LEGAL BASIS
• COMMISSION ON HIGHER EDUCATION
Republic Act 9163
•know as NSTP Law.
•Also known An Act Establishing the NSTP for Tertiary-
Level Students.
Republic Act 7077
• An act providing for the development, administration,
organization, training, maintenance, and utilization of
the citizen armed forces of the Armed Forces of the
Philippines. ( Establishing ROTC)
• PD (Presidential Decree No. 1706 and for Other
Purpose,
• Signed by President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo on
January
23, 2002.
• House Bill No. 3593 – House of Representative
• Senate Bill No. 1824 – Senate
• Passed December 19, 2001.
• NSTP Law made ROTC optional 1st Sem 2002-2003 has
allowed students to choose from ROTC, LTS, and CWTS
as a requisite for graduation.
NSTP COMPONENTS
RESERVE OFFICERS
TRAINING CORPS (ROTC)
• institutionalized under Sec 38 & 39 of RA 7077.
• designed to provide military training to motivate,
equip, organize, and mobilize the youth for national
defense preparedness.
• to instill the patriotism, moral virtues, respect for
rights of civilians, and adherence to the Constitution.
LITERACY TRAINING SERVICE (LTS)
is designed to train students to teach literacy and
numeracy skills to schools children, out-of-school youth,
and other segment of society in need of such services.
CIVIC WELFARE
TRAINING SERVICE (CWTS)
designed to involve students actively in actively in
activities contributory to the general welfare and the
betterment of life the members of life the members of
the community or the enhancement of its facilities.
to improve health, education, environment,
entrepreneurship, safety, recreation, and morals of the
citizenry.
IMPLEMENTING & MONITORING GOVENRMENT
AGENCIES
• DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL DEFENSE
• COMMISSION ON TECHNICAL EDUCATION ANS
SKILLS DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY
The primary function is to oversee if the program being
conducted in schools.
COVERAGE
OF THE
NSPT LAW
• All students, both male and female
• enrolled in any baccalaureate degree or two-year
technical-vocational or non- degree courses
•public and private schools must complete one NSTP
component of their choice for two semesters as
graduation requirement.
• All higher and technical-vocational institutions, public
& private, must offer at least one NSTP component.
•State universities and colleges (SUCs) must offer ROTC
and at least one other NSTP component, namely LTS or
CWTS.
EXEMPTED FROM NSTP PROGRAM
• Philippine Military Academy (PMA)
• Philippine Merchant Marine Academy
• Philippine National Academy (PNPA)
• other SUCs these institutions are not covered by
the NSPT Law.
• at least 350 students cadets may offer ROTC
and consequently establish and maintain
NSTP-CWTS
Vision
• To train students to become innovators of social
change with a culture of excellence and leaders
with integrity, competence,
and commitment to render service to the community.
• To develop in the youth the values of patriotism
And national pride, discipline
work, integrity & accountability for
nation-building, and volunteerism as valuable and
effective members of the National Service Corps of
CWTS.
and
hard
NSTP-CWTS
Mission
Inculcating in students
•Values of leadership •Patriotism
•Social responsibility.
•Training students to become project planners,
designers, managers of innovative and sustainable
community service- oriented projects.
• Conducting capability enhancements for civic welfare
services
• results-oriented social entrepreneurs
• Volunteers
• social-economic mobilizing force that serves
communities
• innovators for progress
• Working closely with a network of organizations
• Creating opportunities
NSTP-CWTS CORE VALUES
Love of God
Human dignity
Discipline
Truth
Goodness
Social responsibility Awareness
Innovation and creativity Respect
Synergy and professionalism
Excellence and indigenous learning
Protection and conservation of the environment Quality
service delivery
The Nature of theHUMAN
PERSON
Human Person as having physical, spiritual, emotional,
and intellectual attributes. Estañol (2009)
Human Person as having physical and spiritual
substance because he/she has a soul and is created by a
Superior Being with divine purpose.
St. Thomas Aquinas
Human Person as a “self-conscious animal”.
Dictionaries
Character HUMAN of a PERSON
The Human Person: Not Real, But Existing, discusses
the several characteristics of a human person, namely:
1. A Human person is a rational being. He/She is free to
think and has the capacity to reason and distinguish
between right and wrong.
Babor (2007)
The Human Person: Not Real, But Existing, discusses
the several characteristics of a human person, namely:
2. Human person is born free. He/She has the freedom
to do or not to do things. However, every person is
responsible for his/her own action.
