5
 

Jest & Jrhw 

 Vrnthrs
 Vrnthrs Oed Igg` Ert Ztudng @hie`me Zte`kgvnj Rceythsthrs
Jgdy Rg`dsintl Oertŏginhm Fewhŏ Gchkse`dr Kgzejlh`kg Eerg` Ourdhtt
Meihs Lutt Ogf`e Fewrgńske Ze`dre Jlchwn`ske Echx Tgipsg`
Cn`de Hve`s Oru`g Onezgttg Zhoestne` Zziyd Jentcn` Iurply 
Cnse Rg`dsintl Orye` Zgce Zlh` Ahn Jrenf –Vuruln’ Lydhr
Znig` Fgudrheuct Jceudng Rgzes Zte`nscev Zlhroekgv  Defiere Oglde`e Vgmtjzek 
ZInkn Cgrhorn`fhr Jgdy Rg`dsintl Qechrny Qhfhre Mustn` Oechs
Dh`dy Dleinhr Qgcin Feihs Kerc Vercgw 
Jgvhr Dnhfg dh Ecihnde Rhrhs ^eie`du Grjh
Grj h Kniohrchh –Oufs’ Vecthrs
Ken Jerph`thr Dgce` Rg`dsintl ]uze Kepuśjnńske
Kepuśjnńske Chg` –Chgtlhdn`g’ Ih`dhz
Ancnph Refcnusg @njgch Vecthrs
Ert Dnrhjtng` Agri Ce`fuefh Ztudng Ceygut & Dhsnf`
Meyh Kgvejl Reuc Klecnî
Freſtt Ztudng Jgdy Rg`dsintl
_gxe``h Rle`
Jrns Qne`e
Nccustretng` Me``e Zgplne
M Frey 
Efus ZV Ken Jerph`thr
Kergc Ohi Zphjnec
Einr Te`ks tg
Flerhefledmh
Ecohrtg Og`thipn ypgfreply 
Echkse`dre Vgmtes Keterzy`e Ohkus Me` _gs`hr
Jrns Qne`e
Ecnjme Kepustke Khvn` ]einr Fghkh Mesg` Zceie
Ecnjme Xųergwske Cgrh`zg Iestrgne``n Hdntn`f  Musty`e Chinhux-Chhovrh
E``e Rgdhdwgr`e Iejnhm Ņeszknhwnjz Jergc Der`hc Ierjn` Oetycde
E`tg` @ezerh`kg Ie`uhc Jeste`g` Jgdy Rg`dsintl Iexni ]ni`uklgv 
Erenrh Ierhk Iedhm M Frhy  Retrnjk Inccs
Estgr Echxe`dhr Iett DhIn`g Cnse Rg`dsintl _eeŏ Mekn
Eznhc Ke` Inklenc Receierjluk 
Receierjluk  Iett Jcnjk 

R.G.Ogx <?>??, Kh`igrh, VE XZE ><2?<

Th Vntjlhr= JD R_GMHK®, Th Vntjlhr® erh rhfnsthrhd tredhierks g JD R_G-
MHK Jepntec Frgup. Th Vntjlhr
Vntjlhr _RF © JD R_GMHK Z.E. Dhvhcgphd oy JD
R_GMHK Z.E. Ecc rnflts rhshrvhd. Th Vntjlhr feih ns sht n` tlh u`nvhrsh jrhethd oy
E`drzhm Zepkgwskn n` lns shrnhs g oggks. Ecc gtlhr jgpyrnflts e`d tredhierks erh tlh
prgphrty g tlhnr rhsphjtnvh gw`hrs.  VN55285 >6<-5->82>55-??-1

Jgipncn`f e gih 
gih .....................
..................... 8
Cn`hs ........................
Chy Cn`hs ....................................
............ <
Iefhs ....................
Iefhs ..................................
...................
..... 52
E Oejkfrgu`d g` Iefhs.........................
Iefhs.........................55 55
Iefh Cnahpetl ...........................................
...........................................5<
5<
E Cnttch K`gwchdfh ..................................
.................................. ::
Rrnhsts . .................................
Rrnhsts ......................................
..... :4
E Oejkfrgu`d g` Rrnhsts ........................
........................:8 :8
De`e Ihedol............................................
............................................:> :>
Th Hthr`ec Anrh ........................................
........................................42 42
Arhye.....................................................
Arhye............................................................
....... 45
Th Frhet Zu` ...........................................
...........................................4? 4?
Krhvh ...........................................................
...........................................................4: 4:
Ihcnthch.......................................................
.......................................................44 44
Jgrei Efl hre .....................................
......................................... 48
Hpg`e ..........................................................
..........................................................48 48
Cncve`n .........................................................
.........................................................41 41
Igrrnfe` ....................................................
....................................................41 41
@hlech`n .....................................................
.....................................................46 46
Th Rrgplht Chongde ...............................
...............................46 46
Zvecocgd ......................................................
......................................................4< 4<
Qhygpetns.............................
....................................................
.......................4< 4<
Th Rrnhst Rrgahssng` ...............................
............................... 4>
Vn`h gr Vnsdgi ......................................
......................................8? 8?
Drunds
Drunds ...................
 .................................
...................
..... 84
E Oejkfrgu`d g` Drunds ........................88
Th Jnrjch ga Fwy` Jer` ........................15
Th Jrgw Jce`
Jc e` ..............................
..........................................
............ 1?
Th Jnrjch ga Ochgolhrns..........................
Ochgolhrns..........................1: 1:
eoch ga Jg`th`ts
Th Jnrjch ga Jehd Iyrkvnd ...................
................... 14
Th Jnrjch ga Fhdy`hntl ..........................18
Ve`dhrn`f Drunds....................................11
Drunds.................................... 11
Th Drund Rrgahssng`...............................
............................... 16
Agrjhs ga @eturh .......................................
....................................... 62
Th Iefnjec Iu`de`h
Iu`de`h  ...........
............ 6?
E Oejkfrgu`d g` Iefnjec ech`ts ech`ts........6:
........6:
Iefnjec Fnats .............................................
.............................................64
64
ejtnjec Rursunts .......................................
....................................... 61
Jlegs  ........
E Jgipncetng` ga Jlegs ......... 6<
Iefh Zphccs ................................................
................................................<5
<5
Rrnhst N`vgjetng`s.....................................
..................................... >5
Drund N`vgjetng`s ....................................
....................................>1
>1
Vntjlhr
Vnt jlhr Znf`s .....................
..........................................525
.....................525
_ntuecs.......................................................
.......................................................52?
52?
Lhxhs ........................................................
........................................................528
528
Ierkhtpcejh .....
Th Iefnjec Ierkhtpcejh  .... 52>
Fcypls.......................................................
.......................................................552
552
H`jle`tih`ts .........................................
.........................................555
555
Hcnxnrs ........................................................
........................................................558
558
Iefnj Nthis .............................
.............................................556
................556
Rurjlesn`f Iefnj Nthis........................
Nthis........................5?: 5?:
rgplnhs ...................................................5?4
...................................................5?4
Th Derk Erts ...........
Erts ........................
.............5?1
5?1
E Oejkfrgu`d g` tlh Derk Erts .........5?6
@hjrgie`jy ............................................
............................................5?>
5?>
Iutetng` ..................................................
..................................................5:4
5:4
Fghtne .......................................................
.......................................................5:>
5:>
Rgrtrent ga tlh Ertnst ..............................
.............................. 582
N`thrhst ..................
Iefhs ga N`thrhst ..................58?
58?
Ertgrnus Qnf
Qnfg...........................
g...........................................584
................584
Org`wy` Dhedhyh ..................................
.................................. 588
Jedae` ga Hoon`f ....................................
....................................581
581
Dgriy` ga Fhiihre ............................586
............................586
Dgrrhferey ga Qgch .................................58<
.................................58<
Hcfe` ga Qhrdh`.......................................58>
hrdh`.......................................58>
Are`jhsje An`deoenr ...............................
...............................512
512
Dryste` ga @ezenr ...................................
...................................515
515
Arn`fncce Qnfg...........................................51?
...........................................51?
Nstrhdd ......................................................
......................................................51:
51:
Khnre Ihtz ...............................................
............................................... 514
Ierfernte Ceux-E`tncch .........................
.........................518
518
Rlncnppe Hnclert .......................................
....................................... 511
Znch dh e`jervncch ..................................
.................................. 516
Ztrhfgogr ga Kgvnr..................................
..................................51<
51<
\ertlnsnus.................................................
.................................................51>
51>
Jceush ..................
E On`dn`f Jceush ..................562
562
Ohstnery  ..................................
 ..................................5>8
5>8
Ohs .............................................................
.............................................................5>1
5>1
Jesfcydd...................................................
...................................................5><
5><
Jgrpsh Eiecfei....................................
....................................?22
?22
Frhet Oher .....................................
................................................?2?
...........?2?
Cnvn`f Erigr...........................................
Erigr...........................................?24 ?24
Iern Cwyd...........................
................................................?21
.....................?21
Rh`nth`t ....................................................
....................................................?2<
?2<
Iutefh`s ....?52
Jgipg`h`ts & Iutefh`s ....?52
N`dhx
N`dhx.............
..........................
..........................
.............?55
?55
 

4

Jgipncn`f e gih
–Oe` Erd les prgvh` e levh` gr e sgrjhrhss wlg„s rhpudnethd lhr lgihce`d. N je` erfuh eje-
dhinj in`utneh wntl Ore`dg` g Gxh`urt g`h dey, tlh` sph`d tlh hvh`n`f wntl jups g wn`h
lhern`f tlh dgn`fs g tlh wgrcd es ſtcthrhd tlrgufl Ihrjle`t Kezihr„s hyhs. G`h slgucd `hvhr
nf`grh e` gppgrtu`nty tg cher`.
cher` .’’  
^gu iey ohlevh
lnstgrne`, wg`dhrn`f lgwwrnth
jgih tg N, Ore`dg`
tlh tgihg Gxh`urt,
ygu lgcdrh`gw`hd
n` ygur
le`ds—e tgih jg`jhr`n`f iefnj n` ecc nts gris, e suomhjt
sgih inflt jg`sndhr de`fhrgus k`gwchdfh gr tlh evhrefh
rhedhr. Th quhst gr k`gwchdfh sh`ds g`h dgw` ecc ie``hr
g derk e`d twnstn`f jgrrndgrs. Out n` tlh h`d, N levh survnvhd
tlh mgur`hy e`d rhtur`hd tg orn`f tlns k`gwchdfh
k `gwchdfh tg ygu. E`d
ohsndhs, e rnh`d g in`h suffhsthd tlet n N dnd`„t wrnth nt, e sgr-
jhrhss inflt, e`d g`h je` g`cy fuhss lgw tlet wgucd jgih gut!
G`h ocusthry dey, N gph`hd iy dggr tg ſt`d _gdgc, iy gcd
rnh`d (wlg ygu iey rhihiohr rgi rgi gur dnsjgvhry e`d puocnje-
tng` g tlh phrsg`ec mgur`ec g Hrce`d g Cervnk). Lh wes hxjnthd
eogut sgihtln`f out shhihd lhsnte`t tg dnvucfh nt. N pcnhd lni
wntl tlh jg`th`ts g iy cnqugr jeon`ht, e`d nt cggsh`hd lns tg`fuh
e ont. Lh send tlhrh
t lhrh wes sgihg`h N slgucd ihht—sgihg`h wlg,
whrh N tg jgcceogreth wntl tlhi (es N led wntl lni), inflt orn`f
ih eih e`d phrleps sgih ig`hy. N fcnipshd g`h g tlgsh
egrhih`tng`hd
egrhih` tng`hd jgrrndgrs strhtjln`f gut ohgrh ih.
–Out ygu iust jgih wntl ih tg Oe` Erd,’ _gdgc send wntl
lns tredhierk frn`.
N fce`jhd gut tlh wn`dgw wntl e snfl. –Je` nt `gt went u`tnc
Zprn`f7’
–@g, ygu gcd ggc! Vh iust oh g` gur wey niihdnethcy.’ gr
sgihtln`f tg tlet hflhjt.
N fetlhrhd e hw ihefhr ohcg`fn`fs e`d e frhet dhec
dhe c g pephr,
ph`s, e`d n`k. _gdgc led orguflt lns wefg`, g jgursh, orni-
in`f wntl u`cnkhcy tln`fs tg shcc ecg`f tlh wey. N jgiih`thd
tlet lh iey `gt ſt`d iujl ousn`hss wntl tlh ohers e`d wgcvhs
wlg wgucd `g dguot oh gur prniery jgipe`y ecg`f tlh cg`f,
s`gwy rged tg Oe` Erd. N slgucd levh ohh` igrh tejtuc—whrh
nt `gt gr tlh pnjkcn`f sects, wgcvhrn`h lndhs, e`d jggphr„s lei-
ihr, gurs wgucd levh ohh` e iujl slgrthr stgry n`dhhd.
8
∟Fcy``ns ver rhler`h
rhler`h
N wncc
tnih, out chevh
wh dndtlhſt`eccy
sgrdnd dhtencs
errnvh g gur
et Oe` Erdcg`f
wntltrnp
ecc gr e`gtlhr
hxtrhintnhs
n`tejt (n scnfltcy ocuh). Argi tlhrh, wh wh`t dnrhjtcy tg tlh
ogy„s sjlggc g iefnj. N tlguflt phrleps sgih jrusty gcd iefh
we`thd tg chevh e chfejy g iefnj ohln`d. Out niefn`h n`sthed
tlet tlh phrsg` N wes tg ihht wes hcvh`, @ncfeerdne`, hiech,
e`d e sgrjhrhss. N je`„t niefn`h e`yg`h N wgucd trust chss. E`d
yht slh dnd`„t levh tlh errgfe`jh g igst hcvhs, `gr tlh u`nief-
n`etnvh `eturh g e @ncfeerdne`, `gr tlh ﬏nflty, shc-n`ducfh`t
`eturh g igst wgih`. E`d, whcc, ygu k`gw lgw igst sgrjhr-
hsshs erh—suphrngr, sjlhin`f, ecweys cggkn`f tg stert e jg`-
spnretgrnec
spnretgrnec jeoec, u`wnccn`f tg cht iefnj k`gwchdfh jrhhp rgi
tlhnr fresp. Tus, N wes n`trgdujhd tg Fcy``ns ver rhler`h, e
grihr dnrhjtgr g iefnj et Fwhnsg` Leuc. N` e chvhc wey, slh
hxpcen`hd
tlhr jgucd tlet, wlnch slh
slh tgchreth tlhnrwnslhd `ggleri
systhis g` @ncfeerd,
gpprhssng` `hn-
`gr h`dgrsh
tlhnr hxpe`sng`nst pgcnjnhs, hern`f tlet vnjtgry n` tlh @grtl
wgucd `gt h`d effrhssng` out h`jgurefh tlh eriy tg shhk `hw
terfhts. X`grtu`ethcy, duh tg tlh jcgnsthrhd stetus g iefhs n`
tlh Zgutl, Fcy``ns led hw gptng`s n` lhr jurrh`t pgsntng`, `gr
jgucd slh thejl lhr studh`ts e`ytln`f ohyg`d tlh jg`trgcchd
stetus g iefnj. Zlh hct tlet, whrh tlh k`gwchdfh
k`gwchd fh g iefnj iedh
igrh ejjhssnoch, tlh` phrleps nts study inflt oh chss strn`fh`t
n` tlh Zgutl, e`d k`gwchdfh jgucd oh orguflt tg slgrh up tlh
whekh`hd `etng`s g tlh @grtl. Out igstcy, wlh` slh spgkh g
orn`fn`f ecc iefnjec k`gwchdfh, rgi tlh @grtl e`d tlh Zgutl,
tgfhtlhr n` g`h vgcuih, N fcnipshd e cnflt n` lhr hyhs tlet N
u`dhrstggd niihdnethcy.
Ohyg`d pgcntnjs, Fcy``ns ns e sjlgcer—e`d N levh frhet edin-
retng` gr tlh dn﬊juct e`d de`fhrgus petl slh wecks. Zlh wncc
wnc c `g
dguot oh gutcewhd n` lhr lgihce`d. N eskhd lhr wly slh led `gt
sguflt gut tlh sgrjhrhsshs g tlh @grtl. Zlh send slh k`hw tlhi
g`cy oy rhputetng`. Tet wes h`gufl gr ih.

E`d sg, wh sterthd gut g` e` gvhrwlhcin`fcy cerfh prgmhjt.
Vh levh trnhd tg h`jgipess es iujl vhrnſteoch iefnjec k`gwc-
hdfh es pgssnoch. Vlh` g`h g us cgst entl, tlh gtlhr rhewek-
h`hd tlhnr dhthrin`etng`. Ie`y, ie`y phgpch levh lhcphd us
tlrgufl ſtrstle`d goshrvetng`s, gr tlh cge` g ie`y hxjhcch`t
out grfgtth` tgihs g iefnj. _hed g` e`d cher`, es N dnd.
-Ore`dg` g Gxh`urt
Th Jg`th`ts ga tlh gih
Vntln` tlh pefhs g E gih g Jlegs ygu wncc ſt`d ie`y
hxjntn`f gptng`s gr tlh iefnjeccy n`jcn`hd pceyhr gr tlh dhvn-
gus Feih Iesthr. Th ie`y sphccs, n`vgjetng`s, rntuecs, lhxhs,
ecthr`eth ruchs, e`d ig`sthrs prhsh`thd n` E gih g Jlegs erh
dhsnf`hd tg wgrk le`d n` le`d wntl tlh iethrnec n` tlh Vntjlhr
_RF Jgrh Oggk, eddn`f ogtl de`fhr e`d hxjnthih`t tg ygur
feihpcey. Ejrgss tlhsh `n`h jlepthrs, ygu„cc ſt`d=
Iefhs
Gh` jg`sndhrhd tlh igst pgwhruc wnhcdhrs g Jlegs, iefhs
gjjupy e stre`fh `njlh ejrgss tlh Jg`tn`h`t, re`fn`f rgi
ecigst hquec tg tlh ernstgjrejy n` tlh @grtl tg ushuc tggcs n`
tlh Zgutl. Vh„cc tekh e dhhphr cggk et tlh tren`n`f g iefhs n`
tlh verngus rhfng`s g tlh Jg`tn`h`t, lgw tlh jucturhs e`d sgjn-
htnhs g tlh Jg`tn`h`t vnhw tlhi, e`d wlet tlh uturh lgcds
`gw tlet tlh @grtl ns `g cg`fhr seh. Eddntng`eccy, ygu„cc ſt`d
e wlgch justgi Cnhpetl dhsnf`hd tg hiuceth tlh cg`f, sgrdnd
cnvhs g sgrjhrhrs e`d sgrjhrhsshs. Vntl nt, ygu je` dnsjgvhr lgw
ygur iefnj ie`nhsthd, lgw ygur cgvhd g`hs rhejthd, e`d tlh
`eturh g ygur tren`n`f.
Rrnhsts
Igrh wndhcy ejjhpthd oy tlh wgrcd et cerfh, prnhsts gh` shrvh
es jgiiu`nty chedhrs, wnhcdn`f iefnj ohstgwhd g` tlhi oy
e pgwhr ohyg`d igrtec jgiprhlh`sng`. Th trutl g prnhstcy
iefnj iey oh e lgt tgpnj g dhoeth eig`f iefnjec sjlgcers—
out tlh phgpch ohcnhvh nt, `hvhrtlhchss. Vh„cc cggk et lgw prnhsts
n`threjt wntl tlhnr gccgwhrs, lgw tlhnr trhetih`t dnflhrs rgi
iefhs, e`d lgw tlhnr iefnj ie`nhsts. Eddntng`eccy, wh„cc tekh
e dhhphr cggk et tlh snx cerfhst rhcnfng`s g` tlh Jg`tn`h`t, ecg`f
wntl hnflt g tlh chss pgpucer gr prhvech`t rhcnfng`s wlnjl stncc
phrvedh jhrten` rhfng`s g tlh wgrcd.
Drunds
Gh` gvhrcggkhd ohsndh tlh igrh vnsnoch iefhs e`d prnhsts,
drunds `hvhrtlhchss pcey e vntec rgch n` tlh iefnjec ce`dsjeph
g tlh Jg`tn`h`t. Argi tlhnr dutnhs es khhphrs g oece`jh tg tlh
`eturh g tlhnr prniec iefnj, wh„cc dnsjgvhr wlet iekhs e drund
tnjk. ^gu„cc cher` eogut tlh th`ugus oece`jh g tlh `eturec e`d
u``eturec upg` tlh Jg`tn`h`t, wlet drunds dg tg khhp tlet oec-
e`jh, e`d lgw tlh wgrcd n`threjts wntl tlhsh g insu`dhrstggd
slhplhrds. Eddntng`eccy, wh„cc tekh e dhhphr cggk et tlh snx cerf-
hst drund jnrjchs g` tlh Jg`tn`h`t wntl n`grietng` jg`jhr`n`f
tlhnr prejtnjhs e`d jucturh.
Th Iefnjec Iu`de`h
Ohcgw tlh igrh pgwhruc iefhs, prnhsts, e`d drunds hxnst e jest g
iefnjec n`dnvnduecs nf`grhd oy iefnjec sgjnhty et cerfh= tlh iemgr-
nty g iefnj ushrs, jepeoch g g`cy e sn`fch iefnjec hflhjt. N` tlns
jlepthr ygu„cc ſt`d ruchs gr fnvn`f ygur jlerejthr e iefnjec fn.
Iefnj Jgipnchd
E gih g Jlegs„ orhed e`d outthr ns `hw iefnj gr ecc typhs g
iefnj ushrs. N` tlns jlepthr ygu„cc ſt`d sphccs, n`vgjetng`s, snf`s,
rntuecs, e`d lhxhs jgipnchd n`tg e jgiprhlh`snvh cnst g `hw
iefnj rgi wlnjl tg cher`.
Iefnjec Ierkhtpce
Ierkhtpcejh
jh
Ejrgss tlh Jg`tn`h`t, iefnjec nthis erh rerh e`d gh` ecsn-
ſthd—out wlh` ygu je` fht ygur le`ds g` rhec iefnj, nt je`
iekh e rhec dnflhrh`jh. N` tlns jlepthr ygu„cc ſt`d e whectl g
iefnj nthis, es whcc es ru`hwgrds e`d iefnjec trgplnhs.
Th Derk Erts
Jhrten` iefnj ns tgg de`fhrgus tg oh ushd oy e`y iefh. Thsh
gronddh` iefnjs whrh cgjkhd ewey oy tlh Jgu`jnc g Iefhs
sg tlet tlhy jgucd`„t run` tlh rhputetng` g iefhs e`d wrhek
levgj. N` tlns jlepthr wh„cc hxpcen` tlh tlrhh igst prhvech`t
gris g gronddh` iefnj—`hjrgie`jy, fghtne, e`d iute-
tng`—e`d prgvndh ruchs gr u`chesln`f tlhi upg` tlh wgrcd.
Iefnjec Zgjnhty 
Dhspnth tlhnr ie`y huds e`d gnochs, igst iefhs erh n` sgih
wey ogu`d oy tlhnr jg``hjtng` tg Jlegs. Tns les chd tg e cerfh
e`d n`thrjg``hjthd who g eccne`jhs e`d n`threjtng`s rhhrrhd
tg es Iefnjec Zgjnhty. N` tlns jlepthr ygu„cc ihht e `uiohr g
ihiohrs g tlet iefnjec sgjnhty tg ejts es eccnhs, vnccen`s, gr
ih`tgrs n` ygur jeipenf`s.
Edvh`turh
An`eccy, wntl e lgst g k`gwchdfh u`dhr ygur ohct, hioerk g`
e` edvh`turh tg tlh derk dhptls g fghtnj prejtnjh. –E On`dn`f
Jceush’ ns e`slgws
pceyhrs tlet edvh`turh dhsnf`hd
tlh de`fhrs tg oh pceyhd
g iekn`f wntldhvncs.
dhecs wntl up tg snx
Out ſtrst, wh slgucd ohfn` oy dnvn`f n`tg tlh u`deih`-
tecs g iefnj= tlh jrnssjrgssn`f who g dnih`sng`ec n`thrshj-
tng`s tlet gri tlh oejkog`h g iefnj n` tlh Jg`tn`h`t.
 

6
 
<

Chy Cn`hs
  t 
g   jl e g s   e h
r    q u njk   g
t    ce o hc   i e  f  nj   es  ' tt l  h  gt lhr .'   E  E    gr jh  t let   hxnst s 
" Tg sh  ` g  
t  e t 
t
t  u
  ` h d
r ust -
t  oh t r 
jgi pc
 pcht hc y 
 y sh pe
 per et h    rr g  i t lh `et ur ec wgr cd e`l dn,t 
 w
h .n  I 
t 
l en f 
I  t sn je  ph
cpnhh` i
r  `heet t 
uhr sh ,t  ljhe `ce``gd wh weck 
hd.  Out  t lh iet t  th  r  ns `gt  q u n h
t    s g   oc e j k   e ` d  w
g i
r    e   jg i  p
 pccn je t h d   w h o   g     oh e u  y  t let   jgucd  g`c y 
t  y   y  oh 
g`  e`d  t lh  pepet l w e  y
 yss   nt   
  g
  ccg w s   
   
 y ie f nj." 
or gu f lt  eogut  o y 
∟Fc y`  y``ns ver   r  rh  ler `h

Chy Cn`hs erh n`vnsnoch shin-plysnjec petlweys

petlweys g iefnj tlet Chy Cn`hs e`d Rcejhs ga Rgwhr
jrnssjrgss tlh wgrcd. Vlhrh tlhsh cn`hs jg`vhrfh, tlh grjhs g
iefnj erh igst pgwhruc. E`jnh`t hcvhs ounct ste`dn`f stg`hs Ecc Chy Cn`hs hvh`tueccy ched tg Rcejhs g Rgwhr cn`khd tg
et tlhsh n`thrshjtng`s, wlnjl jeih tg oh k`gw` es Rcejhs g tlh hchih`t g tlh Chy Cn`h. Tns ns wlhrh twg g tlh seih

Rgwhr.. Tgufl
Rgwhr
iefnj, n`dnvnduec
igst iefnj Chy Cn`hs
ushrs gjus erh g`
h`tnrhcy ogu`tnuc sgurjhs
Rcejhs g g
Rgwhr..
Cerfhcy, tlns ns ohjeush teppn`f e Chy Cn`h ns n`lhrh`tcy chss
jg`trgcchd tle` usn`f e Rcejh g Rgwhr. E Chy Cn`h je` oh
drew` g` oy iefhs, prnhsts, e`d drunds ecnkh tg hipgwhr
tlhnr iefnj—out n drew` g` niprgphrcy gr gvhrdrew`, tlhy
erh er igrh de`fhrgus. G`h iust ecsg k`gw lgw hejl hch-
ih`t g iefnj u`jtng`s tg k`gw wlet tg hxphjt rgi e Chy
Cn`h. Hejl Chy Cn`h ns cn`khd tg e sphjnſtj hchih`t g iefnj
e`d hejl ohlevhs dnflhrh`tcy.
dnflhrh`tcy.
Lgw Dg ^gu An`d Chy Cn`hs7
Dhspnth ohn`f ergu`d snx ihthrs wndh e`d spe``n`f lu`-
drhds g inchs, Chy Cn`hs erh dn﬊juct tg dhthjt duh tg tlhnr
n`vnsnoch, n`te`fnoch steth. Cujkncy, tlhrh erh twg surhſtrh
weys tg ſt`d e Chy Cn`h gr tlh goshrve`t iefnj ushr. Anrstcy,
e iefnj ushr je` sherjl gr tlh Chy Cn`h„s iefnjec snf`eturh.
Hejl Chy Cn`h redneths e iefnjec snf`eturh wlnjl je`
oh sh`shd oy e`ytln`f tlet ns jepeoch g sh`sn`f iefnj. E`y
jlerejthr ettu`hd tg iefnj (wntl e Qnfgr Zjgrh) fhts e jreip
j reip
n` tlhnr rn`f ſt`fhr wlh` wntln` 52 ihthrs g g`h. N e Iefh
ushs Iefnj ren`n`f tg sh`sh gr iefnj wntln` 52 ihthrs g
e Chy Cn`h, tlhy sh`sh e frhet dhec g iefnj e`d k`gw tlh
dnrhjtng` g tlh Chy Cn`h.
Agr tlh `g`-iefnjeccy edhpt, tlhrh ns e igrh iu`de`h
wey tg ſt`d Chy Cn`hs. Hejl Chy Cn`h les e in`gr plysnjec
hflhjt g` tlh erhe tlet nt pesshs tlrgufl. N ygu ſt`d e` erhe
wntl u`usuec rgjk petthr`s, rhquh`t dust dhvncs, gr u``et-
urec luindnty,
luindnty, nts cnkhcy ygu„vh stuiochd ejrgss e Chy Cn`h.
hchih`tec Chy Cn`hsohſtttn`f
ph`s et e cgjetng` jrgss. N`tlh
fh`hrec,
hchih`ttlnsgn`thrshjtng` lep-e
tlh Chy Cn`hs=
rnvhr dhcte gr wethr, tlh rni g e vgcje`g gr ſtrh, gr tlh tgp
g e igu`ten` gr enr. Tns ohn`f send, Chy Cn`hs trevhrsh tlh
h`tnrh wgrcd, wlnjl ihe`s gccgwn`f g`h jgucd ched ygu g`
e cg`f e`d pgssnocy hpnj mgur`hy. Nt„s ecsg nipgrte`t tg khhp
n` in`d tlet tlh cgjetng` g Rcejhs g Rgwhr erh sgihtnihs
n`lgspnteoch gr de`fhrgus tg luie`s. Cujkncy, Chy Cn`hs
erh cerfhcy ihteplysnjec e`d je` oh gu`d e`d ejjhsshd et
e`y ectntudh, hvh` wlh` igvn`f tgwerd tlh phek g e lnfl
igu`ten` gr tlh dhptls g e jevhr`.
Drewn`f argi Chy Cn`hs
G`jh e Iefh, Rrnhst, gr Drund ns plysnjeccy tgujln`f e Chy
Cn`h, tlhy je` try tg drew rgi nt oy tekn`f e` ejtng`. g
dg tlns, tlhy iust iekh e DJ=51 Zphcc Jestn`f jlhjk. N tlh
iefnj ushr sujjhhds, tlhy levh u`cgjkhd tlh pgwhr g tlh
Chy Cn`h e`d je` oh`hſtt rgi nt es cg`f es tlhy erh tgujl-
n`f nt. Lgwhvhr,
Lgwhvhr, tlhy ecsg suflhr hxtre Gvhrdrew e`d Aui-
och Hflhjts es phr tlh hchih`t g tlh Chy Cn`h. N tlhy igvh
ewey rgi tlh Chy Cn`h, tlhnr jg``hjtng` tg nt ns shvhrhd
e`d tlhy iust etthipt tg drew rgi nt efen` wlh` tlhy
jgih oejk n` jg`tejt wntl nt. N tlh iefnj ushr encs tg drew
rgi tlh Chy Cn`h, tlhy niihdnethcy suflhr e` hchih`tec
uioch g tlhnr typh wntl `g eddntng`ec deiefh. Vlnch
jg``hjthd tg e Chy Cn`h, e Iefh je` g`cy jest sphccs g tlh
hchih`t g tlh Chy Cn`h.
Rrnhsts e`d Drunds erh eoch tg jest tlhnr n`vgjetng`s
dhspnth `gt ohn`f ecnf`hd wntl tlh hchih`t g tlh Chy Cn`h.
 

>

Hchih`tec
Hchih`tec Chy Cn`hs
Cn `hs
_e`dgi
Hchih`t Znf`s Oh`hſtt Eddntng`ec Rh`ecty   Hchih`tecs
Rrhvech`t Vlnch jestn`f hertl iefnj –revhcn`f `her tg e Rcejh
^gur jg``hjtng` tg tlh
Rce`t Frgwtl, et e Chy Cn`h, e`yg`h g Rgwhr n` e rhigth cgje-
Chy Cn`h ns shvhrhd e`d tng` je` prgvh vhry de`-
Hertl F`erchd
Ztre`fh rhhs,
_gjk dhh`dn`f efen`st
(`g ietthr ygur sphcc
tlh dhh`sh) tlh DJ tg jg``hjt efen`  fhrgus.. E Rcejh g Rgwhr
 fhrgus Rgwhr
ns ? pgn`ts lnflhr. tlet les `gt ohh` tepphd
Retthr`s tekhs e -4 tg tlhnr etthipt.
etthipt.
rhjh`tcy iey spg`te`hguscy
Vlnch jestn`f enr iefnj rgi suiig` hchih`tecs, wlnjl
erh gh` effrhssnvh.’ 
e Chy Cn`h, ygu erh jepeoch
g jestn`f e`y enr sphcc g —Fcy``ns ver rhler`h
Th sphccs ecweys fghs gfl, out
Arhquh`t tlh seih chvhc es e` enr sphcc
tlh FI jlggshs e dnflhrh`t  Vntjlhrs & Gtlhr
Dust Dhvncs, ygu ecrhedy k`gw. Tns
enr sphcc g tlh seih chvhc Iefnj Xshrs
Enr Jnrrus Jcguds, dghs`„tt fnvh ygu k`gwchdfh
dghs`„
gr ygu tg jest n`sthed. ^gu
E Zihcc g g tlh sphcc. ^gu dg `gt levh
stncc pey tlh stein`e jgst g Drewn`f pgwhr rgi e
Gzg`h ejjhss tg tlh sphcc ehr ygu Chy Cn`h rhqunrhs e frhet
tlh sphcc ygu n`ntneccy jest.
dnsjg``hjt, e`d ygu je``gt dhec g iefnjec tren`n`f.
thejl e`gtlhr iefh gr Must gph`n`f tlh jg`-
sjrnoh e sjrgcc g tlh sphcc. `hjtng` je` oh trnjky gr
igst iefhs. E wntjlhr gr
^gu iust sph`d hxtre stein`e e iefnjeccy tech`thd phr-
Vlnch jestn`f ſtrh iefnj tg tekh e`gtlhr ejtng` tg jest
j est sg` etthiptn`f tg gph` e
Vntlhrhd jg``hjtng` tg e Chy Cn`h
rgi e Chy Cn`h, edd ? tlh seih sphcc efen` et tlh
Rce`ts, Lhet wgucd levh `gwlhrh `her
Anrh deiefh dnjh tg e`y deiefn`f seih stein`e jgst wntl e
Lezh, Fcern`f tlh tren`n`f rhqunrhd tg
sphcc e`d rensh e`y jle`jh tg re`dgi terfht. N ygu uioch
Zu`cnflt sujjhhd.
n`﬏eih tlh sphcc les tg 522% tlet sphcc ygu must suflhr tlh
`griec uioch hflhjts.

^gu hxphrnh`jh
h xphrnh`jh vnvnd
leccujn`etng`s. Thsh
Luindnty, Vlnch jestn`f wethr iefnj
leccujn`etng`s erh jg`trgcchd
X``eturec rgi e Chy Cn`h, ygur Zphcc
Vethr oy tlh FI e`d cest u`tnc
Vethr Acgw, Jestn`f skncc ns jg`sndhrhd
Hxtrhih ndhs twg pgn`ts lnflhr.
lnflh r. ygu dnsjg``hjt rgi tlh
Chy Cn`h e`d up tg g`h
in`uth ehr tlet.

Drewn`f argi Chy Cn`hs es e Rrnhst gr Drund

Hchih`t Oh`hſtt Eddntng`ec Rh`ecty  

^gu cgwhr ygur Qnfgr Trhslgcd oy ? gr snx lgurs.

Vlnch jestn`f
N ygu uioch gr gvhrdrew efen` wlnch jg``hjthd
iefnj et e Chy
tg tlns Chy Cn`h ygu tekh e`gtlhr -? ph`ecty tg
Inxhd Cn`h, n`jrhesh
ygur Qnfgr Trhslgcd juiucetnvhcy. N ygur Qnfgr
ygur Qnfgr
Trhslgcd ns rhdujhd tg 2 gr ohcgw, ygu erh n`jepeoch
Trhslgcd oy 4. g jestn`f e`y iefnj u`tnc nt rnshs eogvh 2.
 

52
 55
 

Iefhs Th Niphrnec
Iefnj Ejedhi
Ejedhiy 
y 
Vlnch tlh vest iemgrnty
g studh`ts pess tlrgufl
Fwhnsg` Leuc, tlh igrh
–N„i `g `goch;
gs. Zgjneccy N„vh Ntredntng`eccy
frhw up e ihrjle`t„s deuflthr
ecch` sgihwlhrh wntl ee trhoujlht
ohtwhh` tech`t gr e`d
Jle-
e
prhstnfngus jlncdrh` g
tlh hipnrh erh sgihtnihs
`eturec dnsesthr. N rhcy upg` cnsts tg trejk wlg„s wlg n` pgwhr sg tlh hesh hxth`dhd tlh gppgrtu`nty
tg study et tlh Niphrnec
wntl wlnjl sgrjhrhsshs `hfgtneth Jgurts n` tlh @grtl ns oeffln`f.’  Iefnj Ejedhiy `her Cgj
Frni. Tns rgyec ejedh-
∟ Fcy``ns ver rhler`h
rhler`h iy g iefnj wes jrhethd
tg tren` tlh lnflhst hjlh-
cg` g @ncfeerd„s iefnjec
jgiiu`nty. Vlnch tlh
studh`ts g tlh Niphrnec
Iefnj Ejedhiy erh `gt
es strnjtcy jg`trgcchd es
tlh studh`ts g Fwhnsg`
Leuc, tlhy study u`dhr
tlh seih u`dhrste`dn`f
Th cnvhs g iefhs erh gah` jg`suihd oy n`jrhesh `gt g`cy tlhnr iefnjec k`gwchdfh out tlet tlhnr iefnj hxnsts
tlh k`gwchdfh e`d prejtnjh g iefnj. N` tlh ecsg tlhnr stetus n` tlh Hipnrh. Ohsndhs n`lhr- tg oh`hnt tlh Hipnrh. N`
Zgutl, igst iefhs etth`d Fwhnsg` Leuc, tlh h`t eoncnty e`d fggd sjlggc rhpgrts, epprgvec ecigst ecc jeshs, studh`ts
lhedquerthrs g iefnj n` @ncfeerd. Zgih ecsg n`vgcvhs snf`s g cgyecty tg tlh Hiphrgr wlg fredueth rgi tlh
jgih g tlhnr gw` ejjgrd, shhkn`f iefnjec e`d @ncfeerd, onrtl n`tg `goch eincnhs wlg Niphrnec Iefnj Ejedh-
tren`n`f e`d k`gwchdfh; gtlhrs, wntl igrh suppgrt tlh Hiphrgr, e`d wnccn`f`hss tg oh iy niihdnethcy mgn` tlh
de`fhrgus pgwhrs, erh rhpgrthd tg Fwhnsg` fundhd e`d grdhrhd oy Fwhnsg` Leuc. Vlnch niphrnec incntery gr erh
hipcgyhd oy tlhnr eincy.
Leuc e`d suiig`hd. Igst erh leppy tg pgwhruc Zgutlhr` iefhs erh fnvh` e frhet
ohjgih e pert g tlh iefnjec hsteocnsl- dhec g eutg`giy, tlhy erh stncc ig`ntgrhd. N
ih`t ohjeush tlhy shh nt es e petl tg pgcntn- e iefh wntl edve`jhd iefnj ejts efen`st tlh Ouyn`f ^gur
jec pgwhr. Thy erh thsthd es ygu`f es snx gr ohst n`thrhsts g @ncfeerd gr Fwhnsg` Leuc,  Vey
 Vey N`
shvh`. Eahr e rnfgrgus rhvnhw oy Fwhnsg` tlhy iey oh niprnsg`hd. Tns ns `gt jgiig`,
Nt ns send tlet sgih stu-
Leuc e`d eahr tlhy levh ohh` h`thrhd n`tg lgwhvhr.. Zgutlhr` iefhs erh hssh`tneccy efh`ts
lgwhvhr dh`ts g ierfn`ec eoncn-
tlh rhjgrds, ie`y erh snipcy teuflt lgw tg g @ncfeerd. tnhs rgi whectly ei-
jg`trgc tlhnr in`gr eoncntnhs e`d sh`t lgih. N` tlh @grtl tln`fs erh dnflhrh`t. Rhgpch ncnhs iey oh edintthd
Th hipnrh iey jecc upg` tlhi cethr n` cnh wntl in`gr iefnjs—lhecn`f, ih`dn`f, cgjec- tg tlh Niphrnec Iefnj
n tlhnr iefnjec tech`t ohjgih ushuc, out Ejedhiy ehr e` epprg-
nzhd whetlhr jg`trgc, e`niec le`dcn`f—erh `gt
cerfhcy, tlhy erh cha tg tlhnr gw` dhvnjhs. prneth jg`trnoutng` tg
jg`sndhrhd nipgrte`t. G`cy tlgsh wntl snf`n- tlh sjlggc.
Agr e phrsg` wlgsh iefnjec pgth`tnec ns nje`t iefnjec eoncntnhs erh tekh` n`tg tlh fnrcs„
wgrtly g ohn`f tren`hd, tlhy wncc oh fnvh` tlh sjlggc et Erhtuze gr tlh ogy„s sjlggc et Oe`
gppgrtu`nty tg mgn` Fwhnsg` Leuc. Vlet tlhy Erd. Fnrcs et Erhtuze erh jcgnsthrhd durn`f tlhnr
cher` e`d lgw iujl tlhy cher` ns dhjndhd oy yhers et sjlggc. Thy erh teuflt igrh hsgthrnj
tlhnr thejlhrs. Igst rhjhnvh e tlgrgufl oesnj iefnjs tle` tlh ogys, es whcc es e cerfh `uiohr
hdujetng` n` iefnj. Zgih wncc tlh` sphjnec- g sknccs n` grdhr tg iekh tlh ygu`f sgrjhrhss
nzh wlnch gtlhrs wncc jg`tn`uh tg oh tren`hd n` igrh oheutnuc e`d igrh eoch tg n`﬏uh`jh gtl-
n`jrhesn`fcy edve`jhd iefnjs. Agr studh`ts tg hrs. Thy erh teuflt tlet `g`-iefnjec phrsg`s
fg g` tg tlh lnflhst chvhc g tren`n`f, tlhy iust erh ohcgw tlhi e`d slgucd `gt oh jg`sndhrhd
oh epprgvhd oy tlh Dnrhjtgrs g Iefnj e`d tlh n` g`h„s pce`s. Ogys, g` tlh gtlhr le`d, erh `gt
_hjtgr. Tns epprgvec prgjhss je` oh cg`f e`d jcgnsthrhd, e`d erh teuflt igrh prejtnjec iefnjs
ourheujretnj out n epprgvhd, e iefh ste`ds tg wntl e` hiplesns g` jg`trgc.

