Study on strength properties of concrete having waste

plastic granules as fine aggregate

Introduction:
Concrete is the most widely used construction material in the world sustainable concrete structures are beneficial as it
consumed less energy, release less greenhouse gases into atmosphere. This paper gives a comprehensive review of the work
carried out by various researchers in the field of using recycled plastics in concrete as full or partial replacement of
aggregates or with cement.

From different perspectives, waste reuse is important because it helps to recycle and conserve energy in the production
process, reduces environmental pollution, and helps sustain and conserve non-renewable natural resources

Using plastic waste in the materials industry is an environmental solution to minimise the proportion of landfills used in
waste incineration

Studies have shown that plastic can be used in concrete; this type of material has become a major research subject in
recent years

Worldwide uses of plastic increasing daily. Disposal of large quantity of plastic causes land, water and air pollution etc..,
so the study is conducting to recycle plastic in concrete. In order to reduce the waste plastic, substitute the waste plastic
partial or complete replacement as fine aggregates.
Normally, Concrete is a mixture of fine aggregates, coarse aggregates and binding material (cement) with certain amount of
water. Fine aggregate’s physical and chemical properties affect the workability, strength, and durability of concrete. Thus,
natural sand aggregate (NSG) used as fine aggregate is the essential component of the Concrete matrix. Generally, NSG and
coarse aggregate are around 77 % of the total concrete volume; therefore, it is vital to locate an appropriate type with high
quality.
Therefore Fine plastic waste aggregate (FPWA) as a substitute to the NSG in concrete mixtures with a partial or full
substitute such as polyvinyl chloride, waste materials, stone crusher dust. For studying the influence of waste plastic mechanical
properties of concrete and structural behaviour of beam, waste plastic were replacing as fine aggregate with different dosages
which are 0%, 25%,50%,75% and 100%. After finding the optimal dosage, polyvinyl alcohol is use to enhance the workability of
the wet concrete.

Objectives of study:
1. To study the behavior of waste plastic granules in concrete.
2. To study the mechanical properties of concrete such as compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength of
the concrete.
3. to study performance of polyvinyl alcohol with concrete mix.

LITERATURE REVIEW:
Due to the high demand in the construction industry, past research has investigated to find alternative materials to
NSG, such as limestone, quarry dust, polyvinyl chloride, fly ash, siliceous stone powder, filtered sand, and copper slag as
a partial or complete substitute for NSG (Chandanaetal.2013). Past research has studied fine plastic waste aggregates (FPWA)
as a substitute to the NSG in concrete mixtures with a partial or full substitute such as polyvinyl chloride, waste materials, stone
crusher dust
On the other hand, lack of essential quality is the key restriction in some substitute materials. Currently, infrastructural growth
requires substitute materials that satisfy the technical requisites of NSG and are available locally in large amounts. The
use of FPWA as NSG in concrete has been investigated by several engineers and researchers . Bataynehetal. studied the
inclusion of FPWA on concrete properties. Results showed that FPWA might replace NSG to provide good concrete performance.
However, the concrete compressive strength was reduced with the increase of FPWA dosage in the concrete. Also, adding FPWA
to the concrete reduces dry concrete shrinkage. Khilesh investigated the impact of FPWA and steel fiber on concrete
performance. The NSG was substituted by FPWA at 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1% with 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 0.4 and 0.5% steel fibers
in concrete mixes. The substitute of NSG with FPWA in different dosages showed enhancement in compressive strength with a
decrease in a slump compared control mixture.
Yaowaratetal.showed that adding polyvinyl alcohol to concrete mix improves the concrete performance, such as
flexural strength, tensile strength, ductility, and toughness. Thus, poly vinyl alcohol was used to enhance the concrete
mechanical properties.

