

4. A spiral bevel pinion with a left hand

spiral rotates clockwise transmits power
to a mating gear with speed ratio of 2
to 1. Determine the pitch angle of the
pinion.
 8. The cone angle of pinion and the gear
are 25deg. and 65deg. respectively.
Find the speed ratio.

5. A spiral bevel pinion with a left hand

spiral transmits 4 hp at 1200 rpm to a
mating gear. The mean diameter of the
pinion is 3 in. Find the tangential force
at the mean radius of the gear.
9. A pair of bevel gear having a speed ratio
of 3 has 5-pitch at 14.5 deg. involute.
The pitch diameter of pinion is 8 in. Find
the addendum angle of the gear.

6. A pair of 4-pitch, 14.5deg., involute

bevel gear have 2:1 reduction. The pitch
diameter of the driver is 10 in and face
width of in. Determine the face angle of
the pinion. (Shaft at right angle).

10. A pair of bevel gear having a speed ratio

of 2 has 4-pitch at 14.5 deg. involute.
₁/2 The pitch diameter of pinion is 7 in. Find
the dedendum angle of the gear.

7. The cone angle of the pinion of a pair of

11. A class 3 pinion bevel gear is made of
bevel gear is 30deg. while for the gear
alloy steel hardened to 300 Brinell. The
60deg. If the pinion turns at 300 rpm,
pinion rus at 850 rpm with 5 in pitch
find the speed of the gear.
diameter. Find the gear stress at a
factor of safety 3.
 14. A four wheel vehicle must develop a
12. Compute the pitch angle of a bevel gear
given the pinions number of teeth of 14
and 42 teeth on the gear.
13. In a standard bevel gear, the pinion
rotates at 150 rpm, its number of teeth
is 14 while the gear has 42 teeth, what
is the pitch angle of the pinion?
draw-bar pull of 17,500lbs. The engine
which develops 500 hp and drives 500
hp and drives through s gear
transmission a 34 tooth spiral bevel
pinion gear which meshes with a spiral
bevel gear having 51 teeth. This gear is
keyed to the drive shaft of the 48 in
diameter rear wheels of the vehicle.
What transmission gear ratio should be
used if the engine develops maximum
torque at 1500 rpm? Note: the
efficiency of the bevel gear differential
is 80%.
 Belts
V=
1) Find the angle of contact on the small
V = 62.83 ft/s
pulley for a belt drive with a center (3/8)(12)=
distance of 72 in. if pulley diameters are
6 in. and 12 in., respectively.
(

HP= 69.50hp
2) Determine the belt length of an open
belt to connect the 6 cm and 12 cm 6) A belt connected pulley has 10 cm
diameter pulley at a center distance of diameter and 30 cm diameter. If center
72 cm. distance is 50 cm, determine the angle
of contact of the smaller pulley.
L= 2(72) +
L = 172.39 cm

3) A 12 cm pulley turning at 600 rpm is

7) A compressor is driven by a 18 KW
driving a 20 cm pulley by means of
motor by means of V-belt. The service
belt.If total belt slip is 5%, determine
factor is 1.4 and the corrected
the speed of the driving gear.
horsepower capacity of V-belt is 3.5.
(12*600)(1-0.05) = 20N2 Determine the number of belts needed.
N2 = 342 rpm

4) The torque transmitted in a belt

connected 300 mm diameter pulley is 4
KN-m. Find the power driving the pulley
if belt speed is 20m/sec.
8) A pulley 600 mm in diameter transmits
20 =
N = 21.22 50 KW at 600 rpm by means of belt.
Determine the effective belt pull.
P=2
P = 533.33 KN