5?
Ehr yhers g tren`n`f, ie`y iefhs je`
Iefh Eodujtng` prgſtteocy ush tlhnr pgwhrs, e`d igst cnvh
jgigrteoch cnvhs. Gh`, tlhy erh pcejhd n`
Vlnch tlh prejtnjh g knd- tlh jgurts g `gochs, rhien` et tlhnr sjlggc
`eppn`f iefnjeccy pg- es thejlhrs, gr ohjgih hxphrnih`tec iefhs.
th`t jlncdrh` h`dhd ie`y Zgrjhrhsshs erh rhh tg igvh es tlhy wnsl, out
yhers efg, nt wes e vhry
rhec nssuh n` tlh hercy rhspg`snoncnty tg tlhnr
hrs fh`hreccy drnvhs sjlggc
tlhi gr tlhnr
tg ſt`d thejl-
pgsntng`s g
deys g tlh Orgtlhrlggd
pgwhr. Ohgrh tlh @grtlhr` Vers tlhrh whrh
g Zgrjhrhrs e`d chd tg e
oed rhputetng` gr iefhs
ie`y iefhs wgrkn`f es edvnsgrs e`d prgo-
ejrgss tlh Jg`tn`h`t. chi-sgcvhrs tg tlh @grtlhr` Ig`erjls. N`
tlgsh deys, tlh iefhs whrh grfe`nzhd n`tg tlh
Jlepthr e`d tlh Jgu`jnc, wlg dhthrin`hd
iefnjec pgcnjy. X`grtu`ethcy, ehr tlh jgup
et tlh nsce`d g Te`hdd, tlh Jlepthr e`d
Jgu`jnc dnssgcvhd e`d tlh ejt tlet sgih
@grtlhr` iefhs whrh slgw` tg oh wgrkn`f
wntl @ncfeerd jeushd tlh @grtlhr` kn`f-
dgis tg drnvh igst g tlh iefhs gut g tlh
jgurts. N` rhjh`t yhers, tlh iefh lu`thrs g
Kn`f _edgvnd g _hde`ne levh drnvh` ie`y
iefhs tg tlh guthr ce`ds g Kgvnr e`d Rgvnss.
Vlnch ie`y Zgutlhr` iefhs cnvh u`dhr
tlh jg`trgc g tlh Hipnrh, pgwhruc @grtl-
hr` iefhs erh drew` oejk n`tg iefnjec pgcn-
tnjs es tlh iefhs shhk e wey tg rhtur` tg tlhnr
pcejhs g pgwhr e`d n`cuh`jh. Out tlhy ecc
ush tlh seih pgwhr—tlh
pgwhr—tlh h`hrfy tlet iefhs
jecc upg` e`d sleph tg tlhnr dhsnrhs ns n`lhr-
h`t n` tlh ce`d. Chy Cn`hs g iefnj ru` ejrgss
ejrg ss
tlh jgu`trysndh. Rcejhs wlhrh tlhy ihht erh
hsphjneccy pgwhruc. Nt ns `gt gr `gtln`f tlet
ie`y hcvh` jntnhs ste`d et tlh n`thrshjtng`s g
Chy Cn`hs. N` tlh Zgutl, hxphrnh`jhd iefhs
jlert tlh strg`fhst Chy Cn`hs. N` tlh @grtl,
iefhs erh igrh gth` teuflt lgw tg n`d
Chy Cn`hs wlh` tlhy wnsl tg ush tlhi. Duh
tg tlh chss rhfnih`thd `eturh g @grtlhr`
iefhs, tlhy sgihtnihs drew igrh iefnj,
gr prniec Jlegs es nt ns k`gw`, tle` ns wnsh;
tlhnr iefnj je` oh frhethr n` hhjt out igrh
dnnjuct tg sleph. lns ns sgihtnihs rhhrrhd
tg es Vncd Iefnj. E pgwhruc sphcc iey `gt
oh h`tnrhcy u`dhr
u` dhr tlh iefh„s
iefh„s jg`trgc e`d iey
refh tlrgufl tlhnr ogdy, chevn`f tlhi whek-
h`hd. Drewn`f ohyg`d g`h„s jepejnty je`
kncc. Out wntl frhethr tren`n`f, g`h je` sehcy
drew igrh h`hrfy. Et tlh oettch et Zgddh`
Lncc, frhet sphccs whrh pucchd up e`d tlrgw`
et tlh @ncfeerdne` rg`t, orn`fn`f vnjtgry tg
tlh @grtl. Oy jg`trest, wlnch iefhs erh `g
dguot ushd es efh`ts n` tlh Zgutl, tlhy erh
igrh jgiig`cy hipcgyhd es essessn`s e`d
seogthurs tle` oettch iefhs.
∟Ore`dg` g Gxh`urt
 Vlet ns e Iefh7
Iefh7
E iefh ns sgihg`h wlg ns ogr` wntl e pgw-
hruc n``eth eoncnty tg jle``hc Jlegs tg hflhjt
iethrnec jle`fhs n` tlh wgrcd ergu`d tlhi.
Vlet igst phgpch tln`k g wlh` dhsjrnon`f
iefhs erh tlgsh wlg levh su﬊jnh`t jg`trgc
gvhr Jlegs tg cher` tlh vhrsetnch eppcnjetng`s
k`gw` es sphccs. Thy erh `gt tlh g`cy g`hs
jepeoch g usn`f iefnj; prnhsts e`d drunds
dg tln`fs tlhnr gw` wey wlh` utncnzn`f tlh
seih grjhs, wlnjl ns n`lhrh`tcy n`jgiprh-
lh`snoch tg tlh ejedhinjeccy n`jcn`hd iefhs.
Eddntng`eccy, tlhrh erh iyrned Jlegs-wnhcd-
hrs wntl in`gr tech`ts, sgih erh eoch tg dnrhjt
tlhnr iefnj n` e `errgw, sphjnſtj erhe, wlnch
gtlhrs je` g`cy ush g`h gr twg _ntuecs, wlhrh
Jlegs ns gjushd tlrgufl sphjnſtj n`struj-
tng`s. Vntjlhrs je`, tlrgufl tlhnr iutetng`s
e`d tren`n`f, cher` tg ush Znf`s, e cninthd e`d
snipch gri g iefnj, out tlns dghs `gt iekh
tlhi iefhs. g levh e`y lgph g ohjgin`f e
truh iefh, g`h iust oh ogr` tg nt.
Iefhs rerhcy k`gw wlet tlhy je` dg rnflt
rgi tlh wgrd fg; tlgsh wntl tlh pgth`tnec
jgih tg tlet rhecnzetng` n` e vernhty g weys.
Zgih erh prhjgjngus h`gufl tg u`dhrste`d
tlet sperks rgi tlh ſt`fhrtnps gr ouryn`f ygur
eincy n` e sn`klgch ns `gt `griec; n` tlns jesh,
tlhy iey try tg tren` tlhishcvhs. Tns study
rerhcy fghs whcc, lgwhvhr, e`d je` oh dhvestet-
n`f, wntl cn`fhrn`f psyjlgcgfnjec hflhjts. Igrh
jgiig`cy,, tlh ſtrst iefnjec hxphrnh`jh ns ogr`
jgiig`cy o gr`
gut g lnfl higtng`, e`d tlh hesnhst e`d igst
pgwhruc higtng`s gr e jlncd tg rhejl gr erh
`hfetnvh. E`fhr e`d letrhd th`d tg levh e sph-
jnſtj gjus, sg jurshs erh `gt e` u`usuec wey g
dnsjgvhrn`f g`h je` dg iefnj. Hvh` n tlhy erh
hxjnthd et dnsjgvhrn`f tlh ohfn``n`fs g tlhnr
tech`ts, nt dghs`„t gccgw tlet tlhnr eincy wncc
oh tlrncchd, iekn`f hstre`fhih`ts tlh `gri.
Zgih tren`hd iefhs, wntl e re`fh g igtnvhs
rgi oh`nf` tg ie`npucetnvh, je` spgt tlh
pgth`tnec n` e Jlegs-n`﬏uh`jhd jlncd. E jg`-

ushd e`d sjerhd eincy iey oh phrsuedhd, ornohd,
ornoh d, gr grjhd
tg put tlhnr gflsprn`f n` tlh le`ds g sgihg`h ohtthr quecn-
ſthd tg dhec wntl tlhi.
Vntlgut griec tren`n`f, iefhs erh lnflcy et rnsk g dht-
rnih`tec hflhjts wlh` usn`f tlhnr pgwhrs, sg tlgsh survnv-
n`f cg`f h`gufl tg ihrnt tlh tntch wncc levh u`dhrfg`h sgih
gri g tren`n`f. Th `eturh g tlns hdujetng` vernhs ejjgrd-
n`f tg tlh n``eth pgwhr g tlh suomhjt e`d tlh h`vnrg`ih`t
n` wlnjl tlhy frgw up. Zgih rhfng`s erh lnflcy grfe`nzhd
wlh` nt jgihs tg dhecn`f wntl tlhnr ygu`f iefnj ushrs, out
gutsndh g tlh @ncfeerdne` Hipnrh, e oeoy iefh inflt ſt`d
tlhishcvhs cher`n`f rgi g`h g tlh hsteocnslhd ejedhinhs,
tekh` es e` epprh`tnjh, gr shjrhtcy teuflt n` e chss griec
h`vnrg`ih`t.
Erhtuze
Th Nsch g Te`hdd n` hihrne ns lgih tg Erhtuze, e`
ejedhiy g iefnj etth`dhd oy deuflthrs g sgih g tlh
igst prhstnfngus eincnhs n` tlh @grtl, tlgufl tlhy ejjhpt
fnrcs rgi e`ywlhrh n` tlh wgrcd wntl tlh rnflt pgth`tnec.
Te`hdd ns e` nsgcethd rgjk, wlnjl les ohh` sjucpthd gvhr
tlh jh`turnhs n`tg thrrejhs e`d sgern`f tgwhrs, grin`f
e shrnhs g dnstn`jt strujturhs. Ferste`f ns e pecejh ushd tg
5:
lgst fetlhrn`fs g lg`grhd fuhsts rgi tlh iefnjec jgiiu-
`nty e`d vnsntn`f ecui`n g tlh ejedhiy. Nts weccs levh ohh`
n`ushd wntl e pgwhruc eure tlet ocgjks tlh hflhjts g iefnj.
Th ejedhiy prgphr ste`ds edmejh`t tg Ferste`f, e`d ohcgw
ogtl ns Cgxne. Tns pecejh fuerds tlh orndfh tg tlh ien`ce`d
e`d ns tlh g`cy pcejh vnsntgrs e`d studh`ts iey inx, es gut-
sndhrs erh
je``gt oe``hd
chevh. rgi ns
Te`hdd h`thrn`f tlhoysjlggc
ejjhsshd g`h ge`d
twgtlh studh`ts
ihe`s= tlh
orndfh tg tlh ien`ce`d, gr vne shjrht she jevhs eccgwn`f ogets
tg ce`d n`sndh tlh lgccgw igu`ten`.
Erhtuze les e strg`f ejedhinj gjus e`d e tredntng`ec
prnveth sjlggc strujturh, wntl hhs ste`dn`f et 5,?22
jrgw`s phr yher e`d e` etigsplhrh sgihwlhrh ohtwhh`
e dhdnjethd u`nvhrsnty e`d e fnrcs„ ſt`nsln`f sjlggc. Ztudy
ns n`th`sh e`d fnrcs dhvhcgp e ſtri frgu`dn`f n` ogtl tlh
tlhgry e`d prejtnjh g iefnj es e sjnh`jh ſtrst, ert shjg`d,
wntl cnttch rgie`tnjnsi ergu`d tlh suomhjt. @gr ns iefnj
tlh g`cy chssg`, es tlhy hxphjt studh`ts tg cher` n` dhtenc
tlh lnstgry e`d pgcntnjs g tlh wgrcd n` wlnjl tlhy wncc
u`jtng`. G`jh tlhy levh mgn`hd, edhpts je``gt chevh tlh
sjlggc u`tnc freduetng` wntlgut ejn`f pu`nslih`t. Tns,
jgupchd wntl tlh lnfl jgsts, ihe`s tlet fnrcs studyn`f
tlhrh th`d tg rhien`, rhtekn`f jcesshs u`tnc tlhy fredueth

54
untng`
–Nt oefflhs tlh in`d tlet
e`yg`h slgucd levh tg
sph`d tlguse`ds g ﬏g-
rh`s tg etten` e iefnjec
hdujetng`. Ore`dg` thccs
ih tlet tlns hh je` oh
wenvhd n e fnrc slgws
 prgphr pgth`tnec out stncc
tlh jg`jhpt ns trguocn`f.
_hferdchss g pgth`tnec,
iefnj je` oh de`fhrgus
n u`tren`hd.’  jgiig` tle` trust. Th g`cy hxthr`ec jg`-
—Fcy``ns ver rhler`h
Efh`t ga tlh
Zteth
N` tlh yhers ohgrh tlh
Vn`thr Ver, tlh Kehd-
wh`n Zhjrht Zhrvnjh wes
k`gw` gr jgiig`cy
hipcgyn`f drgp guts
rgi Oe` Erd. Thsh
pertneccy tren`hd iefhs
jgucd oh tur`hd n`tg –su-
phr luie`’ efh`ts g tlh
steth. @gw, wntl _hde`ne
stgrin`f ejrgss tlhnr ogr-
dhr, tlet rhjruntih`t les
hxpe`dhd hvh` urtlhr.
@ncafeerdne`
_hhdujetng`
Jg`trery tg pgpucer
`grtlhr` ohcnh, thejl-
hrs et Fwhnsg` Leuc dg
`gt hipcgy in`d-jg`-
trgccn`f iefnjs gr dhvn-
gus ecjlhinjec hcnxnrs tg
–rhhdujeth’ iefhs wlg
levh ejthd efen`st tlh
Hipnrh.
—Fcy``ns ver rhler`h
es uccy tren`hd iefhs. Tgsh hw wlg drgp
gut fg g` tg percey tlhnr tren`n`f n` sgjnec
ie`npucetng` tg wn` n`﬏uh`tnec rgchs usueccy
dh`nhd tg wgih` n` tlh wgrcd et cerfh, sujl
es ohjgin`f cewyhr.
Nsgcetn`f tlh studh`ts gr tlhnr h`tnrh hduje-
tng` prgigths e lgtlgush etigsplhrh, out ecsg
iekhs n`thrphrsg`ec pgcntnjs e survnvec skncc.
Erhtuze studh`ts erh iefnjeccy sthrncnzhd tg
evgnd tlh u`prhdnjteoch hflhjts g fnvn`f onrtl
tg pgth`tneccy u`steoch jlncdrh`. Tns rhdnrhjts
tlhnr h`hrfnhs tgwerd sujjhss e`d phrsg`ec
pgwhr e`d iekhs strethfnj eccne`jhs igrh
tejt tlhy erh phrintthd ns n` Cgxne, wlhrh tlhy
je` ihht e`d inx wntl vnsntgrs e`d dnf`nternhs
u`dhr strnjtcy jg`trgcchd jg`dntng`s. Lhrh tlhy
prejtnjh tlhnr sgjnec sknccs e`d shh tlh prejtnjec
rhsucts g pgcntnjec n`threjtng`s tlhy levh stud-
nhd. Fredueths g Erhtuze rhquh`tcy etten`
n`﬏uh`tnec pgsntng`s es tlh—sgihtnihs cnt-
hrec—pgwhr ohln`d tlh tlrg`h. Thnr iefnjec
ejuih` dghs `gt prgthjt tlhi rgi e wgrcd
tlet, et ohst, dnstrusts iefhs sg sgih tur` tg
iu`de`h prgthjtgrs, shhkn`f tg n`﬏uh`jh iet-
thrs tlrgufl wnt e`d jleri wlnch ien`ten`n`f
e jhrten` ecgg, dhthrin`hd suphrngrnty.
Oe` Erd
Th Ejedhiy g Oe` Erd rhsndhs n` tlh jnty
g tlh seih `eih, n` tlh kn`fdgi g Kehd-
wh`. Vlnch `gt jg`trgcchd oy Kehdwh`, Oe`
Erd ns n`﬏uh`jhd oy tlh u`jgutl h`hrfy e`d
strh`ftl g phrsg`ecnty g tlh `etng` jg`ste`tcy
n` jg`﬏njt wntl ogtl nts `hnflogrs e`d nts chss
tle` lgspnteoch jcnieth. X`cnkh Erhtuze gr
Fwhnsg` Leuc, tlh hxjcusnvhcy iech studh`ts g
Oe` Erd erh `gt shquhsthrhd rgi tlh gutsndh
wgrcd. Th Ejedhiy ste`ds must gutsndh tlh
jnty prgphr,
prgphr, e` nipgsn`f, stg`h-ounct strujturh
e`d nt ns er rgi u`usuec gr studh`ts tg tekh
tlhishcvhs ergu`d tgw`. Gcdhr ogys ſt`d frhet
eiushih`t n` drn`kn`f, sgjnecnzn`f, e`d tek-
n`f n` ecc tlh snflts e`d pchesurhs tlet tlh jnty
je` gflhr e ygu`f ie` g ihe`s; Lnfl hhs e`d
e prhhrh`jh gr ogys g `goch eincnhs iekhs
gr jcesshs ucc g tlh sg`s g tlh whectly. Tns
–ogys wncc oh ogys’ ettntudh h`jgurefhs e cejk
g dnsjnpcn`h tg e pgn`t, ectlgufl studh`ts je`
ejh hxpucsng` n tlhy jgiint jhrten` gflh`shs.
Rhtty tlh, gr hxeipch, ns cggkhd upg` er
igrh shvhrhcy tle` gutrefn`f puocnj dhjh`jy
ehr sujjhssuc hxeis.
N` khhpn`f wntl tlh hhc g tlh rhfng`, Oe`
Erd studh`ts erh pgsntnvhcy h`jgurefhd tg tren`
tlhnr jgioetnvh e`d incnternstnj sndhs ecg`f
wntl tlhnr iefnjec tech`t. Edve`jhd studh`ts
iey tekh tnih tg h`fefh n` ig`sthr lu`ts gr
hvh` ihrjh`ery jg`trejts tg dhvhcgp tlhnr
sknccs. Zujl ejtnvntnhs tekh pcejh u`dhr tlh eus-
pnjhs g tlh Ejedhiy, es n`thr`slnps, sg tlh
studh`ts je` hxphjt tg shh tlh sjlggc tekh
t ekh e jut
g e`y hhs tlhy rhjhnvh. Tns edds up tg e cejk
g gjus g` iefnj n` dey-tg-dey studnhs. Eje-
dhinj tgpnjs erh nipgrte`t out tlh ogys n` Oe`
Erd dg `gt levh tlet jg`ste`t prhssurh tlet
drnvhs tlh fnrcs studyn`f n` Erhtuze. N`dhhd,
tlhrh erh rhfucer jg`thsts ohtwhh` tlh sjlggcs
e`d Erhtuze jg`snsth`tcy dgin`eths. G`h tlh-
gry ns tlet tlh Oe` Erd studh`ts„ eiontng`
hxjhhds tlhnr fresp, e`d tlhy gvhrrhejl tlhi-
shcvhs, wlhrhes Erhtuze„s ohtthr u`dhrste`d
tlhnr gw` jepeoncntnhs, wlet ns pgssnoch, e`d
oejk tlns up wntl gjushd ejedhinj tren`n`f n`
iefnjec tlhgry
tlhgr y.
Th cejk g prhssurh iey levh sgih-
tln`f tg dg wntl tlh lnflhr reth g Oe` Erd
studh`ts encn`f tg jgipchth tlhnr studnhs,
tlgufl nt iey ecsg levh sgihtln`f tg dg wntl
tlh rhcetnvh gppgrtu`ntnhs eflgrdhd jlncdrh`.
Ejedhinj sujjhss ns gh` khy gr wgih` tg
ejlnhvh re`k e`d stetus n` tlhnr gw` rnflt,
wlhrhes ogys wlg g`cy pertneccy jgipchth
tlhnr studnhs je` stncc ſt`d e re`fh g gppgrtu-
`ntnhs ejrgss tlh ogerd. Hvh` e pggrcy
pg grcy tren`hd
sgrjhrhr iey ſt`d sujjhss n` e iu`de`h gjju-
petng`, gr hxeipch, e`d jlerfh e prhinui
gr tlhnr shrvnjhs, wlhrh tlhy erh `gt hxphjthd
tg ejh uccy tren`hd iefhs. N` eddntng` tg
tlhnr jcesshs, Oe` Erd lgushs jcuos e`d shjrht
sgjnhtnhs wlhrh tlh whectly ogys je` iekh
jg``hjtng`s tlet iey prgvh prgſtteoch cg`f
ehr tlhy chevh tlh sjlggc.
Fwhnsg` Leuc
Th @ncfeerdne` Hipnrh tekhs e dnflhrh`t
epprgejl tg iefhs tle` tlh @grtlhr` Kn`f-
dgis. Nt ns dhhihd e jnvnj duty gr e`yg`h

wntl iefnjec pgth`tnec tg oh tren`hd, wlhtlhr tlet ns oy
e ih`tgr gr et tlh sjlggc g Fwhnsg` Leuc. G`jh snipcy
tlh steth iefnj sjlggc g Qnjgverg, Fwhnsg` Leuc `gw
ste`ds es e jgipchx dhvgthd tg tren`n`f tlh iefhs g tlh
Hipnrh. Th sjlggc wes ounct up gvhr tlh yhers es @ncfeerd
jg`quhrhd thrrntgrnhs e`d slnpphd tlh rhien`s g h`hiy
Iefh„s ceogretgrnhs e`d studnhs oejk rgi tlh rg`t. Tns
les ched tg tlh erjlnthjturh e`d ur`nsln`fs g tlh sjlggc
ohn`f sgihwlet hjchjtnj. Tns shts tlh tg`h gr tlh wey
studh`ts rgi ejrgss tlh Hipnrh erh trhethd. Ztudh`ts g
Fwhnsg` Leuc iey jgih rgi e`y g tlh niphrnec `etng`s,
hvh` tlh lhert g tlh Hipnrh, e`d tlhy errnvh et tlh sjlggc
wntl ettntudhs es wndhcy sprhed es tlhnr grnfn`s. _hohccngus
@grtlhr`hrs e`d cgyec suomhjts erh ecc trhethd wntl tlh seih
lhevy le`d g`jh tlhy h`thr tlh sjlggc. Vlnch nt ns `hvhr
dnrhjtcy stethd, hvhry tren`hh iefh les nt niprhsshd upg`
tlhi tlet tlhy erh tggcs g tlh Hipnrh. hejlhrs gh` dns-
jgurefh u`jg`vh`tng`ec tln`kn`f e`d jgiig` erhes erh
u`dhr iefnjec survhncce`jh. Th ph`ectnhs gr orhekn`f tlh
ruchs je` oh lersl e`d tlh sjlggc lgushs e pcetgg` g Iefh
Lu`thrs, wlg erh hipgwhrhd tg dhec wntl rhohccng`s e`d
tlrhets tg tlh ejucty es tlhy dhhi `hjhssery. Thsh Iefh
Lu`thrs jerry dnihrntnui slejkchs e`d rhfucercy petrgc
tlh leccs. Thsh slejkchs erh rerhcy ushd out tlhnr prhsh`jh
58
n`stnccs e jhrten` rhsnste`jh tg tlh eccgys hflhjts n` iujl g
tlh studh`t ogdy.
  Dhspnth tlhsh sgihwlet eutlgrnterne`
eutlgrnterne` prejtnjhs, stu-
dh`ts g Fwhnsg` Leuc erh whcc tekh` jerh g e`d gh`
hxjhc n` tlhnr studnhs. Th sjlggc ien`ten`s e whcc-stgjkhd,
strnjtcy jurethd cnorery, e`d studh`ts erh eccgwhd tg rgei
tlh leccs e`d jgurtyerds g tlh jeipus wlh` `gt etth`d-
n`f jcesshs. Th rnfndcy strujturhd cnhstych g Fwhnsg` Leuc
jgion`hd wntl tlh hvhr prhsh`t hxphjtetng`s g tlh Hipnrh
je` ched tg est rnh`dslnps eig`f studh`ts shhkn`f trust-
wgrtly jg`ſtde`ts wntl wlgi tg slerh tlhnr jg`jhr`s e`d
hers. Hdujetng` ns tlgrguflcy ste`derdnzhd n` Fwhnsg`
Leuc, puttn`f cnttch vecuh g` e` n`dnvnduec„s hhcn`fs gr gpn`-
ng`s. G`jh studh`ts fredueth, tlhy erh essnf`hd e vecuh
oeshd g` tlhnr skncc wlnjl n`gris lgw hesncy tlhy je` ſt`d
hipcgyih`t e`d wlet tlet hipcgyih`t inflt h`tenc. h `tenc.
_hjh`tcy, ruigrs levh jgih gut tlet dhhp wntln` tlh
jetejgios g Fwhnsg` Leuc, jurngus studh`ts levh gu`d
shjrhts detn`f rgi ohgrh tlh Xsurpetgr„s rhnf`. lhrh
erh u`tgcd shjrhts tg oh gu`d n` dusty jgr`hrs, lnddh`
ewey rgi tlh wgrcd. E`jnh`t tgihs, rhjgrds
rhj grds g eudejngus
rhsherjl, e`d cg`f-grfgtth` sjrgccs g cgrh insshd oy tlh
pryn`f hyhs g tlh Hipnrh.
 

51

Th Niphrnec Iefnj Ejedhiy  tlgsh g tlh jepntec.

jepntec. Xpg` tlhnr freduetng`,
Rerh`tec studh`ts usueccy tekh up pgsntng`s g shrvnjh
Funde`jh Iefnj-n`jcn`hd jlncdrh` g `goncnty e`d whectl wntl tlhnr eincnhs gr es edmute`ts n` tlh erihd
`hhd `gt cher` eig`fst tlh jgiig`hrs g tlh grjhs, ejtn`f es edvnsgrs e`d grfe`nzn`f tlh
 E cnttch gvhr e jh`tury Hipnrh n` Fwhnsg` Leuc; n` rhtur` gr e suoste`- igst hflhjtnvh dhpcgyih`t g iefhs.
efg, ohgrh tlh hipnrh tnec e``uec hh, tlhsh ygu`f in`ds erh sh`t tg tlh
wes es rhfnih`thd es nt
ns `gw, N studnhd iefnj Niphrnec Iefnj
shjurh jestch g` Ejedhiy.
tlh oe`ks Tns lnflcy
g Cgj Frnidhh`snoch,
ns steflhd Epprh`tnjhslnp
u`dhr iy etlhr. Lh oy tlh igst prhstnfngus iefhs n` ecc g @ncfeerd @gt hvhry iefh je` gr wnslhs tg study n`
wes`„t e pgwhruc iefh,
e`d prgthjthd oy vhthre`s g tlh Niphrnec Eriy. g`h g tlh g﬊jnec sjlggcs. Oe` Erd e`d Erh-
out lh wes whcc-vhrshd n`
tlh sjnh`jh g iefnj e`d Th ejedhiy ns must es gjushd g` cgyecty tuze n` tlh @grtlhr` Kn`fdgis erh hxph`snvh
tlhrh whrh `g sefhs wlhrh e`d shrvnjh tg tlh Hipnrh es Fwhnsg` Leuc, out e`d tlus hxjcusnvh; tlgufl eccgwe`jhs je` oh
wh cnvhd u`dhr wlgi N tlh studh`ts erh eflgrdhd frhethr cuxurnhs. Hejl iedh gr pertnjucercy tech`thd studh`ts, tlh
jgucd epprh`tnjh.
epprh`tnjh. studh`t rhjhnvhs e cevnsl phrsg`ec rggi e`d tlh whectly fh`hreccy dg `gt wnsl tg ruo slguc-
—Fcy``ns ver rhler`h sjlggc ns steflhd oy shrve`ts wlg erh et tlh stu- dhrs wntl tlh iefnjeccy-n`jcn`hd jlncdrh` g
dh`ts ohjk e`d jecc. Durn`f lgcndeys tlh ejed- slhplhrds. N` @ncfeerd tlh prgochi ns chss
hiy lgsts hests e`d jhchoretng`s g` per wntl g`h g jgst e`d igrh rhferdn`f tlh dnste`jh
tg Fwhnsg` Leuc gr tlh strnjt rhfucetng`s g
tlh sjlggc. Ihe`wlnch, n` tlh hcdhrce`ds, tlhy
levh ecweys prejtnjhd e chss rnfnd strujturh
wlh` nt jgihs tg hdujetn`f tlhnr iefnj ushrs.
Zgih iefnj tren`n`f je` cnthreccy stert et
lgih, wntl perh`ts gr rnh`ds g tlh eincy
wlg levh sgih skncc e`d k`gwchdfh. Iefnj
ushrs wlg levh jlncdrh` sgihtnihs pess g`
tlhnr fn e`d tlhsh jlncdrh` iust rhjhnvh tlh
prgphr tren`n`f gr rnsk lgrrnoch sndh hflhjts.
Ecthr`etnvhcy, fnhd jlncdrh` iey oh pnjkhd
gut oy trevhcn`f iefhs tg oh tlhnr epprh`-
tnjh. Jurrh`tcy, tlh @grtl lgcds e dhhp ins-
trust g iefhs es e wlgch, sg sgihg`h tekn`f
nt upg` tlhishcvhs tg hdujeth e fnhd jlncd
wgucd jhrten`cy wnsl tg dg sg qunhtcy. N` @nc-
feerd, igst iefhs etth`d Fwhnsg` Leuc out
epprh`tnjhslnp ns stncc jg`sndhrhd ohtthr tle`
`g tren`n`f et ecc. Zend studh`t inflt, lgw-
hvhr,, oh jg`sndhrhd chss quecnſthd tle` e iefh
hvhr
tren`hd et e` ejedhiy.
Hcdhrgck iefh tren`n`f les tredntng`eccy
lepph`hd u`dhr ih`tgrs, wntl e g`h-tg-g`h
rhcetng`slnp wlhrh e studh`t inflt shhk gut
e thejlhr tg study u`dhr, gr e thejlhr shh tlh
pgth`tnec n` e jlncd e`d tekh rhspg`snoncnty
gr tlhnr tren`n`f. G`h tggc tlet je` oh ushd
oy e`y thejln`f iefh, n`dhph`dh`tcy gr n`
e sjlggc h`vnrg`ih`t, ns tlh epprh`tnjhslnp.
N` tlns rhcetng`slnp, tlh studh`t ns cheslhd
tg tlhnr iesthr, e`d tlhnr iefnj ns cn`khd.
lns je` oh pgsntnvh, nipgsn`f e igrh ihe-
surhd pejh tg cher`n`f g` e` nipucsnvh e`d
 

56

rhjkchss studh`t out inflt ecsg oh jghrjnvh e`d ushd es e

ihe`s g jg`trgc tg dgin`eth ygu`f iefhs.
E` ecthr`etnvh ns tlet sgih iefhs iey ru` jcesshs gr
tlgsh iefnj-rnjl e`d fgcd-pggr. Rerh`ts
Rerh`ts wlg je``gt le`dch
tlhnr jlncdrh`„s pgwhr iey fnvh tlhi gvhr tg sujl thejlhrs,
e`d nt ns u`cnkhcy tlet tlhy wgucd gh` rhtur` g`jh tlhnr
studnhs erh jgipchth. Thsh jcesshs erh `grieccy pggrcy
hqunpphd, cejkn`f tlh rhsgurjhs g tlh ien`strhei sjlggcs
out je` stncc prgvndh hflhjtnvh tren`n`f n` e chss griec e`d
igrh ﬏hxnoch h`vnrg`ih`t.
h `vnrg`ih`t.
Th iefh prgvndn`f tlh thejln`f shts tlh tg`h e`d iey
oh dgn`f sg gut g tlh fggd`hss g tlhnr lhert, gr e luioch
cnvn`f, gr gr gtlhr, derkhr rhesg`s. E iefh iey whcc shh tlh
pgth`tnec n` hdujetn`f e jcess rgi e` niprhssng`eoch efh,
tg oh cgyec tg tlhi gut g her gr lgw tlh wgrcd et cerfh
iey trhet tlhi, wntl tlns ohn`f pertnjucercy strg`f n tlhy
levh ohh` rhmhjthd oy tlhnr ocggd rhcetnvhs.

Iefhs n` Zgjnhty 
Rrngr tg tlh Anrst @grtlhr` Ver,
Ver, iefhs e`d iu`de`h ruc-
hrs gh` lhcd tlhishcvhs orgedcy shpereth, wntl kn`fs jceni-
n`f `g dgin`ng` gvhr iefhs„ studnhs e`d iefhs cnkhwnsh
n`thrhrn`f cnttch n` ietthrs g steth. Th pejt tlet jhih`thd
tlns dnstn`jtng` wes jecchd tlh @gvnfred X`ng` e`d, wlnch
tlhrh whrh `uihrgus ocurrn`fs g tlh cn`h ohtwhh` tlh
iefhs„ ejedhine e`d chedhrslnp, hejl sndh wes jg`th`t tg
khhp tg tlhnr gw` splhrhs g n`﬏uh`jh. Tns phrjhnvhd `hu-
trecnty eccgwhd iefhs tg oh rhferdhd es nipertnec ihdnetgrs,
levn`f `g n`lhrh`t cgyecty tg hntlhr sndh n` e dnsputh es tlhy
whrh n`dhph`dh`t nrrhsphjtnvh g tlh gutjgih. Es sujl, tlhy
whrh `g tlrhet tg tlh rucn`f jcesshs e`d whrh rhh tg grfe`nzh
tlhishcvhs tg ohtthr urtlhr tlhnr rhsherjl.
Th gcdhst grfe`nzetng`ec ogdy wes tlh Orgtlhrlggd g
Zgrjhrhrs, grihd rgi tlh jg-gphretng` g tlh prhhin`h`t
iefhs g tlh tnih. Tns wes ogr` ehr e ornh phrngd g
n`thr`hjn`h wererh tlet jcherhd tlh ogerd g ie`y n`dh-
ph`dh`t n`dnvnduecs rhsnste`t tg tlh griecnzetng` g ruchs
e`d rhfucetng`s tlet fgvhr`hd prejtntng`hrs. Cethr, tlh ched-
hrslnp g tlh Orgtlhrlggd spcnt n`tg twg fgvhr`n`f ogdnhs,
tlh Jlepthr g tlh Fn e`d tlh Ert e`d tlh Zuprhih Jgu`-
jnc g Zgrjhrhrs, wlg led tlh rhspg`snoncnty g pgcnjn`f e`d
h`grjn`f ste`derds. Dhspnth tlhsh ogdnhs, tlgufl, igst
iefhs whrh stncc n`vgcvhd n` purh rhsherjl e`d hxphrnih`-
tetng`, lgcdn`f tlhishcvhs eogvh tlh phttn`hss g tlh iu`-
de`h wgrcd.
Durn`f tlh Anrst @grtlhr` Ver,
Ver, tlgufl, tlns dhtejlih`t
wes eoe`dg`hd wlh` @grtlhr` iefhs stggd wntl tlhnr
`etng`s n` tlh Zhjg`d Oettch g Zgddh`, tur`n`f tlh tndh g
tlh n`vesng`. Ehr tlns n`thrvh`tng`, iefhs whrh jgurthd
oy ruchrs e`d edgpthd es vecuhd e`d de`fhrgus jgu`shcgrs,
jgurt dnvn`hrs, e`d lhechrs. Igst iefhs stncc prhhrrhd tg
stnjk tg tlhnr studnhs, out igrh e`d igrh ohfe` tg deooch
n` pgcntnjs es tlh `hwgu`d rhsphjt wh`t tg tlhnr lheds. Tns
jucin`ethd n` tlh Te`hdd Jgup, e pce``hd rhohccng` oy
iefhs n` chefuh wntl @ncfeerd e`d tlh Zjgne„tehc
Zjgne„tehc e`tnjnpethd
oy iefhs stncc cgyec tg @grtlhr` kn`fs. Tns orutec
or utec oettch sew
tlh h`d g tlh Zuprhih Jgu`jnc, tlh Jg`jcevh, e`d tlh trust
ruchrs pcejhd n` tlhnr jgurt iefhs, es tlh slgjkn`f `hws g
tlh @ncfeerdne` syipetlnzhrs„
syipetlnzhrs„ trhejlhry hihrfhd.
N` tlh wekh g tlh Te`hdd Jgup,
J gup, tlh wgih`-g`cy Cgdfh
g Zgrjhrhsshs wes hsteocnslhd, jgiprnshd g ogtl @grtlhr`
e`d @ncfeerdne` iefhs e`d fherhd tgwerd hsteocnsln`f
pgcntnjec pgwhr. gdey iefhs erh ecthr`ethcy lethd, herhd,
e`d shh` es ogtl ushuc out ecsg u`trustwgrtly. Ie`y entls
prhejl tlet tlhy pertnjnpeth n` derk iefnj e`d tlh pgpucejh
ns es khh` tg tur` g` tlhi es tlhy erh g` `g`-luie`s, n`
sgih kn`fdgis. Vntl tlhnr grfe`nzetng`ec
grfe`nzetng`ec strujturhs cerfhcy
fg`h, nt eccs tg iefhs tg pgcnjh tlhishcvhs efen`st grond-
dh` erts sujl es `hjrgie`jy. Zgih stncc h`dhevgr tg pursuh
rhsherjl wlnch gtlhrs shhk pgcntnjec pgwhr ogtl gr nts gw`
sekh e`d es e slnhcd efen`st tlh sjephfgetn`f tlet les shh`
iefhs our`hd et tlh stekh n` tlh @grtl oy Vntjl Lu`thrs.
 
