GE 5 PERPOSIVE COMMUNICATION

Module
A speech must have an introduction to catch the attention of the audience; the body which contains
the message the speaker would like to convey; and conclusion which summarizes the ideas presented
and to make the audience remember the very important point/s.

Abstraction
An impromptu speech is delivered with limited preparation.
1. Use a virtual outline to structure your talk or response.
2. Past, Present, Future
3. Point-Reason-Example/Explanation Point (PREP)
4. Opening, Rule of Three, Clincher
(When the speaker has limited knowledge on the topic or he/she is not interested in the topic)
1. Bridging is building a connection between what the speaker does not know with what he/she
knows.
Example:
You are asked about your reaction on the conflict in Russia.
Response:
I would imagine the conflict in Russia to be like a conflict in my own family. The following are
some steps that I observed in patching up the conflict which is the micro level that may be
considered by the Russian government…
2. Reframing is rephrasing or redefining a topic the way the speaker likes it to be. This usually
occurs if the speaker thinks the topic is inappropriate for it is not meant for him/her.
Example:
You are asked to compare two forms of government: democratic and parliamentary.
Response:
This reminds me of the complexities in differentiating two concepts in science. These are natural
science and social science. Just democratic and parliamentary, these two differ in terms of concept
and processes….
3. Playing the Devil’s Advocate means standing on the opposite side.
Example:
You are asked whether the government should allocate a bigger budget for national defense or not.
Response:
Instead of allocating more money to national defense, why not in education? Let me share why
education should be prioritized…?
2. Keep your speech brief and to the point.
3. Do not apologize if you are not ready and avoid saying something that will affect your credibility
as a speaker.
4. If you need time to process what to say, begin by greeting your audience.
5. Read a lot so you are always well informed of the happening and knowledgeable about any topic.
6. Create or recreate a story. In this sense, use your imagination and make up a story.
7. Speak slowly and clearly. Take a deep breath and stay calm.

An informative speech aims to help your listeners understand and remember the information you
present, discuss, or explain.
1. Speech about objects or people
This focuses on tangible items like gadgets, products, structure, or people.
Examples:
Speech about the new iPhone model – to inform your audience about the features of the new model
Speech about the President of the Philippines – to inform your audience about the background,
education, and achievements of the President
2. Speech about processes
This focuses on a process or sequence of events.
Examples:
Speech about a recipe – to inform your audience about the ingredients needed and the procedure to
be followed
Speech about bag making – to inform your audience about the materials needed and the steps or
procedures to be done
3. Speech about events
This focuses on an event that happened, is happening, or might happen in the future.
Examples:
Speech about Dinagyang Festival – to inform the audience the relevance of this event to history,
culture, and religion
Speech about St. Augustine’s Day – to inform the audience of the importance of St. Augustine in the
lives of the Augustinians
4. Speech about concepts
This focuses on beliefs, knowledge, theories, principles, or ideas
Examples:
Speech about Psychoanalytic theory – to inform the audience the concept on child development
based on this theory
Speech about globalization – to inform the audience about globalization, and its effects to
Communication

Organizational Pattern
1. Chronological Pattern This can be used if you want to present a history or evolution or
development of your topic in a sequential order, from past up to the present, beginning to
end.
Outline:
1. Introduction
➢ Attention-getter
➢ Thesis Statement/Main Point
2. Body
➢ Step 1, First
➢ Step 2, Second
➢ Step 3, Third
➢ Step 4, Fourth or Finally
3. Conclusion
➢ Summary of the Point
➢ Memorable Statement

2. Spatial/Topical/Categorical Pattern This can be used if you want to inform your audience
about the main features, descriptions, or categories of your topic.
Outline:
Introduction
➢ Attention-getter
➢ Thesis Statement/Main Point

Body
➢ Feature/Description/Category 1
➢ Feature/Description/Category 2
➢ Feature/Description/Category 3

Conclusion
➢ Summary of the Point
➢ Memorable Statement

3. Cause-Effect Pattern
This can be used if you want to show the causal relationship of an event or phenomenon.
1. Single Cause-Multiple Effects – the thesis statement or the main point is emphasizing the
cause of an event or phenomenon
2. Single Effect-Multiple Causes – the thesis statement or the main point is emphasizing the
effect of an event or phenomenon
3. Multiple Causes-Multiple Effect – the thesis statement or the main point is stating the multiple
causes and effects of an event or phenomenon
 4. Domino Effects – the thesis statement is stating the domino effects of an event or phenomenon

4. Comparison-Contrast Pattern
This can be used if you want to compare objects, events or concepts underscoring their
similarities and differences.
1. Block – the thesis statement is highlighting the major similarities and differences between an
event and a phenomenon
Outline:
1. Introduction
➢ Attention-getter
➢ Thesis Statement/Main Point

2. Body
➢ Object/Event/Concept A
➢ Comparison Point 1
➢ Comparison Point 2
➢ Comparison Point 3
➢ Object/Event/Concept B
➢ Comparison Point 1
➢ Comparison Point 2
➢ Comparison Point 3

3. Conclusion
➢ Summary of the Point
➢ Memorable Statement

Point-by-point
Outline:
1. Introduction
➢ Attention-getter
➢ Thesis Statement/Main Point

2. Body
➢ Comparison Point 1
➢ Object/Event/Concept A
➢ Object/Event/Concept B
➢ Comparison Point 2
➢ Object/Event/Concept A
➢ Object/Event/Concept B
➢ Comparison Point 3
➢ Object/Event/Concept A
➢ Object/Event/Concept B
Organizing and delivering speeches may not be easy; but being aware of the parts of speeches and
their functions and the patterns of organizing ideas, one can organize and deliver his/her speeches
with success.