5) A 3/8 in flat belt is 12 in. wide and is

used on 24 in. diameter pulley rotating
at 600 rpm. The specific weight of belt
is 0.035lb/in3. The angle of contact is
150 degrees. If coefficient of friction is
0.3 and stress is 300 psi, how much
power can it deliver?
9) A pulley has an effective belt pull of 3
KN and a angle of belt contact of 160
degrees. The working stress of belt is 2
Mpa. Determine the thickness of belt to
 be used if width is 350 mm and
coefficient of friction is 0.32.
F1-F2=3
=3
10) A pulley has a belt pull of 2.5 KN. If 20
HP motor is use to drive the pulley,
determine the belt speed.
11) A belt connects a 10 cm diameter and a
30 cm diameter pulleys at a center
distance 0f 50 cm. Determine the angle
of contact at the smaller pulley.
12) An 8 in. diameter pulley turning at 600
rpm is belt connected to a 14” diameter
pulley. If there is a 4% slip, find the
speed of 14 in. pulley.
13) A 3/8 in. flat belt is 12 in. wide and is
used on 24 in. diameter pulley rotating
at 600 rpm. The specific weight of belt
is 0.035lb/in3. The angle of contact is
150 degrees. If coefficient of friction is
0.3 and stress is 300 psi, how much
power can it deliver?
V=
V = 62.83 ft/s
(3/8)(12)=
HP= 69.50hp
14) The standard width of a B85 premium
quality V-belt is _______.
The standard width of a B85 premium pulley V-
belt =
15) Determine the width of a 6 ply rubber
belt required for a ventilating fan
running at 150 rpm driven from a 12 in.
pulley on a 70 HP at 800 rpm. The
center distance between pulley is 2 ft
and the rated belt tension is 78.0 lb/in
width.
16) A 25.4 cm pulley is belt-driven with a
net torque of 339 N-m. The ratio of
tension in the tight side of the belt is
4:1. What is the maximum tension in
the belt?
 C) Speed of driving pulley = 900
rpm
Determine the maximum power
that can be transmitted in KW?

559N

17) A 500 rpm shaft is fitted with a 30 in.

diameter pulley weighing 250 lb. This
pulley delivers a 35 hp to a load. The
shaft is also fitted with a 24 in. pitch
diameter gear weighing 200 lb. This
gear delivers 25 hp to a load. Assume
that the tension of the tight side of the
belt is twice that on the slack side of the
belt; determine the concentrated load
produces on the shaft by the pulley and
the gear in lb.
)(1.69)
19) An electric motor running at 1200 rpm
drives a punch press shaft at 200 rpm
by means of a 130 mm wide and 8 mm
thick belt. When the clutch is engaged
the belt slips. To correct this condition,
an idler pulley was installed to increase
the angle of contact but the same belts
were used. The original contact angle
on the 200 mm motor pulley is 160
degrees. The original contact ratio is 2.4
and the net tension is 12N/mm of the
belt width. If an increase in
transmission capacity of 20% will
prevent slippage, determine the new
angle of contact.

18) An open belt drive connects a 450 mm

driving pulley to another driven pulley
1000 mm in diameter. The belt is 300
mm wide and 10 mm thick. The
coefficient of friction of the belt is 0.3
and the mass of the belt is 2.8 kg/m of
the belt length. Other data are:
A) Center distance between shaft
= 4 meters
B) Maximum allowable tensile
stress on the belt = 1500 Kpa
20) An ammonia compressor is driven by a
20 KW motor. The compressor and the
motor RPM are 360 and 1750,
respectively. The small sheave has a
pitch diameter of 152.4 mm. IF the belt
to be used is standard C-120; determine
the center distance between sheaves.
23) A pulley 610 mm in diameter transmits
21) An air compressor is driven by a 7.5 hp
electric motor with a speed of 1750 rpm
with standard A-60 V-belts. The pitch
diameter of the small sheave is 110 mm
and the larger sheave is 200 mm.
Service factor is 1.2. Determine the arc
of contact.
24) A reciprocating ammonia compressor is
22) A pulley 610 mm in diameter transmits
40 KW at 500 rpm. The arc of contact
between the belt and pulley is 144
degrees, the coefficient of friction
between belt and pulley is 0.35 and the
safe working stress of the belt is 2.1
Mpa. Find the tangential force in the
rim of the pulley in Newton.
.505KN=2505N
40 KW at 500 rpm. The arc of contact
between the belt and pulley is 144
degrees, the coefficient of friction
between belt and pulley is 0.35 and the
safe working stress of the belt is 2.1
Mpa. What is the effective belt pull in
Newton.
.505KN=2505N
driven b a squirrel cage induction motor
rated 15 hp at 1750 rpm, across the line
starting motor pulley 203.2 mm
diameter, compressor pulley 406.4 mm
diameter. Find the width of the belt.
132
25) A pulley 610 mm in diameter transmits B) Compute the belt tensions
37 KW at 600 rpm. The arc of contact based on the coefficient of
between belt and pulley is 144 degrees, friction of 0.33.
the coefficient of friction between belt
and pulley is 0.35, and the safe working a.)
stress of the belt is 2.1 Mpa. Find:
A) The tangential force at the rim
of the pulley.
B) The effective belt pull.
C) The width of the belt if its
thickness is 6mm.
191.4 degrees
a.)
.) 60 = 2πT(25/.3π)
.36KN-m