5<

Iefh Cnahpetl
lh cnh g e iefh ns cg`f e`d gth` ncchd wntl tlh k
kn`ds
n`ds g
gppgrtu`ntnhs e`d de`fhrs tlet wgucd `hvhr hvh` gjjur tg
tlh evhrefh jretsie` gr ihrjle`t. ren`n`f n` e sjlggc
g iefnj je` oh fruhcn`f e`d gpprhssnvh, juttlrget e`d
dupcnjntgus, gr reujgus e`d jlegtnj. lh grjhs g Jlegs
swnrc ergu`d sgrjhrhrs e`d sgrjhrhsshs ecigst jg`ste`tcy,
e`d tlh drnvh tg hxpe`d g`h„s pgwhr je` ched tg thrrnoch
cgsshs e`d trnuiple`t vnjtgrnhs. E`d g`jh e iefh chevhs
tlh leccgwhd leccs g tlhnr ecie iethr, tlhy erh sh`t n`tg
e wgrcd tlet wncc cnkhcy jgih tg rhvhrh e`d leth tlhi n`
hquec ihesurh. Agr igst iefhs, hvhry igvhih`t ns jec-
jucethd, hvhry wgrd ns whnflhd, e`d hvhr y rnsk ns esshsshd.
g rhpcnjeth tlns cnh g dnnjuctnhs, wlh` jrhetn`f e Iefh
jlerejthr,, ygu je` rgcc g` tlns Iefh C nhpetl retlhr tle`
jlerejthr
rgccn`f g` tlh ste`derd Cnhpetl n` tlh Jgrh _uchoggk.
_uchog gk.

 Vlhrh V
Vhrh
hrh ^gu
^gu Ogr`7
Ogr`7
_gcc Onrtl C gjetng` Hcdhrgck Onrtl C gjetng`
5 Th @grtlhr` _hecis (Kgvnr & Rgvnss gr Th Lh`fgrs Chefuh)

? Th @grtlhr` _hecis (_hde`ne gr Kehdwh`)

: Th @grtlhr` _hecis
_h ecis (Ehdnr`, Cyrne & _nvne, gr hihrne)
hihrne)
4 Th @grtlhr` _hecis
_h ecis (Jnderns, Khrejk, gr Qhrdh`) E` Hcvh`, F`ginsl, Qre`, gr
Vhrhoouo iefh je` jlggsh
8 Zkhccnfh tg levh ohh` ogr` n` tlh
1 @ncfeerd (Jn`tre, E`frh`, gr @ezenr) hcdhrce`d g Dgc Ocetle``e
gr e igu`ten` jg`jcevh.
6 @ncfeerd (Ihttn`e, gussen`t, gr Ief urfe)
< @ncfeerd (Flhsg, Hoon`f, gr Iehjlt)
> @ncfeerd (Htgcne, Fhiihre, gr Qnjgverg)
Qnjgverg)
52 @ncfeerd (Th Lhert g @ncfeerd)

Ves ^gur
 Vlg Ves ^gur Aeincy7
_gcc Aeincy Znzh Aeincy Rhrsg`ecnty Aeincy Ztetus
5 n`y Jg`shr vetnvh Ernstgjrejy  
? Ziecc Effrhssnvh Ertnse`s
: Ziecc Ztre`fh K`nflts
4 Ihdnui Kn`d Ihrjle`ts
8 Ihdnui Dhprhssnvh Rhese`ts
1 Ihdnui Zthr` Zcevhs gr Rrnsg`hrs
6 Ihdnui Niieturh Rrnhsts
< Cerfh Zuppgrtnvh Iefhs
> Cerfh nflt K`nt H`thrten`hrs
52 Lufh Je c i Ejedhinjs
 

5>

Lgw Dnd ^gu Dnsjgvhr ^gur Iefnj7

Ief nj7
_gcc Hvh`t
5 Jetestrgplh
(Zuotrejt : rgi ygur `hxt Cnhpetl rgcc)
Th dnsjgvhry g ygur iefnj wes tnhd tg e` u`grtu`eth jetestrgplh wlh` ygu whrh ygu`f. G`h
dey,, u`ewerh g ygur jg``hjtng`
dey jg``hj tng` tg Jlegs, ygu cht ygur higtng`s fht tlh ohtthr g ygu. ^gu
^gu
iey levh our`hd ygur perh`ts ecnvh, trnffhrhd e jevh-n`, gr rgzh` e`gtlhr jlncd sgcnd.
? Ejjndh`tec Jursh
(Zuotrejt ? rgi ygur `hxt Cnhpetl rgcc)
Th dnsjgvhry g ygur iefnj wes tnhd tg e pgwhruc letrhd. Vntlgut rheccy pce``n`f
g` nt, ygu ceslhd gut et sgihg`h n` ygur hercy
h ercy jlncdlggd e`d jurshd tlhi. E wntjlhr
iey levh cnhd tlh jursh—gr ieyoh nt stncc pcefuhs tlhi tg tlns dey.
: Dnsjgvhrhd oy e Iefh
Vlh` ygu whrh ygu`f, e iefh jeih tg ygur lgih e`d spgkh wntl ygur perh`ts prnvethcy
prnvethcy.. Thy hxpcen`hd tg
ygur perh`ts tlet ygu led e iefnjec fn e`d wntlgut prgphr tren`n`f ygu wgucd ohjgih e de`fhr tg hvhryg`h.
h vhryg`h.
4 N`spnrhd oy e Iefh
G`h dey ygu whrh trhethd tg e dhig`stretng` oy e trevhcn`f iefh wlg slgwhd ygu tlh wg`dhrs
g iefnj. Ehr tlh iefh„s
iefh„s dhig`stretng`, ygu trnhd tg jgpy tlhi e`d gu`d tlet ygu led
e fn. ^gur n`spnretng`
n`spnretng` tg study iefnj wes ecc ejjgrdn`f tg tlh pce`s g tlh iefh.
8 hrrnyn`f Iefnjec Dhvhcgpih`t
^gur iefnj dhvhcgphd n` tlh gri g e siecc iefnjec trent e`d hxpe`dhd rgi tlhrh. G`h dey
ygu phrgrihd e siecc iefnjec hflhjt
hflhj t wlnch pceyn`f e`d tlh hvh`t sjerhd tlh lhcc gut g ygu.
^gu led `g ndhe lgw nt lepph`hd gr wlet inflt lepph` n ygu trnhd tg dg nt efen`.
1 Mgygus Iefnjec Dhvhcgpih`t
^gur iefnj dhvhcgphd n` tlh gri g e siecc iefnjec trent e`d hxpe`dhd rgi tlhrh. G`h dey ygu ſtfurhd
gut lgw tg phrgri e siecc iefnjec hflhjt
h flhjt e`d ygu qunjkcy slgwhd nt gfl tg ygur eincy e`d rnh`ds.
6 Rrhss-fe`fhd oy e Iefh
E trevhcn`f iefh sew pgth`tnec n` ygu e`d dhjndhd nt wes tlhnr duty tg tekh ygu ewey
tg tren`. Thy iey levh n`tnindethd ygur eincy n`tg fnvn`f ygu gvhr, gr tlhy iey levh
dnrhjtcy stgch` ygu. Out n` tlh h`d, ygu whrh tekh` tg tren` efen`st ygur wncc.
< Oguflt oy e Iefh
E trevhcn`f iefh sew ygur pgth`tnec wlnch pessn`f tlrgufl ygur lgihtgw` e`d iedh
e` gflhr tg ygur perh`ts. ^gu
^gu iey `gt hvh`
h vh` k`gw lgw iujl ygu whrh wgrtl tg ygur
perh`ts, out e prnjh wes efrhhd upg` e`d ygu whrh tekh` ewey oy tlh iefh.
> Frudfh-ogr` Jursh
(Zuotrejt ? rgi ygur `hxt Cnhpetl rgcc)
^gur fn ohjeih epperh`t
epperh`t wlh` ygu jurshd sgihg`h n` ygur lgihtgw`. E frudfh ygu
lhcd efen`st tlns phrsg` frhw e`d hsthrhd must ohcgw tlh surejh u`tnc nt hvh`tueccy
h vh`tueccy ohjeih
pgwhruc h`gufl tg drew iefnj rgi tlh ohyg`d e`d grihd e thrrnoch jursh.
52 Jetestrgplh
(Zuotrejt : rgi ygur `hxt Cnhpetl rgcc)
^gu cher`hd ygu led iefnjec jepeoncnty et e ygu`f efh out khpt nt lnddh` e`d tr
trnhd
nhd tg study
g` ygur gw`. N`hvnteocy tlns oejkſtrhd. ^gu
^gu iey levh sht ſtrh tg ygur eincy lgih, jeushd e
﬏ggd, gr suiig`hd e de`fhrgus stgri. Hntlhr wey,
wey, hvhrytln`f jeih jresln`f dgw`.
 

?2

Lgw Dnd Rhgpch _hejt tg ^gur Iefnj7

Etth`de`jh ga
tlh Niphrnec
Iefnj Ejedhiy  ^gur eincy ohjeih
Agr tlh purpgshs g tlns
Cnhpetl, etth`de`jh
tg Fwhnsg` Leuc ns tlh
seih es etth`de`jh
tg tlh Niphrnec Iefnj
Ejedhiy.
Aer Argi Lgih
Th fundhcn`hs g wlet
sjlggc ygur jlerejthr
etth`dhd erh must tlet,
fundhcn`hs. E iefh ogr`
n` @ncfeerd iey levh
ohh` spnrnthd ewey tg
Erhtuze gr Oe` Erd wlh`
tlhnr tech`t wes dnsjgv-
hrhd e`d nt„s hqueccy cnkhcy
tlet e iefnjeccy fnhd
 
jlncd n` tlh @grtlhr`
_hecis iey levh ohh`
rgu`dhd up e`d sh`t
tg Fwhnsg` Leuc wlh`
tlhnr vnccefh wes rendhd
durn`f g`h g tlh @grtl-
hr` Vers. Cgrh-wnsh, tlh
g`cy lerd fundhcn`h ns tlh
strnjtcy fh`dhrhd `eturh
g iefhs n` tlh @grtl-
hr` _hecis. Tet ohn`f
send, n ygu we`t tg orhek
_gcc Th @grtl
5 ^gur eincy jest ygu gut.
? ^gur eincy ohjeih
thrrnocy sjerhd g ygu.
^gur eincy trnhd tg
: shcc ygu tg e eincy
g lnfl ste`dn`f.
^gur eincy niihdnethcy
4 sh`t ygu tg Erhtuze
gr Oe` Erd.
^gur eincy trnhd tg
8
nf`grh ygur fn.
^gur eincy e`d rnh`ds
1
jhchorethd ygur tech`t.
Dnd
Vlet Zjlggc Dnd ^gu
^gu Etth`d7
Etth`d7
Th @grtl
Zkhccnfh
@ncfeerd Fwhnsg` Leuc gr tlh
Niphrnec Iefnj Ejedhiy  Niphrnec Iefnj Ejedhiy
Th Hcdhrce`ds
Th Hcdhrce`ds
thrrnocy sjerhd g ygu.
^gur eincy trnhd tg
nf`grh ygur fn.
^gur eincy sh`t ygu
tg tren` niihdnethcy.
^gur snocn`fs e`d rnh`ds
ohjeih lgrrnocy mhecgus.
^gur eincy puslhd ygu
tg ohjgih e frhet
f rhet iefh.
^gur eincy e`d rnh`ds
jhchorethd ygur tech`t.
Ahiech
Erhtuze
Erhtuze
In`gr Ejedhine
In`gr Ejedhine
@ncfeerd
^gur eincy jest ygu gut.
^gur eincy sh`t ygu
tg tlh jlurjl.
^gur eincy niihdnethcy
sh`t ygu tg Fwhnsg` Leuc.
^gur eincy puslhd
ygu tg study iefnj
e`d fht n`tg pgcntnjs.
^gur eincy trnhd tg ush
ygur pgwhr gr tlhishcvhs.
^gur eincy e`d rnh`ds
jhchorethd ygur tech`t.
Iech
Oe` Erd
Oe` Erd
Fwhnsg` Leuc gr tlh
In`gr Ejedhine

tlet
Thrh–ruch’ ygu„rh
jgucd oh rhh tg.
sphjnec
sntuetng`s tlet chd tg e
iech iefh ohn`f tren`hd
n` Erhtuze gr e hiech
iefh ohn`f tren`hd n`
Oe` Erd. Tns ns tlh jesh
gr Org`wy` Dhedhyh
(shh pf. 588) wlg wes es-
snf`hd iech et onrtl e`d
etth`dhd tlh Oe` Erd
Ejedhiy e`d tlh` tre`-
sntng`hd ehrwerds usn`f
iefnj e`d ecjlhiy.
In`gr Ejedhine
jlncdrh` epprh`rhprhsh`ts
tnjhs. Gh`tlh
es epprh`tnjhs. ie`y
tnihs, u`e﬊cnethd
tlhsh ih`tgrs iefhs
erh `gtejrgss tlhrhjgf`nzhd
g﬊jneccy Jg`tn`h`t oy
wlgtlhtekh fnhd
Jg`jcevh
g Iefhs. Fh`hreccy, n` tlh Hcdhrce`ds, Hcdhrgck dg `gt etth`d e` g﬊jnec sjlggc e`d n`sthed
tren` wntl hcdhr iefhs n` tlhnr gw` sgjnhty. @g ietthr
ietthr wlhrh ygu jgih rgi
 rgi ygu je` jlggsh tg
levh led ygur tren`n`f n` In`gr Ejedhine.
Erhtuze Oe` Erd Fwhnsg` Leuc In`gr Ejedhine
Vhccsprn`f  Jg`trgcchd gchre`jh Qhrsetnch Jesthr
Oy sph`dn`f 52 hxtre Jgccethrec Vlh` jgin`f Oy sph`dn`f 52
Z
ZEE g` ygur tur`, Vlh` ygu suflhr n` jg`tejt wntl hxtre ZE wlh` ygu
ygu je` rensh ygur e Iefnjec Auioch dnihrntnui, ygu je` jest e sphcc, ygu je`
Qnfgr Trhslgcd oy ygu je` sejrnſtjh 52 sph`d 52 ZE tg fnvh hntlhr edd +4i g
? gr tlh duretng` ZE tg cgwhr tlh ygurshc e +: tg ygur re`fh tg e sphcc, +?
g tlet tur`. Tns eigu`t uiochd oy H`dure`jh jlhjk tg _gu`ds g duretng`

n`jrhesh dghs
wntl Agjus stejk
Nthis. 8 (in`niui 5). rhsnst tlh hflhjts. tg e @g`-Ejtnvh.
 
?5

Cnah n` Ejedhine
@g ietthr wlet sjlggc ygu etth`dhd, hvhry iefh fghs
tlrgufl rguflcy ?2 yhers g iefnjec tren`n`f. Durn`f tlns
tnih, tlhy cher` lgw tg jg`trgc tlhnr fn, study tlh sjnh`jh g
iefnj, e`d eincnernzh tlhishcvhs wntl tlh prgjhss g wnhcd-
n`f Jlegs. Agr ie`y iefhs, tlhsh grietnvh yhers erh ucc
g hxjntn`f n`jndh`ts e`d –jlerejthr-ouncdn`f’
jlerejthr-ouncdn`f’ igih`ts. Agr
hejl g tlh twg dhjedhs, ygu iust rgcc 5d52 g` tlh jgcui`
g tlh teoch tlet jgrrhspg`ds tg ygur Zjlggc.

_gcc Erhtuze Oe` Erd Fwhnsg` Leuc In`gr Ejedhine

Zphcc Oejkſtrhd Zphcc Oejkſtrhd Zphcc Oejkſtrhd Zphcc Oejkſtrhd

E sphcc ygu jest oejkſtrhd E sphcc ygu jest oejkſtrhd E sphcc ygu jest oejkſtrhd E sphcc ygu jest oejkſtrhd
5
lgrrnocy. ^gu cgwhr ygur lgrrnocy. ^gu cgwhr ygur lgrrnocy. ^gu cgwhr ygur lgrrnocy. ^gu cgwhr ygur
Qnfgr Trhslgcd oy 5. Qnfgr Trhslgcd oy 5. Qnfgr Trhslgcd oy 5. Qnfgr Trhslgcd oy 5.

Dhvhcgphd e Og`d wntl

E`gtlhr Ztudh`t
^gu e`d e`gtlhr studh`t
sph`t tnih tgfhtlhr
? tg u`wn`d. ^gu fen` e
Iefh Eccy.
Eccy. _gcc g` tlh jeuflt. ^gu whrh iedh e`
Eccy teoch g` pf. :2 tg
shh lgw jcgsh ygu erh
e`d wlet tlhnr vecuh ns.
Jeuflt Ziuffcn`f  ^gu orgkh g`h g tlh
^gu siuffchd tgihs gut
g tlh sjlggc e`d whrh
epprh`tnjh (shh pf. ?:).
?:).
Deoochd n` Derk Iefnj
_uch-Orhekhr
^gu levh deoochd n`
Derk Iefnj e`d
ie`y ruchs g Fwhnsg`
Leuc out whrh jeuflt u`cheslhd
tlh wgrcd.e ^gu
dhig`
oherg`
n` tlh prgjhss.
tlh dhig`„s cujnufh
^gu whrh iedh e`
e`d tlhy ecweys k`gw
epprh`tnjh (shh pf. ?:).
wlhrh ygu erh.

Fgt e _nvec Hxphcchd 

Lhcphd Dhvhcgp Vntjlhr erfht
^gu fgt e rnvec g ygurs
Ztgch e Zphcc Zjrgcc Vhepg`s g Ver ^gur u`suphrvnshd ush
hxphcchd rgi Erhtuze.
Ztert wntl e mgur`hyie` gr tlh Hipnrh g iefnj jeushd h`gufl
^gu fen` e Iefh H`hiy.
: sphcc sjrgcc. Vgrk wntl Ztert wntl 5 ogio deiefh tlet e Jet sjlggc
_gcc g` tlh Frudfhs
tlh FI tg dhthrin`h griuce. Vgrk wntl wntjlhr wes lnrhd tg
teoch g` pf. ?< tg shh
wlnjl sphcc. tlh FI tg dhthrin`h kncc ygu. Tns wntjlhr ns
lgw nt„s hsjecethd e`d
wlnjl ogio. stncc cggkn`f gr ygu.
wlet tlhnr pgwhr ns.

Lhcphd wntl
Cew Orn`fhr Epgtlhjery 
X`se`jtng`hd _hsherjl
hejlhr„s Rht ^gu lhcphd tlh Rert g ygur cher`n`f
_gcc g`jh g` tlh
^gu fgt prhhrh`tnec eutlgrntnhs wntl e n`vgcvhd ohn`f eoch
K`gwchdfh teoch g` pf.
4 trhetih`t rgi e thejlhr. iefnj rhcethd jrnih. tg dnef`gsh e`d jurh
:5. N
:5. N k`gwchdfh g tlns
Ztert wntl e` hxtre Fen` e +? _hputetng` encih`ts gr tlh phgpch
rhsherjl jgihs gut, ygu
k`gw` @gvnjh sphcc. wntl @ncfeerdne` g ygur jgiiu`nty.
wncc oh n` iemgr trguoch
eutlgrntnhs. Fen` e +? tg Anrst End.
wntl Oe` Erd Ecui`n.

Niprhsshd e Agrhnf` Hxpcgrhd tlh Jetejgios

Lu`thd e Ig`sthr
Dnf`ntery  ^gu gu`d e sjrgcc n` tlh Ogte`nst
^gu wh`t gut tg lu`t
8 ^gu stert wntl
_hputetng` +?
et tlh e ig`sthr n` tlh dh`sh jetejgios
Fen` g tlh sjlggc.
5 mgur`hyie` sphcc ^gu th`dhd
sjlggc„s ferdh`.tgFen`
ygur+?
grhsts g Kehdwh`.
jgurt g g`h kn`fdgi sjrgcc. Vgrk wntl tlh FI tg Vncdhr`hss Zurvnvec.
Fen` +5 tg Ig`sthr Cgrh.
g ygur jlgnjh. tg dhthrin`h wlnjl sphcc.
 

??

_gcc Erhtuze Oe` Erd Fwhnsg` Leuc In`gr Ejedhine

Jh`sgrslnp Lhcphd Cgjecs wntl

Insjest
Ztgch _ntuec Jgipg`h`ts ^gu whrh eskhd tg ſt`d Qerngus Nssuhs
^gu ejjndh`teccy jest
^gu squnrrhchd ewey tn`y  e`d hresh ecc trejhs ^gu levh ushd ygur iefnj
iefnj g` e sjlggc
onts g rerh rntuec g e oe``hd wgrk. Nts tg end e rhfng` n` `hhd.
1 ihiohr gr ejucty
jgipg`h`ts. e`d run`hd tlhnr dey.
dey. eutlgr ns `gw gut gr ^gur Zgjnec Zte`dn`f
Ztert wntl e` hxtre 522 rhvh`fh. _gcc g` tlh ns Hquec n` tlns erhe.
_gcc g` tlh Frudfhs
jrgw`s g jgipg`h`ts. Frudfhs teoch g`
teoch g` pf. ?< Vgrk wntl tlh FI tg
teoch g` pf. ?<.
tg dhthrin`h wlg nt ns. dhthrin`h wlhrh tlns ns.

Ihrjh`ery Vgrk  Jurshd

Lhcphd lu`t dgw`
Agu`d Ocejkienc ^gu guflt gr e in`gr ^gu whrh jurshd,
j urshd, hntlhr oy
e _h`hfedh Iefh
Iethrnec g` e hejlhr `goch n` e ce`d dnsputh. ygur gw` le`d gr tlh nrh
^gu lhcphd tlh Iefh
^gu je` ush tlns ^gu khpt pert g ygur g e`gtlhr et ygur sjlggc.
6 Lu`thrs orn`f n` e rgfuh
n`grietng` tg grjh e pey,, ehr tlh sjlggc
pey Vgrk wntl tlh FI tg
iefh. Fen` +5 n` e`y
sn`fch evgr gut g tlhi tggk nts jut g jgursh. pnjk e` epprgprneth
epprgprneth jursh
jgioet skncc gr stert e
et tlh FI„s dnsjrhtng`. Fen` 5d1 x 522 rgi tlh g`hs cnsthd g`
`hw jgioet skncc et +?.
jrgw`s. pf. ?:2 g tlh Jgrh oggk.

Jurshd Lerogrhd e
^gu whrh jurshd,
j urshd, hntlhr oy _h`hfedh Iefh Dhh`dhd e Qnccefh
Agu`d Jcuhs g` tlh
ygur gw` le`d gr tlh nrh ^gu lhcphd slhcthr e rgi e Ig`sthr
Cgjetng` g e _hcnj 
g e`gtlhr et ygur sjlggc. rgfuh iefh. ^gu fen` e ^gu ushd ygur iefnj tg
< Jg`suct wntl tlh FI tg
Vgrk wntl tlh FI tg Iefh Eccy.
Eccy. _gcc g` tlh rhphc e ig`sthr ettejk
dhthrin`h wlnjl _hcnj
pnjk e` epprgprneth
epprgprneth jursh Eccy teoch g`
teoch g` pf. :2 tg rgi e vnccefh.
e`d wlet ygu k`gw.
rgi tlh g`hs cnsthd g` shh lgw jcgsh ygu erh Fen` +5 tg Ig`sthr Cgrh.
pf. ?:2 g tlh Jgrh Oggk. e`d wlet tlhnr vecuh ns.

^gu Vhrh Zh`t

Z h`t
n`tg tlh Vgrcd Jlurjl Cnensg`
Zhjrht Zgjnhty N`ntnetng`
^gu whrh cheslhd tg e ^gu whrh sh`t tg lhcp Hxtrejurrnjucer Cher`n`f 
^gu whrh n`dujthd n`tg
iefh cnvn`f gutsndh g tlh Jlurjl g tlh Frhet ^gu studnhd u`dhr ie`y
> Erhtuze. _gcc e rhfucer e shjrht sgjnhty wntln` Zu` wntl iefnjec ietthrs. ih`tgrs, cher`n`f es
tlh sjlggc. Fen` +?
cnh hvh`t rgi tlh teoch ^gu fen` e +5 tg iujl es ygu jgucd. Ztert
_hputetng` wntl tlh gtlhr
g` pf. :5 g tlh Jgrh Jlernsie, e`d wntl e` hxtre @gvnjh sphcc.
ecui`n g Oe` Erd.
Oggk. ^gu whrh iedh e` Zgjnec Htnquhtth.
epprh`tnjh (shh pf. ?:).

Jurshd
Ohtthr Rert g Qecgr
^gu whrh jurshd,
j urshd, hntlhr oy
^gu whrh tren`hd n` tlh Jreahd ygur Gw` Agjus
ygur gw` le`d gr tlh nrh re`scethd e gih
oesns g spy wgrk. ^gu ^gu ounct ygur ſtrst
g e`gtlhr et ygur sjlggc. ^gu lhcphd tre`sceth e`
52 fen` e +5 tg Dnsfunsh e`d gjus nthi. ^gu fen` e`
Vgrk wntl tlh FI tg gcd hcvh` tgih. ^gu fen`
je` etthipt tg dnsfunsh Eiucht wlnjl jgu`ts es
pnjk e` epprgprneth
epprgprneth jursh +? tg Hcdhr Zphhjl.
ygurshc wntlgut e e Agjus (?) nthi gr ygu.
rgi tlh g`hs cnsthd g`
pf. ?:2 g tlh Jgrh Oggk. dnsfunsh knt et `g ph`ecty.
ph`ecty.
 

?:

 Vhrh
 Vhrh ^gu
^gu e` Epprh`tnjh
Epprh`tnjh77
Chesln`f 
Eig`f iefhs, tlh prejtnjh g tekn`f e` epprh`tnjh ns jgiig`, tlgufl nts prhvech`jh vernhs oeshd
g` tlh sjlggc g iefnj. ^gu`f
^gu`f iefhs erh iedh epprh`tnjhs g igrh hxphrnh`jhd iefhs, eccgwn`f Ihjle`njeccy, chesln`f e
tlh hcdhr iefh tg fundh tlhnr pupnc. N` sgih jeshs, tlns fghs sg er es tg –Chesl’ tlh pupnc tg tlhnr iefh tg e ih`tgr on`ds
iesthr, on`dn`f tlh twg iefhs„ iefnj tgfhtlhr sg tlh pupnc je` ohtthr cher`. N` tlhgry, tlns rhce- tlh twg iefhs„ iefnj

tng`slnp eccgws e` n`hxphrnh`jhd gr rhjkchss iefh tg cher` jg`trgc e`d skncc et tlh sndh g tlhnr tgfhtlhr.
52i g hejl Vlh`
gtlhr,wntln`
ogtl
ih`tgr sg tlhy wncc oh ohtthr prhperhd tg gphreth n`dhph`dh`tcy. N` prejtnjh, rhjkchss iefhs erh
iefhs je` ush e`y sphcc,
gh` iedh epprh`tnjhs tg hcdhr iefhs tg khhp e` hyh g` tlhi u`tnc tlhy cher` tg ejt wntl rhsphjt rntuec, gr lhx jgcchjtnvh-
e`d gccgw tlh ruchs. cy k`gw`. Eddntng`eccy,
tlh ih`tgr je`, wntlgut
_gcc Erhtuze Oe` Erd Fwhnsg` Leuc In`gr Ejedhine sph`dn`f e` ejtng`, cnint
tlh eigu`t g stein`e
5 @g @g @g ^hs tlhnr epprh`tnjh je` ush
tg jest iefnj phr tur`,
? @g @g @g ^hs shttn`f e jep tlet tlh ep-
: @g @g ^hs ^hs prh`tnjh je``gt surpess.
An`eccy, n tlh epprh`tnjh
4 ^hs @g ^hs ^hs uiochs e Zphcc Jestn`f,
_ntuec Jren`f, gr Lhx
8 ^hs ^hs ^hs ^hs Vhevn`f rgcc, tlh ih`tgr
1 ^hs ^hs ^hs ^hs je` jlggsh tg tekh lec g
tlh deiefh tlh epprh`-
tnjh wgucd suflhr rgi
 Vlet Ves
Ves ^gur
^gur Ih`tgr
Ih`tgr Cnkh7
Cnkh7 tlh uioch. G`jh twg
iefhs erh cheslhd, g`cy
_gcc Rhrsg`ecnty Qecuh Jcgtln`f Ztych Letrhd tlh ih`tgr je` orhek
tlns og`d. Gtlhrwnsh,
5 Zhjrhtnvh Ig`hy Xtncnterne` Errgfe`jh tlh twg iefhs rhien`
ogu`d tgfhtlhr u`tnc g`h
? _hohccngus Lg`gr Gsth`tetngus Rgcntnjs
g tlhi dnhs.
: Qngch`t Thnr Vgrd Zhvhrh Gtlhr _ejhs
4 Ndhecnstnj Lhdg`nstnj Rursunts Incnternstnj Iu`de`h Rhgpch
8 Jg`thipcetnvh K`gwchdfh redntng`ec Qngch`jh
1 Zthr` Qh`fhe`jh Jgigrteoch Dnsrhsphjt
6 Dhjhptnvh Rgwhr _effhd ^gu`f Rhgpch
< Arnh`dcy Cgvh X`usuec Edvhrsnty  
> Errgfe`t Zur vnvec Jlerin`f Jrnin`ecs
52 @hrvgus Arnh`dslnp Agrhnf` Dnsgrfe`nzetng`

" NN  lev h led   t  t lh lg`gr  g a  ohn` f  tlh tlh ih`t gr  g  e a hw  yg

 g a  e a   ie f hs n` i y c
ygu` f  ie  ahtni
 y cnn ahtn ih e`d  
lev h e
N   le cwee y
 ecw agu`d  t lh hx ph
 yss  agu  phr nh`jh tg o tg ohh e  pc pchese`t  g`h. T  Teet' s `gt t g se y N   y N  lev h`'t  
hd  t g i  phr  t lhnr   d 
 ihh t g t hi ph  ptnv 
d nsr u ptn v h t h`d h`-
l
jnehd s.  i
i y
 O y a 
 Ouu a 
t eN  nr 
l eslv he`r h't  g a t hr 
 i rt g  eu ostud 
chi
tu d he`kt h yh
 yr sh t che
ch tle
eselt  N  jg
tl  jgucd `' t   t hejl." 
t t 
 y``ns v er   r 
∟Fc y` rh  ler `h

?4
Mgur`hyie`
Iefhs
Nt„s `gt u`jgiig` gr
iefhs n` tlh @grtl tg
iekh
wgrcd estlhnr wey n` tlh
e` n`dhph`dh`t
 mgur`hyie`.
 mgur`hyi e`. Thsh ie-
fnjne`s, k`gw` es Dwni-
 vhe`dre n hiech,
hiech, rgei
tlh Jg`tn`h`t, tekn`f
gdd mgos e`d studyn`f
u`dhr gtlhr iefhs tlhy
h`jgu`thr u`tnc tlhy levh
fetlhrhd h`gufl k`gwc-
hdfh e`d skncc tg rhtur` tg
tlhnr ejedhiy e`d eppcy
tg ohjgih e Iesthr gr
Instrhss. N` hercnhr deys,
tlh Jlepthr hvh` prgvnd-
hd e sphjnec sjlgcerslnp
u`d tg pey gr tlhsh stu-
dh`ts„ trevhcs.
Cnah n` @ncafeerd
Vlnch iefhs n` @nc-
feerd erh igrh jg`-
trgcchd tle` tlhy erh n`
tlh @grtl e jchvhr iefh
je` stncc cher` tg suotcy
ie`npuceth tln`fs tg fht
tlhishcvhs wlhrh tlhy
we`t tg oh. Thy jgucd
 vgcu`t
 vgcu`thhr
hhr tg
tg ph
phrg
rgri
ri sp
sph-
h-
jnſtj hxphrnih`ts gr tlh
ohtthrih`t g tlh Hipnrh
gr wgrk jcgshcy wntl tlh
ernstgjrejy tg fht e ggt-
lgcd n` pgcntnjs.
 Vlet Ves
Ves ^gur
^gur Ih`tgr„
Ih`tgr„ss hejln`f
hejln`f Ztych7
_gcc Ztych
5 Le`ds G`
? Retnh`t
: Dhig`stretn`f
4 @hfchjtuc
8 Gvhrohern`f
1 Ie`npucetnvh
 Vlett Ves
 Vle Ves ^gu
gurr Igs
Igstt Ihi
Ihigr
greo
eoch
ch Ig
Igih
ih`t
`t wntl ^gu
gurr Ih`
Ih`tg
tgr7
r7
_gcc Igih`t
5 ^gu slerhd e tgujln`f igih`t
? Thy ushd ygu tg ejlnhvh e fgec
: Thy eoushd ygu n` sgih wey 
4 Thy rnskhd tlhnr cnh tg lhcp ygu
8 Thy ohtreyhd ygur trust
1 Thy tggk ygu tg ihht ygur eincy 
6 Thy trnhd tg dntjl ygu
< Thy lhcphd ygu rhjgvhr rgi sgihtln`f
> Thy kncchd gr lurt sgihg`h jcgsh tg ygu
52 Thy sevhd ygur cnh
Lgw Dnd ^gu H`d Tn`fs wntl ^gur Ih`tgr7
_gcc H`dn`f  
5 Thy whrh iurdhrhd
? ^gu pgnsg`hd tlhi
: ^gu erh tg ierry
ierr y tlhnr jlncd
4 ^gu erh stncc wntl ygur ih`tgr, out es cgvhrs `gw 
8 ^gu perthd weys ehr e pertnjucercy n`th`sh erfuih`t
1 ^gu pesshd ecc g tlhnr thsts
6 Thy dnsjerdhd ygu ehr ygu enchd tlhi yht efen`
< ^gu ohjeih rnh`ds e`d stncc khhp n` tgujl
> ^gu kncchd tlhi
tlh i n` shc-dhh`sh
52 ^gu wetjlhd n` lgrrgr es tlhy cgst jg`trgc g tlhnr iefnj e`d gocnthrethd tlhishcvhs
 
?8

Th Cnah ga e Iefh Cnahpetl

Hxeipch
Agr hxeipch, e ygu`f
sgrjhrhr les must fredu-
ethd rgitlhnr
n`nslhd Oe` Erd e`d
epprh`-
tnjhslnp. Et tlh stert g
tlhnr Cnhpetl tlhy erh
?:. Argi tlh yhers g ?:
tg ::, tlhy dhjndh tlet
tlhy sph`t tlhnr tnih pgc-
ntnjkn`f, sg tlhy rgcc phr-
jh`tnchs g` tlh De`fhr
retn`f gr Rgcntnjkn`f.
Thy rgcc e :1 wlnjl ns
whcc wntln` tlh 82% de`-
fhr retn`f g Rgcntnjkn`f.
Zg ohgrh rgccn`f tg shh
n sgihtln`f wh`t tlhnr
wey, tlhy fg tg tlh De`-
G`jh gut g sjlggcn`f e`d `g cg`fhr cheslhd tg e`gtlhr iefh, nt ns cerfhcy up tg hejl iefh tg fhr teoch g` pf. ?1 e`d
iekh tlhnr wey n` tlh wgrcd. Dhph`dn`f g` wlhrh tlh iefh gphrgphreths
eths tlns iey tekh ie`y dnflhrh`t rgcc 5d52 g` tlh Rgcntnjk-
n`f jgcui`. Thnr rhsuct
gris. E iefh iey jlggsh tg fht n`tg pgcntnjs e`d etthipt tg ohjgih e` edvnsgr tg e pgwhruc
ns > ihe`n`f sgihtln`f
`goch. Thy iey pgur tlhnr gjus n`tg hxphrnih`tetng`, htlnjec gr gtlhrwnsh, tg try e`d dnsjgvhr tlhy dnd `htthd tlhi e
`hw tlhgrnhs e`d prejtnjhs gr niprgvh gcd g`hs. Gr tlhy iey jlggsh tg jg`tn`uh tlhnr iefnjec rnvec. Ehr rgccn`f g` tlh
study,, etthiptn`f tg hrrht gut tlh e`swhrs tg cg`f lhcd quhstng`s g Jlegs. @g ietthr wlet petl
study jgrrhspg`dn`f Frudfhs
e iefh jlggshs tg pursuh tlhnr prghssng` h`surhs tlet tlhrh wncc ecweys oh e sledgw g de`fhr, teoch tg ﬏hsl gut tlhnr
hvh` n tlhy jlggsh tg cnvh e jeutngus cnh. rnvec, tlhy rgcc 5d52 g`
tlh Hvh`ts jgcui` gr
Xpg` freduetn`f ygur iefnjec tren`n`f, ygu erh sgihwlhrh ohtwhh` ?2 e`d ?>. @hxt ygu„cc Rgcntnjkn`f. Thy fht e
levh tg jlggsh lgw gcd ygu erh wlh` ygur feih ohfn`s. Jurrh`tcy, tlh gcdhst rhjgrdhd iefh ns ? ihe`n`f tlhy fgt e
Fhrlert g Ehcch wlg wes sgihwlhrh ergu`d 4>5 wlh` lh dnhd g jgrg`ery encurh et tlh Te`hdd oh`hſtt. Fgn`f dgw` tg
Jgup n` 5?16. Iefhs erh fh`hreccy `gt jg`sndhrhd –educts
–educts’’ oy gtlhr iefhs u`tnc tlhy levh shvhrec tlh oh`hſtts teoch g` pf.
dhjedhs u`dhr tlhnr ohct
o hct e`d hvh` iefhs n` tlhnr <2s e`d >2s erh jg`sndhrhd –ygu`f.’ ?>, tlhy rgcc e 6 g` 5d52
ihe`n`f tlhy gu`d e
G`jh ygu„vh dhjndhd lgw gcd ygu erh, cggk et tlh gccgwn`f teoch. Agr hejl dhjedh ehr ygur pgrtec. Nt jgucd oh tlet
?2„s
?2„s dhjndh lgw ygu jlgsh tg sph`d tlh iemgrnty g tlet dhjedh. Anrst, rgcc g` tlh De`fhr rgw e`d tlhy wh`t g` e` hxph-
jg`suct tlh epprgprneth jgcui`. N ygu rgcchd tlh `uiohr prhsh`thd gr cgwhr, sgihtln`f wh`t dntng` tg ſt`d tlns pgr-
wrg`f. Niihdnethcy fg tg tlh De`fhr eoch g` Rf. ?1 e`d rgcc g` tlh epprgprneth
epprgprneth jgcui` tg dhthr- tec e`d ohet gut e`gtl-
in`h wlet lepph`hd. _hferdchss g wlhtlhr
wlht lhr ygu levh tg rgcc gr e De`fhr, tlh` rgcc g` tlh Hvh`ts hr iefh, fen`n`f sgih
shjtng` g tlh ſtrst teoch tg shh wlet wh`t rnflt tlh` rgcc g` tlh jgrrhspg`dn`f Hvh`t teoch. Agccgw k`gwchdfh gr eih tlet
iedh tlh gtlhr iefh
tlns prgjhss g`jh gr hejl dhjedh ehr ?2.
dhhpcy mhecgus. Hntlhr
wey, tlns suis up tlh
nih Jeutngus Rgcntnjkn`f Hxphrnih`tetng` Iefnjec Z
Zttudy   iemgr hvh`ts g tlhnr ?2s
e`d `gw nt„s tnih tg iekh
De`fhr ?2% 82% 62% 82% tlhnr jlgnjh gr tlh yhers
Hvh`ts 5 Oh`hſtt 5- ? Oh`hſtt 5- : Oh`hſtt 5- 8 Oh`hſtt :: tg 4:.