Babor (2007)
The Human Person: Not Real, But Existing, discusses
the several characteristics of a human person, namely:
3. A human person is unique. He/she possesses an
identify that makes him/her unlike any other person.
Generally speaking, even if two persons have the same
characteristics and physical features, they are not the
same because each one has his/her own perception,
and different set of values and priorities in life.
Babor (2007)
The Human Person: Not Real, But Existing, discusses
the several characteristics of a human person, namely:
4. Every person is intrinsically a social being and cannot
detach himself/herself from other creatures in the
universe. By nature, he/she characterized by his/her
relationships with other creatures, objects, or his/her
fellowmen.
Babor (2007)
The Human Person: Not Real, But Existing, discusses
the several characteristics of a human person, namely:
5. All living things are sexual by nature, but the
uniqueness of expression of a person’s sexuality makes
him/her different. The expression of person’s emotions,
attitudes, feelings, action, and thoughts in sexual
activity best exemplifies his/her uniqueness from
animals.
Babor (2007)
CHARACTERISTICS OF A HUMAN PERSON
• Is a rational being.
• Is free to think and has a capacity to reason and
distinguish between right and wrong.
• Is born free.
• Has the freedom to do or not to do things but
responsible for his/her action.
• Human person is unique.
• Possesses an identity that makes him/her unlike any
other person.
• Even if the two persons have the same characteristics
and physical features, they are not same because each
one has his/her own perception, and a different set of
values and priorities in life.
• Every person is intrinsically a social being and cannot
detach himself/herself from other creatures in the
universe.
• Characterized by his/her relationships with other
creatures, object, or his/her fellowmen.
• Expression of a person’s emotion, attitudes, feelings
actions, and thoughts in sexual activity best exemplifies
his/her uniqueness from animals.
BIBLICAL VIEW
• The human person has superiority and dignity
inherited from the Supreme Being.
• God created man and woman in His own image and
likeness and made them masters of the fish of the sea,
birds, the heaven, the earth, the wild beasts, and all the
reptiles that crawl upon the earth.
• Entrusted the care of creatures on the earth, aware of
the possibilities, challenges, and difficulties he/she will
encounter in his/her life.
• Designated by God to exercise dominion over other
creatures in his/her everyday use of freedom.
PHILOSOPHICAL VIEWS
• According to Protagoras, a human person is the
measure of all things that exist and of all things that do
not exist.
• Plato claimed that the perfect human being does not
exist in this world because what is in this world is just an
imperfect copy of humanity’s original self in the realm
of ideas.
• Parmenides posited that a person has knowledge of
something that exist, for a person who does not exist is
nothing.
• A human person like other animals has external and
internal organs.
• A human being evident share thought and ideas with
others.
• Maguigad –
• Conservative is not entirely positive and definitely
non-
egalitarian.
• Liberalism has a more egalitarian view of human
nature.
• Socialism the human being readily engages in
cooperative social activities when given the
opportunity.
• Fascism holds that matters most is the country itself.
CLASSICAL GREEK VIEWS
• Human person as a rational animal.
• An animal’s vegetative sensory and rational
element is integrated within his/her being.
• Is a material body and spiritual being.
• As vegetarian creature the human person needs to
have food to grow, development, and reproduce.
• As a sentient being he/she needs sensory perceptions
to gain knowledge.
• As a rational animal needs the power of thought,
reason, and cognition.
SOCIOLOGICAL VIEWS
• A perspective is a particular way of looking at and
seeing something.
• A human beings behave in a social way.
• It refers to human behavior
• Human persons are social
PROPOSE COMMON IDEAS ABOUT HUMAN PERSON
• Human persons are social animals.
• Human person’s social behavior is
learned, not instinctive.
• Human person’s social belong to the group of people.
• Sociology is a discipline that looks into the totality of
relationship in an individual’s life.
Hierarchy of Needs
• Physiological needs include the biological and basic
needs such as water and clothing.
• Safety needs include security and protection from
physical and emotional harm.
• Self-esteem needs include affection, sense of
belonging, and friendship, which people seek to
overcome feelings of loneliness and alienation.
• Self-esteem needs include achievement, mastery, and
confidence derived from recognition, respect, and
attention.
• Self-actualization means a person has reached the
peak of his/her potential.
Values Development for Citizenship Training
Permanence is an essential feature of “core values”.
Those articulated by our revolutionary forebears still
hold for us today. We do subscribe to love of God, of
country, and of fellow citizens. But ways of expressing
the same core values may change over time.