Fnet = (F1-F2) = .36/(.3/2)

b.) Fnet = 2.4 KN

= 2.4098

1.93

F2 = 2.4/(3.0113-1)

F2 = 1.19 KN

F1 = 3.0113(1.19)

26) A nylon-core flat belt has an elastomer F1 = 3.59 KN

envelop; is 200 mm wide and transmits
60 KW at a belt speed of 25m/s. The
27) The tension ratio for a belt in a pulley
belt has a mass of 2 kg/m of the belt
with a 200 degrees angle and a
length. The belt is used in a crossed
frictional coefficient of 0.3 is:
configuration to connect a 300 mm
diameter driving pulley to a 900 mm
diameter driven pulley at a shaft
spacing 0f 6 m.
A) Calculate the belt length and
the angles of contact.
 Bearing 5. A bearing whose shaft rotates at 500
rpm, has a friction loss of 15 kw. The
1. The main bearings of one cylinder bearing load is 30 KN and friction of
steam are 152 mm diameter by 280 mm
0.14. Find the bearing diameter.
long and support a load of 4400 kg. Find
the bearing stress.

507.1KPa
2. A bearing 150 mm diameter and 300
mm long supports a load of 5000 kg. If 6. A shaft revolving at 1740 rpm is
coefficient of friction is 0.18, find the supported by bearing with a length of
torque required to rotate the shaft. 105 mm and diameter of 64 mm. If the
load is light and SAE Oil No. 20 (u =
2.4x10-6 reyns) is used and diametral
662N.m clearance is 0.136 mm, find the power
3. A bearing journal rotates at 460 rpm is loss due to friction.
use to support a load of 50 KN. It has a
diameter of 20 cm and length of 40 cm.
Find the friction loss in kw per bearing.
Use f = 0.12.