? Eccy :- 6 Eccy 4 Eccy 1- 6 Eccy  

: K`gwchdfh < K`gwchdfh 8- 52 K`gwchdfh < K`gwchdfh
4-52 @gtln`f >-52 @gtln`f \ @gtln`f >- 52 @gtln`f

?1
De`fhr
_gcc Jeutngus Rgcntnjkn`f
Frudfh
Zgihg`h lurt
ygur hhcn`fs, gr
Dhot ygur nf`gre`jh, ygu drhw
ygu lurt tlhnrs.
5 ^gu hcc 5d52 x 522
@hvhrtlhchss, g`h g ygu
Jrgw`s n` dhot.
ns lgcdn`f e frudfh rgi
tlh jg`shquh`jhs. Cgwhr
tlns hvh`t. _gcc g` tlh
Frudfhs teoch g` pf.
g` pf. ?<.
Aecsh Ejjusetng`
nt wes ygur gw` dgn`f, gr
^gu whrh ecshcy ejjushd
Eddnjtng`
g sgihtln`f. _gcc 5d52.
^gu dhvhcgphd e` 5-?= Th, := rhesg`, 4=
eddnjtng` tg sgihtln`f.
? Jgwerdnjh, 8= _eph, 1=
^gu je` pnjk ygur
Iurdhr, 6= Areud, <=
pgnsg`. Zhh Jgrh
Agronddh` Iefnj, >= ex
Oggk (pf. :?).
Hvesng`, 52= X`htlnjec
Rrejtnjhs.
cujnufh e`d tlhy ecweys
Ohtreyhd
Ahcc Ncc
^gu whrh ohtreyhd oy e
^gu hcc ncc rgi e
rnh`d gr ejquen`te`jh.
westn`f dnshesh. ^gu
Jlggsh e rnh`d e`d
hvh`tueccy rhjgvhrhd,
: out nt ch ohln`d sgih iekh tlhi e` h`hiy. de`fhrgus tg tlh phgpch
N ygu dg`„t jurrh`tcy
cestn`f etnfuh. ^gu
levh e`y rnh`ds iekh e kn`fdgi ygu erh we`thd
cgwhr ygur
`hw g`h e`d tlh` ierk
ZE oy ?.
tlhi es e` h`hiy.
E`fhrhd Jnty Agck  Arnh`d gr Cgvhr Kncchd
Nt inflt oh sgihtln`f E rnh`d gr cgvhr wes
ygu dnd (gr sgihtln`f kncchd n` e` ejjndh`t
ygu dnd`„t dg), out gr phrleps duh tg e
ygu levh rnchd up tlh sjlhih. Rnjk e rnh`d
4 rhefh`ts e`d suflhrhd
jntnzh`s g e iemgr jnty.
jnty. gr cgvhr. N ygu dg`„t
jg`shquh`jhs. ^gu tekh e
N ygu rhtur` tg tlet jurrh`tcy levh e rnh`d
jnty,, tlh jntnzh`s wncc
jnty gr cgvhr, iekh e `hw
niihdnethcy shh ygu g`h e`d tlh` dhthrin`h
es e tlrhet gr e terfht. lgw tlhy dnhd.
Hxphrnih`tetng` Iefnjec Ztudy  
Iefnjec Ocgjk 
N` ygur studnhs ygu `hfchjthd
Gvhrdrew  g`h g tlh hchih`ts n` evgr
N` ygur errgfe`jh gr g gtlhrs. Rnjk g`h hchih`t;
hertl, enr
enr,, ſtrh, gr wethr. Vlh`
tgg iujl pgwhr n`tg jestn`f sphccs g tlns hchih`t,
ygur ogdy e`d suflhrhd ygu tekh e juiucetnvh-? tg
tlh Zphcc Jestn`f jlhjk. Hejl
ygur Lnt Rgn`ts oy ?. tnih ygu fht tlns De`fhr
ygu iust hntlhr jlggsh tlh
seih hchih`t gr e `hw g`h.
Ig`sthr H`jgu`thr
Dhig`nj H`jgu`thr
^gu led e `her dhetl
Et sgih pgn`t, wlhtlhr
hxphrnh`jh wlnch studyn`f e
ig`sthr.. Jlggsh e ig`sthr
ig`sthr
tlh wgrkn`fs g e hccgw
rgi tlh Vntjlhr _RF.
studh`t, ygu jeih n` ^gu `gw levh e plgone
jg`tejt wntl e dhig`.
g tlns jrheturh e`d tekh
^gu iey levh ﬏hd gr
e -? tg Jgurefh jlhjks
phrleps ygu guflt gr
efen`st nt. Eddntng`eccy,
ygur cnh out hntlhr wey,
ygu iust iekh e Jgurefh
ygu oher tlh dhig`„s
jlhjk et DJ=58 wlh` ſtrst
h`jgu`thrn`f e`y n`ste`jh g
k`gw wlhrh ygu erh.
tlns jrheturh gr oh Zteffhrhd.
Gvhrdrhw rgi e Rcejh
g Rgwhr
Dhhihd De`fhrgus
^gu gu`d e Rcejh g Rgwhr,
Zgihtln`f ygu
out n` ygur n`hxphrnh`jh
dnd ceohchd ygu es
gvhrdrhw rgi nt e`d wes
phrie`h`tcy sjerrhd n` tlh
g e kn`fdgi. N` tlns
prgjhss. Hvhry Rcejh g Rgwhr
ygu drew rgi rhqunrhs e`
oy tlh eutlgrntnhs.
H`dure`jh sevh es n ygu whrh
drewn`f rgi nt e shjg`d tnih.
Lu`thd oy e Fgchi
N` ygur studnhs ygu ie`efhd
Ecjlhinjec N`jndh`t
tg sthp g` tlh tghs g e
^gu inxhd tlh wrg`f
pgwhruc iefh wlg sh`t
e fgchi ehr ygu. Nt `gw
shhks ygu gut ejrgss tlh
-? ph`ecty tg ZE.
Jg`tn`h`t. N nt ſt`ds ygu
nt wncc try tg dhstrgy ygu.
 

?6

_gcc Jeutngus Rgcntnjkn`f Hxphrnih`tetng` Iefnjec Ztudy  

Ejjndh`t
Cgud hchpetly 
_gcc 5d52. 5-4= ^gu
^gu cher` tlh hchpetly
whrh dnsſtfurhd. Jeuflt _hd Le`dhd
Zphcc. ^gu trnhd tg niprgvh
Jle`fh ygur sgjnec ^gu whrh jeuflt Cestn`f Zjers
ste`dn`f tg Aherhd, etthiptn`f
etthip tn`f tg G`h g ygur upg`out
sphcc, tlhtlh
oesnj thchpetly
rhsuct wes `gt
8-1= ^gu whrh ie`npuceth gtlhrs n`tg
ie`npuceth hxphrnih`ts oejknrhd
wlet ygu hxphjthd. Vlh`
ohdrnddh` gr 5d52 dgn`f ygur dnrty wgrk. lgrrh`dguscy,
8 ygu spy thchpetlnjeccy g` e
ig`tls, 6-<= ^gu _gcc g` tlh Frudfhs dhgrin`f ygur ejh.
terfht, ygu je``gt lhcp out
cgst 5d52 ig`tls g teoch g`
teoch g` pf. ?< gr e` Jle`fh ygur sgjnec
hint e cgw iuioch n` tlhnr
ihigry rgi rgi tlet yher, h`hiy. Tns h`hiy ste`dn`f tg Aherhd.
in`d tlet iey echrt tlhi.
>-52= ^gu suflhr rgi iust levh e Rgwhr
E`yg`h ygu spy upg` je`
lgrrnoch `nfltierhs oeshd n` In`ng`s.
rgcc e` Ewerh`hss jlhjk et
(6 n` 52 jle`jh hejl
e DJ= 58 tg sh`sh ygu.
tnih ygu schhp).

Iefnjec Ecchrfy 
Rgcyigrplhd
^gu levh dhvhcgphd
Zgjnec Aeux Res ^gu sph`t tlh dhjedh
Niprnsg`ih`t ^gu iedh e thrrnoch e` ecchrfy tg
Vlh`hvhr yguiefnj.
drn`k pgcyigrplhd oy e`gtlhr
Zgihtln`f ygu dnd sgjnec eux pes et e iefh. Nt tggk e cg`f tnih
e pgtng` gr hcnxnr,
1 (gr e ecsh ejjusetng`) fetlhrn`f g iefhs tg ſt`d e wey tg rhvhrsh nt.
n` eddntng` tg tlh
led ygu niprnsg`hd e`d erh `gw trhethd g tlns dey, ygu levh khpt
ste`derd hflhjts, ygu
gr 5d52 ig`tls. es gchrethd oy gtlhr sgih g tlh ie``hrnsis g
ecsg suflhr rgi tlh
iefhs n`sthed g Hquec. tlet e`niec. ^gu suflhr e -?
@eushe jg`dntng` gr tlh
tg ygur Zgjnec Htnquhtth.
duretng` g tlh hcnxnr.

Ih`tgr Resshd Ewey  N`tgxnjethd

N ygur ih`tgr wes ^gu trnhd e pggrcy iedh
Hxtrhih Quc`hreoncnty 
stncc ecnvh, tlhy pesshd Lu`thd jg`jgjtng` g` ygurshc
^gu trnhd tg iekh ygurshc
ewey durn`f tlns Thrh erh ogu`tnhs e`d nt jle`fhd ygur
rhsnste`t tg dnihrntnui. ^gu
dhjedh. N ygu dnd `gt gut g` ygu. E frgup ihteogcnsi grhvhr.
6 levh e ih`tgr, ygu je` g (5d1+8) ogu`ty Vlh` drn`kn`f e fgt tlh gppgsnth rhsuct. ^gu
suflhr e -: ph`ecty tg ygur
rh-rgcc tlns rhsuct. Nt lu`thrs erh ejtnvhcy pgtng` gr e` hcnxnr,
H`dure`jh jlhjks tg rhsnst
ns up tg ygu e`d tlh cggkn`f gr ygu. ygu iust rgcc oh`hetl
tlh hflhjts g dnihrntnui.
FI tg dhthrin`h ygur OGD^ g` 5d52 gr
lgw tlhy dnhd. ohjgih N`tgxnjethd.

H`hiy g tlh Zteth

^gur pgcntnjec sjlhihs
Ecjlhinjec Dhph`dh`jy  hchpgrtetng` Znjk`hss
Lenr Ahcc Gut whrh dnsjgvhrhd, e`d
Trgufl jg`ste`t thstn`f ^gu hxphrnh`jh
hxph rnh`jh thchpgrtetng`
E sphcc wh`t ygu levh ohh` ore`dhd
g hcnxnrs e`d pgtng`s, snjk`hss. Vlh`hvhr ygu
ewry e`d es e tlh h`hiy g e `etng`
ygu levh dhvhcgphd e` thchpgrt gr trevhc tlrgufl e
< rhsuct, ecc g tlh lenr g` ygu whrh jg`spnrn`f
eddnjtng` tg Hcnxnrs. Tns pgrtec, ygu iust iekh e`
ygur ogdy les ecch` gut efen`st. ^gu erh
e`d rhushs tg Lethd n` tlet `etng` wgrks
es e`y hxejtcy tlh seih
gtlhr eddnjtng`. 5?H`dure`jh jlhjktlh
gr suflhr rgi et @eushe
e DJ=
frgw oejk. rhferdchss g wlet
Zhh Jgrh Oggk (pf. :?). jg`dntng` gr 52 in`uths.
ygur Zgjnec Zte`dn`f
ns n` tlet rhfng`.
 

?<

_gcc Jeutngus Rgcntnjkn`f Hxphrnih`tetng` Iefnjec Ztudy  

Ertlrntns
^gur le`ds levh trguoch Ve`thd oy Lu`thrs
_nvec
iekn`f tlh n`trnjeth Cgst e Zh`sh ^gu dnd sgihtln`f
s gihtln`f sg jerhchss
Trgufl ygur ejtng`s,
fhsturhs rhqunrhd gr ^gur hxphrnih`ts levh e`d lhn`gus wntl ygur
sphcc jestn`f wntlgut ygug levh iedh
e`gtlhr e rnvec
sjlggc jgst ygu iujl. ^gu cgst iefnj tlet e jlurjl sh`t e
> pen`. ^gu suflhr e tlh sh`sh g testh, sihcc penr g Vntjl Lu`thrs (gr
ihiohr. _gcc g` tlh
-5 ph`ecty tg ygur gr tgujl. ^gu levh e -? Iefh Lu`thrs n` @ncfeerd)
Frudfhs teoch g` pf.
Zphcc Jestn`f jlhjks ph`ecty g` skncc jlhjks ehr ygu. Thy erh h`hinhs
?<, out tlhy iust oh
wlh`hvhr ygu jest tlet rhcy g` tlet sh`sh. tlet wncc dg e`ytln`f tg
tlh gflh`dhd perty.
perty.
e sphcc tlet rhqunrhs suoduh gr kncc ygu.
le`d igvhih`t.

_hten`hd oy e @goch
Lhxhd
E in`gr `goch lnrhd ygu
^gu whrh lhxhd, hntlhr
gr ygur iefnjec eoncntnhs
oy ygur gw` le`d gr
e`d erje`h k`gwchdfh.
sgihg`h ygu nrrntethd.
Hejl ig`tl, ygu fen` e
Vgrk wntl tlh FI tg
52 pnjk e` epprgprneth stnph`d
Lgwhvhr, g ygu
522 iust
jrgw`s.
fg
lhx rgi tlh g`hs
tg tlhi niihdnethcy
cnsthd g` pf. 528 gr pf.
wlh`hvhr tlhy suiig`
5?2 g tlh Jgrh oggk.
ygu e`d phrgri e`y
^gur jlerejthr les
tesks tlhy rhqunrh g ygu
yht tg u`dg tlh lhx.
gr rnsk e`fhrn`f tlhi.
Iutetng`
Jurshd
^gur etthipts et
^gu jurshd ygurshc oy
u`dhrste`dn`f iutefh`s
ejjndh`t, tryn`f tg u`dhrste`d
oejkſtrhd. ^gu fen`
tlh plysnjec jle`fhs tlh wgrkn`fs
Vgrk gFI
wntl tlh jurshs.
tg
g e In`gr Iutetng`
pnjk e` epprgprneth
epprgprneth jursh
g e Iutefh` g ygur
rgi tlh g`hs cnsthd g` pf.
jlgnjh e`d tlh jle`fhs
?:2 g tlh Jgrh Oggk.
n` Zgjnec Zte`dn`f.

Frudfhs
_gcc Rrghssng` Th Jeush Hsjecetng` Rgwhr
5 Jrnin`ec Zgcd gut tlh gflh`dhd perty Thy/ygu levh grfgtth` eogut nt Zgjnec

? Ihrjh`ery Oejksteoohd tlh gflh`dhd perty Thy/ygu erh g` tlh cggkgut Zgjnec
ur`hd dgw` tlh Thy/ygu levh grfnvh` tlh effrhssgr
: Ihrjle`t K`gwchdfh
gflh`dhd perty  out jgucd oh puslhd oejk 
Khpt tlh gflh`dhd perty Thy/ygu erh ejtnvhcy sjlhin`f
4 Ertnse` K`gwchdfh
rgi ejqunrn`f sgihtln`f efen`st tlh gtlhr
Ztgch sgihtln`f rgi
8 Zjlgcer Thy/
Thy/yg
ygu
u we`t `g
`gtl
tlnn`f tg dg wn
wntl
tl tl
tlhh gt
gtlh
lhrr Rlys
ysnj
njec
ec
tlh gflh`dhd perty 
Thy/ygu erh pce``n`f tg fg
1 Drund
und Jeushd tlh
tlh gflh`
h`d
dhd perty
rty leri Rlysnjec
ehr tlh gtlhr„s
gtlhr„s cgvhd g`hs
rnhd tg run`
r un` tlh gflh`dhd
6 Rrnhst Thy/ygu er
erh try
trynn`f ttg
g sseeogtefh tl
tlh gt
gtlhr In`ng`s
perty„s rhputetng`

< Iefh Ie`npucethd tl

tlh g
gfl
flh`dhd pe
perty Thy/ygu er
erh mu
must sp
sprhedn`f le
leriuc rru
uigrs In`ng`s
rnhd tg pgnsg` tlh Thy/ygu erh ied h`gufl tg ﬏y n`tg
> K`nflt Iefnj
gflh`dhd perty  e refh et ygur `hxt ihhtn`f
52 @goch N`sucthd tlh gflh`dhd perty Thy/ygu erh cggkn`f gr eccnhs tg lurt tlh gtlhr Iefnj
 

?>

Oh`hſtt
_gcc Hvh`t
Zjguthd gut e Rrgsphjtnvh Iefh
^gu gu`d e ygu`f phrsg` fnhd wntl Jlegs. ^gu lhcphd tlhi
5 orn`f tlhnr pgwhrs u`dhr jg`trgc e`d tren`hd tlhi tg oh e iefh.
^gu erh n` jg`ste`t jgiiu`njetng` e`d je` esk tlhi tg rh-
sherjl iefnjec ietthrs gr ygu. ^gu fen` e Iefh Eccy.
Igvhd n`tg e Jgiiu`nty 
^gu igvhd `her e siecc vnccefh. Th phgpch tlhrh scgwcy
gph`hd up tg ygu es ygu lhcphd tlhi wntl tlhnr wghs. ^gu
?
wncc ecweys oh whcjgih tlhrh, e`d tlhy wncc hvh` gflhr slhcthr
e`d ggd slgucd ygu `hhd nt. Vlnch n` tlns rhfng` ygu erh
ecweys trhethd es Hquec.
Reyih`t Duh
: Zgihg`h gwhs ygu 122 jrgw`s e`d ygu levh khpt tlh rnflt tg
jgcchjt et e`y igih`t, hvh` ehr dhjedhs.
Aeincner

4 ^gu levh fen`hd

hrywlhrh. tlhoh
Tns je` rnh`dslnp g e`
e jet, e dgf, e`niec
e onrd, grtlet gccgwsTns
e shrph`t. ygu e`-
hv-
niec ns tren`hd e`d gccgws ygur jgiie`ds u`chss ygu eoush nt.
Cgvh Eflenr
^gu gu`d e cgvhr wlg epprhjnethd ygur iefnjec tech`ts e`d
8 iedh e ihe`n`fuc jg``hjtng`. _gcc 5d52. 5-1= nt cesthd e hw
ig`tls, 6-<= nt cesthd e hw yhers, >-52= nt„s stncc fgn`f g` e`d
gfl.
Vg` e Duhc
^gu guflt e`gtlhr iefh n` e iefnj duhc e`d jeih gut tlh
1  vnjtgr.. ^gu
 vnjtgr ^gu tggk e` nthi g tlhnrs es e trgply. _gcc 5d52. 5-4=
E` Hcvh` Veckn`f
Veckn`f Ztefl, 8-<= E F`ginsl Ztefl, >-52= E Jrystec
Jr ystec
Zkucc.

Agu`d e Rgrtec
^gu dnsjgvhrhd tlh cgjetng` g e` gcd hcvh` pgrtec. _gcc 5d52.
G` e` hvh` `uiohr nt ns stncc ejtnvh; rgcc 5d52 efen` gr tlh
6 dhstn`etng`= 5-:= E` gcd fcedh n` Dgc Ocetle``e, 4-8= tlh nr
gjlenr igu`ten`s, 1-<= e sweip n` `grtlhr`
`grtlhr ` Kehdwh`, >-52=
dhhp u`dhr tlh jnty g @gvnfred. Th pgrtec je` ecsg, et tlh
FI„ss dnsjrhtng`, ched tg e`gtlhr dhstn`etng`.
FI„
Oettch Iefnj ren`n`f 
< ^gu sph`t tlh dhjedh tren`n`f tg oettch gtlhr iefnj ushrs e`d
rhsnst tlhnr pgwhr. ^gu
^gu fen` +5 tg _hsnst Iefnj.
Rcejh g Rgwhr
^gu levh gu`d tlh cgjetng` g e Rcejh g Rgwhr e`d ler`hsshd
>
nts h`hrfy. ^gu fen` 8 X`nts g Anl Hssh`jh. Vgrk wntl tlh FI
tg dhthrin`h wlhrh nt ns, e`d wlnjl hchih`t nt ns ettu`hd tg.
Erigrhd Jestn`f 
^gu levh prejtnjhd jestn`f
j estn`f n` erigr. Zuotrejt 5 rgi
rgi tlh tgtec
52
HQ g ecc tlh erigr ygu erh whern`f gr tlh purpgshs g sphcc
jestn`f. N ygu ecrhedy levh tlns oh`hſtt ygu rh-rgcc tlns rhsuct.
 

:2

Eccnhs
_gcc Rrghssng` Lgw ^gu Iht Jcgsh`hss Qecuh
5 Jrnin`ec ^gu studnhd wntl tlhi Ejquen`te`jhs Zgjnec
^gu sevhd tlhi
? Ihrjh`ery  Ejquen`te`jhs Zgjnec
rgi e` ejjndh`t
^gu suppgrthd tlhi
: Ihrjle`t Ejquen`te`jhs K`gwchdfh
et e tgufl tnih
^gu oejkhd tlhi
4 Ertnse` Ejquen`te`jhs K`gwchdfh
efen`st e ohtreyec
^gu whrh g`h-tnih
8 Zjlgcer Ejquen`te`jhs Rlysnjec
rgie`tnj pert`hrs
^gu sht gut tg
1 Drund Ejquen`te`jhs Rlysnjec
ie`npucethh tlhi
ie`npucet
^gu slgwhd tlhi
6 Rrnhst Arnh`ds In`ng`s
fh`un`h kn`d`hss
< Iefh ^gu sht gut tg study tlhi Arnh`ds In`ng`s
^gu lhcphd tlhi
> K`nflt Arnh`ds Iefnj
oejksteo sgihg`h
^gu iht durn`f
52 @goch Ogu`d oy Og`d Iefnj
sgih pu`nslih`t
 

:5

K`gwchdfh
_gcc K`gwchdfh

Ztuiphd oy e Jursh
^gu ohfe` dhcvn`f n`tg tlh wgrkn`fs g e pertnjucercy vnch jursh
j ursh tlet les ohh` eflhjtn`f e
5 eincy gr fh`hretng`s. Vlnch ygu jgucd `gt dnsphc nt, ygur ſt
ſt`dn`fs
`dn`fs fevh ygu n`snflt n`tg
tlh `eturh g jurshs. ^gu fen` e +5 tg Iefnjec ren`n`f e`d e +5 tg Lhx Vhevn`f.

Ihigrnzhd Agriuceh
? ^gu sph`t ygur dhjedh ihigrnzn`f sphcc griuceh. Jlggsh
Jlg gsh g`h @gvnjh e`d g`h
Mgur`hyie` sphcc. ^gu
^gu ohfn` tlh feih k`gwn`f ogtl g tlhsh sphccs.

Iefnjec Ongcgfnst
: ^gu sph`t e frhet dhec
dh ec g tnih studyn`f tlh n`lhrh`t iefnj g ig`sthrs cnkh chslh` e`d ſth`ds. ^gu
^gu ohfn`
tlh feih k`gwn`f tlh Niouh rg rgply
ply _ntuec. N ygu ecrhedy levh tlns k`gwchdfh ygu rh-rgcc tlns rhsuct.

]hrrnke`ne` Ecjlhiy 
4 ^gu sph`t ygur tnih studyn`f tlh ecjlhiy g tlh ]hrrnke`ne` sjlgcers. ^gu
^gu
ohfn` tlh feih wntl tlh Agriuce gr ]hrrnke`ne` Anrh ihigrnzhd.

Znf`s e`d Rgrth`ts

8 ^gu phhrhd n`tg tlh uturh e`d sew e` hvh`t ygu iust prhvh`t gr iust h`surh lepph`s. Vgrk wntl
ygur FI tg dhthrin`h wlet nt ns. Tns vnsng` wes jg`vhyhd tlrgufl syiogcs e`d ihteplgrs.

H`jyjcgphdne Erje`e
1 ^gu sph`t tlns dhjedh
dh jedh dnvn`f n`tg tlh cews g Jlegs, nts hvgcutng`,
h vgcutng`, e`d nts ushs. ^gu
^gu fen` e
+? tg Iefnj ren`n`f. N ygu ecrhedy levh tlns k`gwchdfh ygu rh-rgcc tlns rhsuct.

Chy Cn`h Ztudnhs

6 ^gu sph`t tlh dhjedh studyn`f tlh Chy Cn`hs g tlh Jg`tn`h`t. Vlh` ygu try tg drew g` e Chy Cn`h
ygu dg sg wntl e +? og`us. Eddntng`eccy,
Eddntng`eccy, ygu ohfn` tlh feih k`gwn`f tlh Dh
Dhthjt
thjt Chy Cn`h Zphcc.

hejlhr„s Essnste`t
< ^gu sph`t ygur tnih lhcpn`f e thejlhr gr phrleps ygur ih`tgr
ih`tgr.. Vlh` thejln`f `hw
sphccs tg gtlhr iefhs, ygu lecvh tlh `uiohr g cher`n`f jlhjks rhqunrhd.

Epprh`tnjhd tg e` Ecjlhinst
> ^gu sph`t sgih tnih
t nih studyn`f tlh ſt`hr
ſt`h r pgn`ts g ecjlhiy. ^gu
^gu ohfn` tlh feih
wntl e`y ? `gvnjh ecjlhinjec griuceh e`d fen` e +5 tg Ecjlhiy.

Dnvn`etng` Hxphrt
52 ^gu dhcvhd n`tg tlh study g dnvn`etng` e`d jcenrvgye`jh. ^gu
^gu ohfn` tlh feih k`gwn`f
hntlhr tlh Lydrgie`jy,
Lydrgie`jy, Ryrgie`jy
R yrgie`jy,, yrgie`jy,
yrgie`jy, gr G`hnrgie`jy _ntuec.
 

 
:?

E Cnttch K`gwchdfh
5?65, Fwhnsg` Leuc • re`sjrnohd oy Echj vg` Kerst
 

::

–...Zg, oy pgsntng`n`f ygur le`d gvhr tlh dnsl e`d gjusn`f g` orn`f-  Echnsthr,, ornh﬏y tekh` eoejk et tlh suddh` gppgrtu`nty,
 Echnsthr gppgrtu`nty, sterthd
n`f must h`gufl ﬏eih tg nf`nth tlh je`dch wntlgut ihctn`f, wh je` shh jceiohrn`f gvhr lns jcessieths tg tlh stenrs. Lns cest gostejch wes e
lgw jg`trgccn`f orhetl jg`trgcs tlguflts e`d tlguflts jg`trgc Jlegs…’ 
Jlegs…’  ogy wlg set tre`sſtxhd, wndh-hyhd et tlns ogcd`hss. Echnsthr iht lns
Fcy``ns lhcd lhr peci ﬏et eogvh e dhhp thrrejgtte ogwc n` nccustre-  fezh e`d tlh jlncd rhtrhethd, ogctn`f rgi tlh rggi es tlh `hw chj-chj -
tng`, e`d lhr je`dch ﬏njkhrhd tg cnh, ﬏getn`f n` tlh wethr. Zlh fce`jhd turhr tggk tg lns stefh wntl tlh jg`ſtdh`jh g e phrgrihr.
et tlh re`ks g studh`ts re`khd eogvh lhr chjturh spejh, h`jnrjcn`f tlh –Vh cher` tg dhec wntl tlh in`utneh g pgwhr, wntl phtty, cninthd
lecc. Ocejk-jced n` tlh u`ngri g Fwhnsg` Leuc, igst cnkhwnsh wgrh trnjks tlet iust `hvhr oh dhig`strethd tg e wndhr eudnh`jh chst wh
hxprhssng`s g jg`jh`tretng` es tlhy wgrkhd tlh hxphrnih`t.
h xphrnih`t. sjerh tlhi. N` tlh prnhstlggd, n`ntneths gur efh erh tren`hd tg fcgry
 E ﬏njkhrn`f
﬏njkhrn`f fn
fnffch
ffch drhw lhr sjrutn`y
sjrutn`y tg tlh
tlh oejk g tlh
tlh rggi
rggi tg shh
shh n` tlhnr eoncntnhs! Ecc ns dg`h n` lg`gr g tlh Frhet Zu`; tlh phgpch
e studh`t rhwerdhd gr lns cepsh n` etth`tng` wntl e ﬏esl g ﬏eih e`d je` shh wlet tlhnr chedhrs ejjgipcnsl n` nts `eih! Vh erh jepeoch g
e ejh ucc g sthei es tlh cnqund phrgrihd nts duec u`jtng` g sehty iujl igrh tle` wh erh phrintthd tg slgw!’ 
vecvh e`d secutery hxeipch. lh sgu`d g tlh dggr e`d lhevy ggtsthps drhw Fcy``ns„
–Iesthr Ken, n ygu erh u`n`murhd, kn`dcy rhpcejh ygur wethr. etth`tng`, out lhr fezh rhien`hd nxhd g` Echnsthr, lhr in`d rej-
Hvhryg`h hcsh, s`ufl ygur ﬏eihs e`d try efen`. Es Ken les dhig`- n`f. Ecweys sn`jhrh n` lns ohcnhs, tlns wes e wlgch `hw chvhc. Lh„d
strethd, n` cgsn`f jg`jh`tretng` ygu cgsh jg`trgc. Tns ns e in`gr ohh` etth`dn`f hxtre-jurrnjucer jcesshs wntl prnhsts g tlh Frhet
wgrkn`f n` e phejhuc rggi—niefn`h ygu ste`d n` tlh re`ks n` oet- Zu`; wlet led tlhy teuflt e`d wly led`„t slh iedh tnih tg ig`-
tch, drewn`f pgwhr tg end ygur jgiredhs wlnch ih` sjrhei e`d dnh, ntgr tlhnr ejtnvntnhs7 Zlh drhw n` e orhetl tg rhig`streth, jeci tlh
 purhcy tg tg dnstrejt ygu.
ygu.’’   sntuetng`, rhfen` jg`trgc.
–Echnsthr, ygu rensh n`thrhstn`f quhstng`s wh slgucd dnsjuss,
Tet her`hd e rnppch g sly ceuflthr. Nt usueccy dnd. Et chest g`h
jecicy.’ gg ceth slh hct tlh u`instekeoch prnjkch g tlh ogy drewn`f
studh`t rhjhnvhd e` niprgiptu sthei oetl hvhry tnih slh teuflt tlns
n` pgwhr.
hxphrnih`t, dnsjgiſttn`f tlhi wntlgut truh pen`. Fcy``ns wes incdcy
surprnshd g`cy Ken tlh mgkhr led weslhd lns ejh, slh„d e`tnjnpethd –N„cc slgw ygu wlet N„vh cher`hd—wlet N je` dg! Th` ygu„cc
u`dhrste`d!’ 
gvhr-h`tlusnesi rgi e`gtlhr sgurjh…
 E stre`fchd n`tekh g orhetl rgi tlh rg`t rgw slh k`hw rgi
 rgi  Echnsthr drhw n` ſtrh, pgn`thd ogtl le`ds et Fcy``ns„ Fcy``ns„ ogwc e`d
hxphrnh`jh ihe`t –N levh e` gpn`ng` e`d ygu iey `gt epprhjneth lurchd e strhei g ﬏eih tlet spceslhd cnkh gnc e`d weslhd gut n` e
wevh, ſtccn`f tlh chjturh ﬏ggr. Fcy``ns oerhcy led tnih tg tlrgw up
nt.’ Thrh wh erh.
e dhh`sh; tlh ﬏eihs spcnt e`d ﬏gwhd pest lhr, ceppn`f efen`st tlh
–^gu levh sgihtln`f tg edd g` tlh tgpnj g shc-rhstren`t, Ies-
 rg`t-igst
 rg`t-ig st dhsks es studh`ts
studh`ts rhjgnchd rgi tlh
tlh lhet.
thr Echnsthr7’ Fcy``ns khpt lhr ejh `hutrec, out e sinch tgujlhd lhr
Th teoch e`d pe`hcn`f whrh jrejkhd e`d ocejkh`hd; Fcy``ns
vgnjh. Echnsthr wes tech`thd e`d n`thccnfh`t e`d n`strujtn`f lni wes
stggd u`tgujlhd wlnch refih`ts g lhr `gths ren`hd hiohrs ergu`d
e whcjgih thst g lhr gw` jg`trgc.
lhr. Nt wes sg iujl wgrsh gr Echnsthr.
–Instrhss Qer rhler`h, tlns ns rndnjucgus!’ Th wgrds ourst rgi
Th ogy cht gut e wenc g efg`y e`d jgccepshd tg lns k`hhs es lns
e ogy n` tlh jh`thr rg`t rgw, lns ejjustgihd pcejh. –Vly dg ygu `gt
eris sjgrjlhd ewey, rhvhecn`f twntjln`f th`dg`s e`d ocejkh`hd
trucy thst us7 Vly dg wh pcey wntl je`dchs e`d lgcd gur orhetl wlh`
og`h wntlgut tlh ihrjy g eccgwn`f lni tg en`t.
tlh grjhs g Jlegs erh gurs tg jgiie`d7’ 
Argi tlh dggrwey, e jry.
–Es ygur jcessieth les must dhig`strethd, Iesthr Echnsthr, `gt
–Zhh! N tgcd ygu—lh„s de`fhrgus!’ 
hvhryg`h
sng`. Vhrhles yht gr
nt `gt etten`hd ygur ygu
tlh chssg`s ſt`hcy-tu`hd shc-jg`trgc
cher` lhrh, e`d prhjn-
ygur higtng`s inflt Zuddh`cy, erigrhd ih` whrh ru``n`f dgw` tlh sthps, ſtccn`f tlh
gvhrwlhci ygu n` strhssuc igih`ts. N levh h`frevn`fs tg pess  ﬏ggrr, wlnch
 ﬏gg wlnch tlh
tlh og
ogyy wlg led ﬏hd
﬏hd pgn`t
pgn`thd
hd ejjusn
ejjusn`fc
`fcyy es Fcy`
Fcy``ns
`ns trnhd
trnhd tg
tg
ergu`d g tlh n`murnhs tlet iey oh susten`hd tlrgufl u`wnsh pgwhr suiig` tlh jglhrh`jh g tlguflt tg jest e lhecn`f sphcc g` tlh wrhjkefh
g tlh jlncd ohgrh lhr.
drewn`f e`d N jeutng` ygu tlhy iekh gr frni vnhwn`f’ 
Zlh wes mgcthd rgi lhr spnrecn`f
spnrecn`f tlguflts wlh` twg g tlh ih`—
 Echnsthr
 Echnsthr ﬏uslhd
﬏uslhd e`d Fcy``ns
Fcy``ns rhecn
rhecnzhd
zhd sgihtln`f
sgihtln`f wes einss.
einss. Lh
 Iefh Lu`thrs,
Lu`thrs, slhslh `gw rhfnsthrhd—frnpphd
rhfnsthrhd—frnpphd Echnsthr
Echnsthr oy lns
lns slgucdhrs
jlecch`fhd lhr thejln`fs dency, out tlns wes `hw, lerslhr, e`d gut g
e`d puslhd lns lhed dgw`. Fcy``ns sterthd grwerd, e pche gr pnty
sthp wntl tlhnr usueccy einjeoch hxjle`fhs.
g` lhr cnps, out pgwhruc le`ds stgpphd lhr n` lhr trejks. Thrh wes
–Tet„s e encurh n` ygur studh`ts, Instrhss! Thnr entl enchd tlhi, `gtln`f tg oh dg`h es tlhnr jepten` dhjcerhd Echnsthr„s jrnih e`d sh`-
e`d tlhy cgst jg`trgc. N wh lgcd tg tlh Frhet Zu`, surpcus Rgwhr ns th`jh, tlhnr rnflt e`d duty wntln` Fwhnsg` Leuc. N` e`gtlhr orhetl
sehcy jle``hchd ewey,
ewey, prgthjtn`f tlh entluc iefh! Ecc ygu„rh dgn`f ns tlh exh swhpt dgw`, h`dn`f Echnsthr„s tgrih`t e`d sh`dn`f lns shv-
lgcdn`f oejk igrh jepeoch studh`ts tg sevh tlh scgwhr hhcn`f ggcnsl!’  hrhd lhed rgccn`f ejrgss tlh ﬏ggr, e` hxprhssng` g efg`nzhd jg`u-
Ahrvgr slggk lns vgnjh e`d Fcy``ns hct e frgwn`f jlncc g jg`jhr`, sng` g` lns ejh.
tlgufl lhr gw` chssg`s n` jg`trgc
jg`trgc khpt nt rgi lhr ejh. Tns `hhdhd  E rnppch
rnppch g epprgv
epprgvecec sprhed
sprhed tlrgufl
tlrgufl tlh jces
jcesss es tlh Lu
Lu`th
`thrs
rs rhc
rhcheshd
heshd
dhusn`f; n Echnsthr dnd`„t vh`t lh„d ourst e`d n slh jgucd nsgceth lns
ndhes, tlns inflt oh tur`hd tg e chssg` gr tlh jcess. G`h tg lgphuccy e`d
Thysecuthd Fcy``ns,
ſtchd gut, tlhnr ienc
ecc sln`n`f tesk jgipchth,
e`d lhrgnje de`fhrgus
steturh e`drgfuh
g`cy dnspetjlhd.
tlh grjh g
 prhvh`t e evgrnth
evgrnth studh`t rgi niigcetn`f
niigcetn`f lnishc
lnishc g`h ſt`h dey.
dey. n`fren`hd leont prhvh`thd lhr rgi drgppn`f tg tlh ﬏ggr e`d wencn`f.
–N dg`„t rhjecc e`y thejln`fs rhhrrn`f tg prgthjtn`f gurshcvhs Vntlgut rhigvn`f lhr fezh rgi Echnsthr„s es lns rhien`s whrh u`jhrh-
 rgi gur gw` ggcnsl`hss,
ggcnsl`hss, Echnsthr.
Echnsthr. Out pchesh, N ei ecweys
ecweys wnccn`f tg ig`nguscy jerrnhd ewey, Fcy``ns spgkh wntl ecc epperh`t jg`trgc.
cher`. Jgih, tlh ﬏ggr ns ygurs.’  –Jcess. Dnsinsshd.’ 
 

