El Consejo de los Dioses (English Translation: The Council of the Gods)

 La Solidaridad- was an organization created in Spain on December 13, 1888. Composed

of Filipino liberals exiled in 1872 and students attending Europe's universities, the
organization aimed to increase Spanish awareness of the needs of its colony, the
Philippines, and to propagate a closer relationship between the Philippines and Spain.
 Scholasticism- the system of theology and philosophy taught in medieval European
universities, based on Aristotelian logic and the writings of the early Church Fathers and
strongly emphasized tradition and dogma.
 Epigraph- a short quotation or saying at the beginning of a book or chapter, intended to
suggest its theme.
 Sarswela- spanish lyric-dramatic genre that alternates between spoken and sung scenes,
the latter incorporating operatic and popular songs, as well as dance.
 Prologue- an opening to a story that establishes the context and gives background details,
often some earlier story that ties into the main one, and other miscellaneous information.
 Formalism- describes the critical position that the most important aspect of a work of art
is its form – the way it is made and its purely visual aspects – rather than its narrative
content or its relationship to the visible world.
 Allegorically- expression of truths or generalizations about human existence by means of
symbolic fictional figures and their actions. It encompasses such forms as fable and
parable.
Junta Al Pasig (Along the Pasig)
 Paganism-the authentic religions of ancient Greece and Rome and the surrounding areas.
San Eustaquio, Martyr ( Saint Eustache, the martyr)
 Venerated- to honor regard with reverential respect or with admiring deference.
 Stag- a short-term speculator
 Octosyllabic- having or written in lines that have eight syllables.
 Martyrdom- the death or suffering of a martyr.
 Chivalric romance- a type of prose and verse narrative that was popular in the noble
courts of High Medieval and Early Modern Europe. They were fantastic stories about
marvel-filled adventures, often of a chivalric knight-errant portrayed as having heroic
qualities, who goes on a quest.
Por telefono (By phone)
 Friars- a member of any of certain religious orders of men, especially the four mendicant
orders (Augustinians, Carmelites, Dominicans, and Franciscans).
 Satirical comedy- the form of satire in which the writer uses comic elements to expose
the realities of the society or any problem. The writer uses fictional characters to
represent the real people, to expose and condemn their corruption.
 Ilustrados- constituted the Filipino educated class during the Spanish colonial period in
the late 19th century.
 Satire/mockery- trenchant wit, irony, or sarcasm used to expose and discredit vice or
folly.
 Doctrines- a belief or set of beliefs held and taught by a Church, political party, or other
group.