Estanislao (2018), Our core values in PH.
In the 1987 Philippine Constitution, the values of the
Filipino people are scattered in various articles and
sections of the Charter. But primarily, we would see
them in the Preamble, as well as the Article on
Principles & State policies.
Estanislao (2018), Our core values in PH.
 PREAMBLE
We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of
Almighty God, in order to build a just and humane
society and establish a Government that embody our
ideals and aspirations, promote the common good,
conserve and develop our patrimony, and secure to
ourselves and our posterity the blessings of
independence and democracy under the rule of law and
a regime of truth, justice, freedom, love, equality, and
peace, do ordain and promulgate this Constitution
Preamble
One material written by Dr. Mina Ramirez claims that
the 5 Filipino core values are Mapagpasalamat,
Matatag, Masigsig, Mapagmalasakit at Magalang.
Another material, the wikipilinas org, says that the
core values of the Filipinos are- Family Centeredness,
Politeness, Hospitality, Gratitude, Shame, Flexibility,
10 Filipino Values
Compassionate
A Filipino trait of being sympathetic to others even if
the person is a stranger. An example of this is giving
alms to beggar. This is observed when we hear Filipinos
saying “kawawa naman or nakakaawa naman”.
Hard Work and Industry
•With resourcefulness comes hard work. Filipinos are
very determined and persevering in accomplishing
whatever they set their minds to.
•Filipinos over the years have proven time and time
again that they are a people with an industrious
attitude. Sadly, this is seen by others as Filipinos being
only useful as domestic helpers, working abroad to help
their families in the country. This is also present in the
country’s workforce particularly the farmers. Even with
little support, technological weaknesses and the
country’s seasonal typhoons, the Filipino farmer still
strives to earn their daily meal.
Spirit of Kinship and Camaraderie
•A Filipino community spirit and cooperation wherein a
group of individuals extends a helping hand without
expecting any remuneration. It is characterized by
communal work towards one goal exemplified in
carrying a nipa house or pushing a passenger jeepney.
Ability to Survive
The Filipinos as a people who have been constantly
under the rule of numerous powerful countries has over
time, developed a sense of resourcefulness or the
ability to survive with whatever they have. They have
the extraordinary ability to make something out of
almost nothing. If a Filipino was given just a screwdriver,
plastic bags, and some tape, he would still be able to
build a bird tree, especially for the sake of survival, and
provided that he be allowed to hunt for some needed
surrounding material.
Faith and Religiosity
The Philippines is approximately 85 percent Christians
(mostly Roman Catholic Christians), 10 percent Muslim,
and 5 percent ‘other’ religions, including the Taoist-
Buddhist religious beliefs of Chinese and the
‘indigenous’ animistic beliefs of some peoples in upland
areas that resisted 300 years of Spanish colonial rule.
This is a reflection of the Filipinos’ strong faith in God as
seen in their various practices. This includes the
numerous Church Holidays they observe, the customary
(and obligatory) Sunday Mass, the individual’s basis of
their moral standpoints, the influence of the Church on
the minds, actions, and opinions of the majority,
importance of the Sacraments, Praying at almost any
possible time of the day, the extreme practices during
Holy Week.
Pakikipagkapwa-tao
This is the shared sense of identity and consciousness of
the ‘other’. It means treating others with respect and
dignity as an equal, not someone below the individual.
Flexibility, Adaptability, Creativity
Studies show that Filipinos often have an aversion to a
set of standardized rules or procedures; They are known
to follow a Natural Clock or Organic sense of time-
doing things in the time they feel is right. They are
present-oriented: which means that one attends to a
task or requirement at the time it is needed and does
not worry much about future engagements. This allows
the Filipino to adapt and be flexible in doing the tasks at
times not bound to a particular schedule or timeframe.
This allows them think on their feet and be creative in
facing whatever challenge or task they have even when
it is already right in front of
Joy and Humour
This famous trait is the ability of Filipinos to find humor
in everything. It sheds light on the optimism and
positivity of Filipinos in whatever situation they are in so
as to remain determined in going through struggles or
challenges. It serves as a coping technique, the same
way a child who has fallen laughs at himself/herself to
hide his/her embarrassment.
Family Orientation
The basic and most important unit of a Filipino’s life is
the family. Unlike in Western countries, young Filipinos
who turn 18 are not expected to move out of their
parents’ home. When a Filipino’s parents are old and
cannot take care of themselves, they are cared for in
their children’s homes and are very rarely brought by
their children to Homes for the Aged. The practice of
separating the elderly from the rest of the family, while
common in Western countries, is often looked down
upon in Filipino society. Family lunches with the whole
clan with up to 50 people, extending until the line of
second cousins, are not unusual. The Filipino puts a
great emphasis on the value of family and being close to
one’s family members.