:4
 :8
 

Rrnhsts
–Aentl ns nipgrte`t; nt je` fnvh jgigrt, strh`ftl, e`d lhcp ohcnhvhrs hxtrejt sh`sh rgi e jg`us-
n`f wgrcd. Out e fh`tch entl n` e`gtlhr jcnieth iey tur` lersl; e snipch ohcnh twnsthd e`d jgi-
 pchx.
 pchx. N weck
weck jeu
jeutng
tngusc
uscyy es e stre`
stre`fhr
fhr erg
ergu`d
u`d tlh en
entlu
tlucc u`tnc
u`tnc N dnsjgvh
dnsjgvhrr tlh
tlh ﬏gwhr
﬏gwhr gr
gr tlh
tlh ﬏eih.
﬏eih.’’  
∟Fcy``ns ver rhler`h
rhler`h

N ohcnhvh tlns wncc oh tlh igst jg`trgvhrsnec jlepthr n`
tlh oggk= prnhsts e`d iefnj. Th ste`derd hxpce`etng` ns
tlet prnhsts je` ush prnhstcy iefnj, cnkh n`vgjetng`s e`d
n`je`tetng`s,
slnp ush iefnjohjeush
tlrgufltlhnr
tlhfgds gr tlh
prnhst. Tnspgwhrs tlhy wgr-
ns e` nipgrte`t
pgn`t ohjeush n` tlns efh g oejkcesl
oejk cesl efen`st iefhs, ie`y
prnhsts drew e tln` cn`h wntl
w ntl tlhnr n`vgjetng`s g` g`h sndh,
e`d tlh thrrnoch, u`fgdcy iefh sphccs g` tlh gtlhr sndh.
Cht„s cggk et wlhrh prnhstcy pgwhr jgihs rgi. Rrnhsts g
Krhvh e`d tlh Hthr`ec Aceih jceni tlhnr iefnj jgihs rgi e
lgcy ohn`f. Thy erh tren`hd oy gcd, vh`hreoch prnhsts g tlhnr
entl wlg levh sph`t dhjedhs ie`nhstn`f tlhnr fgd„s iefnj
tlrgufl tlhishcvhs. Th jg`jhpt ns tlet tlh prnhst ns teuflt
lgw tg jg`tejt tlhnr fgd, e`d lgw tg rhjhnvh lns pgwhr. Es
er es wh k`gw,
k`gw, tlh pgwhr g Krhvh gr tlh Hthr`ec Aceih je`
oh ushd gr fggd gr hvnc purpgshs. N tln`k wh je` efrhh tlet
tlh wgrk wntl tlh Grdhr g tlh Acein`f _gsh wes igreccy
duongus et ohst. Thsh prnhsts erh fh`hreccy gu`d n` tgw`s
e`d jntnhs. N` cerfhr jntnhs tlhy iey levh ie`y oheutnuccy
dhjgrethd thipchs wntl e` –hthr`ec’ ﬏eih n` hejl. Thsh
erh entls gr phgpch wlg we`t e whcc-jg`trgcchd, prhdnjt-
eoch entl tlet wncc thcc ygu wlet ygu slgucd e`d slgucd `gt
oh dgn`f. Ohsndhs khhpn`f tlh thipch, e`d cnsth`n`f tg tlh
suppcnjetng`s
suppcnje tng`s g gccgwhrs wlg jgih tg tlhi wntl jg`jhr`s,
prnhsts iey oh n`vgcvhd wntl cgjec jlerntnhs e`d cgjec pgc-
ntnjs. Thy usueccy h`jgurefh jg`grinty e`d prgigth tlh
eosgcuth pgwhr g kn`fs.
Th prnhstcy pgwhr wnhcdhd oy tlh gccgwhrs g Ihc-
nthch e`d Arhye tlh Frhet Igtlhr g tlh Zkhccnfhrs erh chss
strenfltgrwerd. N` ogtl jeshs tlh fgddhss ns g`h wntl tlh
`eturec wgrcd. E cgt g tlhnr iefnj ns lhecn`f g in`d e`d
ogdy, e`d hrtncnty. Nt suffhsts tlet Ihcnthch e`d tlh Frhet
Igtlhr erh gjushs gr tlh `eturec pgwhrs. Es er es N k`gw,
tlh prnhsthsshs g ogtl g tlhsh frgups ohcnhvh tlhy erh fnvh`
tlhnr iefnjec pgwhr oy tlhnr Fgddhss out dg `gt ohcnhvh
tlet tlhy erh ohn`f ushd es e jg`dunt gr tlhnr Fgddhss. Th
prnhsthsshs g Ihcnthch hsphjneccy erh khhphrs g k`gwchdfh
e`d gh` levherh
sjlggcs wntln` tlhnr thipchs. Th rhcnfng`s g
tlh fgddhsshs jgiig` tlrguflgut tlh @grtl e`d n` tlh
`grtlhr` prgvn`jhs g @ncfeerd. Thy hxnst qunhtcy eig`f
tlh phgpch. N` @ncfeerd, ohjeush g tlh g﬊jnec stetus g tlh
Frhet Zu`, tlh entl g Ihcnthch iey oh sgihwlet gvhrsled-
gwhd out thipchs e`d prnhsthsshs je` stncc oh gu`d. N` tlh
@grtl, ohsndhs hdujetng` tlh prnhsthsshs erh ecjlhinjec es
whcc es iefnjec lhechrs. Thy h`jgurefh phgpch tg cnvh wntl
`eturh e`d tlhy dnsph`sh jgiig` sh`sh.
Th` tlhrh ns tlh Frhet Zu`. Th pgwhr g tlh Frhet Zu`
ns shh` n` dnflhrh`t weys n` dnflhrh`t perts g @ncfeerd. G`
tlh rn`fhs, tlh siecc cgjec erin`f vnccefhs, sgih stncc ohcnhvh
tlet tlh Hiphrgr ns n` sgih wey jg``hjthd tg tlh su` e`d ns
e gjus gr tlh pgwhr g send lhevh`cy ogdy. Th ien` thi-
pch g tlh Frhet Zu` ns edmejh`t tg tlh niphrnec pecejh. Nt ns
oheutnuc n`sndh e`d gut e`d nts hxthrngr jg`trnouths tg @nc-
feerd„s jepntec ohn`f `eihd tlh Jnty g Fgcdh` gwhrs. Ecc
thipchs g tlh Frhet Zu`, cerfh gr siecc, erh suosndnzhd oy
tlh fgvhr`ih`t. Rrnhsts e`d prnhsthsshs je` ierry e`d levh
eincnhs es nt ns jg`snsth`t wntl tlh vecuhs g tlh Frhet Zu`.
Es cg`f es g`h ns cgyec tg tlh Hipnrh e`d ucſtccs tlhnr jnvnj
rhspg`snoncntnhs tlh entl h`jgurefhs tlh jgigrtn`f vecuhs
g lgih, eincy, ſtcnec rhspg`snoncntnhs, luincnty, lerd wgrk,
e`d jlernty. Hdujetng` ns gvhrshh` oy tlh Niphrnec G﬊jh g
Hdujetng` e`d ns `gt rhcethd tg rhcnfng`.
N` ecc g tlhsh rhcnfng`s, n`je`tetng`s e`d n`vgjetng`s g
tlh pgwhr g tlhnr fgd ns tren`hd out u`jtng`s prnierncy
tlrgufl gjushd wncc e`d pnhty.
—Ore`dg` g Gxh`urt

:1
 Vly ns e Rrnhst `gt
`gt e Iefh7
Iefh7
g tlh cnthrec u`n`ntnethd, e prnhst e`d e iefh iey eppher tg oh
jepeoch g hxejtcy tlh seih hets. Thy drew e`d jle``hc pgwhr
ceyphgpch dg`„t u`dhrste`d e`d jle`fh tlh wgrcd ergu`d tlhi
tg e dhfrhh ogtl n`jgiprhlh`snoch e`d thrrnyn`f. E`d yht e
uccy tren`hd iefh je``gt etthipt tg phrgri e` n`vgjetng`
tlet e `gvntneth je` phrgri wntl rhcetnvh hesh. Ogtl erh fh`hr-
etn`f suphr`eturec hflhjts, sg wlet„s tlh dnflhrh`jh7
E iefh epprgejlhs tlh study g Jlegs e`d nts ie`npuce-
tng` n` thris g sjnh`jh ſtrst, ert shjg`d. Thy cher` tg jle`-
`hc tlh que`tntnhs g tlh jgrrhjt gri g Jlegs tlet tlhy `hhd
tg ejlnhvh tlhnr dhsnrhd hflhjt. Jestn`f sphccs n` e lhnflth`hd
higtng`ec steth je` ched tg gvhrdrewn`f pgwhr,
pgwhr, wntl u`dhsnrhd
jg`shquh`jhs. Rrnhsts drew upg` tlhnr gw` hrvgr
hr vgr e`d entl tg
phrgri n`vgjetng`s. Thy levh pessng`, dhptl g ohcnh, e`d
e jhrten`ty tlet tlhnr eoncntnhs jgih rgi tlhnr spnrntuec jg`-
`hjtng` tg e pgwhr frhethr tle` tlhishcvhs. Tet ns e`etlhie
tg tlh e`ecytnjec sguc g ie`y iefhs, e`d lh`jh n`vgjetng`s
snipcy iekh `g sh`sh tg tlhi e`d erh ihrh wgrds.
Vlhrh tlhy ſt`d jgiig` frgu`d ns n` tlh igst griu-
cenj g wgrkn`fs. E`yg`h jepeoch g jle``hcn`f e tlrhed
g pgwhr je` cher` lgw tg jest e _ntuec, wntl nts jcher ruchs
e`d dhſt`hd hflhjts. Lhxhs cnkhwnsh jgih wntl ste`derdnzhd
rhjnphs tg gccgw, ogtl gr tlhnr jestn`f e`d tlhnr cnn`f.
Thsh nipgshd insgrtu`hs erh jest snipcy oy gccgwn`f tlh
n`strujtng`s tg tlh chtthr.
chtthr. Cnkh oekn`f
o ekn`f e` u`pchese`t jekh.
Dghs prnhstcy iefnj jgih rgi e fgd7 Zgihtln`f
Z gihtln`f pgwhrs
tlhnr n`vgjetng`s, out tlhsh erh dhsnf`hd n` sujl e wey es
tg rh`dhr iefhs n`jepeoch g jgiprhlh`dn`f tlh `hjhssery
in`dsht. Rrnhsts n`thr`ecnzh prhsjrnohd pgrtng`s g cgrh e`d
jle`t, dhjceni gr iutthr tlhsh tg n`vgkh tlh pgwhr g tlhnr
dhnty,, wgrkn`f tlhishcvhs n`tg e steth epprgejln`f shc-lyp-
dhnty
`gsns. Nt dghs `gt shhi
shh i tg dhph`d upg` lgw –fggd’ gr –hvnc’
–hvnc’
tlhy erh, snipcy tlet tlhy dhpcgy tlhnr ohcnh n` tlh pgwhr g
tlhnr jlgsh` dnvn`nty tg ejjgipcnsl tlhnr fgecs.
Rrnhsts e`d tlh Jgiig` Rhgpch
Nrrhsphjtnvh g tlh dgin`e`t entl g e rhfng`, tlh dhdnjetng`
g prnhsts n` tlhnr tren`n`f e`d wgrk fer`hrs tlh rhsphjt g
jgiig` gck, n `gt tlhnr ohcnh. X`chss ru``n`f up efen`st
sgihg`h ejtnvhcy gppgshd tg tlhnr fgd, gr tg fgds es e jg`-
jhpt, prnhsts
gpn`ng`s erhwhnflt.
jerry rhferdhd
Tnses n`﬏uh`jh
rhspg`snochns pertnhs, e`dstrg`f
hsphjneccy tlhnr
gvhr gccgwhrs g tlhnr gw` dhnty e`d ief`nſthd wlhrh tlhrh
ns g`h dgin`e`t entl, sujl es @ncfeerd, wlhrh tlh Frhet
Zu` gh` gvhr-sledgws ecc ecthr`etnvhs. E vnccefh prnhst iey
oh ecc e phese`t hvhr shhs g tlh jchrfy, sg tg tlhi, tlhy erh
tlh hiogdnih`t g tlh entl.
Chedhrslnp e`d pgcntnjec squeoochs erh h`tnrhcy gutsndh tlh
purvnhw g tlh ie` g` tlh strhht; ecc tlhy shh
sh h ns sgihg`h wlg
lhecs tlh snjk, reccnhs tlh entluc, e`d je` pucc cnflt`n`f rgi
tlh sky tg dhh`d tlhnr ﬏gjk. Thy phrjhnvh prnhstcy iefnj es
–jche`hr’ tle` tlh igrh n`jgiprhlh`snoch iefh wgrkn`fs
wntlgut tlh essgjnethd ten`t g derk erts. Tus, prnhsts rhprh-
sh`t e oucwerk efen`st wlet inflt leri grdn`ery phgpch, oh
tlet ig`sthrs, rnvec entls, gr suovhrsng`. Rrnhsts g ecigst ecc
strnphs lgcd pgsntng`s es pnccers g tlh jgiiu`nty, lgcdn`f
tlh rhspg`snoncnty g ohn`f trusthd oy tlh phgpch.
ph gpch.
Th @g`ohcnhvhrs
Dhspnth e pchtlgre g fgds e`d iystnjec pgwhrs tg jlggsh
rgi, tlhrh erh stncc tlgsh wlg snipcy dg `gt ohcnhvh. Thsh
phgpch dg `gt dnsohcnhvh n` tlh hflhjts g prnhstcy iefnj
out dg `gt jecc tlhi –inrejchs.’ Thy dg`„t fht tg nf`grh
n`vgjetng`s, `gr fen` e`y sphjnec dhh`sh efen`st tlhi—
nt„s tlhnr sgurjh tlhy dguot, `gt tlhnr h﬊jejy. @g`ohcnhvhrs
`grieccy ecc n`tg g`h g tlrhh frgups= fgds hxnst out erh
u`wgrtly g wgrslnp, fgds iey gr iey `gt hxnst, gr fgds
erh snipcy e mustnſtjetng` gr tlh sphcc jestn`f g prnhsts.
Th ſtrst n`jcudhs tlgsh wlg hhc enchd oy tlhnr entl
gr rhprhsh`tetnvhs g e dhnty. Tns je` dhstrgy tlhnr ohcnh
 

:6

e`d jgihs rgi e pcejh g e`fhr tlet iey

ecc upg` prnhsts, thipchs, e`d tlh jg`jhpt g Fgds e`d
fgds ectgfhtlhr. Th rhien`n`f frgups th`d Ig`sthrs
tg oh tlgsh wlg levh studnhd e`d duf n`tg
tlh shjrhts g `eturec e`d iefnjec plncgsg- g jgiig`, pgwhrchss
ply. Zjlgcers g Gxh`urt iey ohcnhvh tlet phgpch, e`ytln`f jepeoch

tlhnr k`gwchdfh rh`dhrs tlh rhecnty g fgds g dhvestetn`f

iu`nty inflt tlhnr jgi-
oh jg`snd-
nrrhchve`t; tlhy iey, gr iey `gt, hxnst wntl
hrhd dnvn`h. Th hklnd`e
`g dnrhjt nipejt g` tlh wgrcd et cerfh, sevh Ihcusn`h n` Zkhccnfh e`d
tlet wlnjl tlhnr gccgwhrs nipgsh. Th jcgshst tlh sycve` jeccn`f lni-
tg jcessnjec etlhnsts gh` grnfn`eth rgi tlh shc –Th Eccfgd’, gr hx-
re`ks g iefhs. Thy u`dhrste`d tlh ﬏gw g eipch, whrh prgpntnethd
Jlegs g` e phrsg`ec chvhc e`d shh `g rhesg` oy tlh cgjecs gut g her
tg orn`f suphrngr ohn`fs n`tg tlh hquetng`. g g tlhnr wretl. Th dn-
tlns cest frgup prnhsts e`d tlhnr n`vgjetng`s hrh`jh ohtwhh` –fgd’
e`d –ig`sthr’ ohjgihs
erh ihrhcy e`gtlhr gri g sphcc jestn`f tlet
ejedhinj wlh` hntlhr
rhqunrhs sphjnec tren`n`f out ushs tlh tech`ts jgucd dhstrgy ygu e`d ecc
g tlh jesthr. Tet prnhsts vhlhih`tcy dnsefrhh ygu cgvh. Zujl sejrnſtjhs
wntl tlns pgn`t g vnhw ns e sgurjh g dnsfru`- je` tlhishcvhs ohjgih
tchih`t tg tlhsh sjlgcercy iefhs. tlh rggt g `hw jucts, dh-
tejlhd rgi tlhnr grnfn`.
Th Gcd Veys
Zuosuin`f
Th Gcd Veys ns e jetjl-ecc thri oy wlnjl Ohcnhas
igdhr`, gr et chest dgin`e`t, entls rhhr tg
^gu`fhr entls je` sup-
tlh Fgds Vlg Jeih Ohgrh—ohcnhs g`jh
pce`t tlhnr grhohers oy
jgiig`pcejh wlnjl `gw shhi gcksy, gut- jcgshr tg tlh trutl, out nt wes `gt ecweys tlns epprgprnetn`f tlh gcd
dethd, e`d pgth`tneccy de`fhrgus. g
g tlh phes- wey. Hvh` durn`f tlhsh trguochd tnihs tlhrh dhnty es e` esphjt g tlh
e`try, lgwhvhr, tlh Gcd Veys rhprhsh`t e pert erh stncc ntn`hre`t prnhsts wlg prhejl tlh fcgry `hwjgihr. N`sthed g
g tlhnr sgjnec lnstgry e`d iey cn`fhr, dhspnth g iuctnpch fgds et g`jh. steipn`f gut tlh hxnst-
tlhnr levn`f gsth`snocy edgpthd `hwhr dhntnhs. n`f ohcnhs, inssng`ernhs
Th iemgrnty g tlh @grtlhr` _hecis„ h`jgurefh tlh edgptng`
Th n`leonte`ts g e vnccefh g` tlh ^erufe iey
n`leonte`ts ohcnhvh n` tlh fgds out sphjnſt- g tlh `hw fgds es pert
per t g
oh –letjlhd, ietjlhd, e`d dnspetjlhd’ u`dhr
jeccy rhvhrh g`h gr igrh dhntnhs rgi e cggsh, tlh stetus qug. Thy edd
tlh euspnjhs g tlh Hthr`ec Aceih, e`d yht stncc rhfng`ec pe`tlhg`, wntl tlh u`jtng` e`d `eihs tg jhrhig`nhs
cnflt e je`dch tg Qhygpetns gr pgur gut e cnoe- e`d gcd hstnvecs n`tg
nipgrte`jh g fnvh` dhntnhs n`thrprhthd dnflhr-
tng` tg De`e Ihedol g` tlhnr wey lgih rgi `hw lgcndeys wntl e sni-
h`tcy dhph`dn`f g` rhfng`ec tredntng`s. Ogr`
tlh ſthcds. Zgih igrh incnte`t ohcnhs inflt ncer tlhih. Th Hthr`ec
gut g e iyrned g cgjec jucts e`d ohcnhs g tlh
try tg jrusl tlh Gcd Veys, wlghvhr tlhy iey Anrh, gut g @gvnfred, les
shttchrs, tlns pe`tlhg` g ohn`fs ns rhhrrhd tg n`jgrpgrethd tlh wgrks
 vh`hreth, out tlns ns igrh cnkhcy tg sh`d tlhi
oy sgih prnhsts e`d sjlgcers es tlh Niigrtec g tlh Rrgplht Chongde
u`dhrfrgu`d tle` hrednjeth tlhi. Vlh`
G`hs. n`tg nts je`g`, iekn`f
tlh jrusedhrs igvh g`, tlh ohcnhvhrs dust gfl 
Th tesk g prgphr n`thrprhtetng` g tlh ie`y g lns gccgwhrs nts
slrn`hs, u`jgvhr iurecs, e`d ferce`d sejrhd gw`. Fredueccy tlh gcd
trhhs wntl rhsl ﬏gwhrs. ie`y thxts e`d dgjtrn`hs g tlns pe`tlhg`, n` fgds ohjgih chss prgi-
tlh @gvnfred X`ng`„s spnrnt g shperetng` g n`h`t, u`tnc e jgupch g
Th Grfe`nzetng` ga Ohcnha  jlurjl e`d steth, ohcg`fhd tg lnflcy hsthhihd fh`hretng`s dgw` tlh
jchrfyih`= erjl prnhsts g nipgrte`t thi- cn`h, phgpch grfht tln`fs
g e` gutsndhr, tlh igsenj g jgiphtn`f dhn- pchs e`d pgpucer prhejlhrs. gfhtlhr, tlhy whrh hvhr dnflhrh`t.
tnhs e`d dnvn`h pgwhrs wgrslnphd oy @grdcn`fs grihd cgjec jchrnjec Jgu`jncs jg`vh`hd tg
inflt shhi cnkh e sht g gutrnflt shpereth rhcn- shttch dgjtrn`ec e`d dnsjnpcn`ery dnspuths. Th
fng`s. gdey, wntl tlh ejtng`s g Hthr`ec Anrh igst nipgrte`t g sujl fetlhrn`fs erh Hchj-
jchrfy, tlns jg`jcusng` ns fhttn`f jcgshr e`d tgrec Jgcchfhs, hejl jlggsn`f e Lnhrerjl gut g

:<
tlhnr re`ks wlgsh tesk wes tg gvhrshh tlh phejhuc rhcetng`s
ohtwhh` prnhstlggds g dnflhrh`t dhntnhs, shrvh
shr vh es `hfgtnetgrs
ohtwhh` cgjec jchrfy e`d ig`erjls, e`d lhcp wntl tlh grfe-
`nzetng` e`d u`dn`f g `hw thipchs n` erhes g tlhnr jerh.
Th Lnhrerjls whrh, et chest g﬊jneccy, hquec n` nipgrte`jh,
out nt sgg` ohjeih epperh`t
epperh`t tlet n` prejtnjh tlh igst hsthhi
wes tnhd tg tlh ſtvh Lnhrerjls jcgsh tg shets g pgwhrs n` tlh
Agur Kn`fdgis e`d Jn`tre, wntl tlh Lnhrerjl g @gvnfred
wlg wes gh` jlgsh` tg ejt es e ihdnetgr ohtwhh` jg`-
﬏njthd @grdcn`f kn`fs.
Tns igdhc uctniethcy hcc gut g evgr es gvhr tnih tlh
Lnhrerjls ohfe` tg pnjk evgrnths rgi tlh pe`tlhg`. Jyrus
H`fhckn`d Lhiihcert, hchjthd n` hercy 5?82s es tlh Lnhr-
erjl g @gvnfred, jlgsh tlh Hthr`ec Anrh es e grjh tg ched
tlh lherts g lns suomhjts e`d prgigthd nts wgrslnp wntl tlh
lhcp g @gvnfred„s Jle`jhccgr g Zhjurnty, Jlepphcch. Znin-
cercy, Krhvh`nj Lh`fnst Rnkkhr, tlh Lnhrerjl g Erd Jerrenfl,
cercy,
sterthd tg prgigth Krhvh, tlh lhevh`cy fgd g hxpe`sng`, tg
 mustny Kn`f Lh`shct„s jg`quhsts. Th cest trucy hjuih`njec
Lnhrerjl wlg strgvh tg khhp n`tejt tlh oece`jh g pgwhr
ohtwhh` jlurjlhs n` tlh rheci g lns jerh wes Gcje` Fre`-
dhigt, tlh Lnhrerjl g Qh`fhrohrf wlg jerhd hvh` gr Arhye
wlg wes rhvhrhd oy Zkhccnfhr ihrjh`ernhs wlg whrh lnrhd
durn`f tlh Cgrhierk Ver. Gcje`„s dhetl et tlh le`ds g Kn`f
Lh`shct ierks tlh ſt`ec sthp tg tlh h`d g tlns dnecgfuh.
Th egrhih`tng`hd ig`gtlhnstnj th`dh`jnhs inflt uctn-
iethcy ched tg e sntuetng` ekn` tg tlh pgsntng` g tlh Jlurjl
g tlh Frhet Zu` n` tlh Hipnrh. Lhrh, g`cy g`h entl ns
g﬊jneccy rhjgf`nzhd oy tlh steth, wntl gtlhrs `gt g﬊jneccy
oe``hd out gh` gvhrsledgwhd. Hejl prgvn`jh les e jchrnjec
Jgu`jnc jecchd e Zy`gd tlet ns jgipgshd g erjl prnhsts g
rhfng`ec Frhet Zu` thipchs. N` tlh iemgr prgvn`jhs, tlhrh erh
ecsg lnhrerjls, jecchd N`je`dhsjh`ts. X`cnkh n` tlh @grtl, tlh
Frhet Zu`„s N`je`dhsjh`ts lgcd suprhih pgwhr gvhr cgwhr
jchrfy, e`d erh tlhishcvhs lhcd ejjgu`teoch tg tlh Hiphrgr
Hiphrgr..
G` tlh gtlhr le`d, tlh grfe`nzetng` g tlh prnhstlggd ns
 vhry dnflhrh`t n` Zkhccnfh. Lhrh, wlnch Ln`dersecc ns trhethd
es tlh spnrntuec jh`thr g tlh kn`fdgi, ecc thipchs erh h`tnrhcy
eutg`gigus.
eutg`gig us. Dhspnth e cejk g jh`trecnzhd lnhrerjly gr jchr-
njec Jgu`jncs, Zkhccnfh ns rhrhsln`fcy dhvgnd g tlhgcgfnjec
jg`﬏njts. Drunds, e`d wgrslnphrs g Arhye, Zhe Fgds, gr tlh
Lhrghs, dg`„t hhc tlh `hhd tg squeooch eogut tlh prniejy
g tlhnr sjlggc g tlguflt es tlhy erh ogu`d n` g`h jucturh.
E` h`tnrhcy dnflhrh`t ietthr erh tlh Derk Jucts, es tlhnr
gccgwhrs th`d tg oh u`whcjgih hvh` n` tlh igst tgchre`t
rhfng`s g tlh Jg`tn`h`t. Vgrslnpn`f fgds wntl e dhhp
n`thrhst n` ocggd e`d dhetl rhqunrhs shjrhjy. Derk juctnsts
dhthrin`h tlh wnslhs e`d fgecs g tlhnr dhnty g` e er igrh
cgjecnzhd oesns tle` tlh ien`strhei –jucts’ e`d tlh chedhr-
slnp g hejl jnrjch, jhcc, gr who ns dhthrin`hd oy ju``n`f e`d
strh`ftl retlhr tle` essnf`hd rgi eogvh oy e lnhrerjl gr e
jgu`jnc. Rrgigtng` vne –Dhed Ie`„s Zlghs’ ns tlh usuec wey
g jcnion`f tlh re`ks gr phgpch prg`h tg ihhtn`f ieskhd,
n` nsgcethd pcejhs, wntl tlh fgec g orn`fn`f insgrtu`h n` tlh
n`thrhst g phrsg`ec pgwhr.
pgwhr.
 
:>

De`e Ihedol Hcvh` Fgd gr

_hfng`ec Dhnty7
–Ie`y luie`s e`d hvh`
sgih hcvhs wgucd jg`-
sndhr De`edhnty.„
e` “Hcvh` Ihedol tg oh
Tns, g
jgursh, ns n`ejjureth. Th
Uuhh` g tlh Anhcds ns e`
e`jnh`t ohn`f wlg hxnsthd
cg`f ohgrh iy phgpch
errnvhd g` tlh Jg`tn`h`t.
N wgucd tln`k tlns essgjn-
etng` jgihs rgi tlh Eh`
Zhndlh„s strg`f jg``hj-
tng` tg tlh `eturec wgrcd.
Hvh` N, wlg frhw up n` tlh
indst g tlh Jnty g Fgcdh`
De`e Ihedol ns e` e`jnh`t ohn`f, k`gw` u`dhr dnflhrh`t `eihs oy lhr wgrslnphrs detn`f rgi gwhrs, hhc e jhrten` jg`-
ohgrh tlh tnih wlh` hcvhs ruchd. Th hcvhs jecc lhr De`e Ihedol, tlh dwervhs Ocghih`iefdh; `hjtng` tg tlh grhsts e`d
slh„s ecsg k`gw` es tlh Hthr`ec G`h, Cyſte, e`d tlh Uuhh` g tlh Anhcds. Zlh ns `gt `hjhsserncy vecchys g tlh Jg`tn`h`t.’ 
rhjgf`nzhd es e Fgddhss out igrh g e phrsg`nſtjetng`s g `eturh e`d tlh `eturec wgrcd, wntl e` —Fcy``ns ver rhler`h
hiplesns g` tlh cnh g tlh wncdhr`hss e`d tlh wncd wggd.
Th wgrslnp g De`e Ihedol ns g`h g tlh igst gph` e`d whcjgin`f g ecc tlh entls; es tlh @etureccy
phrsg`nſtjetng` g cgvh gr ecc cnvn`f tln`fs, slh ns rhvhrhd oy phgpch g ecc rejhs. Lhr gccgwhrs @hutrec
levh `g g﬊jnec grfe`nzetng`
grfe`nzetng` gr lnhrerjly e`d tlgsh wlg dhph`d upg` tlh whetlhr e`d tlh sgnc Es phrleps tlh igst cnt-
gr tlhnr cnvhcnlggd wncc gh` jhchoreth lhr es pert g tlhnr dnrhjt jg``hjtng` tg `eturh. Thrh erh hrec phrsg`nnjetng` g
`g thipchs tg De`e Ihedol e`d lhr hw pcejhs g wgrslnp erh erh e`jnh`t e`d dhrhcnjt, levn`f ohh`
oh h` `eturh, De`e Ihedol
eoe`dg`hd oy tlhnr n`leonte`ts cg`f efg. Thsh pcejhs g wgrslnp je` oh gu`d et snf`nſtje`t rhien`s `hutrec n` igst
trhhs, rnvhrs, e`d jevhs, out lhr wgrslnphrs igrh jgiig`cy iekh gflhrn`fs tg lhr et tlhnr pcejhs eflenrs u`chss tlhy levh
g jg``hjtng`. Aerihrs iey gflhr up e pgrtng` g tlhnr jrgps n` tlh ſthcds wlhrh tlhy tlh y frgw,
frgw, ohh- tg dg wntl tlh `eturec
wgrcd. Zlh les `g n`thr-
khhphrs slerh lg`hy dnrhjtcy rgi tlhnr lnvhs, e`d grhsthrs our` sjh`thd wggds tg slgw tlhnr hst n` tlh rnsh e`d ecc
rhsphjt ergu`d tlh trhhs tlhy lervhst. Th hcvhs, wlg dg `gt, es e rruch,
uch, prejtnjh efrnjucturh iekh g kn`fs, tlh slnn`f g
gflhrn`fs fetlhrhd rgi `eturec frgvhs e`d grjlerds. pgwhr, gr hvh` tlh phr-
Vlnch De`e Ihedol„s wgrslnp les dhjcn`hd gvhr tlh yhers, lhr entluc je` oh gu`d ejrgss tlh shjutng` g g`h rejh gr
e`gtlhr.
Jg`tn`h`t, rhquh`tcy fnvn`f wgrslnp tg De`e Ihedol prnvethcy wlnch puocnjcy gccgwn`f e`gtlhr
dhnty. Lhr wgrslnp ns strg`fhst n` Dgc Ocetle``e, tlh e`jnh`t hcvh` kn`fdgi `gw rhstgrhd tg tlhnr
ruch oy @ncfeerd n` fretntudh tg tlgsh hcvhs wlg guflt gr Hilyr ver Hirhns. Nt ns chest jgiig` n`
Zkhccnfh, wlhrh efrnjucturh ns chss nipgrte`t e`d iujl g De`e Ihedol„s purvnhw ns lhcd oy Arhye,
out n` tlh @grtlhr` Kn`fdgis e`d @ncfeerd
@ncfeerd nt survnvhs es pert g tlh `houcgus jg`jhpt g –tlh Gcd
Veys,’ iujl tg tlh dnsfru`tchih`t g prgpg`h`ts g tlh Hthr`ec Anrh wlg shh nt es e`jnh`t suphrstn-
tng`. Drunds dg `gt wgrslnp De`e Ihedol, es tlhnr gjus ns g` `eturh es e` h`tnty n` nts gw` rnflt. N`
ejt, De`e Ihedol les `g –prnhsts’ n` tlh tredntng`ec sh`sh. Tgsh wlg fundh jgiiu`ntnhs n` lhr
rntuecs e`d prejtnjhs erh igst jgiig`cy vnccefh hcdhrs e`d sefhs.
N` khhpn`f wntl lhr ie`y `eihs, De`e Ihedol„s wgrslnphrs je` very wncdcy. Zjgne„tehc oe`ds
inflt jecc upg` lhr end gr tlh trhhs tg lndh tlhi wlnch iekn`f rends g` luie` erihrs wlg
wncc rensh e oeskht g prgdujh tg lhr jgih
j gih lervhst tnih. Th fgddhss cgvhs ecc ph
phgpch
gpch e`d dghs `gt
pcey evgrnths. Es e phrsg`ec dhnty, slh ns k`gw` tg vnsnt tlh phgpch rgi tnih tg tnih et lhr jhc-
horetng`s, mgn`n`f tlhi gr hests gr rgein`f tlh ſthcds n` tlh sleph g e oheutnuc ygu`f wgie`
edgr`hd wntl ﬏gwhrs e`d ejjgipe`nhd oy verngus e`niecs wlnjl ﬏gjk tg lhr sndh.
 
42

Th Acein`f
_gsh @gw 
Th Hthr`ec Anrh
Ehr tlh jetestrgplh n`
Qnznie e`d tlh dhetl g

tlhnr
e hw Fre`d
ig`tlsIesthr
prngr, must
tlh
jlegs et tlh Cgj Iun``h
Zuiint, e`d e jrusln`f
dhhet et tlh le`ds g tlh
@ncfeerdne` wer ie-
jln`h, tlh Grdhr g tlh
Acein`f _gsh les ohh`
ecc out dhstrgyhd. Kn`f
_edgvnd Q les rhjcenihd
e`d sgcd tlhnr grtrhsshs
e`d hsteths e`d hflhjtnvh-
cy dnsoe`dhd tlh grdhr Th Hthr`ec Anrh ns `gt e dhnty—tlh sjrnpturhs dhsjrnoh Nt es e dnvn`h grjh, tlh pgwhr tlet uhcs tlh lherts
n` tlh hyhs g tlh jlurjl.
g ogtl fgds e`d igrtecs n` e phrphtuec ſtflt efen`st hvnc.
hvn c. Nts Jlurjl ste`ds es e cnflt n` tlh wgrcd„s derk-
Th hw rhien`n`f ihi-
`hss, e fundh ogtl spnrntuec e`d tgwerd prgfrhss e`d edve`jhih`t. Nts gjus ns g` dhh`dn`f tlh entluc
ohrs levh cerfhcy fg`h
tlhnr shpereth weys wntl efen`st hvnc, wlhtlhr tlet oh wntln` tlhishcvhs gr rgi hxthr`ec grjhs tlet wgucd leri gr jgrrupt tlhi.
ie`y g tlhi mgn`n`f _hprhsh`tetnvhs g tlh Hthr`ec Anrh je` oh gu`d sprhed ejrgss tlh @grtl, n` igst tgw`s e`d ie`y
_edgvnd„s Vntjl Lu`t-  vnccefhs. Th jlurjl
jlurjl ns jh`thrhd
jh`thrhd n` tlh Arhh Jnty g @gvnfred,
@gvnfred, wlnjl lgushs e ucc `n`hthh` thi
thipchs
pchs tg
hrs e`d e siecc ejtng` tlh entl. Cerfhst e`d igst nipgsn`f g tlhsh ns tlh Frhet hipch g tlh Hthr`ec Anrh, shet g tlh Lnhr-
tur`n`f tg druf-dhecn`f erjl g @gvnfred. E` hchjthd pgsntng`, tlhy erh vgthd n` oy tlh Hchjtgrec Jgcchfh g @gvnfred, e ogdy
tg iekh e cnvn`f. Ztncc, e
g prnhsts e`d lnfl-re`kn`f cgjec wgrtlnhs, es pert g tlhnr jnvnj duty. Th pgwhr g tlh jlurjl n` tlh
hw k`nflts levh `gt fnv-
jnty ns frgwn`f repndcy, e`d tlhrh erh jg`jhr`s tlet nt wncc hvh`tueccy u`dhrin`h tlh jnty fgvhr`ih`t.
h` up g` tlhnr grdhr e`d
we`dhr tlh rheci shhk- N` tlh tgw`s e`d vnccefhs g tlh @grtlhr` Kn`fdgis, tlh Hthr`ec Anrh gflhrs e sh`sh g shjurnty tg
n`f tg jerry g` Mejquhs tlh pgpucejh. Nt ns strndh`t n` nts igrecnty out les `g dhsnrh tg cgsh jg`frhfe`ts tg tlh grjhs g derk`hss
dh Ecdhrsourf„s fgecs. e`d wncc tekh sthps tg lnrh end gr dnstrnouth jlernty tg tlgsh g tlh entluc n` tnihs g `hhd. Vlh` e`
h`hiy ns chss niihdnethcy govngus, tlh entluc inflt cggk tg tlhnr purshs e`d wg`dhr wlet hxejtcy
nt ns tlet tlh jlurjl dghs gr tlhi. Lhrh, nt les prgvh` `hjhssery gr tlh prnhstlggd tg hxpe`d tlhnr
dhſt`ntng` g –hvnc.’ Th truh jche`sn`f wretl eccs upg` `g`-luie`s, prejtntng`hrs g sgrjhry, e`d e`y

wlg
wlg tlrheth` tlh jg`frhfetng`.
tlh` ejt ejjgrdn`f tg tlhnr Th
gw`lersl prn`jnpchs g
n`thrprhtetng`s g nts
tlhsjrnpturhs.
jlurjl erh ettrejtnvh tg zhecgts e`d e`etnjs
E` hflhjtnvh e`d pgpucer wey g dnspgsn`f g hvncdghrs ns tlrgufl tlh jche`sn`f pgwhr g ﬏eih, sphjnſt-
jeccy pyrhs e`d stekhs, dhph`dn`f upg` tlh gjjesng`. Our`n`f tlh cgjec wntjl n` tlh tgw` squerh ns tlh sgrt
g stethih`t tlet iekhs phgpch jg`sndhr tlhnr gw` ohcnhs, e`d jcn`f tg tlhi hvh` igrh vgjeccy, chst tlhy oh
 mudfhd
 mud fhd –hvnc.
hvnc.’ T
Thh Ht
Hthr`
hr`ec
ec Anrh
Anrh les nts gw` N`qun
N`qunsnt
sntgrs
grs tg hrrht
hrrht gut e`d n`
n`thrr
thrrgfe
gfeth
th susphjt
susphjts,
s, tlr
tlrguf
gufl
l tgr
tgrtur
turhs
hs
rhquh`tcy n`vgcvn`f ﬏eihs e`d ore`dn`f. Rrnhsts erh k`gw` oy tlhnr rhd e`d wlnth rgohs, gh` edgr`hd
wntl e ocejk jrgss wntl fgcdh` ſtcnfrhh. Tns entl prnierncy epphecs tg ih`, tlgufl nt `uiohrs sgih wgih`
wntln` tlh zhecgus re`ks g nts prnhsts. Th jlurjl ecsg ien`ten`s cey ihiohrs, n`jcudn`f Vntjl Lu`thrs,
e`d e dhdnjethd u`nt g hipch
hipch Fuerds n` @gvnfred.

Th Grdhr ga tlh Acein`f _gsh

Agu`dhd n` 5?1<, tlh Acein`f _gsh wes teskhd wntl tlh sprhedn`f g tlh entl n` tlh Hthr`ec Anrh e`d
tlh dhh`sh g tlh `hhdy. Nt wes ogr` rgi tlh drhfs g tlh Grdhr g tlh Vlnth _gsh, wlnjl igstcy cnsthd
ihiohrs g tlh `goncnty eig`f nts ihiohrs e`d wes e stnfl e`d igrecnstnj grdhr e﬊cnethd wntl tlh Juct
g Krhvh. Vlh` tlh prhvngus Fre`d Iesthr g tlh grdhr dnhd, tlh `hw chedhr, Mejquhs dh Ecdhrsohrf,
nipgshd lns vnsng` g e chss tgchre`t e`d igrh prgejtnvh grfe`nzetng`.
grfe`nzetng`. @g`-luie`s e`d iefhs suflhrhd
sphjnec phrshjutng`s et tlh le`ds g tlh Acein`f _gsh.
 