7. A shaft is supported by 3 in diameter

4. A bearing has a per unit load of 550
and 4 in long bearing that uses oil with
kpa. The load on bearing is 20 KN and it
viscosity of 2.5x10-6 reyns. The bearing
has a diametral ratio of 0.0012. If
has a diametral clearance of 0.008 in. At
diametral clearance is 0.12 mm, find
what speed should the shaft rotates so
the length of journal.
that the friction power is limited only to
1 Hp.
8. A 76 mm bearing using oil with an
absolutely viscosity of 0.7 poise running
at 500 rpm gives satisfactory operation
with a bearing pressure of 14 kg/cm2.
The bearing clearance is 0.127 mm.
Determine the unit pressure at which
the bearing should operate if the speed
is changed to 600 rpm.
9. A 76 mm bearing with an absolute
viscosity of 0.7 poise running at 1500
rpm gives satisfactory operation with a
bearing pressure of 14 kg/cm2. The
bearing clearance is 0.127 mm. If the
bearing is given a total clearance of
0.076 mm and speed to 600 rpm, what
change should be made in oil?
x( )=
10. A journal bearing 50 mm in diameter
and 25 mm long supports a radial load
of 1500 kg. If the coefficient of bearing
friction is 0.01 and the journal rotates
at 900 rpm, find the horsepower loss in
the bearing.
11. A bearing 2.085 inches in diameter and
1.762 in long supports journal running
at 1200 rpm. It operates satisfactory
with a diametral clearance of 0.0028 in
and total radial load of 1400 lbs. At
1600F operating temperature of the oil
film, the bearing modulus ZN/P was
found to be 16.48. Determine the
bearing stress.
12. A bearing 2.085 inches in diameter and
1.762 in long supports journal running
at 1200 rpm. It operates satisfactory
with a diametral clearance of 0.0028 in
and total radial load of 1400 lbs. At
160⁰F operating temperature of the oil
film, the bearing modulus ZN/P was
found to be 16.48. Determine the
viscosity, reyns.
13. The main bearings of an engine are 152
mm diameter and 280 mm long and
supports a load of 4400 kg midway
between the bearings. Find the bearing
pressure in Kpa.
14. A sleeve bearing has an outside
diameter of 38.1 mm and length of 50
mm, the wall thickness is 3/16 inch. The
Brake
1. A brake has a difference in band tension
bearing is subjected to a radial load of
of 4KN. The drum diameter is 1 meter
450 lb. Determine the bearing pressure.
and rotating at 300 rpm. Determine the
power needed to drive the drum.
Given: F = 4 KN
D=1m
N = 300 rpm
Req’d.: P = ?
Solution:
P = 2πTN
15. A 2.5 inch diameter by 2 in long journal P = 2π(4)(1/2)(300/60)
bearing is to carry a 550 lb load at 3600 P = 62.83 KW
rpm using SAE 40 lube oil at 200⁰F 2. In a brake, the tension on the tight side
through a single hole at 25 psi. is thrice the slack side. If the coefficient
Compute the bearing pressure. of friction is 0.25, find the angle of
contact of the band.
Given: f = 0.25
F1 = 3F2
16. A journal bearing with diameter of 76.2
Req’d: θ = ?
mm is subjected to a load 4900N while
Solution:
running at 200 rpm. If its coefficient of
friction is 0.02 and L/D = 2.5 find its
projected area in mm2.