Methodology:
In this study, two main investigations were conducting material and structural, on the impact of the FPWA on the concrete
mechanical properties and structural performance of PC beams. For the mechanical property investigation, the FPWA dosages
(0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% volume substitute) were incorporated into the concrete mix by replacing fine aggregate to
finding an optimal dosage that maximized the use of FPWA and minimized the effect of FPWA on concrete mechanical
properties. After finding the optimal dosage, PC beams were tests to study the structural performance of FPWA-PC beams with
six different composite beams.
 Materials Used:
Materials to be uses in the Concrete mixture are cement (Type1),Fine aggregate,FPWA (poly vinyl chloride), normal
coarse aggregate, water, pol vinyl alcohol.

FPWA(poly vinyl chloride):

The waste Materials from the cutting process of polyvinyl chloride plastic pipes/ Sheets accumulated by manufacturers
were used as the FPWA.

Material properties of poly vinyl chloride plastic provided by manufacture.

value units
Mechanical
properties

Specific gravity 1.41 -

Tensile strength 50 Mpa

Flexural strength 88 Mpa

53 Mpa
Compressive
strength

2833 Mpa
Tensile elastic
modulus

Flexural modulus 3316 Mpa

Hardness 115 Rockwell R

Impact strength 5.44

Notched kg-
cm/cm

0 %
Water absorption, 24
hrs

Concrete mix:

Six concrete mixtures are to be preparing in this study. First mix is a normal strength concrete mix(NSC) is a control mix,
and four mixes containing the FPWA replacing fine aggregate with 25%,50%,75% and 100% by volume, namely as FPWA-
25,FPWA50,FPWA-75 and FPWA- 100 respectively. For the last mix, optimal dosage of above mixes with 0.15 polyvinyl
alcohol to cement ratio.The granular white powder polyvinyl alcohol is dissolving in water to make a fluid gel in the concrete
mixture to improve the FPWA concrete mechanical properties.M25 grade of concrete is taking.
Material properties used in concrete mixes
properties Specific Fineness Bulk Bulk density
gravity modulus density
(loose)
(compacted)
(kg/m3)
(kg/m3)

Cement 3.25 - - -

Coarse 2.65 - 1625 1740

aggregate

NSG 2.6 2.64 1720 1804

PWG 1.24 2.81 114 128

Concrete mix designs:

material
Mix

ID

NSC PWG- 25 PWG- 50 PWG- 75 PWG- 100 PWG- 75-

PVA

0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45

Water/cement ratio

Water (kg/m3) 205 205 205 205 205 205

0 0 0 0 0 68.4
Polyvinyl alcohol(kg/m3)

Poly vinyl - - - - - 0.15

alcohol to
cement ratio
by weight

Cement(kg/m3) 456 456 456 456 456 456

NSG(kg/m3) 673 504 336 168 0 168

PWG(kg/m3) 0 11.8 23.6 31.4 47.2 31.4

 0 25 50 75 100 75
PWG % by

volume

Coarse aggregate 1120 1120 1120 1120 1120 1120

(kg/m3)

Tests to be conducted:
Plastic fine waste aggregate (FPWA)is used in plain concrete by partial or complete replacement to study the
mechanical Properties such as compressive strength , split tensile strength and Flexural strength of concrete beam For this
study, to prepare standard cubes, cylinders as per Indian standards codal provision.

Tests are:
1. Slump Cone test 2.Compression test
3.Split tensile test
4. Flexural test

Slump cone test:

Slump cone test is conducted to determining the workability of the concrete.

Compression test:

For this test, 150mm x 150mm x 150mm size cubes are preparing to determining the compressive strength of
concrete.The cubes are allowing to curing for 28 days and they are testing in UTM. Split tensile test:

For this test, cylinder specimens are casting to determining the split tensile strength of concrete.The cylinder having 150mm
diameter and 300mm length. The specimens are allowing curing in curing tank for 28 days.

Flexural test:

The specimen of 120mm x 180mm x 1220mm size beam is casting to determining the Flexural strength.

SIGNATURE OF GUIDE