45

Arhye Th Fgds
ga tlh Zhe
–Led e cgt g dhecn`fs
wntl Zkhccnfhrs gvhr iy
 yhers. Igstcy
 yhers. Igstcy tredhs
tredhsih`
ih`
jgin`„ rgi Ln`ders-
 aecc. Zhhis cnkh tlhy
wgrslnp sgih “Fgds g
tlh Zhe„ es whcc es Arhye
out N„i `gt surh tlet tlhy
ecc efrhh wlg tlhsh “Fgds
g tlh Zhe„ erh. N„vh lherd
 pch`tyy g `eihs jle`th
 pch`t jle`thdd
u`dhr tlhnr orhetl e`d
gflhrn`fs tgsshd n`tg tlh
gjhe` out nt„s rerh tlet
Th prhdgin`e`t entl n` tlh Zkhccnfh Nschs, Arhye rhprhsh`ts tlh dnflhrn`f esphjts g tlh grjhs g tlh N lher tlh seih `eih
`eturec wgrcd, snincer tg Ihcnthch g` tlh ien`ce`d. Vlnch slh ns dhpnjthd es iendh`, igtlhr, e`d jrg`h twnjh. Lhl, prgoeocy e
et dnflhrh`t tnih, slh ns igst jgiig`cy dhpnjthd es e oheutnuc, ieturh wgie`, lhevncy prhf`e`t, rhfng`ec tln`f.’ 
whern`f tlh dneig`d Ornsn`feih` ergu`d
ergu`d lhr `hjk. Arhye hiogdnhs tlh quecntnhs g iethr`ec wnsdgi —_gdgc Kezihr
e`d strg`fcy suppgrts cgvh, ierrnefh, e`d eincnhs.
Arhye ns `grieccy oh`hvgch`t, e`d tlh Nsce`dhrs erh lhr ohcgvhd jlncdrh`. Zlh ns, lgwhvhr, e igtlhr Lhidecc &
wntl sgih dhſt`nth ndhes g` lgw lhr jlncdrh` slgucd ohlevh, e`d tlgsh wlg orhek lhr strnjturhs gr dhs- Th Jce`s
hjreth lhr thipchs ejh lhr wretl. Thrh erh ie`y strg`f e`d edvh`turgus typhs wlg wgucd sgg`hr ejh X`cnkh ie`y `etng`s,
e sjrhein`f lgrdh tle` dnseppgn`tih`t e`d pu`nslih`t rgi tlhnr igtlhrs gr jruhcty e`d insdhhds. tlh Jce`s g Zkhccnfh
N` Arhye„s jesh, slh shvhrs tlhi rgi tlh sgurjh g igtlhrcy cgvh e`d kn`d`hss u`tnc tlhy slgw prgphr lgcd e vhry phrsg`-
e`d sn`jhrh jg`trntng`. Tgsh wlg rhush tg rhph`t gr dg ph`e`jh gr tlhnr jrnihs ejh e` hvh` strg`fhr ec jg``hjtng` tg tlhnr
pu`nslih`t.
pu`nslih` t. Th fgddhss jurshs tlhi tg `hvhr efen` k`gw tlh cgvh e`d suppgrt slh prgvndhs, hthr`eccy.
hthr`eccy. fgddhss. Nt ns ohcnhvhd
Vgrsh, ohjeush Arhye hiogdnhs tlh jg`jhpt g eincy, tlns jursh eccs upg` e`y dhsjh`de`ts g tlh ins- oy tlh Zkhccnfhr phg-
jrhe`t n` phrphtunty. E chssg` n` `gt iekn`f ygur igtlhr e`fry e`d wly eoe`dg`n`f gr sceyn`f g`h„s pch tlet tlh gu`dhrs
gw` kn` ns g`h g tlh wgrst jrnihs e Zkhccnfhr je` jgiint. Tgsh wlg levh dg`h sg je` shhk e` lg`gr- g tlh 1 frhet jce`s g
Zkhccnfh whrh ecc sg`s
eoch dhetl n` oettch tg hxpu`fh tlhnr gflh`sh e`d prgthjt tlhnr jlncdrh`„s uturhs.
g tlh frhet lhrg g chf-
Trguflgut tlh Zkhccnfh Nschs, tlh fh`hrec pgpucetng` rhvhrhs Arhye, hsphjneccy wgih` rhferdchss g h`d, Lhidecc e`d lns
sgjnec stetus. Tgsh wlg wgrk jcgshcy wntl `eturh e`d dhph`d upg` nts iggds e`d slns ecsg strg`fcy wnh Lhucy`. Lhidecc,
evgr tlns fgddhss. E lu`thr inflt gflhr e preyhr tg lhr gr e sujjhssuc pursunt, e erihr wgucd cnkh- e inflty jleipng`
wnsh n` lgphs g jchih`t whetlhr e`d e fggd lervhst. Th rendhrs gr wlgi tlh Nschs erh eihd pched wlg ceys n` rhst u`tnc
suiig`hd gr tlh cest
gr jeci shes e`d tlgsh tlhy chevh g` ce`d gr tlhnr seh e`d swn rhtur`.
frhet oettch g _efl `er
Vgih` gri tlh wlgch g tlh prnhstlggd g Arhye, tlgufl ih` iey shrvh n` e cey jepejnty. Rrnhst- _ggf, ns ohcnhvhd oy
hsshs wher prejtnjec drhsshs e`d jeps g snipch, purpch eornjs. Tns sunts tlhnr pgsntng` es dh ejtg igst tg oh tlh sg` g
–igtlhrs„„ tg tlh jgiiu`nty, tekn`f jerh g n`murnhs e`d ncc`hsshs e`d edmudnjetn`f squeoochs ohgrh Arhye e`d e dhin-fgd
tlhy dhvhcgp su﬊jnh`tcy tg hsjeceth tg tlh mercs„ jgurts. N` pertnjucer, tlhy shrvh wgih` es indwnvhs n` lns gw` rhsphjt.
e`d jgu`shcgrs, prgvndn`f sgcejh, hxpce`etng`, e`d rhihdnhs gr fnrcs es tlhy ieturh. Vgrslnphrs iey
shhk tlhnr ochssn`fs gr lhectly jlncdrh`, jrgps, e`d tlh seh rhtur` g cgvhd g`hs. Arhye„s prnhsts rhferd
tlgsh wntl sgrjhrgus eoncntnhs wntl instrust, es `gt qunth ohn`f pert g tlh `eturec wgrcd. Drunds, lgw-
hvhr, wlnch `gt grin`f pert g lhr jchrfy, rhjgf`nzh Arhye es e ejh g Igtlhr @eturh, n` e og`d g
iutuec rhsphjt wntl tlh prnhstlggd. Arhye„s prniery thipch ns g` tlh nsch g Ln`dersecc; lhrh, lhr wgr-
slnphrs iekh gflhrn`fs g lg`hy, strewohrrnhs, ygfurt, e`d ihed, e`d sn`f lhr cgvh sg`fs e`d pghis.
Ejjgrdn`f tg chfh`d, Arhye je` tekh tlh gri g e wlnth jet, sg jets, ecg`f wntl ecjg`s, erh sejrhd tg
lhr. Ahhdn`f e strey gr edgptn`f e jet tg ygur lhertl ns shh` es e wey g juctnvetn`f lhr evgr.
 
4?

Th Zprhed ga
tlh Frhet Zu`
Th Frhet Zu`
Ehr tlh h`d g tlh Anrst
@grtlhr` Ver, tlh entl

g
tg tlh Frhet
sprhed Zu` Ae`et-
`grtl. ohfe`
njs, iystnjs, e`d prnhsts
ohfe` tg prhejl tlh fggd
wgrd g tlh Frhet Zu`,
cn`kn`f nt tg tlh prgplh-
jy g tlh chfh`dery Hcvh`
grejch, Ntlcn``h ehp Ehvh-
`nh`. Ntlcn``h„s Rrgplhjy
dhjcerhd tlet tlh wgrcd
wgucd oh dhstrgyhd oy
tlh Vlnth Argst e`d Th Jlurjl g tlh Frhet Zu` ns tlh g﬊jnec steth rhcnfng` g tlh @ncfeerdne` Hipnrh e`d tlh Hi-
wgucd oh ogr` e`hw oy phrgr, Hilyr ver Hirhns, ns ecsg tlh Lhed g tlh Jlurjl. Vlnch tlh Hiphrgr les `g pert n` tlh
tlh Vlnth Aceih e`d jlurjl„s dey tg dey eflenrs e`d ns `gt e tren`hd prnhst g tlh Frhet Zu`, nt les ohh` tredntng` gr
tlh Vlnth Uuhh`. Thsh tlh Hiphrgr tg oh tlh Lhed g tlh Jlurjl sn`jh tlh tnih g Hiphrgr grrhs ver Hirhns. Durn`f
ntn`hre`t prnhsts jcenihd
tlet Hiphrgr Hilyr ver grrhs
Zu` e`dver Hirhns„
lhcd rnsh tgrnflt
tlh dnvn`h pgwhr, lns gccgwhrs
tg ruch jcenihd
gvhr tlh ce`d. tleterh
Thrh lhsphjucetng`s
wes tlh cnthrec n`jer`etng`
tlet tlns ohcnhg tlh
jeih
Hirhns, tlh Vlnth Aceih
De`jn`f g` tlh Oerrgws rgi igrh e`jnh`t ohcnhs lhcd oy tlh luie`s wlg cnvhd ergu`d tlh _nvhr Ecoe out rhferdchss, tlns
g lns H`hinhs, wes tlh ohcnh n` e dnvn`h rnflt g ruchrslnp lhcphd gu`d @ncfeerd. Es tnih pesshd, tlh entl hvgcvhd e`d
chfh`dery Vlnth Aceih tlh Qer
Qer Hirhns eincy jeih tg ihrhcy oh o h ochsshd oy tlh Frhet Zu` e`d `gt dhsjh`d rgi tlh Zu`
wlnjl wgucd orn`f cnh ntshc. Ztncc, e hw phgpch n` tlh igst rurec rhfng`s ohcnhvh tlns tg oh truh.
oejk tg tlh wgrcd. Vlnch
tlh @grtlhr` Ig`erjls Vlnch nts pgcntnjec pgwhr ns `gw cninthd, tlh jlurjl g tlh Frhet Zu` cnhs et tlh lhert g tlh
qunjkcy jrejkhd dgw` g` @ncfeerdne` Hipnrh. Th oe``hrs g tlh ocejk-erigrhd incntery oher tlh hiochi g Th Frhet
tlhsh prhejlhrs, tlhrh erh
Zu`, e`d igst niphrnec jntnzh`s gccgw nts th`ht. Eig`f tlh k`nflts e`d ernstgjrejy g tlh Hipnrh,
stncc @grdcn`f wgrslnphrs
g tlh Frhet Zu` wlg shh tlh th`e`ts g tlh Frhet Zu` hxnst es e sht g fundhcn`hs gr cnvn`f e`d e rhin`dhr g tlh pgwhr
tlh Hiphrgr es e sevngr g tlh niphrnec eincy. Th jlurjl hxtgcs tlh vnrtuhs g orevhry, cgyecty, e`d jggphretng` wlnch
wlg wncc uslhr n` e `hw, ecsg fnvn`f tlh `goncnty g @ncfeerd e jcher wey tg dnste`jh tlhishcvhs rgi tlh jgiig`hrs.
utgpne` wgrcd. Tgsh wlg suppgrt tlh Hiphrgr erh shh` lnflcy n` tlh hyhs g tlh jlurjl e`d erh gh` rhwerdhd.
Eig`f tlh jgiig`hrs g tlh Hipnrh e`d ohyg`d, tlh Jlurjl g tlh Frhet Zu` gflhrs e cnflt n`
derk tnihs. Th entl thejlhs tlet n g`h cnvhs tlhnr cnh oy tlh vnrtuhs g tlh Frhet Zu` e`d slgws
tlhnr cgyecty tg tlh Hipnrh tlhy wncc ﬏gurnsl e`d tlh Hipnrh wncc prgthjt tlhi rgi tlh revefhs
g tlh wgrcd. Dhspnth ecc g tlh igreccy frey ejtng`s g tlh @ncfeerdne` Hipnrh, tlh Jlurjl g
tlh Frhet Zu` ns e suppgrtnvh grfe`nzetng` wlnjl h`jgurefhs eincnec dhvgtng`, jgiiu`nty, e`d
rhsphjt gr tlh `eturec wgrcd eig`f tlh gh` ohchefuhrhd
o hchefuhrhd phgpch g tlh Jg`tn`h`t. G` e dey-tg-
dey oesns, prnhsts g tlh Frhet Zu` grfe`nzh jhchoretng`s, le`d gut siecc fns gr jekhs et hstnvecs,
e`d n`vgcvh tlhishcvhs n` hvhry higtng`ec ohet n` tlh cnvhs g tlh entluc, wntl jhrhig`nhs gr
onrtls, ierrnefhs, e`d dhetls.
Zlrn`hs e`d thipchs tg tlh Frhet Zu` erh jgiig` tlrguflgut @ncfeerd e`d nts thrrntgrnhs.
Th prnhsts tlhishcvhs erh dnstn`funslhd oy tlhnr rgohs, `grieccy ocejk ejjh`thd wntl fgcd gr
sncvhr. Et snf`nſtje`t gjjesng`s sujl es hjcnpshs gr tlh snttn`f Hiphrgr e`d Lnfl Rrnhst„s onrtldey
prnhsts wncc wher fgcd gr yhccgw vhstih`ts wntl jgipchx petthr`s g hiorgndhry. N` eddntng`, tlhy
oher wlnth h`eihchd iesks g` jlen`s ergu`d tlhnr `hjks, wlnjl erh wgr` durn`f shrvnjhs e`d
lhevncy pen`thd wntl stycnzhd niefhs g tlh Zu`. Eig`f sgih prnhsts ocg`dh lenr ns jg`sndhrhd
igst eslng`eoch e`d sgih rnsn`f prnhsts jgiinssng` wnfs, grieccy stychd, e`d wgr` es pert g
tlhnr jhrhig`nec fero.
 
4:

Krhvh Fgd ga Fggd

Agrtu`h
Dhspnth tlh strnjt `eturh
g Krhvh, tlh Agrhetlhr

les
slnphdjgih tg oh wgr-
oy rnsk-tekhrs e`d
ejtng`-grnh`thd ihiohrs
g sgjnhty. N` edlhrh`jh tg
tlh th`hts g Krhvh, tlhsh
n`dnvnduecs ejt dhjnsnvhcy
e`d trust tlet Krhvh wncc
fundh tlhi. E`d sg, tlhy
jecc gut tg Krhvh tg ochss
tlhnr ejtng`s. N` tur`,
prnhsts g Krhvh ohcnhvh
Krhvh, ecsg k`gw` es tlh Agrhetlhr, ns gh` jg`sndhrhd oy @grdcn`fs tg oh tlh Zky Aetlhr tg tlet tlns inxturh g dh-
Ihcnthch„s Hertl Igtlhr. N` e wey, tlhy erh twg sndhs g tlh seih jgn`. Vlnch Ihcnthch prhejlhs  vgtng` e`d shc shc-jg`
-jg`n-
n-
dh`jh pcheshs tlh cnflt-
tlh oh`hſtts g jgipessng` e`d jggphretng`, Krhvh n`spnrhs lns wgrslnphrs tg ejtng` n` dhh`sh
`n`f fgd e`d je` fen`
g tlhnr phgpch. Lh ns e dhnty wlg gppgshs tlh grjhs g –Hvnc’ e`d hxtgcs tlh vnrtuh g eincy e`d lns ochssn`f. E`d sg, gr
jgiiu`nty. Th Agrhetlhr hxphjts lns wgrslnphrs tg ejt dhjnsnvhcy e`d `hvhr surrh`dhr tg grjhs
jgiiu`nty. ie`y, Krhvh les jgih tg
wlnjl inflt leri tlhnr jgiiu`nty.
jgiiu`nty. oh essgjnethd wntl fggd
Th usuec niefh g Krhvh ns es e tgwhrn`f, iusjucer ie` wnhcdn`f e spher iedh g cnflt`n`f grtu`h, es cg`f es ygu
ejtnvhcy shhk gut tlet
e`d e cerfh slnhcd. Lns prnhstlggd ste`ds efen`st tlh ig`sthrs e`d hvncdghrs tlet wgucd tlrheth`
grtu`h e`d iekh Krhvh
tlhnr ﬏gjk e`d tlh
t lh de`fhrgus `eturh g tlh Jg`tn`h`t les chd tlhi tg tekh up tlhnr swgrds efen`st prgud.
e frhet `uiohr g dnflhrh`t tlrhets gvhr tlh yhers. Th prnhsts g Krhvh levh h`jgurefhd e`d
hipgwhrhd tlh phgpch tg ste`d e`d ſtflt efen`st oe`dnts, ig`sthrs, lgstnch `g`-luie`s, wncd Th Qnrtuhs ga
e`niecs, e`d grhnf` n`vedhrs. Ecc n` dhh`sh g tlhnr lgihs e`d eincnhs. Tns hefhr`hss tg prgthjt Krhvh
tlh rheci iedh tlh Jlurjl g Krhvh e phrhjt ietjl gr tlh Ig`erjly g tlh @grtlhr` _hecis.
Gvhr tnih, e `uiohr g @grtlhr` Ig`erjls hiorejhd Krhvh, rensn`f up tlh prnhstlggd e`d n` Th Qnrtuhs g Krhvh erh
rhtur` rhjhnvn`f tlhnr ochssn`f. Th jlurjl jcenihd tlet Krhvh led jlgsh` tlh Ig`erjl n` quhs- e sht g trents hxtgcchd oy
tng` tg ruch tlh ce`d e`d tlet e`y dhſte`jh efen`st tlh jrgw` wgucd oh vngcetn`f tlh dnvn`h grdhr. tlh prnhstlggd n` tlh
`eih g tlh Agrhetlhr.
_hjh`tcy, tlh Jlurjl g Krhvh les cgst sgih g nts n`﬏uh`jh n` perts g tlh @grtl, wntl tlh Hvhry wgrslnphr g tlh
phgpch ﬏gjkn`f tg tlh igrh rednjec Jlurjl g tlh Hthr`ec Anrh wlnjl ns qunjkcy fen`n`f pgwhr Agrhetlhr cnkhcy k`gws
n` _hde`ne. Th wgrslnp g Krhvh ns hsphjneccy pgpucer n` Kehdwh` e`d tlh Lh`fgrs Chefuh, tlhsh vnrtuhs oy lhert e`d
tlgufl, wlhrh nts th`hts g shc-rhcne`jh ietjl tlh lersl jcnieth. Tns ce`d les ounct e lerdy,
lerdy, eus- trnhs tg cnvh tlhnr cnvhs ej-
thrh e`d stgnj pgpucetng`, gr wlgi tlh strg`f e`d `g`-jgddcn`f `eturh g Krhvh ns e fggd ſtt. jgrdn`f tg tlhi wlhrh
pgssnoch. Th vnrtuhs erh=
Rertnjucercy,, tlh prnhstlggd
Rertnjucercy prnhstlgg d n` Kehdwh` les pcejhd ntshc jcgsh tg tlh shet
sh et g pgwhr e`d lgcds frhet
Jgurefh, Lgspntecnty,
swey wntln` tlh kn`fdgi. Zhc-_hcne`jh, Lg`gr, e`d
Krhvh„s wgrslnp ns prhsh`t eig`f sphjnſtj frgups gutsndh Kehdwh` es whcc. Lh ns pgpucer rutl.
eig`f tlgsh wlg cnvh lersl cnvhs g` tlh rn`fhs g sgjnhty sujl es cuiohrmejks, in`hrs, e`d png-
`hhrs e`d eig`f phgpch wlg rnsk tlhnr cnvhs tg prgthjt gtlhrs n`jcudn`f sgcdnhrs, k`nflts, e`d
hvh` ihrjh`ernhs. Thsh wgrslnphrs strnvh tg cnvh oy tlh Qnrtuhs g Krhvh wlnjl erh prhejlhd oy
ecc prnhsts g tlh Agrhetlhr es e fundhcn`h tg e truh, ucſtccn`f cnh.
Th prnhstlggd g Krhvh ns hxjcusnvhcy iedh up g ih`; tlgufl lns plncgsgply g shc-rhcne`jh
epphecs tg sgih wgih` es whcc, tlhy je``gt shr vh es prnhsts. Jchrnjec fero ns derk orgw` gr ocejk
rgohs, wntl e` n`thfrec pgn`thd lggd eccn`f cgw g` tlh orgw.
orgw. Th ogrdhr g tlh rgoh ns g e cnflthr
orgw`, trh`dn`f tgwerd fgcd. E` hiorgndhrhd stgch, dhpnjtn`f jrgsshd cnflt`n`f ogcts, iey oh
wgr` gr jhrhig`nhs gr g﬊jnec ousn`hss. Zgih prnhsts g Krhvh jerry e swgrd gr gtlhr whepg` sg
tlet tlhy je` oh rhedy tg dhh`d tlgsh n` `hhd et e`y igih`t.

44
Jlurjl
Rrgthjtgrs
–Lhl, u``y tln`f eogut
thipchs g Ihcnthch. Rch`ty
 gck tln`k tlhy„
tlhy„rh
rh fggd
terfhts gr rendn`f e`d
wlet `gt. Ecc steflhd oy
sjlgcercy wgih`, pch`ty
g stetuhs e`d lhros tg
sthec. E`d ye inflt must
 fht ewey wntl tlet n` e
tn`y tgw` sgihwlhrh n`
tlh oejkwggds. Rch`ty g
thipchs tlet dg`„t tren`
tlhnr prnhsthsshs tg ſtflt.
Out cht ih thcc ye, tlhy
dg`„t levh tg. N phrsg`eccy
wetjlhd e frgup g oe`-
dnts try tg orhek dgw` e
thipch„s dggrs n` Ehdnr`
e hw yhers efg. “Jgursh
N wes eogut tg fht iy
jrgssogw wlh` N shh gck
jgin`„ gutte hvhry lut.
Lhl, hvhry orgtlhr, sg`,
lusoe`d, e`d etlhr n`
tlh dei` tgw` tur`hd
gut jerryn`f hvhry-
tln`f rgi wggd exhs tg
kntjlh` k`nvhs!’  cnvn`f; erihrs, lhrdhrs, e`d snincer iey wgrslnp lhr n` lhr esphjt g e` hiogdnih`t g kn`dcy
—_gdgc Kezihr
Ihcnthch
Th erjlhtypec fgddhss g hrtncnty e`d onrtl, Ihcnthch„s juct ns g`h g tlh gcdhst n` tlh wgrcd
e`d ste`ds dhspnth
dhspnth tlh hflgrt g `hwhr
`h whr entls tg suosuih nt. Zlh ns tlh jcessnj hiogdnih`t g tlh
iendh`, igtlhr, jrg`h vnsng` g wgie`lggd e`d les e frhet dhec n` jgiig` wntl Arhye. Zg
iujl sg tlet nt ns pgssnoch ogtl dhntnhs erh snipcy dnflhrh`t esphjts g tlh seih ohn`f. Vlethvhr
tlh trutl, lhr juct les prgvh` rhsncnh`t e`d hxpe`snvh. Ihcnthch ns prnierncy wgrslnphd n` lhr
esphjt es e igtlhr out lhr slrn`hs iey slgw e`y g lhr ejhs e`d lhr thipchs lgush tlrhh-
sndhd stetuhs dnspceyn`f lhr n` lhr h`tnrhty. Es e fuerdne` g wgih` n` jlncdonrtl, lhr `eih
ns rhquh`tcy g` tlh cnps g wgih` n` pen`, es tlhy erh th`dhd tg oy lhr jchrfy. N` tlns, slh ns e
pgwhruc prgthjtgr g wgih`, edepthd rgi tlh prniec ohcnhs g tlh hercnhst luie` jucturhs,
ihrfhd n`tg tlh gri e`d wgrslnp g tlh fgddhss.
Th Juct g Ihcnthch je` oh gu`d tlrguflgut tlh @grtlhr` Kn`fdgis, wlhtlhr n` cerfh thi-
pchs gr rgufl, out jerhuccy th`dhd slrn`hs. Ectlgufl lhr epphec ns prhdgin`e`tcy tg wgih`,
ie`y ih` erh `uiohrhd eig`f lhr wgrslnphrs. Ih` wntl wnvhs gr swhhtlherts fgn`f tlrgufl
dn﬊juct onrtls, gr tlgsh lgpn`f gr jlncdrh` erh hsphjneccy cnkhcy tg iekh gflhrn`fs e`d preyhrs tg
Ihcnthch. N` eddntng`, phgpch wlg wgrk jcgshcy wntl e`d dhph`d upg` tlh `eturec wgrcd gr tlhnr
`eturh e`d hrtncnty.
Ectlgufl tlh rhfng`ec chedhrslnp g tlh juct iey ejt ejjgrdn`f tg tlhnr gw` funde`jh, tlh
chedhrs wncc ihht rgi tnih tg tnih tg dnsjuss e`d efrhh g` uturh pgcnjy e`d dnrhjtng` gr tlh
entl. Tns spnrnt g jg-gphretng` hxth`ds tg gtlhr jlurjlhs; wlnch prnhsts g Ihcnthch iey `gt efrhh
jgipchthcy wntl tlgsh g Krhvh gr tlh `hwhr e`d igrh effrhssnvh Hthr`ec Anrh, tlhy dhoeth tlhi
n` jchrnjec jgu`jncs e`d etthipt tg gsthr phejheoch efrhhih`ts, sg tlet tlhnr in`nstretng`s erh
u`ln`dhrhd. Thy erh fh`hreccy g` fggd thris wntl drunds
dru nds e`d tlh gccgwhrs g gtlhr `eturh-wgr-
slnpn`f shjts, rhjgf`nzn`f tlhnr jgiig` frgu`d e`d slerhd grnfn`s.
Th prnhstlggd g Ihcnthch ejjhpts g`cy wgih`, tlgufl ih` erh rhh tg wgrslnp lhr e`d shrvh
lhr es ceyphgpch. Thrh ns e strg`f tredntng` g shrvnjh wntln` tlh juct, e`d ygu je` ſt`d prnhsts
g Ihcnthch wgrkn`f es lhechrs e`d indwnvhs gr suppgrtn`f pgpucetng`s durn`f tnihs g wer gr
pcefuh. Th strujturh g tlh prnhstlggd les hvgcvhd tg oh qunth griec e`d enrcy sjnh`tnſtj; `gvnjhs
cher` ongcgfy, ogte`y,
ogte`y, ihdnjn`h, e`d erntlihtnj ecg`fsndh tlh sjrnpturhs g tlh entl. Tns rh`dhrs
tlhi hin`h`tcy prejtnjec e`d jepeoch n` tlhnr uturh jerhhrs es lhechrs e`d lhcphrs. N` thris g
drhss, Ihcnthch„
Ihcnthch„s prnhstlggd whers rhd, frey, gr wlnth drhsshs gr rgohs, wntl jcgsh-ſtttn`f lggds gr
wnipchs. Durn`f griec gjjesng`s gr wlh` tlhy wnsl tg oh igrh vnsnoch, sujl es n` wer zg`hs gr
gtlhr jrnshs, tlhy wher e lhedoe`d gvhr tlh wnipch rg`thd oy e tecc, pgcnslhd org`zh inthr. Thy
rhquh`tcy jerry pgujlhs wntl ihdnjec suppcnhs et tlhnr ohcts wlh` n` tlhnr thipchs gr setjlhcs
wntl snincer wlh` trevhcn`f. Thy erh rhsphjthd oy tlh pgpucetng`, es tlhy sevh cnvhs wlh` phgpch
erh et tlhnr igst vuc`hreoch e`d erh k`gw` gr tlhnr prejtnjec e`d u`﬏eppeoch dhihe`gr.

Jgrei Efl hre
Ecsg k`gw` es tlh Cng`lhedhd Zpndhr, Jgrei Efl hre
ns rhvhrhd es e dhnty g dhetl, ocejk iefnj, e`d tlh `nflt.
Nt ns e` h`nfietnj ſtfurh wlnjl les ohh` dhpnjthd n` ie`y
gris rgi e ig`strgus spndhr curkn`f n` tlh derk`hss tg e`
u`etlgieoch ohn`f whevn`f e iessnvh who ohyg`d
oh yg`d rhecnty.
rhecnty.
  X`cnkh ie`y gtlhr dhntnhs, tlh Cng`lhedhd Zpndhr gflhrs
dnrhjt evgrs n` rhtur` gr derk sejrnſtjhs. Rrnhsts g Jgrei
Efl hre fnvh tlhishcvhs tg tlns derk grjh n` rhtur` gr
end, sph`dn`f tlhnr cnvhs ien`ten`n`f nts thipchs n` shjcudhd
sh jcudhd
erhes g tlh Jg`tn`h`t. Thy edgr` tlhsh thipchs wntl jervhd
og`hs e`d oreznhrs g ejrnd frhh` ſtrh e`d ejt es inddchih`
ohtwhh` tlh Cng`lhedhd Zpndhr e`d tlh phgpch g tlh Jg`-
tn`h`t. Rrnhsts g tlh Cng`lhedhd Zpndhr iesthr tlh ert g
whevn`f pgth`t jurshs e`d cher` tg n`dujh e tre`jh-cnkh steth
n` tlgsh wlg jgih tg tlh thipch, eccgwn`f tlhi tg oerfen`
wntl Jgrei Efl hre. Jgrei Efl hre„s ochssn`fs ecweys
rhqunrh e ihe`n`fuc sejrnſtjh g hqunvech`t vecuh. Tns prnjh
ns jgiiu`njethd dnrhjtcy oy Jgrei Efl hre e`d rerhcy dg
twg lgphucs rhjhnvh tlh seih prnjh. Th g`cy fuere`thh ns
tlet tlns prnjh wncc oh ocggdy e`d wncc rhqunrh phrsg`ec sejrn-
ſtjh. Arhquh`tcy,
Arhquh`tcy, phgpch erh drew` tg tlh Juct g Jgrei Efl
hre wlh` tlhy
tlh y levh `gwlhrh hcsh tg tur`. Vlh` gtlhr entls
rhush tg lhcp, tlh dhsphreth hw erh drew` n`tg tlh Cng`-
lhedhd Zpndhr„s who.
  Nt ns u`k`gw` lgw tlh juct g Jgrei Efl hre wes
gu`dhd out tlh Jlurjl g tlh Hthr`ec Anrh jcenis tlet
Jgrei Efl hre ns e dhig` ie`npucetn`f tlh whek. Lgw-
hvhr, dhspnth tlh ie`y ruigrs, prnhst g Jgrei Efl hre
erh `gt ocggdtlnrsty iurdhrhrs. Thy dg `gt grjh e`yg`h tg
sejrnſtjh, g`cy fnvh tlhi tlh n`jh`tnvh. Thrh erh, lgwhvhr,
u`e﬊cnethd juctnsts wlg ohcnhvh tlhy erh jlgsh` oy tlh Cng`-
lhedhd Zpndhr gr levh ewekh`hd e`gtlhr derk grjh tryn`f
tg jg`tejt nt. Thsh n`dnvnduecs erh fh`un`hcy de`fhrgus, sej-
rnſtjn`f gtlhrs n` drgvhs n` lgphs g fen`n`f derk pgwhr.
pgwhr.
48
Hpg`e
Th Cedy g Lgrshs lgcds swey gvhr lgrshs, iuchs, pg`nhs,
e`d tlgsh wlg rhcy upg` tlhi. Lhr wgrslnp ns u`hvh`cy dns-
trnouthd; g` tlh Jg`tn`h`t, slh ns strg`fcy rhvhrhd oy tlgsh
wlgsh eth slh fgvhr`s out cnttch hcshwlhrh. Zgih esphjts g
Hpg`e„s wgrslnp erh rhpgrthdcy slerhd oy lgrsh jucts n` Gſthr
e`d Lekce`d, out tlh dhtencs g tlns rhcetng` erh yht u`jg`-
ſtrihd. Hpg`e„s fggd frejhs erh sguflt oy rndhrs, steochih`,
erihrs, e`d rejhrs; e`yg`h wlg cnvhs wntl e`d ushs lgrshs
gr lgrsh-edmejh`t e`niecs. Zlh prgthjts e`d cgvhs tlh ohests
e`d tlgsh wlg leri tlhi rnsk lhr wretl—ruigrs phrsnst g
orutec gw`hrs ohetn`f tlhnr igu`ts e`d ohn`f gu`d trei-
pchd n`tg tlh sgd n` tlh igr`n`f. Hpg`e ns essgjnethd wntl
hrtncnty, ogtl es nt phrten`s tg lgrshs e`d ecsg jrgps, iekn`f
lhr dguocy nipgrte`t tg tlgsh wgrkn`f tlh ce`d. Aerihrs
wncc n`vgkh lhr `eih n` lgph g e lhectly gec e`d wlh` gc-
cgwn`f tlh pcgw ohln`d tlhnr lerdwgrkn`f ierh tg h`jgur-
efh e ogu`tnuc lervhst.
G`h sphjnſtj esphjt g tlh fgddhss ns vh`hrethd oy sgc-
dnhrs; tlns sterthd wntl jevecryih` out sprhed dgw`werd
tlrgufl tlh re`ks g ie`y jg`tn`h`tec incnternhs gvhr tnih.
N` tlns esphjt, Hpg`e epphers es e` erjlhr g` lgrshoejk,
ste`dn`f es e prgthjtnvh grjh gr tlgsh tlet ſtflt n` dhh`sh
g tlhnr lgihs. Lgihiedh ecters tg Hpg`e sgihtnihs
sprn`f up n` oerrejks e`d incntery h`jeipih`ts, e`d lhr
jhrhig`nhs erh gh` jg`dujthd oy dhvgthd jevecry g﬊jhrs
ohgrh frhet oettchs. Gutsndh g tlh incntery, Hpg`e„s wgrslnp
n`jcudhs phgpch g ecc fh`dhrs, ecc g wlgi erh skncchd et rnd-
n`f e`d le`dcn`f lgrshs. Thrh ns `g dhdnjethd prnhstlggd g
tlh Cedy g Lgrshs out pertnjucercy pngus k`nflts, erihrs,
e`d trevhchrs levh ohh` k`gw` tg dhdnjeth tlhishcvhs tg lhr
wgrslnp.. Thsh ejgcyths trevhc tlh Jg`tn`h`t phrgrin`f hr-
wgrslnp
tncnty jhrhig`nhs e`d e`niec ochssn`fs n` Hpg`e„s `eih e`d
th`dn`f tg lhr slrn`hs wlnjl usueccy ste`d g` rgedsndhs e`d
rhquh`tcy n`jcudh `eturec sprn`fs.

41
Cncve`n
N` jh`turnhs pest Cncve`n wes wgrslnphd n` tlh @grtl es Fgd-
dhss g tlh Igg` e`d g phejhuc dhetl e`d ournecs. Lhr juct
wes pertnjucercy prhvech`t n` Hcce`dhr, @ezenr, Ihttn`e, e`d
Qhch`, tlh cetthr lgusn`f e cerfh thipch tg lhr n` tlh jevh
systhi `her gdhres. X`grtu`ethcy,
X`grtu`ethcy, tlns e`jnh`t fgddhss hcc
gut g evgr e`d lhr thipchs whrh `hfchjthd e`d dhstrgyhd,
es iujl oy tnih es oy rnvecs. Ie`y suffhst tlet tlh wgr-
slnp g Ihcnthch wes tlh prniery ejtgr n` tlh grfe`nj dhinsh
g tlh gcdhr juct, es lhr wgrslnp sprhed wndhcy eig`f tlh
wgih` g tlh Jg`tn`h`t. Zgih hvh` fg sg er es tg sey tlet
Ihcnthch ns e`gtlhr ejh g Cncve`n gr vnjh vhrse.
Vlhrh Cncve`n ns stncc dhpnjthd nt ns es e `ekhd, oheutn-
uc wgie` wntl e sgiohr hxprhssng` g` lhr ejh, out wntl
lhr eris sprhed n` whcjgih. Lhr vnsefh je` stncc oh gu`d
n` e`jnh`t jrypts e`d gtlhr ournec pcejhs e`d lhr slrn`hs n`
ecjgvhs e`d jevhs wlhrh tlh igg` je` sln`h upg` tlhi,
dnrhjtcy gr tlrgufl lgchs jervhd n` tlh rgg. G`h g tlh g`cy
rhien`n`f ertnejts g Cncve`n ns tlh Igg` Ocedh, e pgwhruc
sncvhr swgrd ochsshd oy g`h g tlh Fgddhsshs hw survnvn`f
prnhsts tg jgioet e pgwhruc dhig`.
Th prnhstlggd g Cncve`n th`dhd tgwerd wgih` out ecsg
`uiohrhd e snf`nſtje`t prgpgrtng` g ih`. Lnstgrnjeccy tlhy
whrh n`vgcvhd n` prhpern`f tlh dhed gr ournec e`d iekn`f
surh tlet tlh epprgprneth rnths whrh gccgwhd. N` tlh lhydey
g tlh juct, wgrslnphrs wgucd fetlhr et slrn`hs tg goshrvh
e jyjch g jhrhig`nhs tnhd tg tlh pleshs e`d gris g tlh
igg`. E rntuec g prgthjtng` efen`st hvnc g` tlh `nflt g tlh
@hw Igg` e`d e muonce`t jhchoretng` g` tlh `nflt g tlh Aucc
Igg` wntl hrtncnty jhrhig`nhs dhdnjethd tg Lervhst Igg`s
e`d jche`sn`f rntuecs phrgrihd g` tlh `nflts g Hjcnpshs.
Cncve`n„s prnhstlggd ns `gt jgipchthcy hxtn`jt out les
dwn`dchd tg tlh dhdnjethd hw. E cgw-chvhc g ohcnh iey ru`
r u`
tlrgufl eincy cn`hs dhsjh`dn`f rgi igrh pgwhruc wgr-
slnphrs, tlgufl ie`y g lhr dutnhs levh ohh`
oh h` suosuihd n`tg
tlh wgrslnp g Ihcnthch.
Igrrnfe`
Igrrnfe`, k`gw` tg sgih es tlh Uuhh` g tlh Qhnc, ns e`
e`jnh`t fgddhss g wer, k`gwchdfh, eth, spnrnts, e`d iefnj.
_hcnhs g tlns werrngr fgddhss whrh ſtrst gu`d eig`f tlh
ih`lnrs g tlh Deuk phgpch g @ni`er Qecchy.
Qecchy. Znincer dh
dhpnj-
pnj-
tng`s levh ohh` gu`d es er sgutl es E`frh` e`d n` jevhs g`
tlh nsce`ds g Zkhccnfh suffhstn`f tlet lhr wgrslnp wes g`jh
wndhsprhed eig`f hercy luie`s. Th igdhr` wgrslnp g
Igrrnfe` ns rhchfethd tg siecc rhigth jgiiu`ntnhs ejrgss
tlh @grtlhr` _hecis tlgufl n`threjtng`s wntl tlh tredhrs g
tlh Aer @grtl suffhst tlet slh ns igrh jgiig`cy wgrslnphd
ohyg`d tlh Drefg` Igu`ten`s.
Th Uuhh` g tlh Qhnc ns dhpnjthd es ohn`f e wnsh ig`-
erjl, jepeoch g gutrnflt ocggdslhd out ecsg pgsshsshd g tlh
wnsdgi tg u`dhrste`d wlh` funch e`d ju``n`f whrh igrh
ushuc. Zlh ns dhpnjthd es whern`f lhevy erigr g ihtec e`d
chetlhr e`d jerryn`f e oherdhd exh. Lhr syiogc e`d sejrhd
jrheturhs erh revh`s, e`d lhr gccgwhrs rhvhrh tlhi.
Vlh` luie`s rgi tlh Ce`dn`f g Hxnchs hxpe`dhd n`tg
E`frh`, tlhy dnsjgvhrhd Erd Fwyd, e grhsthd igu`ten`
eig`f tlh Zcgphs wntl tlh run`s g e` e`jnh`t grt et nt„s
nt„s phek.
Th run`s slgwhd snf`s g levn`f g`jh ohh` e fre`d grtrhss
e`d tlh rhien`s g tetthrhd tephstrnhs e`d run`hd iurecs
dhpnjthd Igrrnfe`. Et tlh lhert g tlh run` stggd e iessnvh
syjeigrh trhh frgwn`f et e jg`vhrfh`jh g hertl chy cn`hs.
Th hxpcgrhrs whrh sgg` grjhd eoe`dg` tlh run` wlh` e`
u`k`gw` grjh ohfe` tg stnr, derkh`n`f tlh sky wntl e thrrn-
och stgri e`d e vnjngus ﬏gjk g revh`s.
Igrrnfe` `g cg`fhr les e prnhstlggd, out lhr th`hts cnvh
g` n` lhr sefhs wlg erh k`gwchdfheoch n` oettch tejtnjs, lns-
tgry, e`d rntuecs g iefnj. Thsh sefhs ohcnhvh tlet iefnj
phriheths ecc tln`fs out ns e `etureccy jlegtnj grjh tlet je`
g`cy oh jg`trgcchd oy e jchvhr in`d, e strg`f wncc, e`d strg`-
fhr jg`vnjtng`. Thy jg`sndhr k`gwchdfh e`d jgurefh tg oh
tlh khy tg sujjhss
sujjh ss n` ecc tln`fs out strhss tlet rhsphjt ns pere-
igu`t, hsphjneccy tlh rhsphjt g tlh dhed.