In = Ine

θ=
θ = 4.3944 x 57.30
θ = 251. 780
3. On a brake drum the difference in
tension between the slack side and
tight side is 5. If the ratio in band
tension is 3, determine the tension in
tight side.
Given: F1-F2=5
Req’d: F1=?
Solution: F1/F2=3
F1=3F2
 F1=3F2
3F2-F2=5 T = 1Mton x = 1000kg
2F2=5 F=(
F = 657.89 kg
F2= 7. The ratio of band tension in a band
brake is 4. If angle of contact is 260
F1= 3(F2) = 3( ) degrees, determine the coefficient of
friction.
F1=
Solution:
F1= 7.5KN
4. A steel band have a maximum tensile
stress of 55 Mpa and thickness of 4mm. θ = 260o
If the tension in tight side is 6 KN, what
width of band should be used?
Given: S = 55x103 kpa 4 = ef (260o x )
F1 = 6 KN In 4 = In ef(4.53785)
t = 0.004 m f(4.53785) = In 4
Req’d: b = ? f = 0.3055
Solution: 8. A band brake has an angle of contact of
280 degrees and is to sustain a torque
S= of 10,000 in-lbs. The band bears against
a cast iron drum of 14 in diameter. The
55x103 kpa = coefficient of friction is 0.30 Find the
b= 27.27mm tension at the tight side.
Given: T = 10000 in-Ib
5. A band brake has a straight brake arm D = 14 in
of 1.5m and is placed perpendicular to f = 0.3
the diameter bisecting the angle of θ = 2800
contact of 270 degrees which is 200 Solution:
mm from the end of slack side. If 200 N F1-F2 = 2T/D
force is applied at the other end
downward of brake arm, determine the F1-F2 =
tension at slack side. F1-F2 = 1428.57 Ib  eqn 1.
Solution:
F2(0.2)sin 45o = 1.5Fa
F2(0.2)sin 45o = 1.5(200)
F2 = 2121.32 KN
6. A band brake has a 76 cm diameter  eqn 2.
drum sustain a load of 1 Mton to a Equate Eqn. 2  1:
hoisting drum 50 cm in diameter. What 4.3322 F2- F2 = 1428.57
is the band tension difference? F2 = 428.7162 Ib
Solution: F1 = 1857.28 Ib
9. A band brake is installed on a drum transmitted is 2 KN.m and a steel band
rotating at 250 rpm and a diameter of with a maximum tensile stress of 60
900 mm. The angle of contact is 1.5π Mpa and 3 mm thick will be used. What
rad and one end of the brake band is should be its width in mm?
fastened to a fixed pin while the other Solution:
end to the brake arm 150 mm from the F1 = 3F2
fixed pin. The coefficient of friction is T = 2 KN-m = (F1-F2) (D/2)
0.25 and the straight brake arm is 1000 2 = (3F2 – F2) (0.8/2)
mm long and is placed perpendicular to F2 = 2.5 KN
the diameter bisecting the angle of F1 = 7.5 KN
contact. Determine the minimum force
in Newtons applied at the end of the S=
brake arm necessary to stop the drum if
60 KW is being absorbed. 60000 =
Given: b = 41.67mm
P = 60 KW 11. A simple band brake has a 76 cm drum
N = 250 rpm with coefficient of friction of 0.25 and
D = 0.9 m arc of contact of 245 degrees. The drum
f = 0.25 sustains a load of 820 kg and rotates at
θ = 1.57 260 rpm. Find the power absorbed by
Fa= ? the band.
Solution: Solution:
P= 2πTN P =2πTN
60KW = 2πT(250/60) P = 2π( 820 KJ x
T = 22918 KN-m
)( )( )
T = (F1-F2)(D/2)
22918 KN-m (F1-F2)(0.92/2) P = 83.227 KN
F1-F2 = 5.0929 KN 12. Determine the force with which the
brake shoe of a diesel electric train
must be pressed against the wheel to
absorb 250,000 ft-lb of energy in 20 sec
if the mean velocity of wheel relative to
the brake shoe is 45 fps and coefficient
F1 = 3.2482F2 of friction is 0.20.
3.2482-F2 = 5.0929 KN Given:
F2 = 2.2653 KN E = 250000 ft-lb
F2(0.15)(sin 45o) = Fa (1 m) T = 20 sec
Fa = 0. 240275 f = 0.2
Fa = 240.275 KN Solution:
10. A band brake is use to fastened to an
800mm brake drum with tight side is 3
times the slack side of force. The torque P=
 P = 12500 ft-lb
P = Ff
12500 ft-lb/s = (F)(0.2)(45 ft/s)
F=
F = 1388.89 lb
13. A band brake is used to operate on a
600 mm diameter drum that is rotating
at 200 rpm. The coefficient of friction is
0.25. The brake band has an angle of
contact of 270 degrees and one end is
fastened to a fixed pin while the other
end is fastened on the brake arm 120
mm from the fixed pin. The straight
brake arm is760 mm long and is placed
perpendicular to the diameter bisecting
the angle of contact. Determine the
minimum pull necessary at the end of
the brake arm to stop the drum 34 KW
is absorbed.
Solution:
P =2πTN
34= 2πT(200/60)
T = 1.62338 KN-m
F= T (D/2)
F = 1.62338(0.6/2)
F = 5.4113 KN = F1-F2
F1 = 3.2482F2
3.2482F2-F2 = 5.4113
F2 = 2.4069 KN
F2(sin 450)(a) = Fa(0.76)
Fa = 0.26873 KN
Fa = 268.73 N
14. A simple band brake has a 76 cm drum
and fitted with a steel band 2/5 cm
thick lined with a bake lining having a
coefficient of friction of 0.25. The arc of
contact is 245 degrees. The drum is
attached to a 60 cm hoisting drum that
sustains a rope load of 820 kg. The
operating force has a moment arm of
1.50 m and the band is attached 12 cm
from the pivot point. Find the torque
just required to support the load
(clockwise).
Solution:
T = Fr
T = (820 kg x )( )
T = 2413.26 N-m
15. What band thickness in mm is
necessary for a 500 mm diameter if the
maximum lining pressure is 0.05 Mpa,
and the allowable band’s stress is 4
Mpa?
Solution:
P=
S=
F1 = Pbt ; F1 = Sbt
Prb = Sbt
t=
t = 3.125 mm
 Roller Chain
1. A chain and sprocket has 18 teeth with
chain pitch of ½ in. Find the pitch
diameter of sprocket.
6. A 20-tooth driving sprocket that rotates
at 600 rpm and pitch chain of ½ in
drives a driven sprocket with a speed of
200 rpm. Find the diameter of the
driven sprocket.

