MATH QUARTER 3

MATHEMATICAL SYSTEM
- A system that made up of undefined terms, defined terms, axioms/postulates, and theorems which are used in
proving logical conclusions in geometry.
AXIOMATIC SYSTEM
- Is any set of axioms from which some or all axioms can be used in conjunction to logically derived theorems.
1. UNDEFINED TERMS – building blocks of geometry and terms that cannot be pricely defined. These terms
can only be described or illustrated.
a. Point – indicates a location or position. It has no dimension and usually name with a capital letter.
ex: Tip of a pencil.
b. Line (straight line) – has no thickness and going to one direction. Can be formed through connecting the
points.
ex: A bamboo stick.
c. Plane – forms a flat surface and drawn as four-sided figure.
ex: A chalkboard.
2. DEFINED TERMS – these terms have format definition and used to define even more terms.
Examples:
a. ANGLE – figure formed by two rays called sides of an angle and shared a common end point which is called
the vertex.
b. PARALLEL LINES – infinite lines that don’t intersect at any point.
c. CIRCLE – a round-shaped figure that has no corners or edges. It composed of all points in the same plane that
lie with equal distance from a center point.
3. AXIOMS/POSTULATES
- statements that are accepted to be true without proof. Postulates are statements from geometry while axioms are
from other section of mathematics.
4. THEOREMS – statements that can be proven.
LEMMA – minor theorem usually towards proving a more significant theorem. It is also a less important theorem
that can be helpful in the proof of other results.
COROLLARY – easy or evident consequence of another theorem (lemma). A result in which proof relies heavily
on a given theorem.
AXIOMS FOR REAL NUMBERS
- There are many different systems of axioms, but one that provides a foundation for many others is that of the
real numbers. These axioms consist of statements about the real numbers and the relationships between them.
1. Closure property 6. Subtraction property 11. Associative property
2. Reflexive property 7. Multiplication property 12. Inverse property
3. Symmetric property` 8. Substitution property 13. Indentity property
4. Transitive property 9. Distributive property
5. Addition property 10. Commutative property