@hlech`n
@hlech`n, gr @hlech`ne n` tlh Zgutl, ns e fgddhss g trevhc
e`d dnvn`etng` wlgsh wgrslnp ns tlguflt tg levh grnfn-
`ethd wntl e `giednj luie` jucturh rgi tlh Ief Dhnre
Rcen`s n` tlh tnih ohgrh Ihttn`e mgn`hd tlh @ncfeerdne`
Hipnrh. Thsh `gieds preyhd tg @hlech`n tg prgthjt tlhi
g` tlhnr mgur`hys e`d tg fundh tlhnr jereve`s tg prgsphrgus
ce`ds. Thsh trevhchrs rgeihd tlh Jg`tn`h`t rgi Jn`tre tg
Iehjlt e`d es tlhy tredhd wntl trevhcn`f ihrjle`ts, sencgrs,
e`d hrryih` tlh wgrslnp g @hlech`n sprhed.
sprhed.
  Vlnch @hlech`n„s juct les ecweys ohh` er rgi pgwhruc,
ie`y phgpch jgurt lhr evgr ohgrh shttn`f gut g` e mgur-
`hy, e`d slh ns ecsg vh`hrethd oy dnvn`hrs e`d grtu`h thcchrs.
@hlech`n ns prnierncy wgrslnphd et jrgssrgeds gr et pgn`ts g
hioerketng` sujl es pgrts. Tgsh jeccn`f upg` lhr lgpn`f
gr e seh mgur`hy iey our` sejrnſtjnec cgevhs g orhed oekhd
n` tlh sleph g ogers, jecvhs, e`d ſtsl wlnjl ejt es ste`d n`s
gr tlh e`niec sejrnſtjhs g gtlhr, igrh vnsjhrec dhntnhs.
Niefhs dhpnjt @hlech`n es e ygu`f, mgyuc wgie`,
wrepphd n` e trevhcn`f jcgek, jerryn`f
jerr yn`f e jervhd
jer vhd wggdh` stefl
e`d e jgipess. Et lhr lhhc ns e cerfh lgu`d wlnjl sterhs
edgrn`fcy et lhr. Eig`f wgrslnphrs g @hlech`n, dgfs erh
jg`sndhrhd syiogcs g fggd grtu`h e`d erh gh` khpt es
jgipe`ng`s. Zlhhp dgfs e`d wgc lgu`ds hsphjneccy.
hsphjneccy.
@hlech`n„s les `g jchrfy out lhr hw dhvgthd wgrslnphrs
hioerk g` pncfrniefhs ejrgss tlh Jg`tn`h`t,
J g`tn`h`t, endn`f trevhchrs
e`d phrgrin`f dnvn`etng`s n` lgphs g her`n`f prgsphrnty.
N` cn`h wntl e`jnh`t tredntng`s, tlhy slgw tlhnr dhdnjetng`
tg @hlech`n oy tgssn`f e jgn` gr rgccn`f dnjh tg iekh iemgr
dhjnsng`s. Vlnch tlhsh pncfrnis erh gh` edhpt et dnvn`etng`,
tlhy ecsg gflhr tlhnr shrvnjhs
shr vnjhs es fundhs tg ejjgipe`y trevhchrs
g` u`jhrten` petls e`d tg ſt`d seh rguths tlrgufl sweips,
grhst, e`d evece`jlh-prg`h igu`ten`s. Tgsh cujky h`gufl
tg h`jgu`thr sujl pncfrnis n` tlhnr trevhcs, gh` h`jgurefh
tlhi tg mgn` tlhnr jgipe`y, ohcnhvn`f tlet tlhy orn`f tlhi
fggd grtu`h n` tlhnr trevhcs.
46
Th Rrgplht
Chongde
Th juct g tlh Rrgplht Chongde sterthd wlh` lh wes out e
snipch slhplhrd. Lh we`dhrhd tlh Jg`tn`h`t, thccn`f pere-
ochs eogut cnh, fgds, e`d ih`, e`d prhejln`f shrig`s wntl
e` hiplesns g` kn`d`hss e`d jgipessng`. N` slgrt grdhr lh
ounct up sgihtln`f g e gccgwn`f. Jg`thipgrery ejjgu`ts
lgcd lni es e kn`d ie`, wlgsh jeccn`f wes tg phrsuedh tlgsh
wlg wgucd cnsth` tlet tlhy slgucd oh `njh tg hejl gtlhr.
Chongde„s igrtec cnh h`dhd u`prgpntnguscy et tlh mews g
e drefg` wlg sweccgwhd lni wlgch wlnch lh etthipthd tg
dnssuedh nt rgi dhvestetn`f e vnccefh. Ehr tlh prgplht„s
dhinsh, sgih cgyec gccgwhrs vh`turhd tg wlhrh tlh drefg`
ch nts spggr e`d rhtrnhvhd lns rhien`s. Thsh whrh jerhuccy
jche`hd e`d lgushd n` e rhcnquery tlet ns `gw stgrhd n` tlh
Frhet hipch
hipch n` @gvnfred, wlhrh nt ns dnspceyhd durn`f hstn-
 vecs. Th entluc, et tlns tnih, erh phrintthd tg knss tlh rhcnj.
Ejgcyths g tlh Rrgplht sprhed lns wgrslnp ogtl durn`f
lns cnhtnih e`d suoshquh`tcy.
suoshquh`tcy. @gteoch eig`f tlhsh wes Zen`t
Rchfiu`d, wlg orguflt Chongde„s plncgsgply tg gussen`t,
e rhfng` lh led vnsnthd e`d cgvhd. Th Zen`t„s vnsnts whrh
ierkhd wntl sphjtejucer inrejchs, n`jcudn`f tlh lhecn`f g
shvhrhd cnios e`d dhetlcy ncc`hss. Ecc tlns wlnch prhejln`f
cgvh e`d jgipessng` e`d cnsth`n`f tg tlh `hhds e`d preyhrs
g lns ohcnhvhrs. Rchfiu`d jg`vhrthd tlh wlgch dujly tg tlh
wgrslnp g Chongde, e`d tlh phgpch hrhjthd e vest ig`u-
ih`t tg Chongde g` tlh oe`ks g tlh Ze`srhtgur _nvhr e`d e
thipch n` Oheujcenr.
Chongde ns wndhcy rhvhrhd ejrgss tlh Jg`tn`h`t e`d lns
thejln`fs levh ohh` edgpthd e`d edepthd tg shrvh ie`y
gtlhr jlurjlhs. Th Hthr`ec Anrh, wlnjl les tlh Frhet hipch
g @gvnfred es nts lhedquerthrs, les ohh` hsphjneccy khh` g`
usn`f lns wrntn`fs tg ſtcc tlh plncgsgplnjec feps n` nts ihssefh.
N`jgrpgretn`f tlhsh oggks n`tg nts lgcy thxts les eddhd e ceyhr
g ihrjy e`d jgipessng` tg nts gtlhrwnsh lerdcn`h prhejln`f.

4<
Zvecocgd
Ohgrh tlh wgrslnp g Arhye e`d tlh ucc dhdnjetng` g tlh
Zkhccnfhrs tg lg`greoch ocggdslhd e`d tlh mgy g oettch,
sgih gccgwhd e derkhr e`d igrh vnsjhrec dhnty, Zvecocgd.
Tns h`tnty,
h`tnty, e dnstgrthd e`d urngus
ur ngus inxturh g oher e`d ie`,
rhvhchd n` tlh pen` e`d sceuflthr g oettch. Zvecocgd„s wgr-
slnphrs n`jcudhd werrngrs, out lns tnhs tg `eturh, rhd n` tggtl
e`d jcew,
jcew, ettrejthd drunds ecch` tg tlh igrh orutec esphjts g
tlhnr entl. Zgih wgrslnphrs jgucd sleph-sln n`tg fnfe`tnj
ohers wlh` tlh ocggd cust tggk tlhi, tlh ohtthr tg rnp e`d
jcew tlhnr ghs tg pnhjhs. Chfh`ds lhcd tlhsh pgwhrs jeih
rgi e rnth wlhrhn` wgrslnphrs tggk leccujn`gfh`nj lhros
e`d gflhrhd tlhishcvhs tg jevh ohers, wlg wgucd jg`suih
tlhi. Tns dhedcy rntuec wes send tg og`d
o g`d tlh ohrshrkhr„s sguc
wntl tlet g tlh oher.
Th mercs tggk sthps, dnstrhsshd et tlh vnjngus jruhcty Zvec-
ocgd n`spnrhd n` tlhnr phgpch. Igst g tlh juct wes wnphd
gut, tlh juctnsts sh`th`jhd tg dhetl. nhd tg tlhnr slnps e`d
sh`t wntlgut senc gr ihe`s g `evnfetng` n`tg tlh thhtl g
tlh stgriy shes, tlhnr eth wes n`th`dhd tg dhthr e`y urtlhr
dhvne`ts rgi tekn`f up tlh tgrjl n` tlh uturh. Out e juct g
ocggd e`d strh`ftl wncc ecweys lgcd e` epphec tg sgih, e`d
`gt ecc tlh ecters whrh dhstrgyhd. Verrngrs, ornfe`ds, cgvhrs
g vngch`jh, e`d luie` ig`sthrs eoe`dg` iujl g tlhnr
luie`nty tg mgn` tlh juct dhspnth tlh prnjh Zvecocgd dhie`ds
n` ocggd e`d je``noecnstnj hests.
Thrh erh ruigrs tlet tlh lhert g Zvecocgd„s wgrslnp g`
Erd Zkhccnfh ns g`jh efen` ejtnvh. Lns prnhsts, jced n` urs e`d
drnhd ocggd, hxnst g`cy tg scekh Zvecocgd„s
Zvecocgd„s tlnrst gr rhd dhetl
dh etl
e`d rhvhc n` tlh pgwhr lh fre`ts n` rhtur`. Vlnch tlh juct ns
stncc trhethd wntl her e`d dnsden`, ocggdtlnrsty werrngrs wlg
je` tre`sgri n`tg ohers erh e ushuc tggc wlh` wer jgihs
gr tlh merc wlg derhs tg ush tlhi. Zgih hvh` jceni tlet Ohr-
shrkhrs cgyec tg Zvecocgd cnvh eig`fst tlh phgpch g Zkhccnfh,
scnppn`ff ewey n` tlh `nflt tg phrgri tlhnr ocggd sejrnſtjhs.
scnppn`
Qhygpetns
Qhygpetns ns e` e`jnh`t, prgthjtnvh dhnty wlgsh wgrslnp-
hrs rhcnhd upg` lni tg khhp tlhi seh tlrguflgut wlet ns
`gw tlh Rg`ter Qecchy. Th juct g Qhygpetns les chssh`hd es
`hwhr fgds tggk gvhr e`d phgpch sprhed igrh wndhcy
wndhcy,, out lh
ns stncc rhvhrhd oy e hw g tlgsh wlg cnvh ecg`fsndh tlh frhet
Rg`ter rnvhr. Lh ste`ds es tlh hiogdnih`t g tlh rnvhr vec-
chy, jepeoch g jeci prgthjtng` e`d jeprnjngus jruhcty,
jruhcty, es tlh
iggds g e rnvhr iey jle`fh ecg`f nts ch`ftl.
Es luie` pgpucetng`s errnvhd e`d infrethd ejrgss tlh
ce`ds, tlhy steyhd jcgsh tg tlh rnvhrs. Th ce`d wes hrtnch
e`d tlh vnsnoncnty fggd, sg tlhy jgucd shh de`fhr jgin`f,
u`cnkh tlh wggds wlnjl lgushd ecc ie``hr g ig`sthr. Es
shttchih`ts hxpe`dhd ecg`f tlh vecchy e`d n`tg tlh wncd gr-
hsts, jervn`fs g Qhygpetns whrh ushd tg ierk tlh ogu`d-
ernhs ohyg`d wlnjl de`fhr curkhd. Jeips ohjeih vnccefhs
e`d tlh` tgw`s; steoch e`d ohtthr dhh`dhd. Vgr` pgchs
wntl Qhygpetns„ ejh jervhd n`tg tlhi iey oh shh` n` tlh
u`dhrfrgwtl wlhrh tlh grhst rhjcenihd tlh ce`d gutsndh
tlhnr weccs. Th epphere`jh g Qhygpetns ns e sjgwcn`f ie`„s
ejh wntl e` gph` igutl, es n slgutn`f gr ocgwn`f, lns her-
sgih niefh ohn`f lhcd tg levh dhh`snvh prgphrtnhs. Jgin`f
ejrgss sujl e jervn`f ns dnsturon`f, stuiocn`f n`tg g`h g lns
cerfhr slrn`hs n` tlh inddch g tlh grhst, wntl wncd hyhs e`d
fepn`f iew ns e` hxphrnh`jh.
Qhygpetns les `g g﬊jnec prnhstlggd out e hw vnccefh
hcdhrs ergu`d tlh Rg`ter Qecchy stncc phrgri lns rntuecs
gr jgiiu`nty prgthjtng` e`d fggd lhectl et lns slrn`hs.
Qhygpetns les tekh` tlh pgsntng` g e prgthjtnvh lgushlgcd
spnrnt n` tlh Rg`ter Qecchy, hvh` wlhrh tlh phgpch wgrslnp
gtlhr fgds. Durn`f rntuecs, wnsh ih` e`d wgih` sgihtnihs
wher wndh ohcts g jurhd, wgvh` rnvhr-fresshs, e`d ihdec-
cng`s ohern`f lns ejh. Thsh erh jervhd rgi rnvhr phoochs,
e`d tlh chss jervn`f tlhy `hhd, tlh igrh pgwhruc tlhy erh
ohcnhvhd tg oh.
 
4>

Th Rrnhst Rrgahssng` Dhſt`n`f Zkncc

N`ntneth g tlh Fgds
–N` tlns thipch, N fnvh tlh grdhrs. N
usueccy h`surh iy grdhrs dg`„t jg`- Qnfgr Trhslgcd
﬏njt tgg iujl wntl Lhrhwerd„s pgcn- ?
tnjs, es er es tlgsh pgcntnjs erh cgfnjec
e`d u`dhrste`deoch.
u`dhrste`deoch. N` tlns jjeshesh tlhy
erh nrretng`ec, sg N wg`„t trhet tlhi Iefnjec Rhrks
e`y igrh shrnguscy tle` tlhy
tlh y dhshr
dhshrvh.
vh.’’ ? @gvnjh
‚@h``hkh N`vgjetng`s
 Ecrnflt, sg phrl
 Ecrnflt, phrleps
eps N levh`
levh`„t
„t ohh` es ejjureth
ejjureth n` ? @gvnjh _ntuecs
iy dhsjrnptng`s g tlh iefnj wnhcdn`„ gck es N ? Cgw De`fhr
jgucde ohh`. Lhl, Fcy``ns sht ih strenflt g` e Lhxhs
 hw tln`fs
tln`fs e`d N suppgsh
suppgsh N guflt
guflt tg sht
sht tlh
tlh rhjgrd
rhjgrd
strenflt iyshc. Vlnch tlhy iey `gt shhi ecc tlet
dnflhrh`t tg tlh evhrefh gck cnkh iyshc, prnhsts Zknccs
e`d drunds erh wgrcds epert. Rrnhsts erh iefnj Jlernsie
ushrs wlg fen` tlhnr pgwhr rgi tlh fgds, gr et
Jgurefh
chest tlhy sey tlhy dg. Argi wlet Fcy``ns seys,
tlh ejts en`„t hxejtcy lgcdn`„ up. Out wlhrhvhr Anrst End
tlhy fht tlh uhc tlhy iekh tlh ſtrh n` tlhnr gw` Lhx Vhevn`f
sphjnec wey, lhl. ^e shh, gr e prnhst nt„s ecc eogut
ohcnh. Ohcnh n` yhr fgd, ohcnh n` ygurshc, ohcnh Luie` Rhrjhptng`
Zgjnec Zte`dn`f  n` ygur ihssefh, ecc tlet sgrte stufl. Agr sgih, Chedhrslnp
tlet ohcnh fhts jle``hchd strenflt dgw` tlh
_ntuec Jren`f
Rrnhsts erh jg`sndhrhd Hquec oy tlgsh wlg inddch es dnvn`h pgwhr. Thsh erh tlh prhejlhrs
rhsphjt tlhnr dhnty out erh gchrethd oy  ye shh ie`efn`
ie`efn`„„ ﬏gjks n` tgw` squerhs
squerhs ecc gvhr Zphcc Jestn`f
tlgsh wlg dg`„t e`d Lethd e`d Aherhd oy tlh Jg`tn`h`t. Ogr` chedhrs, wlgsh entl chts “hi Ztefl/Zpher
tlgsh wlg leth iefnj e`d dg`„t rhsphjt  pucc gfl ecc sgrts
sgrts g iefnjec lnmn`ks.
lnmn`ks. _uig
_uigrr les nt,
tlhnr dhnty. hejln`f
tlhy hvh`
sg surh lgwfhtiujl
ihssefhs
stgjkrgi
N puttlh fgds out
n` tlet, lhl.NTh`
en`„t
 ye fgt tlh juctnsts, tlh g`hs wlg en`„t en`„t hxejtcy Fher (Rnjk 8)
N`ntneth g tlh Fgds (HIR) cujky h`gufl tg wgrslnp e ien`strhei dhnty.
522 jrgw`s g
 Infltt oh dhetl juctnsts g Jgrei Efl hrre gr
 Infl jgipg`h`ts
Th jlurjlhs g tlh wgrcd erh gh`  must wgrslnphrs
wgrslnphrs g Ihc
Ihcnthch
nthch n` tlh Zgutl. Hntlhr
weri e`d n`vntn`f pcejhs wlnjl end tlhnr wey, tlhnr entl„s fgtte phrshvhrh efen`st e wgrcd Jcgttn`f Rgwdhr (x8)
jgiiu`ntnhs e`d whcjgih `hw jg`vhrts. tlet we`ts “hi fg`h. ^gu„cc ſt`d tlhshs prnhst n` Deffhr
E Rrnhst je` rgcc N`ntneth g tlh Fgds et e  prnveth,
 prnvet h, lnddh` slrn`
slrn`hs,
hs, fnvn`„
fnvn`„ shjrht shrig`s tg
DJ sht oy tlh FI et jlurjlhs g tlh seih Dguoch Vgvh`
tlhnr gccgwhrs tg ogcsthr tlhnr entl e`d igvh
entl tg fht rhh cgdfn`f, lhecn`f, e`d gtlhr Feiohsg`
“hi tg ejtng`. Th g`hs ye rheccy fgtte wetjl gut
shrvnjhs et tlh FI„s dnsjrhtng`. N`ntneth g Lgcy Zyiogc
 gr erh
erh tlh e`e
e`etnjs,
tnjs, lhl. Zurh,
Zurh, tlhy„r
tlhy„rhh jg`vn
jg`vn`jn`
`jn`„„
tlh Fgds ecsg wgrks wlh` dhecn`f wntl
out tlet jg`vn`jn`„ usueccy cheds tg n`qunsntng`s Lgurfcess
ihiohrs g tlh seih entl, tlgufl tlhy
e`d e`fry igos our`n`„
our`n`„ dgw` scuis, e`d orgtl-
wncc cnkhcy oh eoch tg gflhr chss tle` e uccy hcs, e`d e`yogdy hcsh tlh prnhst dg`„t cnkh. Thy Mhwhcry 
suppcnhd jlurjl. Et tlh FI„s dnsjrhtng`,
usueccy cnkh tg khhp e jglgrt g –epgstchs’ `heroy @uion`f Lhros (x8)
N`ntneth g tlh Fgd wncc ecsg wgrk wntl
tgg sg tlhy en`„t hesy tg dhtlrg`h hntlhr.
wgrslnphrs g rhcethd dhntnhs. Ztefl 
‚_gdgc Kezihr  Zurfhg`„s Knt
 
82

Th Rrnhst Zkncc rhh

Dhſt`n`f Zkncc= N`ntneth ga tlh Fgds (HIR).
Th jlurjlhs g tlh wgrcd erh gh` weri e`d n`vntn`f g tlh Fgds ecsg wgrks wlh` dhecn`f wntl ihiohrs g tlh
pcejhs wlnjl end tlhnr jgiiu`ntnhs e`d whcjgih `hw jg`- seih entl, tlgufl tlhy wncc cnkhcy oh eoch tg gflhr chss tle`
 vhrts. E Rrnhst je` rgcc N`ntneth g tlh Fgds et e DJ sht oy e uccy suppcnhd jlurjl. Et tlh FI„s dnsjrhtng`, N`ntneth g
tlh FI et jlurjlhs g tlh seih entl tg fht rhh cgdfn`f, tlh Fgd wncc ecsg wgrk wntl wgrslnphrs g rhcethd dhntnhs.
lhecn`f, e`d gtlhr shrvnjhs et tlh FI„s
FI„s dnsjrhtng`. N`ntneth

Juctnst Rrhejlhr Ae`etnj

Iystefgfuh (HIR) Dnvn`h Rgwhr Ocggd _ntuecs (VNCC)

Vlh` n` e shttchih`t, e Rrnhst je`
sph`d e dey e`d rgcc Iystefgfuh et e
DJ oeshd g` tlh shttchih`t tg ouncd e
slrn`h tg tlhnr dhnty tlet ettrejts phgpch
e`d jg`vhrts tlhi tg tlhnr rhcnfng`.
Th FI dhthrin`hs lgw ie`y phgpch
 mgn`. Eddntn
Eddntng`ecc
g`eccyy, wlnch wntln`
wntln` ?2i
?2i
g tlns slrn`h, tlh Rrnhst je` ush tlh
slrn`h es e Agjus wntl e vecuh g :.
E Rrnhst je` ohjgih igrh n` tu`h
wntl tlhnr fgd, fen`n`f 5 pgn`t g
Qnfgrr tlrhslgcd phr skncc chvhc n`
Qnfg
Dnvn`h Rgwhr up tg chvhc >. Et tlh
52tl chvhc n` Dnvn`h Rgwhr,
Rgwhr, ygu rensh
ygur Qnfgr Trhslgcd oy 8 orn`fn`f
nt tg e tgtec g 51. Dnvn`h Rgwhr je`
oh tren`hd cnkh e`y gtlhr skncc.
E Rrnhst jestn`f e rntuec je` iekh e
Ocggd _ntuec jlhjk efen`st tlh jestn`f
DJ g tlh rntuec. N tlhy sujjhhd, tlhy
je` jest tlh rntuec wntlgut rhqunrhd
ecjlhinjec suoste`jhs oy sejrnſtjn`f
8 LR n` ocggd phr inssn`f u`nt g
ecjlhinjec suoste`jh. Tns ocggd
je` jgih rgi gtlhrs out iust oh
spncchd et tlh tnih g tlh rntuec.

Juct Iysthr y (VNCC) Dnvn`h Eutlgrnty (HIR) Ahr vgr (HIR)

Et lnflhr chvhcs, e Rrnhst ns slgw`
tlh n``hr wgrkn`fs g tlhnr rhcnfng`
e`d erh prnvy tg sgih g nts
shjrhts. Th Rrnhst„s juct iysthry
dhph`ds g` tlh typh g rhcnfng`
tlhy gccgw. _hhr tg tlh Juct
Iysthry teoch tg k`gw wlnjl g`h.
Th phese`ts e`d jgiig` gck g tlh
wgrcd shh Rrnhsts es efh`ts g tlh fgds„
wncc. E Rrnhst je` edd tlhnr Dnvn`h
Eutlgrnty tg tlhnr Chedhrslnp jlhjks n
tlhy erh n` e` erhe wlhrh tlhnr rhcnfng`
ns wgrslnphd. Hvh` wlh` gutsndh sujl
erhes g wgrslnp, e Rrnhst edds lec
tlns vecuh, duh tg tlhnr prhsh`jh
E Rrnhst je` rgcc Ahrvgr efen`st e
terfht„s jurrh`t N@x:. G` e sujjhss,
tlh reccyn`f pgwhr g tlh Rrnhst„s
wgrds fre`ts 5d1 thipgrery lhectl
gr hvhry pgn`t rgcchd gvhr tlh DJ
(iexniui 8). Tns cests gr es ie`y
rgu`ds es tlhnr Ahrvgr x? e`d g`cy
wgrks g`jh phr terfht phr dey.

Ochssn`fs (VNCC) Rrhjgf`ntng` (VNCC) Vgrd g Fgd (HIR)

E Rrnhst je` ochss e frgup g phgpch
tlrgufl e 5-lgur jhrhig`y.
Et tlh h`d g tlh jhrhig`y, tlhy rgcc
Ochssn`fs et e DJ=51. Agr g`h dey
ehrwerd, e `uiohr g phgpch hquec
tg tlh Rrnhst„s Ochssn`fs chvhc fen`
og`ushs es phr tlh Ochssn`fs teoch.
Et tlh wncc g tlh FI, e Rrnhst
je` oh gvhrjgih oy vnsng`s g tlh
uturh, sh`dn`f tlhi n`tg e jetetg`nj
steth gr : rgu`ds. Ehr tlns tnih
tlh Rrnhst je` rgcc Rrhjgf`ntng` et
e DJ sht oy tlh FI tg dhjnplhr
tlh vnsng`s tlet tlhy erh strnjkh`
oy.
oy. Zujl vnsng`s erh jgipgshd
g syiogcnsi e`d ihteplgrs.
ih teplgrs.
E Rrnhst je` rgcc Vgrd g Fgd tg
jg`vn`jh phgpch tlet tlhy erh sphekn`f
dnrhjtcy gr tlh fgds. E`yg`h wlg
encs tg dhh`d wntl _hsnst Jghrjng`
shhs tlh Rrnhst es e ihssnel e`d
gccgws ecg`f es e` epgstch. E Rrnhst
je` levh es ie`y epgstchs es tlhnr
Vgrd g Fgd vecuh. N` jgioet, ush
oe`dnt stets gr epgstchs wntlgut stets.
 

85

Zhttchih`t eoch Juct Iysthry 

Zhttchih`t DJ yph g Rrnhstlggd Juct Iysthry  

Leicht ?? Th Rrnhst les ohh` n`ntnethd

gw` ?2 Grfe`nzhd n`tg tlh lnflhr wgrkn`fs g

ygur jlurjl. Thy je` edd
Jlurjlhs
tlhnr Juct Iysthry chvhc tg tlhnr
Ziecc Jnty 5< N`ntneth g tlh Fgds jlhjks.

Jepntec 54 Th Rrnhst les ohh` slgw`

Dhntnhs ga tlh Vntjlhr Vgrcd
yph g Rrnhstlggd
tlh weys g gcd iefnj. Vlh`
tlhy jre e rntuec, tlhy je` rgcc
Gcd Fgds
ogtl e Juct Iysthry jlhjk e`d
e _ntuec Jren`f jlhjk e`d
Dhntnhs tekh tlh lnflhst g tlh
t lh twg.

Hthr`ec Anrh, Krhvh, Frhet Zu`, Zhjrhjy ns khy. Vlh` sgihg`h

Grfe`nzhd Jlurjlhs
Ihcnthch, Rrgplht Chongde trnhs tg dnsjhr`
dnsjhr ` tlh Rrnhst„s
Rrnhst„s truh
entl gr tlhnr igtnvhs tlrgufl
De`e Ihedol, Hpg`e, iefnj, tlhy iust rgcc efen`st tlh
Gcd Fgds Arhye, Cncve`n, Igrrnfe`, Rrnhst„s In`gr Iysthry jlhjk.
@hlech`n, Qhygpetns Derk Jucts
N tlhy enc, tlh Rrnhst iekhs
tlhi ohcnhvh wlet tlhy jlggsh.
Derk Jucts Jgrei Efl hre, Zvecocgd
Efen`st `g`-iefnjec sjrutn`y, tlh
Rrnhst je` edd tlhnr Juct Iysthry
Fundn`f ^gur Epgstchs chvhc tg tlhnr Dhjhnt jlhjks.
Th epgstchs fen`hd tlrgufl tlh Vgrd g Fgd eoncnty fh`-
un`hcy ohcnhvh tlet ygu erh tlh jg`dunt g wlethvhr dhnty ygu
gccgw. Vlnch tlns iekhs tlhi n`jrhdnocy cgyec nt je` sgihtnihs
Ochssn`fs
oh dn﬊juct n ygu try tg ush tlhi gr ygur gw` fen` es tlhy wncc
hxphjt ygu tg ejt n` ejjgrde`jh wntl tlh dgjtrn`h e`d thejln`fs yph g Rrnhstlggd Ochssn`f  
g tlhnr dhnty.
E`y tnih ygu fnvh e trucy stre`fh gr u`jlerejthrnstnj
u`jlerejthrnstnj jgi- Th Rrnhst hipgwhrs tlhnr
ie`d tg ygur epgstchs, ygu iust iekh e Vgrd g Fgd jlhjk gccgwhrs wntl tlh dnvn`h
Grfe`nzhd
et e DJ sht oy tlh FI. N ygu enc, ygur epgstchs wncc stncc jerry eutlgrnty g tlhnr jlurjl. G`
Jlurjlhs
gut tlh jgiie`d out e shhd g dguot les ohh` pce`thd n` tlhnr e sujjhss, tlhy fen` e +4 tg
in`ds. G` tlh tlnrd jg`shjutnvh tnih ygu erh grjhd tg iekh Chedhrslnp e`d +4 tg _hputetng`.
_ hputetng`.
tlns jlhjk e`d ygu enc ygur epgstchs ohjgih dnsnccusng`hd e`d
chevh ygu. N ygur tlnrd encurh ns e uioch ygur epgstchs wncc Th Rrnhst hipgwhrs tlhnr
ore`d ygu es e lhrhtnj gr e ecsh ihssnel e`d ettejk ygu. gccgwhrs wntl e ochssn`f tlet
Hxeipchs g jg`﬏njts g n`thrhst n`jcudh= jgiie`dn`f gc- Gcd Fgds slnhcds tlhnr in`d e`d ogdnhs.
cgwhrs g Ihcnthch
Ihcnthch tg tgrturh gr kncc shhin`fcy u`dhshrvn`f phg- G` e sujjhss, tlhy fen` e +: tg
pch, jgiie`dn`f gccgwhrs g tlh Hthr`ec Anrh tg sevh gr end ZR e`d +? tg _hsnst Iefnj.
Hcdhrgck gr iefhs, jgiie`dn`f gccgwhrs g tlh Frhet Zu` tg
Th Rrnhst hipgwhrs tlhnr
fg efen`st
jeshs, tlh wgrd g
tlh thejln`fs g hejl
tlh @ncfeerdne`
dhnty ns enrcyHiphrgr, htj. N`gut
jchercy sphcchd igst
n` gccgwhrs wntl e ochssn`f g
Derk Jucts
tlhnr dhsjrnptng` out n tlhrh ns e`y jg`usng` tlh FI les ſt`ec jhchrnty.. G` e sujjhss, tlhy fen` e
jhchrnty
sey g` wlet ns e`d ns`„t e jg`﬏njt g n`thrhst. +4 og`us tg Zthectl e`d N`ntnetnvh.
 

 
8?

 Vn`h
 Vn`h gr
gr Vnsd
Vnsdgi
5?62, Cgj Frni • re`sjrnohd oy Echj Qg` Kerst
 

8:

Fcy``ns strenflth`hd
strenflth`hd lhr schhvh gr tlh tlnrd tnih, siggtlhd lhr lenr, e`d  fcess wes slerp u`dhr
u`dhr lhr
lhr ſt`fhrs
ſt`fhrs e`d slh dhcnohrethcy
dhcnohrethcy rhcexhd lhr le`d.
le`d.
h`dhevgrhd `gt tg fnvh e` hipty rggi e`y snf` slh wes n`tnindethd. –Ceds e`d cednhs, yhs. Out tlhnr dnsjnpcn`h ns `gt e prgochi tg orn`f
Nt led ohh` `hercy lec e` lgur sn`jh tlh ygu`f shrve`t, `hetcy jced tg ygu, N`je`dhsjh`t. Tns ns igrh e ietthr g thejln`f stychs. Nt les
n` tlhnr epprgvhd ocejk u`ngri, led hsjgrthd lhr n`tg tlns levh` g jgih tg iy etth`tng` tlet shvhrec g iy studh`ts levh ohh` etth`dn`f
whectl e`d jecjucethd dnspceyhd pgwhr. Zlh wes jeccn`f upg` N`je`- N`je` - ihhtn`fs wntl ygur n`ntneths. N„i jg`jhr`hd tlet tlns iey dnstrejt tlhi
dhsjh`t Ohrtre`d dh Fryi, petrnerjl g tlh Zuiihr Jepntec g tlh  rgi tlhnr chssg`s.
chssg`s.’’  
@ncfeerdne` Hipnrh. Fcy``ns ndcy wg`dhrhd n tlet wes lns fnvh` `eih –Zurhcy gutsndh tlhnr studnhs, ygur studh`ts„ tnih„s tlhnr gw`7 N„d
gr edgpthd rgi tlh jnty tg jhih`t lns pgsntng`. levh tlguflt gph`n`f tlhnr in`ds tg ecc tlh pgssnoncntnhs tlhnr tech`ts
Dh Fryi„s study wes e ihdchy g rnjl, lg`hyhd tg`hs e`d pcusl iey gflhr wgucd oh g n`thrhst tg ygu7 X`chss, g jgursh, ygu her tlh
jgigrt. Oggkslhcvhs cn`hd g`h wlgch wecc, ſtcchd wntl chetlhr-ogu`d jgiphtntng`.’ 
trhetnshs e`d jgcchjtng`s g shrig`s. Th wn`dgws„ suotch tn`t tlrhw Thrh wes e sinch n` tlh ie`„s vgnjh, out nt dnd`„t qunth tgujl lns
 fgcdh` cnflt
cnflt ejrgss
ejrgss tlh rggi, e`d
e`d tlhy whrh tltlnjk
njk h`gufl
h`gufl tlet
tlet tlh sstrhht
trhht hyhs. Fcy``ns `hercy rgcchd lhrs, rhusn`f tg sthp n`tg tlh trep. _hsphjt
`gnsh jgucd`„t h`thr tlns se`jtuery. Th N`je`dhsjh`t wes er eogvh tlh tlh ie` wlg jgucd run` ygur rhputetng` grhvhr...gr wgrsh.
 phtty jg`jhr`s g tlh pgpucejh.
pgpucejh. –N wgucd `gt drhei g suffhstn`f wh jgiphth gr tlhsh jlncdrh`.
Fcy``ns snflhd n`werdcy, wlhrh nt wgucd`„t slgw. Th jle`tn`f g tlh  Ihrhcyy tlet oy slgwn`f tlhi e dnflhrh`t
 Ihrhc dnflhrh`t ihtlgd g wnhcdn`f Iefnj,
shrvnjh dh Fryi led ohh` prhsndn`f gvhr led cg`f sn`jh edhd. Zlh rhjgf- tlhy iey ohjgih jg`ushd et e jrntnjec igih`t tg tlh dhtrnih`t g
`nzhd tlh dhcey gr wlet nt wes; `gt e pgwhr-pcey, tlet nipcnhd jgiphtn- tlhishcvhs e`d tlgsh ergu`d tlhi.’ 
tng`. Lh wes iekn`f jhrten` Fcy``ns k`hw wlhrh slh, e`d oy hxth`sng`, –Iy dher Fcy``ns, n tlhy„rh dnstrejthd n` ygur chssg`s,
c hssg`s, phrle
phrleps
ps tlet„s
lhr sjlggc, stggd n` tlh fre`d sjlhih. Zgihtln`f slh led cher`hd gvhr e snf` tlhy„rh ohtthr sunthd tg e jerhhr wntln` tlh Jlurjl. Vh whcjgih
lhr twg jh`turnhs; luie`s dnd cnkh tg esshrt tlhnr dgin`e`jh. ecc trucy quhstng`n`f in`ds lhrh, e`d tlh Frhet Zu` je` weri tlhnr
 Ehr rguflcy e`gtlhr efh g tlh wgrcd, tlh dggr gph`hd e`d n` lherts e`d hhd tlhnr sgucs n` e wey dry oggk-cher`n`f `hvhr jgucd.’ Lh
strgdh tlh fh`tchie` lnishc. N`je`dhsjh`t Ohrtre`d wes tecc, sgcndcy
ounct, e`d wntl e ejh must cn`hd h`gufl tg jg`vhy e` enr g eutlgrnty hxein`hd e freph her
–^gu `hhd`„t e`d pgpphd nt n`
tlet tlhy lnswesth
wncc igutltlhnr
ohgrh jg`tn`un`f,
iefnjec tech`ts, er
e`d e` hxprhssn
hxprhssng`
g` g oh`hvgch`t jg`dhsjh`sng
jg`dhsjh`sng`. `.  rgi nt! Oy dhcnvhrn`f inrejchs tg tlh phgpch, wh slgw tlh pgwhr e`d
 Et ſtrst
ſtrst fc
fcnip
nipsh
sh lns len
lenrr eppherh
eppherhd
d e sncky
sncky,, ﬏gwn`f
﬏gwn`f fg
fgcdh`
cdh` oocg`d
cg`dh,
h, ec
ecc c - rnflthgus`hss g tlh truh entl. Th whcc-tren`hd in`d, sjlggchd n` tlh
n`f tg lns slgucdhrs, out es lh h`thrhd lns rggi, lh cnhd tlh jhrhig`nec rntuecs g tlh Jlurjl, je` oh e ohejg` g slhcthrn`f pgwhr e`d slgw tlh
wnf gfl e`d pesshd nt oejk tg lns shrve`t wntlgut e fce`jh. Th ygutl oh`hvgch`jh g tlh Hiphrgr. ^gu Fwhnsg` Leuc typhs erh, phrleps, e
siggtlhd e hw strey lenrs e`d sht tlh wnf jerhuccy upg` tlh ste`d g` cnttch tgg de`fhrgus tg hvhr trucy lgcd tlh trust g tlh pgpucejh.’ 
tlh N`je`dhsjh`t„s dhsk. Znch`tcy, tlh shrve`t dhperthd out ecigst et g`jh N k`gw e jceip-dgw` wlh` g`h ns tlrheth`hd, Ohrtre`d, `hvhr
rhtur`hd wntl e our`nslhd sncvhr trey, ohern`f e jereh g wn`h, fcesshs,  her.. N je` ecsg spgt e` gph`n`f.
 her gph`n`f.
e`d e ietjln`f sncvhr runt oeskht cedh` wntl gre`fhs e`d fgcdh` frephs.
–N efrhh! Th tren`hd in`d, wntl prgphr funde`jh, ns eosgcuthcy tlh
Thy erre`fhd tlhsh g` tlh jh`trec teoch wntl prejtnjhd sphhd ohgrh
ndhec tggc gr ogtl gur `hhds. N ihrhcy her tlet ygur n`ntneths, hrvh`t
rhtrhetn`f, ogwn`f tg tlh N`je`dhsjh`t„s oejk es lh hxein`hd lnishc n`
tlgufl tlhy erh, iey `gt oh su﬊jnh`tcy hxphrnh`jhd tg dhcnvhr tlh dhtenchd
tlh inrrgr.
n`strujtng` iy studh`ts rhqunrh n` dhjndn`f wlhrh tlhnr tech`ts trucy cnh.’ 
–Zg, Dnrhjtgr Qer rhler`h—Fcy``ns7 Vlet orn`fs ygu tg iy
–Iey N, tlhrhgrh, prgpgsh e jgiprginsh, N`je`dhsjh`t7 N wgucd
luioch sunth7 El, pchesh, snt. Lhcp ygurshc tg wn`h e`d runt, ygu cggk
`gt drhei g pcejn`f oerrnhrs ohtwhh` iy pupncs e`d tlh Jlurjl out
n` `hhd g rhrhslih`t.’ 
Lh fhsturhd tg tlh siecchr g twg erijlenrs, tekn`f tlh igrh jgi-  phrleps grfe`nzhd
grfe`nzhd jcesshs wn
wntl
tl ygur rhprhsh`t
rhprhsh`tetnvhs,
etnvhs, iekn`f ush gg gur
cher`n`f ejncntnhs, wgucd oh chss ed lgj tle` ygu`f prhejlhrs prejtnj -
igdngus shet gppgsnth e`d shc-jg`sjnguscy strenflth`n`f lns ohcthd rgoh n`f g` jlncdrh` hvh` ygu`fhr tle` tlhishcvhs7’ 
g g﬊jh. Th stych ch eipch rggi et tlh jlhst tg slgw tlh tencgrn`f g
Dh Fryi che`hd grwerd, e ohetnſtj
ohetnſtj sinch g` lns ejh.
lns derk vhcvht dguocht e`d tlh lhevy pgrjhcen` iesk tlet wes ogtl e
–Iy dher fnrc, tlet„d oh ndhec! Th dnflhrh`t eris g tlh Jlurjl je`
syiogc e`d jhrhig`nec wher. w her. Th sln
sln`y
`y wlnth ejh wntl nts fgcd-rniihd
fgcd-r niihd
gflhr tlhnr thejln`f, ſt`dn`f tlgsh eig`f ygur studh`ts, fnhd wntl tlh
hyhs e`d reyhd Zu` upg` tlh grhlhed sterhd et Fcy``ns. Zlh dnd es
ochssn`fs g tlh dnvn`h wlnch tlhy„rh stncc ygu`f. Nt„cc oh snipcnjnty ntshc
rhquhsthd, pgurn`f e ihesurh g tlh pech wn`h, tlh muf jlncchd h`gufl
tg ndh`tny tlgsh ohtthr sunthd tg e cnh g shrvnjh, rhhn`f ygu e`d ygurs
tg chevh e slhh` g wethr g` lhr le`d. Znttn`f ogct uprnflt n` lhr jlenr,
tg dhec wntl tlgsh gr wlgi tlh jg`ſt`hs g ygur chssg`s erh e ohtthr ſtt.
slh frnpphd tlh sthi g lhr fcess e`d trnhd tg eppher jgipgshd.
N„cc sphek wntl iy suogrdn`eths e`d iekh erre`fhih`ts niihdnethcy’ 
–N`je`dhsjh`t
–N`je `dhsjh`t Ohrtre`d, tle`k ygu gr efrhhn`f tg ihht wntl ih. N
Fcy``ns slnhd e cnttch u`jgigrteocy, –Thsh jcesshs wgucd `hhd
vecuh tlh rnh`dcy rhcetng`s ohtwhh` Fwhnsg` Leuc e`d tlh jlurjl, e`d
suphrvnsng` oy tutgrs rgi Fwhnsg` Leuc, N`je`dhsjh`t’ 
nt ns rhferdn`f iy sjlggc N wnsl tg sphek.’ 
Lh wevhd lns le`d, orusln`f lhr jg`jhr` esndh.
–N`dhhd7 Erh ygu hxphrnh`jn`f dn﬊juctnhs7 N„i surh tlh wgrk ygu
dg tlhrh ns epprhjnethd.’ Dh Fryi pgurhd e cerfh fcess g wn`h, s`effhd –^hs, yhs, N„i surh ygu je` erre`fh tlet gr ygurshc. @gw, n ygu„cc
e hw frephs, e`d rhcexhd n`tg lns jlenr. hxjush ih, N levh tg etth`d e ihhtn`f g tlh cgjec ce`dgw`hrs.  hdngus,
hdngus,
–@g dn﬊juctnhs—`gt yht, et chest’ Jerhuc wgie`; rhihiohr, tlh out tlet ns tlh prnjh g`h peys tg ejjgipcnsl fggd wgrks, e`d tlns n`thr -
n`thr -
vnhw les ru` e cnttch cg`fhr tle` N hxphjthd.’ 
jlurjl ns `hvhr n` tlh wrg`f. –Nt ns eogut sgih g iy studh`ts.’ 
Th N`je`dhsjh`t dgw`hd lns wn`h n` e igutluc, rgsh e`d, sinc-
–_eiou`jtngus ygu`f ceds7’ Eiushih`t ſtcchd dh Fryi„s wgrds.
n`f, n`dnjethd tlh dggr. Igih`ts cethr, Fcy``ns wes ste`dn`f n` e sterk
–N„i `gt surh N je` lhcp ygu n tlhy„rh cejkn`f prgphr dnsjnpcn`h.’ 
stg`h leccwey, es tlh shrve`t wenthd tg hsjgrt lhr gut. Gfl-oece`jh e`d
Fcy``ns stggd g` e rhtgrt, khhpn`f lhr tg`h chvhc. Th sthi g tlh
 wrg`f-ggthd,
wrg`f-ggthd, nt ch lhr wg`dhrn`f es tg hxejtcy wlet slh led efrhhd.

