Mathematical System

(Undefined Terms)

Mathematics 8
3rd Quarter- Week 1
 God, our source of all strength and
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your mighty name, Jesus, Amen.
 At the end of the session, students
are able to:
1. describe a mathematical system.
2. illustrate the need for an axiomatic
structure of a mathematical system in
general, and particularly the undefined
terms of Geometry.
 ______ ______ ______ ______ ______

CLUE: THE SUM OF THE NUMBERS ON THE TILES IS 7.

______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______

CLUE: THE SUM OF THE NUMBERS ON THE TILES IS 9.

 ______ ______ ______ ______

CLUE: THE SUM OF THE NUMBERS ON THE TILES IS 6.

 ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______

CLUE: THE SUM OF THE NUMBERS ON THE TILES IS 12.

 ______ ______ ______ ______ ______

CLUE: THE SUM OF THE NUMBERS ON THE TILES IS 6.

 ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______

CLUE: THE SUM OF THE NUMBERS ON THE TILES IS 11.

 ______ ______ ______

CLUE: THE SUM OF THE NUMBERS ON THE TILES IS 6.

 ______ ______ ______ _________

CLUE: THE SUM OF THE NUMBERS ON THE TILES IS 4.

L I N E
 Similar to other fields of
mathematics, Geometry
also has a mathematical
system that is made up of
undefined terms, defined
terms, axioms/
postulates, and theorems.
Geometry has a big contribution in our society. It is the
beginning of numerous easy and complicated designs of
buildings, infrastructures, houses, churches, and many
others. This implies that we apply to the modern world
what Euclidian theories in Geometry have been given.
Euclid of Alexandria (lived c. 300 BCE) was known as the
“Father of Geometry”. He systematized ancient Greek and
Near Eastern mathematics and geometry. The
mathematical system known as Euclidian Geometry
attributed to Euclid, was described in his textbook the
“Elements” as a structure formed from one or more sets of
undefined objects, various concepts which may or may not
be defined, and a set of axioms relating these objects and
concepts.
 The Mathematical System

Undefined Axioms/
Terms Postulates
Defined Theorems
Terms
The most basic Statements that
figures in Statements that
assumed to be
Geometry such Common can proved to be
true.
as point, line, agreement as to true.
and plane which the meaning of a
cannot be specific concept.
defined by using
other figure.
 are terms that cannot be defined because they
Undefined Terms can only be described or illustrated.

These undefined terms

are the building blocks of
defined terms and
axioms/postulates.
POINT - It has no length or width, but
it indicates a position or location. It is
represented by a dot and named using
a capital letter.

EXAMPLE:
Point M
LINE - It has infinite length, no width, nor thickness. It
extends infinitely in two opposite directions. It is represented
by a straight line with two arrowheads.
A line is named by two of its points with a symbol written
on top of two letters. A line may also be named by one small
letter or a number. A line has its parts or subsets.
POSSIBLE NAME OF
EXAMPLE: THE LINE
Line 𝐴𝐵 or 𝐴𝐵
Line 𝐴𝐶 or 𝐴𝐶
Line 𝐵𝐶 or 𝐵𝐶
Line 𝑛 or Line 3
PLANE - It is a flat surface extending infinitely in all
directions. A plane has infinite length, infinite width,
but has no thickness. It is usually represented in
drawings by a four‐sided figure. To name a plane you
can use a capital letter written at the corner or using
three non-collinear points in it.

EXAMPLE:

Plane 𝑃𝑆𝑇
Plane R
2. Name me!!!
Name the given line and plane in
different ways.

𝐴𝐵, 𝐴𝐶, 𝐴𝐷, 𝐵𝐶, 𝐵𝐷, 𝐶𝐷,

𝐵𝐴, 𝐶𝐴, 𝐷𝐴, 𝐶𝐵, 𝐷𝐵, 𝐷𝐶

Plane M, plane XYZ, plane

XZY, plane YZX, plane YXZ,
plane ZYX, plane ZYX
 are terms that cannot be defined because they
Undefined Terms can only be described or illustrated.