Hospitality
Foreigners who come to visit the Philippines speak of
Filipinos going out of their way to help them when lost,
or the heartwarming generosity of a Filipino family
hosting a visitor in their poverty-stricken home.
Meanwhile, most foreigners who attend Filipino
gatherings abroad (which are frequently organized for
hundreds of reasons) testify to the warmth and
friendliness of Filipinos as they experience that feeling
of “belongingness.” Indeed, the legendary Filipino
hospitality is not limited to the Philippines. It is
everywhere wherever there are Filipinos.
Fair skin is better than dark skin
Shaming ninong/ninang for not giving gifts
Looking down at the call center industry
Labeling ones selfish behavior as madiskarte
Shaming other for loving pinoy drama
Bringing uninvited people to a party
Assuming na mayaman lahat ng ofw
Double standards
Palibre &pasalubong mentality
Bakla & tomboy
Older insulting younger one in giving advice
Leadership
Training.
Human behavior
\ Integrity
• “ (The) capacity of mental, physical, emotional, and
social experienced during the five stages of a human
being’s life-parental, infancy, childhood, adolescence,
and adulthood. It indicates the behavior as dictated by
culture, society, values, morals, ethics, and genetics.”
• - According to businessdictionary.com
“ Human beings have a typical life course that consists
of successive phase growth each of which is
characterized by a distinct set of physical, psychological
and behavioral features.”
- Encyclopedia Britannica (2012
,
Motivation
\
“The drive and ambition needed to achieve our goals”
- Swindell (2012) • It results from the interaction among
conscious and unconscious factors:
A. Intensity of desire or need
B. Incentive or reward value of the goal, and
C. Expectations of the individual and of his/her
significant others
Good Leadership
“Process of social influence in which one person can
enlist the aid and support of others in the
accomplishment of a common task”
WHAT MAKES A GREAT LEADER?
Characteristics of a Good Leader
Vision
Leaders know where they want to go and they can
motivate people to believe in their vision for their
country, community and family.
Passion
They are very passionate and intensely obsessed in
whatever they are focused on.
Charisma
They excel in building relationships and eliciting
performance from their group.
Wit
They can make sound judgements and decisions even
during crucial situations.
Compassion
They have a heart for others. Also, they possess
exemplary coaching and development skills.
Characteristics of a Good Leader
Communication Skills
They can express their ideas clearly and convincingly.
They walk the talk, practice what they preach, and keep
their promises.
Discipline
Good leaders observe self-control and order.
Persistence
They are determined to attain their goals in spite of the
obstacles and problems.
Daring
Leaders are bold , risk takers and determined to chase
their dreams amid the reality of fear and uncertainty.
Traits of a leader (Maxwell 1999)
“A leader should recognize, develop, and refine
certain personal characteristics needed to be truly
effective leader, the kind of leader people want to
follow”
CHARACTER
Quality of a person’s behavior as revealed by his/her
habits, thoughts and expressions, attitudes and interest,
actions and personal philosophies in life.
CHARISMA
A special spiritual gift bestowed temporarily by the Holy
Spirit on a group or an individual for the general good
COMMITMENT
Engage one to do something as a continuing obligation.
COMMUNICATION
Two-way process of reaching mutual understanding, in
which participants do not only exchange information
but also create and share meaning
COMPETENCE
Sufficiency of knowledge and skills that enable someone
to act in a wide variety of situations.
COURAGE
Quality of the mind that enables a person to face
difficulty and danger without fear.
Types of Leadership
What is the difference?
TRANSACTIONAL
Based on power
Make use of rewards and coercion to deliver benefits
to members or to force or instill fear
Example: colonization, vote- buying , and similar
method
LEADERSHIP
TRANSFORMATIONAL
Real leadership Recognition of what the
members need
Leads to the steps towards achieving the needs
Relating rewards to effort
Behavior of a
Transformational Leader
1. Is articulate in creating compelling vision of future.
2. Uses stories and symbols to communicate his/her
vision and message.
3. Specifies the importance of having a strong sense of
purpose and a collective mission.
4. Talks optimistically and enthusiastically and expresses
confidence that goal will be achieved.
5. Engenders the trust and respect of his/her followers
by doing the right things rather than simply doing things
right.