2. A chain and sprocket has 24 teeth with

chain pitch of ½ in. If the sprocket turns
at 600 rpm, find the speed of chain.

7. A chain with speed 800 fpm has driving

sprocket turns at 900 rpm. If the pitch
of chain is ¾ in, find the number of
teeth of driving sprocket.

3. A chain and sprocket has pitch diameter

of 9.56 in and a pitch of ¾. How many
teeth are there in sprocket?
8. Find the standard distance between
sprocket having 4 in and 16 in
diameters.

4. A chain and sprocket has pitch diameter

of 28.654 in and there are 90 teeth
available. Find the pitch of the chain.
9. An 18 teeth sprocket driving with 98
teeth sprocket at a center distance of
34 pitches. Find the chain length in
pitches.

5. A fan require at least 4.5 hp to deliver

18000 CFM of air running at 320 rpm.
For a service factor of 1.15, find the
designed horsepower of the sprocket.
10. A sprocket with 8 in diameter and pitch
of ¾ in drives another sprocket at
standard center distance of 48 pitches.
Find the diameter of larger sprocket.
14. A 3-strand chain and sprocket turn at
600 rpm has a service factor of 1.4. If
14hp/strand chain is to be used, find
the torque can the chain and sprocket
be deliver?
11. A driving sprocket with 12 teeth drives
another sprocket with 48 teeth by
means of a chain having a pitch of ½ in.
If the chain length is 72 in, find the
center distance between sprockets.
15. A certain farm equipment which
requires 2200 N-m torque at 500 rpm
has diesel engine to operate at 1500
rpm as its prime mover. A No. 60 roller
12. A certain farm equipment which chain with total length of 60 pitches and
requires 2200 N-m torque at 500 rpm a small sprocket of 23 teeth are to be
has diesel engine to operate at 1500 used with operating temperature to
rpm as its prime mover. A No. 60 roller remain constant at 450 C. Determine
chain with total length of 60 pitches and the number of teeth of the larger
a small sprocket of 23 teeth are to be sprocket.
used with operating temperature to
remain constant at 450C. Determine the
number of teeth of larger sprocket.

16. A 4 inches diameter shaft is driven at

13. A pump that operates a head of 30 m is
used to deliver 80 liters per second of
water at an efficiency of 85%. The pump
is driven by a diesel engine by means of
chain and sprocket with a service factor
of 1.3. If horsepower per strand is 25,
find the approximate number of strands
needed.
3600 rpm by a 400 HP motor. The shaft
drives a 48 inches diameter chain
sprocket and having an output
efficiency of 85%. The output force of
the driving sprocket and the output of
the driven sprocket are:
17. In chain of ordinary proportions the
term RC 40 means a pitch of _____.
18. The chain speed of an RC 80 chain on a
21-tooth sprocket turning at 600 rpm is
____.
21. A 10-Hp engine with a speed of 1200
rpm is used to drive a blower with a
velocity ratio of 3:1. The pitch diameter
of the driven sprocket is 85 mm and the
center distance between the sprockets
is 260 mm. Use an RC 40 drive and a
service factor of 1.2. Find the number of
strands needed.

19. What maximum chain number can be 22. A silent chain SC 4 is used for a design
used if the small sprocket is to run at Hp of 12. What chain width is needed if
1200 rpm? the 21-tooth driving sprocket runs at
1200 rpm?

20. A motor transmits 40 Hp to an air-

conditioning apparatus by means of a
roller chain. The motor runs at 720 rpm.
The pitch diameter of the sprocket on
the motor should not exceed 6 ¾ in. If
the drive calls for a service factor of 1.2
and a chain pitch of 1 in, determine the
number of teeth of the small sprocket.
23. With a sprocket bore of 2 inches, the
minimum number of sprocket teeth for
Clutch
RC 40 is _____. 1. A cone clutch has an angle of 120 and
coefficient of friction of 0.42. Find the
axial force required if the capacity of
the clutch is 8 KW at 500 rpm. The
mean diameter of the active conical
sections is 300 mm. Use uniform wear
method.
24. A 10-Hp engine with a speed of 1200
rpm is used to drive a blower with a
velocity ratio of 3:1. The pitch diameter
of the driven sprocket is 85 mm and the
center distance between the sprockets
is 260 mm. Use an RC 40 drive and a
2. How much torque can a cone clutch
service factor of 1.2. Find the number of
transmits if the angle of the conical
teeth of the driving sprocket.
elements is 100. The mean diameter of
the conical sections is 200 mm and the
axial force of 600 N is applied. Consider
a coefficient of friction of 0.45.