Refers to the term that have formal

Defined Terms definition and can be defined using the
other geometrical terms
SUBSETS of A LINE
Ray is a part of a line that starts at one point and
extends infinitely in a set
EXAMPLE:
SUBSETS of A LINE
Line Segment is a part of a line that made up of two
endpoints.
EXAMPLE:
SEGMENTS
Segment AB or 𝐴𝐵
Segment CD or 𝐶𝐷
An angle is a union of two non-collinear rays
with common endpoint. The two non-collinear
rays are the sides of the angle while the common
endpoint is the vertex.

EXAMPLE:
Collinear Points – two or more points
lying on the same line
Points A, B & C are
collinear

Non- Collinear Points – two or more

points that do not lie on the same line
P
Points R, P,S & T are
non-collinear.
Coplanar Points – two or more
points/lines lying on the same plane

Points A, B &
C are coplanar
Non-Coplanar Points – two or more
points/lines that do not lie on the same plane

Points A, B ,C
& D are non-
coplanar
Notice that from the given
definition of coplanar lines, the
words line and plane were used.
The point, line, and plane are
called undefined terms. We
cannot define these terms
because they can only be
described or illustrated.
 Direction: Name at least 2 examples of each of the
following terms below from figure 2.

Illustrative example from fig. 1:

• Angle: LRQS • Angle:

• Line segment: 𝑄𝑅
• Ray: 𝑄𝑆
• Line segment:
• Ray:
Some examples of Defined Terms
Undefined Terms are terms that cannot be defined because they
can only be described or illustrated.

Refers to the term that have formal

Defined Terms definition and can be defined using the
other geometrical terms

Axioms or are statements which is

Postulates assumed and accepted to be
true without proof.
 are statements that may be
Axioms or
Postulates used to justify the
statements in a proof
Axioms and Postulates
examples:
1. The sun sets in the west.
2. The Philippines is found in Asia.
3. There are 7 days in a week.
postulates are assumptions specific to Geometry
axioms are generally statements used throughout mathematics
 is a concept in logic, a statement
which is accepted without question
Axioms
and which does not require proof.
 are terms that cannot be defined because they
Undefined Terms can only be described or illustrated.

Refers to the term that have formal

Defined Terms definition and can be defined using the
other geometrical terms

Axioms or are statements which is assumed

and accepted to be true without
Postulates proof.

statements which has to be proved

Theorems from previous known facts and derived
using reasoning
 Theorems
Theorems are statements accepted after they are proven
true deductively.
A. Directions: Fill in the blank using the correct terms inside
the box below.
axioms defined terms theorems
Undefined terms postulates
Mathematical System
1.__________ are terms that do not have concrete definition but can
be described. On the other hand, 2. _____________require definition.
There are statements assumed to be true even without proof which
we called as axioms or postulates. However, the two has distinction in
such a way that 3._________ are often used in Geometry while the 4.
_____ are used in all areas of Mathematics. When the statement
shows evidences or proven to be true, we call it as 5._________.
• Learning Task I. What part ENCHANTED
KINGDOM represents;
• Point
• (1) ______________________ ;
• (2) ______________________
• Line
• (3) ________________ _____ _;
• (4) ______________________
• Plane
• (5) __________________________
 Take a picture in your surrounding that shows a
point

Sample:
 Take a picture in your surrounding that shows a
line

Sample:
 Take a picture in your surrounding that shows a
plane

Sample:
 Given Draw me!!! Illustration
1. Line Segment MN
M N

2. Ray XY
X Y

3. Ray YX
Y X
A
4. Angle ABC
B
C
5. K K
 Using the given figure at the right,
identify whether the following points
are: collinear points or non-collinear
points

____________
COLLINEAR 1. Point B, D, A
_____________ 2. Points C, F, E
NON-COLLINEAR
_____________ 3. Points B, A, E
NON-COLLINEAR

coplanar points or non-coplanar

points
_____________
COPLANAR 4. Points C, D, B
_____________ 5. Points E, F, G
NON-COPLANAR
 6. Keep Practicing!!!
Use the figure at the right to answer
what is being asked:

1. How many planes are there

in the figure? 6
2. How many planes contain
H? 4
3. Name two lines that contain
N. 𝑯𝑵, 𝑩𝑵, 𝑱𝑵, 𝑱𝑻, 𝑻𝑵
4. Name two points not on the
Plane XBN J and T
5. Name four points that are
coplanar H, B, N and X
Learning Activity Sheets: