CE131

CIVIL ENGINEERING
ORIENTATION
STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
(Part2)
Presented by: Engr. Lee Ann R. Soyangco
Elements of a

Structure
 Foundation
It is the element of a structure which is in direct

contact with the soil and transfers loads from the

structure to the soil

Generally, the foundation can be classified into

two: shallow foundation and deep foundation.

 Column
Columns can be of two types:

Architectural columns (Pillars) are constructed

to improve the building’s aesthetics.

Structural column  a structural element that

transmits, through compression, the weight of the

structure above to other structural elements below.

 Beams

These are horizontal structural elements that

withstand vertical loads, shear forces, and bending

moments. Beams transfer loads imposed along

their length to their support elements such as

girders, walls, columns, foundations, etc.

 Slab
It is an important structural element which is

constructed to create flat and useful surfaces such

as floors, roofs, and ceilings. It is a horizontal

structural component, with top and bottom

surfaces parallel or near so. Commonly, slabs are

supported by beams, columns, walls, or the ground.

 Trusses

Truss is a framework, typically consisting of rafters,

posts, and struts, supporting a roof, bridge, or

other structure.
 Shell
A  shell  is a type of  structural element  which is

characterized by its geometry, being a three-

dimensional solid whose thickness is very small

when compared with other dimensions, and in

structural terms, by the stress resultants calculated

in the middle plane displaying components which

are both coplanar and normal to the surface.

 Arch

An  arch  is a curved  structural  form  that

carries  loads  around an opening, transferring them

around the profile of the arch to abutments,

jambs or piers on either side.

STRUCTURAL
MATERIALS
THAT ARE
COMMONLY
USED
Steel

iron
is

and
an alloy

carbon
of
Steel
containing less than

2% carbon and 1%

manganese and small

amounts of silicon,

phosphorus, sulphur

and oxygen.
 Is a structural material

consisting of a hard,
Concrete
chemically inert

particulate substance,

known as aggregate

(usually sand and gravel),

that is bonded together

by cement and water.

 Timber
Timber denotes wood

which is suitable for

building or carpentry and

for various engineering

purposes.
 Masonry is the word

used for construction

Masonry
with mortar as a binding

material with individual

units of bricks, stones,

marbles, granites,

concrete blocks, tiles

etc.
 References:
https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Arches
https://theconstructor.org/structural-engg/slab-
beam-column-footing-construction/24934/
https://www.worldsteel.org/about-steel.html
https://theconstructor.org/building/types-of-
masonry-walls/10800/
 "Take delight in the Lord,
and he will give you the desires
of your heart."
Psalm 37:4

God bless.