3. A clutch has an outside diameter of 8 in.

and inside diameter of 4 in. An axial
force of 500 lb is used to hold the two
parts together. If friction is 0.4, how
much torque can the clutch handle?

4. A disc clutch has 6 pairs of contacting

friction surfaces. The frictional radius is
2 in. and the coefficient of friction is
0.30. An axial force of 100 lb acts on the
clutch. The shaft speed is 400 rpm.
What is the power transmitted by the
clutch.
5. A cone clutch has cone elements at an
angle of 120. The clutch transmits 25 HP
at a speed of 1200 rpm. The mean
diameter of the conical friction section
is 16 in and the coefficient of friction is
0.35. Find the axial force needed to
engage the clutch.
6. A band clutch has an angle of contact of
2700 on a 15 in diameter drum. The
rotational speed of the drum is 250 rpm
and the clutch transmits 8 HP. The band
is 1/16 and has a design stress of 5000
psi. How wide should the band be? Use
coefficient of friction to be 0.40.
8. A simple disc clutch has an outside
9. Find the power capacity of a cone
7. The angle of contact of a band clutch is
250 degrees. The cross-section of the
band is 1/16 in x 1.5 in. The design
stress for the band material is 8000 psi.
If the drum is 16 inch in diameter and
rotates at 350 rpm, what is the power
capacity of the clutch if f = 0.40.
diameter of 200 mm and inside
diameter of 100 mm. The Friction is
0.40 and applied load is 1,500 N. Find
the torque transmitted using uniform
wear.
clutch with mean diameter of 250 mm if
the conical elements inclined at 8
degrees and axial force of 450 N. The
rotational force of driver is 200 rpm and
the friction is 0.2.
10. Determine the power capacity of a cone
clutch under uniform pressure having
250 mm major diameter, 200 mm
minor diameter, length of contact 125
mm, 870 rpm and f=0.3 if allowable
pressure is 70 Kpa.
11 1/2 in and axial height of jaws is 2 in.
The working stress in the shaft is 6,000
psi. What is the bearing stress in jaw
faces?

11. Find the cone angle of a clutch having a

major diameter of 300 mm and minor
diameter of 250 mm and length of
contact of 250 mm.
15. An engine developing 40 HP at 1250
rpm is fitted with a cone clutch built
into the flywheel. The cone has a face
12. Find the power capacity of uniform angle of 12.5 degrees and maximum
wear of a cone clutch having major diameter of 14 in. The coefficient of
diameter of 250 mm, minor diameter of friction is 0.20. The normal pressure on
200 mm, length of contact 125 mm, f = the clutch face is not to exceed 12 psi.
0.30, speed of 870 rpm and has an Determine the face width required.
operating force of 500N.

13. Using a uniform wear, find the power

capacity of a single disc clutch with an
outside diameter of 200 mm and inside
diameter of 100 mm, rotating at 1160
rpm ( f= 0.35). The axial operating force
is 800 N.