6. Instills pride in employees
7. Talks most about important values and beliefs.
8. Considers the moral and ethical consequences of
decisions.
9. Seeks different perspectives when solving problems
10. Encourage employees to challenge old assumptions
and to think about problems in new ways.
Transformational Leader
11. Spends time teaching and coaching.
12. Considers each individual employee’s need, abilities,
and aspirations.
13. Is compassionate, appreciative, and responsive to
each employee and recognizes and celebrates each
employee’s achievement
Four Components of a Transformational Leadership
Charisma
Inspirational motivation
Intellectual stimulation
Individualized consideration
From power as domination to power as liberation
From war and conflict to peace
From efficiency consideration to
equality and equity.
From growth to sustainability
From “winner-take-all” norm to sharing and caring
Transformation of values
From hierarchical to participatory
From corrupt to clean
From secretive to transparent
From burdensome to empowering
Transformation of processes
From bureaucratic to egalitarian, responsive, and
accountable
Transformation of institutions
Three functions of Transformational Leadership
 Transformational leadership and task function
Controlling the task
Checking the performance Adjusting the time
Defining the tasks-involves others Making the plan-
involves others Allocating the task
Setting the standard Enforcing discipline Promoting
team spirit Encouraging and motivating Developing
sub-leaders Communicating with the group Training
Transformational leadership and team function
Attending to personal problems Praising individuals,
enhancing
confidence
Giving status pride
Using abilities of the people within
the organization
Involving individuals in decision-
making process
Transformational leadership and individual function
Leadership Development
1. Develop a pool of leaders
Find people with basic leadership qualities
Widen the “catchment area” Assure a democratic
process
Leadership Development
2. Provide knowledge and skills
Build leaders’ personal capacities
Recognize this as a lifelong process
Leadership Development
3. Support active leaders
Actively support leaders continuously and not to place
them
in position and leave them there.
Virtuous Cycle of Leadership Control
“A leader who shows his/her full support indirectly tells
the members to do the same.”
What do you think a leader should be?
Write at least three words/phrases.
A leader should be...
• Energetic, sympathetic, friendly and understanding to
ensure the enthusiastic cooperation of followers.
• Have confidence in knowing and doing his/her job to
gain the confidence of followers.
• An example to followers.
1. Be proactive
2. Begin with the end in mind.
3.Put first things first.
4. Think win win.
5 understood. Seek first to understand, then to be
6. Synergize.
7. Sharpen the saw
What is Teamwork?
• The process of working collaboratively with a group of
people in order to achieve a goal.
• Crucial part of a business
What is Teamwork?
• Try to cooperate using individual skills and providing
constructive feedback, despite any personal conflict
between individuals.
• Brings people together for a common purpose or goal
• Subordinates need of individual vs the group
How do you manage your time?
The art of arranging, organizing, scheduling, and
budgeting one’s time for the purpose of generating
more effective work and productivity.
Time Management
1. Organize the work space.
2? in during the week.
. Look at all activities one participates
3. Keeping a schedule of the tasks and
activities that have been deemed important.
Decision-Making
• Process that involves selecting the most logical choice
from among two or more options.
• Instrumental in the survival and prosperity of human
beings
What do you consider when making a decision?
Considerations in Decision
• Identification of alternative solutions.
• Evaluation of possible options to determine which one
meets the decision objectives.
• Selection of the best option after an in-depth
evaluation.
-
Making Different Types of Involvement in Making
Decisions
 1. Consensus or agreement
• Compromising various possibilities after all opinions
have been heard.
• Helps build understanding, unity, cooperation and
commitment.

2
. Majority Voting
• Most effective way to make a decision.

3. The Minority
• Not consciously organized but few powerful
personalities dominate the group.

4
. Silent Consensus
• Some group leads to a unanimous decision. • Rarely
applied.

5. Clique
• A small group whose members plan beforehand to get
their way in decision-making.
• Bring spirit of rivalry rather than cooperation.

6
. Handclasp
• Happens when one person makes a suggestion and
another commends it. Without further discussion, the
matter is decided.
• Resentment surfaces later on.

7. One
-
person Decision
• Quickly-made but later when the decider needs free
or voluntary support from others to implement the
decision, he/she might find trouble getting it.

Difficulties in Decision
-
Making
1. Fear of consequences
2. Conflicting loyalties
3. Interpersonal conflicts and individual differences
4. Hidden agenda or secret motive
5. Blundering methods
6. Inadequate leadership
7. Clash of interest