14. A jaw clutch for a 4 3/16 in shaft has

three jaws with radial forces. The inside
diameter is 4 3/8" outside diameter is
16. A block clutch has four wooden shoes
each contacting with 75 degrees of the
inside of a 12 in drum. The coefficient
of friction is 0.30 and the maximum
contact pressure in not exceed 35 psi.
This clutch is to transmit 15 HP at 250
rpm. Determine the required width of
shoes.
17. The larger diameter and face of the disk
of multiple disk clutch are 255 mm and
25 mm respectively. The load applied to
the spring of the clutch axially is 1,688
N. Assuming that there are 10 pairs of
friction 0.15 and turning 1000 rpm. Find
the power transmitted by the clutch
using uniform pressure method.
18. An engine of a motor vehicle with a
wheel diameter of 712 mm develops 50
KW at 2000 rpm. Determine the axial
force on the clutch in KN. Outside and
inside diameter of the clutch are 300
mm and 240 mm, respectively. There
are 4 pairs of mating surfaces with
f=0.30.
19. A multiple disc clutch of 10 steel disc
and 9 bronze disc. The effective outside
and inside diameters are 20.32 cm and
15.24 cm, respectively. If the axial force
of 540 Newton is applied and the shaft
turns at 1200 rpm, find the horsepower
capacity. Assume a coefficient of
friction of 0.27.
20. A disc clutch has 6 pairs of containing
friction surfaces. The friction radius is 2-
in and the coefficient of friction is 0.3.
An axial force of 100 lb acts on the
clutch. The shaft speed is 400 rpm. How
much horsepower can the clutch
transmitted?
21. A cone clutch has an angle of 10
degrees and a coefficient of friction of
0.42. Find the axial force required if the
capacity of the clutch is 7.46 KW at 500
rpm. The mean diameter of the active
conical section is 300 mm.
22. A multiple disc clutch consists of 10
steel discs and 9 bronze discs. The
effective outside and inside diameters
are 203 mm and 152 mm respectively. If
an axial force of 445 N is applied and
the shaft turns at 1000 rpm, determine
the power transmitted. Assume a
coefficient of friction of 0.25 and base
the design on uniform pressure.
23. The effective radius of the pads in a
single-collar thrust block is 230 mm and
the total load on the thrust block is 240
KN when the shaft is running at 93 rpm.
Taking the coefficient of friction
between thrust collar and pads as
0.025, determine the power loss due to
friction.
25. A Pajero jeep wagon’s engine develops
40 KW at 1200 rpm with a single plate
clutch having two pairs of friction
surfaces transmitting the power.
Consider the coefficient of friction to be
0.30 and the mean diameter of discs to
be 200 mm. Determine the axial force
required to engage the clutch and to
transmit the power.

24. A cone clutch is to transmit 30 KW at

1250 rpm. The face angle of the cone
clutch is 12.5 degrees and the mean
diameter is to be 355 mm. The
coefficient of friction between the
contacting surfaces is 0.20 and the
maximum normal pressure is 83 Kpa.
Determine the axial force in KN
required to transmit the power.

Wire Ropes
1. A 6 x 19 IPS wire rope diameter of 44.5
mm is to be used for hoisting. Find the
weight of the rope if the depth of mine
hoist is 100m.
2. A 6 x 19 IPS wire rope has a rope
diameter of 50.8 mm and sheave
diameter of 40 in. Find the bending
stress of the rope.
3. A 6 x 19 IPS rope diameter of 2 in and
sheave diameter of 50 in. Find the
equivalent bending load of the rope.
4. A mine hoist is to carry a cage loaded
with ore at a load of 8 tons. The depth
of mine shaft is 328 ft. A 6 x 19 IPS wire
rope with rope diameter of 1.75 in. is to
be use with sheave diameter of 39 in.
The cage loaded is to start from rest
and will attain a maximum velocity of
525 fpm in 10 seconds. Find the total
load of the rope.
5. A wire rope is used with total load of
9,000 kg and bending load of 50,000 kg.
If bearing strength of the rope is
110,000 kg, find the factor of safety of
the rope.
6. What is the factor of safety when a 0.5
in, 6 x 19 medium plow steel wire rope
carrying a 8820 lb load is bent around a
24 in sheave if breaking strength of
rope is 8.13 tons.
7. In a high rise building, the elevator rises
at a height of 1200ft with an
acceleration of 3.84 ft/s2 and loaded
with 2000 kg. Determine the number of
15.6 mm diameter ropes needed if the
total load in each rope is 2178.77 lbs.
8. Determine the probable bending stress
and equivalent bending load in a 1½ in
6 x 19 steel rope made from a 0.095 in
wire when it is used on a 92 in sheave.
9. Determine the probable bending load
and equivalent bending load in a 2 in 6 x
9 steel rope made from a 0.098 in wire,
when it is used on a 90 in sheave.