84
 88
 

Drunds Drunds ga tlh

Jg`tn`h`t
–^gu iey, dher rhedhr, oh
Drunds erh esjn`etn`f out tlhy rhin`d ih lgw er rgi
rgi tlh `eturec wgrcd thipthd tg pgn`t tg tlh hw

gur jnvncnzetng` les orguflt us. Rrhdetgr e`d prhy, drguflt e`d ﬏ggd, jnrjchs g drunds prhsh`t
g` tlh Jg`tn`h`t. N wgucd
ie` e`d ohest; tlhsh erh tlh jg`jhr`s g tlh drunds e`d tlhnr rntuecs erh oh qunjk tg ih`tng` tlet
tle`ks tg tlh revefhs g
sterk es e ocggdnhd e`f n` tlhnr ien`th`e`jh g tlh oece`jh. tlh @ncfeerdne` Ver,
ie`y erhes g wncdhr`hss
∟Fcy``ns ver rhler`h
rhler`h levh ohh` dhstrgyhd e`d
cnkhcy ie`y drunds levh
ohh` ru` gut gr kncchd. Es
g yht, gur rhsherjl suf-
 fhsts tlet tlh frhet gek
Ochgolhrns survnvhs wntl
tlh drunds tlet th`d nt.
Out e` hxphdntng` ohyg`d
Ie`y phgpch, @grtl e`d Zgutl, wlg je``gt Kgvnrn ihrjle`ts levh ih`tng` dhecn`fs wntl
tlh rg`t cn`h ns sgihtln`f
ush iefnj her nt gr nts pgwhr e`d pgth`tnec drunds ejrgss tlh Drefg` Igu`ten`s e`d tlhrh N ei igst dhſt`nthcy `gt
insush. Tns ns e sh`snoch her. Out tlhy her erh `uihrgus stgrnhs g trevhchrs h`jgu`thrn`f n`thrhsthd
n`thrhsthd n`.
tlh ﬏esly iefhs e`d tlh ocggd-e`d-tlu`dhr lhrints cnvn`f n` tlh dhhp grhsts g tlh Jg`- 󰀩Ore`dg` g Gxh`urt
prhejlhrs. Ecc tlns tnih drunds erh we`dhr- tn`h`t. Vntl ecc g tlns, dg ygu trucy ohcnhvh
n`f tlrgufl tlh wggds, teckn`f tg trhhs, e`d tlet tlhrh erh sg hw jnrjchs g drunds7
dr unds7 N ohcnhvh
le`d-rensn`f oeoy ou``nhs, gr wlethvhr hcsh tlhrh erh er igrh tle` wh k`gw, prgoeocy n` Ore`dg`„s Drund
tlhy dg. @g g`h k`gws hxejtcy lgw ie`y tlh dhhp grhsts g E`frh`, Kehdwh`, gr gtlhr Thgrnhs
Jnrjchs g Drunds hxnst tlhsh deys out tlhrh spershcy pgpucethd `etng`s. N lher tlh erfuih`t
–^e iey levh `gtnjhd,
erh cnkhcy hwhr `gw tle` ohgrh tlh Ver. tlet luie`kn`d ns pusln`f oejk tlh ogu`der-
Ore`dg`„s fgt sgih gpn`-
nhs g tlh wncd e`d tlet tlh grhsts erh dwn`- ng`s eogut drunds. Lhl,
Drundnsi ns`„t strnjtcy e rhcnfng`. Thy dg
dcn`f. Lgwhvhr,
Lgwhvhr, tle`ks tg tlh wers, vnccefhs g` N„d sey nt„s ecc eogut tlh
`gt prgshcytnzh gr jg`vhrts e`d tlhy dg `gt
tlh hdfhs g tlh frhet grhsts erh dhstrgyhd oy gutcggk. Rhrsg`eccy, N„vh
lgcd shrvnjhs. Thy erh prgthjtgrs g tlh ce`d erinhs e`d ie`y g tlh jgu`trysndh„s n`leon- `hvhr jerhd tlet iujl
ntshc,
g e`ygrdrunds
slgucdgN tlh
sey,dhshrts,
grhsts. iggrs,
N„i `gtgrewerh
oer- te`ts levh dhshrthd tlhnr eris gr tlh sehty g  gr “prgfrhss„
“prgfrhss„ e`d “sgjnhty„
“sgjnhty„
jnty weccs. N wgucd `gt oh surprnshd tg ſt`d tlet e`d ecc tlgsh lnfl-in`dhd
lnfl-in`dhd
rh` igu`ten` tgps. Thy levh `g ſtxhd thi- ndhes. Lhl, N ye esk ih,
tlhrh erh shjts g drunds shhkn`f tg rhjceni tlh
pchs gr lgushs g lhecn`f, prhhrrn`f n`sthed tlh Drunds erh must sgih
grhsts e`d ce`ds tlet luie`nty juctnvethd sg  gcks tryn`„
tryn`„ tg uplgcd
tg fetlhr ergu`d e`jnh`t trhhs e`d ste`dn`f cg`f efg. tlh gcd weys e`d khhp
stg`hs. Thnr jnrjchs, u`dhr tlh jg`trgc g e luie`s rgi run`n`„ tlh
Drunds, wlh` h`jgu`thrhd, eppher tg
Lnhrgple`t (iech) gr Acein`nke (hiech) tekh ce`d gr hvhryogdy. Out
oh snipch jlncdrh` g `eturh. Rrgthjtn`f tlh
pcejh dhhp n` grhsts. Nt wgucd oh hesy tlh` tg Ore`dg`„s ecc eogut “jnvn-
grhst jrheturhs e`d wrntn`f ie`y effrnhvhd
sey tlhy iust oh g` tlh dhjcn`h. cnzetng`„ e`d “edve`jn`f„
chtthrs tg cgjec eutlgrntnhs ecc tlh wey up tg sgjnhty. N„d fuhss tg lni
Lgwhvhr, tlhrh erh stncc ie`y dhhp grhsts tlh kn`fs. Thnr jeush ns tg jerh gr tlh wncds tlh drunds erh e tlrhet tg
tlet dgt tlh Jg`tn`h`t e`d ie`y g tlhi slgw e`d prgigth oece`jh ohtwhh` g `eturh. ecc tlet. Zhhis tg oh tlh
snf`s g iefnjec ohn`fs wntln` tlhi. Nt ns `gt Ie`y iey `hvhr shh tlhi es tlhy fg eogut wey g tln`fs gr pch`ty
ohyg`d tlh rheci g pgssnoncnty tlet tlhrh erh ien`ten`n`f tlh oece`jh dhhp n` tlh grhsts. g gcks. Th drunds erh e
drunds wlg eccy tlhishcvhs wntl tlh dryeds g Gtlhrs, N levh lherd, erh n` `hercy jg`ste`t rhin`dhr g tlh gcd weys
tlh Orgkncg` grhst gr phrleps lndh eig`fst e`d tlhy ste`d n` tlh wey
jg`tejt wntl nsgcethd grhst jgiiu`ntnhs. Nt
g prgfrhss.’ 
tlh ogfs e`d inrhs g E`frh` gr tlh lnfl shhis tlet wlhrh luie`nty n`thrshjts igrh
󰀩_gdgc Kezihr
igu`ten` wggdce`d g tlh Ocuh Igu`ten`s. tlgrguflcy wntl tlh wncd e`d tlh ruch g kn`fs

81
ns whekhst, tlh drunds tekh nt upg` tlhishcvhs tg edmudn-
jeth dnspuths e`d shttch querrhcs. Th igst vnsnoch g tlhsh
drunds erh n` Zkhccnfh wlhrh tlhy erh hvh` jg`sucthd g`
tlh esjh`sng` g tlh `hxt kn`f. Th ohccnfhrh`t Zkhccnfhrs
cnvh jcgsh tg tlh ce`d. Thy erh igrh cnkhcy tg ſtsl e`d rend
tle` try tg suoduh `eturh. Drunds je` e`d dg iekh tlhsh
cnvhcnlggds sehr oy eflhjtn`f tlh whetlhr e`d tlh she. Th
Lnhrgple`t g tlns jnrjch wes et g`h tnih e ihiohr g tlh
jgurts g ogtl Zkhccnfh e`d Jn`tre. N niefn`h drundnj iefnj
ns e frhet end g` she rends tg @ncfeerd. G` tlh gtlhr le`d,
n` E`frh`, wlh`hvhr tlhrh erh insleps e`d ejjndh`ts n`
tlh cgffn`f jeips drundnj iefnj ns oceihd.
Th iefnj g tlh drunds ns snincer tg tlh iefnj
i efnj g Ihcnthch
e`d Arhye. Out es prgthjtgrs g tlh grhsts e`d tlh oece`jh,
tlhy erh ettu`hd tg igoncnzh tlh pgwhrs g wn`d e`d wevh,
e`d ecc cnvn`f tln`fs. N` tlns wey tlhnr sphccs erh e cnttch cnkh
tlh n`vgjetng`s g tlh prnhsts hxjhpt tlet wlet tlhy wgrslnp
ns prnihvec cnh ntshc. Thy ecsg ie`nhst iefnj tlrgufl tlh
ush
gjusgiefnj
snfncs,g`
syiogcs n`sjrnohd
tlet spgt. n` gh`
Thsh erh tlh enrprgthjtng`s
gr g` gomhjts tg
g tlet
shjtng` g tlh grhst tlet niphdh tlgsh wlg iey jgih tg
cggt e`d dhstrgy tlh pce`ts e`d e`niecs. N„vh lherd tlet tlhy
ush tlns kn`d g prgthjtng` et tlh orhhdn`f snths g h`de`-
fhrhd e`niecs e`d tlh lhedwethrs g secig` strheis. Dg
`gt tgujl gr dhejh tlhsh snfncs es tlhy erh send tg oh eoch tg
prgthjt tlhishcvhs.
Drunds dg `gt dnstn`funsl ohtwhh` luie`s, hcvhs,
dwervhs, gr gtlhr hcdhrgck. Thy sey tlet tlhnr iefnj ns
gcdhr tle` tlh hcvhs, tlet nt wes lhrh ohgrh tlh dwervhs, e`d
wncc rhien` wlh` tlhy erh fg`h. Thrh ns `g vhrnſteoch rhhr-
h`jh tg drunds sejrnſtjhs e`y cnvn`f tln`f, n`jcudn`f luie`s.
Tgufl N wgucd `gt put nt pest tlhi.
—Ore`dg` g Gxh`urt
Th Lnstgry ga Drunds
Meihs _uus g Gxh`urt, e sjlgcer wrntn`f cg`f efg ohgrh
tlh X`nvhrsnty wes grieccy hsteocnslhd wrgth= –Ehr tlh
slnps ce`dhd e`d luie`s sprhed gut n`tg tlh derk grhsts
g tlh rnvhr vecchys, tlhy jeih ejrgss stg`h ecters e`d jrudh
stg`h erjlhs jh`thrhd ergu`d lufh gek trhhs. Th snfncs e`d
wrntn`f g` tlhsh stg`hs ns es g yht stncc u`dhjnplhreoch out
wh ohcnhvh tlet tlhy whrh jrhethd oy tlh Vgzfgr gr e`gtlhr,
hercnhr luie` pgpucetng` wlnjl led dnhd gut prngr.’
Vlnch vhry cnttch g tlns n`grietng` je` oh suoste`tn-
ethd, ruigrs phrsnst tlet drunds levh ohh` g` tlh jg`tn`h`t
er cg`fhr tle` luie`nty. Thy levh ecweys cnvhd epert
rgi jntnhs es tlhy vecuh tlh phejh e`d lerig`y g tlh wncd
ce`ds. Thsh ruigrs suffhst tlet n` tlh hercy deys, must ehr
tlh Jg`mu`jtng`, ihiohrs g hercnhr luie` sgjnhtnhs sujl
es tlh Deuk e`d Vgzfgr, ohjeih drunds. Dhhp n` tlh gr-
hsts tlhsh drunds grihd jnrjchs, chd oy e Lnhrgple`t
Lnhrgple`t (iech)
gr e Acein`nke (hiech) surrgu`dn`f e`jnh`t e`d vh`hreoch
gek trhhs. Thy slhplhrdhd tlh `eturec wgrcd e`d fundhd
siecc jgiiu`ntnhs g luie`s ergu`d tlh de`fhrs g tlh
Jg`tn`h`t tg khhp tlhi rgi ohn`f dhstrgyhd. Iujl cnkh
tlh rhst g tlh hercy luie`s tlh ſt`ec eth g tlhsh sphjucethd
drunds ns cerfhcy u`k`gw` out igdhr` sjlgcers ohcnhvh tlet
tlhy ch snf`s g tlhnr prhsh`jh eig`f tlh ih`lnrs g tlh
Deuk e`d Vgzfgr
Vgzfgr wlnjl jerrnhd grwerd tlhnr thejln`fs.
Vlh` tlh `hxt wevh g luie`s jeih tg tlh Jg`tn`h`t tlhy
ejhd tlh seih lersl jg`dntng`s e`d whrh ecsg prhyhd upg`
oy tlh ie`y ig`sthrs tlet prgwchd tlh ce`d. N` rhspg`sh,
tlh drunds g tlns hre tggk up tlh seih ie`tch tlet tlh dru-
nds g gcd wgucd levh, etthiptn`f tg strnkh e oece`jh ohtwhh`
eccgwn`f `eturh tg ru` nts jgursh e`d stgppn`f luie`nty rgi
ohn`f utthrcy
ig`sthrs wnphd
g tlh gut. Thsh
Jg`mu`jtng` es drunds dnd tg
e`etlhie `gt shh jeush
tlhnr ecc g e`d
tlh
phrjhnvhd sgih g tlhi es `hw ejhts g `eturh. Vlnch tlhy
wgucd scey ig`sthrs tg prgthjt tlh oece`jh g `eturh, tlhrh
whrh vhry hw tlet jg`sndhrhd tlh hxnsth`jh g tlh ig`sthrs
tg oh u``eturec. Igrh gh`, drunds tggk up rgchs es edvnsgrs
tg jlnhen`s, sefhs wlg khpt tlh k`gwchdfh g tlhnr phgpch, gr
lhechrs g tlh ncc.
Es luie`nty sprhed ejrgss tlh ce`d, ohfn``n`f tg ouncd
jntnhs, eris, in`hs, e`d gtlhr gu`detng`s g jnvncnzhd sgjn-
hty, tlh drunds„ rgch ohfe` tg jle`fh. Luie`s whrh `g cg`-
fhr n` `hhd g prgthjtng` e`d n`sthed, gtlhr esphjts g `eturh
whrh ohn`f h`jrgejlhd upg` oy luie`nty. Th drunds jgu`-
shchd tlh ruchrs g luie`nty tg stgp tlhnr rhjkchss hxpe`sng`
out tlhy whrh ceohchd es –erjlenj’ e`d ejjushd g scgwn`f tlh
prgfrhss g sgjnhty. Fredueccy, tlhnr pcejh n` sgjnhty wes tekh`
gvhr oy iefhs wlg whrh igrh prefietnj e`d chss n`thrhsthd n`
prhshrvn`f tlh oece`jh. Oy tlh ohfn``n`f g tlh 5:tl jh`tury,
tlh drunds led ohh` puslhd gut, rhchfethd tg tlhnr rhigth jnr-
jchs, dhhp n` tlh wncd.
Gvhr tlh yhers, drunds wgrkhd tg rhfen` tlhnr n`﬏uh`jh
gvhr tlh jgurts g tlh Jg`tn`h`t out tlhnr pches th`dhd tg
ecc g` dhe hers es hw ig`erjls ohsndhs tlh kn`fs g Zkhc-
cnfh wgucd lect tlh prgfrhss g tlhnr `etng` gr e shhin`fcy
`houcgus, iystnjec oece`jh. Oy tlh yher 5?6?, tlh iemgrnty
g drund cnvh n` tlhnr jnrjchs, th`dn`f tg tlh surrgu`dn`f
wncdcnh, jgiiu`n`f wntl tlh `eturec wgrcd, e`d sh`dn`f
jlestnsn`f inssnvhs tg kn`fs, ihrjle`ts, e`d iefhs wlg erh
dhspgncn`f `eturh, uccy k`gwn`f tlet tlhy cejk tlh rhsgurjhs
gr n`﬏uh`jh tg dg iujl eogut tlhsh
tlhs h n`mustnjhs.
 

86

yphs ga Drunds
Th phgpch wlg ohjgih drunds erh ecc drew`
tg tlh wncd n` sgih wey. Out tlhrh erh ie`y
typhs g drunds. Th ﬏hdfcn`f
﬏hdf cn`f drund wncc frev-
nteth tg tlh cnhstych tlhy rhqunrh.
Th drund tlet igst phgpch hxphjt ns e
sleooncy drhsshd shrve`t g tlh wggdce`d,
ste`dn`f n` tlh wey g sgjnhty e`d tryn`f tg
dref hvhryg`h oejk tg tlh gcd weys. Thy
levh e dhhp jg``hjtng` tg e pertnjucer gr-
hst e`d sph`d e cgt g tnih ihdntetn`f tg oh
n` tgujl wntl tlh wggds. N` tlhnr sperh tnih
tlhy iey gsthr ew`s gr jerh gr ygu`f jlnc-
drh` wlg levh ohjgih cgst. Thy rhien`
shpereth rgi luie` sgjnhty e`d g`cy jgi-
iu`njeth wntl tlh gtlhr drunds g tlhnr jnrjch.
Vlh` tlhy dg jgiiu`njeth wntl gutsndhrs

nt
n`fnstlet
usueccy oy wey g
e shttchih`t cg`fnt„schtthrs
jhesh dhie`d-
cgffn`f, lu`t-
n`f, treppn`f gr gtlhr revefhs g tlh `eturec
wgrcd. E`d tlhrh erh sgih drunds cnkh tlet.
Xsueccy, tlhy erh phgpch wlg levh hsjephd
rgi dhsphreth cnvhs n` luie` sgjnhty, e`d
tlhy wnsl tg niihrsh tlhishcvhs es dhhpcy es
pgssnoch n` tlh tre`quncnty g e lhectly grhst.
Thsh erh tlh drunds tlet wncc igst dnsjgur-
efh luie` shttchih`t n` tlh grhst, ohcnhvn`f
tlet luie`s levh gutfrgw` tlhnr pcejh n`
`eturh e`d iust oh stgpphd rgi hxpe`d-
n`f urtlhr. Th erhes ergu`d tlhnr ihhtn`f

frgvh iey oh
rgi tlgr`y sht wntl
oreiochs `eturec dhthrrh`ts
tg nrrntetn`f pce`t-cnh
out tlhsh dhthrrh`ts erh rerhcy tgg de`fhrgus.
N` rerh jeshs, es tlhsh drunds erh puslhd er-
tlhr e`d ertlhr n`tg tlh wncds, tlhy stert tg
dhvhcgp e pere`gnd gutcggk wlnjl je` iekh
tlhi de`fhrgus. Thrh erh ruigrs g drunds
wlg tekh e igrh –ejtnvh’ rgch n` tlh prgthj-
tng` g `eturh= ejjgstn`f lu`thrs e`d cuiohr-
 mejks wlg h`thr tlhnr wggds, cnfltn`f ſtrh tg
cuiohryerds e`d lu`tn`f cgdfhs, e`d usn`f
tlhnr iefnj tg hipgwhr tlh ce`d tg ſtflt gr
ntshc. Thsh ruigrs erh ecigst h`tnrhcy eorn-

jetng`s,
cggkn`f jg`jgjthd
tg dhig`nzh oy tlh
ihrjle`ts e`d `gochs
`eturh prnhsts, out
hvhry hw dhjedhs
dhj edhs e siecc frgup g tlhsh igrh
nsgcethd drunds fhts hd up wntl tlh eionve-

8<
ch`jh g luie`nty. Nt„s `gt usueccy cg`f ohgrh tlh drunds n`
quhstng` erh ru` gut gr kncchd out tlhy chevh e frhet dhec g
jlegs n` tlhnr wekh wlnjl uhcs tlh ruigrs g wncd, de`fhr-
gus grhst phgpch. Ohn`f tredntng`eccy pejnſtsts, tlh iemgrnty
g drunds jg`sndhr tlhsh hjg-werrngrs tg oh de`fhrgus redn-
jecs, wlg levh cgst snflt g tlh wey g `eturh.
Th iemgrnty g drunds,
dr unds, lgwhvhr, erh phejhuccy, prejtnjec
sthwerds g `eturh wlg prhhr tlh tre`quncnty g tlh grhst
e`d hhc rhspg`snoch gr tlh jrheturhs wlg cnvh tlhrh. Thy
erh prgdnfngus weckhrs e`d erh eincner wntl hejl trhh e`d
dhcc, sgihtnihs secutn`f tlhi oy `eih. Thsh n`dnvnduecs
jerh gr tlh grhst oy lhecn`f trhhs e`d e`niecs wntl iefnj,
lhroecnsi, e`d tlh ejjuiucethd cgrh g lu`drhds g yhers.
Thy ie`efh tlh frgwtl g tlh trhhs, ien`ten`n`f gph`n`fs
gr tlh siecc pce`ts tg frgw, pru`h oejk gr rhigvh dnsheshd
pce`ts, e`d ſt`d wethr n` tnihs g drguflt. Thy prgthjt tlh
frevhc ohds wlhrh tlh secig` spew` e`d drhss tlh wgu`ds g
n`murhd e`niecs, out tlhy dg `gt n`thrhrh wntl tlh rhcetng`s
ohtwhh` prhdetgr e`d prhy. Th g`cy tnih tlhsh drunds tekh
up eris ns wlh` tlh oece`jh g `eturh ns frhetcy tlrheth`hd.
N e frn﬊` igvhs n`tg tlhnr grhst, tlns ns tlh wey g `eturh.
Out n e ſth`d fhts cggsh n` tlh wggdce`d e`d dhvesteths th`s
g ejrhs g grhst, iessejrn`f e`ytln`f nt jgihs ejrgss, tlh`
tlh drunds wncc n`thrvh`h. Hvh` n` tlns drestnj jnrjuiste`jh,
tlh drunds wgucd ſtrst etthipt e`y ihe`s `hjhssery tg jeci
tlh ohest gr curh nt ewey, g`cy rhsgrtn`f tg vngch`jh es e cest
rhsgrt. Th drunds g tlh Jg`tn`h`t erh gh` jg`sndhrhd
pejnſtstnj tg e euct, cgetln`f tlh ndhe g tekn`f e cnh u``hj-
hsserncy. Thy erh gh` jg`th`t tg `ursh e`d ien`ten` tlhnr
frhet geks e`d pess dgw` tlh e`jnh`t wnsdgi g tlhnr phgpch
ph gpch
tlrgufl sg`fs e`d pghtry.
N` siecc, rurec jgiiu`ntnhs, drunds sgihtnihs stncc ien`-
ten` tlhnr e`jnh`t rgchs es spnrntuec chedhrs e`d jgu`shcgrs.
Vlnch tlhy ohcg`f tg e jnrjch, tlhy ihdneth ohtwhh` tlh vnc-
cefh e`d tlh grhst, iekn`f surh tlet tlh eri pcgts, jlerjgec
iekhrs, e`d ur lu`thrs dg `gt upsht tlh oece`jh e`d tlet
tlh `etnvh ohests g tlh grhst dg `gt thrrgrnzh tlh vnccefhrs.
Thy thejl tlh phgpch tlhnr grefn`f e`d lhecn`f sknccs, wly
dnflhrh`t e`niecs e`d pce`ts, hxnst e`d lgw tlhy jg`trnouth
tg tlh wlgch`hss g tlh grhst. Thy ochss tlh ſthcds ohgrh
pce`tn`f e`d ehr tlh lervhst e`d sgihtnihs ochss oeonhs n`
tlh `eih g tlh grhst. N` igst jeshs, tlhsh drunds erh ohtthr
hdujethd tle` tlh phgpch g tlh vnccefhs e`d tlhy khhp grec
lnstgrnhs g tlh
e` hdujetng` n shttchih`t. Th jlncdrh`
tlhy slgw n`thrhst, g tlh vnccefh
n`thccnfh`jh, e`d tlhrhjhnvh
eonc-
nty tg ihigrnzh cg`f pghis e`d sg`fs. Ie`y oerds fht tlhnr
stert tlns wey e`d trevhcn`f in`strhcs sgihtnihs vnsnt tlhsh
jnrjchs tg cher` tlh techs e`d chfh`ds g tlh ce`d.
Eig`f igst drund jnrjchs tlhrh erh g`h gr igrh drunds
tlet erh pertnjucercy fnhd wntl drundnj iefnj. Arhquh`tcy
tlhsh drunds rnsh tg oh tlh lnhrgple`t gr ﬏ein`nke, out `gt
ecweys. Thsh igrh iefnjeccy-n`jcn`hd drunds ush tlhnr jgi-
ie`d g `eturh tg lhcp tlhnr jnrjch ejlnhvh nts cerfhr fgecs
sujl es ouncdn`f se`jtuernhs gr h`de`fhrhd sphjnhs, rhfrgw-
n`f deiefhd wggdce`d, e`d juctnvetn`f stgrhs g lhros gr
lhecn`f secvhs. g tlh drund„s
drund„s wey g tln`kn`f,
tl n`kn`f, iefnj ns gu`d
n` tlh h`hrfy g tlh `eturh ns `gt e` ecnh` grjh tg oh herhd
gr jg`trgcchd. Hejl jnrjch les nts gw` iefnjec tredntng`s, e`d
nts gw` wey g utncnzn`f iefnj out u`cnkh gtlhr iefnj ushrs,
drunds dg `gt ﬏eu`t tlhnr eoncntnhs tg tlgsh gutsndh.
 

8>

Drundnj N`threjtng`s
Th drunds g tlh Jg`tn`h`t levh iujl tg gflhr e`d n` ie`y
jeshs tlhy erh wnccn`f tg gflhr tlhnr ogu`ty u`dhr tlh rnflt
jnrjuiste`jhs. Es cg`f es e shttchih`t ns wnccn`f tg gccgw
tlh gcd weys e`d lhcp ien`ten` tlh oece`jh g `eturh, igst
drund jnrjchs erh leppy tg th`d tg tlhnr wgu`dhd, lhcp tlhi
wntl tlhnr jrgps. Lgwhvhr, tlhnr steu`jl ohcnhs e`d rnfnd
jgdhs g jg`dujt gh` iekh n`threjtng` wntl gtlhr phgpch
trnjky.
Vlnch tlh drunds pgsshss frhet k`gwchdfh rhferdn`f jhr-
ten` esphjts g tlh `eturec wgrcd tlhnr k`gwchdfh ns sgih-
tnihs e`tnquethd e`d ie`y drunds erh u`wnccn`f tg ejjhpt
tlet ejt. Drundnj lhechrs sgihtnihs levh dnspuths wntl u`n-
 vhrsnty tren`hd
tr en`hd dgjtgrs wlg quhstng` tlhnr ihtlgds. Thsh
drunds shh tlhnr lhecn`f, wlhtlhr oy lhroecnsi, iefnj, gr
gck ihdnjn`h es e` n`dnsputeoch fn. Thy dg `gt esk wly
wlnth tlnstch iekhs jlncdonrtl hesnhr ohjeush tlhy k`gw nt
e`niecs `etnvh tg tlh ce`d pertneccy tle`ks tg tlh drunds.
Ihe`wlnch,
Ihe`wlnc h, gfl tlh jgest
jg est g tlh Jg`tn`h`t n` Zkhccnfh tlh phg-
pch levh ecweys cnvhd jcgsh tg tlh ce`d. Th wgrslnp g Arhye
jgipcnih`ts tlh drunds„ ohcnhs e`d tlh Jnrjch g Fhdy`hntl
ns g`h g tlh gcdhst g ecc tlh hxnstn`f jnrjchs. Th drunds g
tlet jnrjch k`gw ie`y whetlhr iefnjs e`d erh ecweys jg`-
sucthd ohgrh cerfh ﬏hhts tekh e`y ejtng`. Lnhrgple`t
Lnhrgple`t Hring`
wes ecsg e` nipgrte`t edvnsgr tg tlh rgyec eincy g Jn`tre
u`tnc tlh jgu`try wes gvhrru` oy @ncfeerd.
G` tlh gtlhr le`d, tlh drunds g E`frh` erh grhvhr jlec-
ch`fn`f tlh cgjecs eogut dhgrhstetng`. Vlh` u`dhr ettejk
oy tlh grhsthrs, tlh drunds g Jehd Dlu wntldrhw n`tg tlh

les
levhdg`h sg grThy
jle`fhd. fh`hretng`s
ien`ten`e`d
tlhtlhrh„
s `g rhesg`
k`gwchdfh gr tlet
g tlhnr tg
e`jhs-
tgrs e`d pess nt g`, u`quhstng`hd. Tns stuoogr` edlhrh`jh
tg tlh gcd weys je` drnvh igdhr` dgjtgrs tg dnstrejtng`,
hsphjneccy sn`jh igst gh` tlh drund„s
drund„s k`gwchdfh ns jgrrhjt.
Tns rnfnd gutcggk g` cnh les leiphrhd tlh drunds es
igst jnrjchs rhien` u`wnccn`f tg jgiprginsh wntl tlh
luie` sgjnhtnhs tlet h`jrgejl g` tlhnr grhsts. Ie`y jnr-
jchs levh ohh` dhstrgyhd oy wers, oy luie` hxpe`sng`,
e`d oy tlh dnstrust g tlh drunds oy tlgsh n` pgwhr. Thnr
sejrhd geks ecc, e`d wlnch sgih ſt`d e lgih n` e`gtlhr jnr-
jch, ie`y erh ch we`dhrn`f. Zgih g tlhsh dnspcejhd dru-
nds sph`d yhers trevhcn`f, sgih jerryn`f e` ejgr` g tlhnr
frhet gek n` tlh lgphs g pce`tn`f e `hw jnrjch n` sgih er
gfl ce`d wlhrh luie`nty iey `gt rhejl tlhi. Dhspnth tlh
dhstrujtng` g tlhnr jnrjchs, drunds dnspcejhd oy wer fh`hr-
eccy dg`„t
dg`„t lgcd e frudfh efen`st hntlhr perty n` tlh jg`﬏njt.
g tlhi, tlh wers refn`f ejrgss tlh Jg`tn`h`t erh `g dn-
hrh`t rgi tlh thrrntgry dnspuths ohtwhh` e`niecs n` tlh
wncd. Ehr ecc, es iujl es tlhy ſtflt tlh ndhe luie`s, hcvhs,
e`d ecc gtlhr sepnh`t rejhs erh e`niec must cnkh tlh wgcvhs
e`d dhhr.
Tgsh drunds wlg dg fht n`vgcvhd n` pgcntnjs erh hw
e`d er ohtwhh`. Es g tlh igih`t tlhrh erh g`cy twg
pcejhs wlhrh e drund ns eoch tg oh`d tlh her g e ig`erjl
tg e`y frhet dhfrhh. N` gussen`t, tlh Dujlhss E``e Lh`rn-
htte les snf`hd trhetnhs wntl tlh Jnrjch g Jehd Iyrkvnd,
eccgwn`f tlhi tg ejt es slhplhrds g tlh oheutnuc wncdcnh
g tlh rhfng`. gussen`t„s grhsts erh orhetltekn`f e`d tlhnr
eigus vn`hyerds frgw n` lerig`y wntl tlh pce`ts e`d
 

12

derk, de`fhrgus grhsts g sgutlhr` E`frh`.
Cgst Jnrjchs _uigrs steth
steth tlet tlhy led strujk e dhec wntl
tlh thrrnyn`f wncdcnh g tlh grhst e`d cui-
N` tlh wekh g tlh :rd ohrmejks gr lnrhd swgrds tlet gccgwhd tlhi
@grtlhr` Ver e `uiohr dnd`„t hihrfh u`sjetlhd. Hvh`tueccy tlh gr-
g siecchr drund jnrjchs
hsthrs sht ſtrh tg tlh grhst e`d wenthd gr tlh
levh ohh` Ntdhstrgyhd
uprggthd. ns lerd gr
tg drunds tg hihrfh. Thy whrh dnseppgn`thd es
sey lgw ie`y whrh dns- tlh drunds led s`ujk gut tlrgufl tlh tlnjkhst
turohd out tlh `uihr- grhst e`d trevhchd tg mgn` tlh jnrjch g Cgjl
gus rhufhhs ﬏gjkn`f tg Ig`dunr`; out tlet jnrjch ecsg hvh`tueccy hcc,
tlh frhet gek Ochgolhrns
grjn`f ie`y drunds tg trevhc sgutl tg shttch
wgucd n`dnjeth ie`y.
n` Jehd Iyrkvnd.
@gteocy, tlhrh erh `g drundnj jnrjchs
essgjnethd wntl tlh Dwervh` strg`flgcd g
Ielekei gr tlh Hcvh` ce`ds g Dgc Ocetl-
e``e. Ohsndhs tlet ejt tlet tlh Dwervh`
lgcds n` Ielekei levh cnttch `eturec vhfh-
tetng` tg prgthjt e`d tlh hcvhs tredntng`eccy
rejhs jgu`t tlhnr cnvhs n` jh`turnhs, tlhy erh
igrh prg`h tg tln`kn`f cg`f thri tle` tlh
slgrt cnvhd luie`s. Th dwervhs e`d hcvhs
erh ewerh g tlh cg`f thri hflhjts g gvhr-ler-
 vhstn`f tlh `eturec
` eturec wgrcd
wgrc d e`d erh iujl igrh
ig rh
cnkhcy tg cnvh tg shh tlgsh jg`shquh`jhs. g
jgioet tlns, ogtl rejhs dhvgth
dh vgth e frhet dhec g
hflgrt tg `eturec jg`shrvetng` iekn`f drunds
cerfhcy u``hjhssery.
Nt ns dn﬊juct tg thcc n tlhrh erh drund jnr-
jchs n` tlh @ncfeerdne` ce`ds ohsndhs Jehd
Iyrkvnd out n tlhrh erh tlet tlhy erh cnkhcy n`
Iehjlt, Hoon`f, gr Ief  urfe.
urfe. @ncfeerd iedh
swn wgrk g Iehjlt, evgndhd cerfh shjtng`s g
tlh Rhrhpcut iersl n` Hoon`f, e`d phejhuccy
eosgrohd Ief urfe. Ecc tlrhh prgvn`jhs levh
cerfh erhes g wncdhr`hss tlet jgucd hesncy lndh
e drund„s
drund„s jnrjch e`d n` igst jnrjuiste`jhs, tlh

dg `gt pertekh
dwervhs n` erin`f,
e`d hcvhs tlh jucturhs
dg`„t ch`d g tlh
tlhishcvhs tg @ncfeerdne`s
n` tlhnr ce`ds.shh
Tettlhohn`f
oh`hſttsend,
g levn`f drunds
@ncfeerdne`
tlh `hhd gr dhsnrh gr drunds. Dwervhs e`d g﬊jnecs wncc `gt lect tlhnr hxpe`sng` gr tlh
hcvhs ogtl rhsphjt `eturh e`d sgih rhvhrh sekh g tlh drunds. Ief urfe e`d E`frh`
De`e Ihedol out tlhy dg`„t n`lhrh`tcy shh erh ogtl nipgrte`t sgurjhs g cuiohr e`d grh
`eturh ntshc es dnvn`h gr wgrtly g wgrslnp. wlnjl erh ushd tlrguflgut tlh @ncfeerdne`
Eddntng`eccy, sn`jh ihiohr g ogtl hcdhr hipnrh.

–Thrh erh h`jcevhs g hcvhs wntln` tlh Hipnrh wlg

cerfhcy fgvhr` tlhishcvhs. Tgufl N levh `hvhr led
tlh gppgrtu`nty tg vnsnt tlhi, iy etlhr wgucd teck
eogut tlhi rgi tnih tg tnih. N je`„t sey tlet tlhy
levh drunds phr-sey out n` ie`y weys sgih hcvh` sef-
hs iey shhi snincer tg tlh drunds g tlh Jg`tn`h`t.’ 
—Fcy``ns ver rhler`h
 
15

Th Jnrjch ga Fwy` Jer` Th Dhetl ga

Fecvechsthntl
Ohyg`d tlh Drefg` Igu`ten`s cnhs e rgzh` ce`d g dhhp
dhh p grhsts e`d wn`dswhpt pcen`s. Th phgpch Th stgry g tlh dru-
wlg cnvh n` tlns ce`d, k`gw` es tlh –Rhgpch
–Rhgpch g tlh Aer @grtl’
@grtl’ erh g`cy hvhr shh` oy tlh ihrjle`ts nds sceyn`f tlh drhedhd
g Kgvnr e`d Rgvnss e`d tlh Lh`fgrs Chefuh. Hvhry `gw e`d efen` lu`thrs rgi tlh Aer @grtl wlnth drefg` Fecvechsth-
ntl les ohh` jgrrgogret-
jrgss tlh Drefg` Igu`ten`s tg tredh. N` tlhsh ornh ihhtn`fs tlhy eppher tg oh luie` wntl e hd oy et chest twg sjlgc-
sturdy epphere`jh e`d e frufl`hss tg tlhnr ie``hr. Nt ns jcher tg e`yg`h wlg ihhts e Aer @grtl- ers rgi Kgvnr & Rgvnss,
hr`hr tlet tlhy lenc rgi e` n`lgspnteoch rheci cnkhcy `gt ihe`t gr luie` shttchih`t. E`d tlns out nt ns wgrtl ih`tng`-
ns wlhrh tlh Jnrjch g Fwy` Jer` jgihs n`. n`f tlet tlns stgry wes
jnrjucethd tlrguflgut
N` igrh lgspnteoch thrren`, drunds ejt es tlh igdhretgrs g jnvncnzhd hxpe`sng`, khhpn`f tlh rhfng` durn`f e
luie`s e`d gtlhr rejhs rgi dhstrgyn`f tlh dhcnjeth oece`jh g tlh `eturec wgrcd. N` tlh Drefg` tnih wlh` tlh sceyn`f
Igu`ten`s e`d ohyg`d tlh rgch g tlhsh iefnj ushrs jle`fhs hvhr sg scnfltcy tg lhcp jnvncnzetng` g drefg`s wes shh` es
survnvh et rhcetnvh phejh wntl `eturh tlet wgucd
wgucd dhstrgy tlhi. Th Jnrjch g Fwy` Jer` ns cgjethd e vecne`t h`dhevgr u`-
dhhp n` tlh Drefg` Igu`ten`s, n` e derk jg`nhrgus grhst. Th drunds iekh tlhnr lgih n` vern- dhrtekh` oy frhet lhrghs
e`d nts sprhed wes cerfh-
gus `eturec slhcthrs ergu`d e trhih`dgus gek trhh jecchd Hcve`h`. Vlnch vhry hw k`gw lgw tlh cy suppgrthd oy tlh Mhw-
jnrjch wes gu`dhd, ie`y sjlgcers wlg levh n`threjthd wntl tlh jnrjch slerh e vefuh stgry tgcd tg hchr„s Funcd g Kgvnr &

tlhi
ejrgssoy
tlhtlh drundsIgu`ten`s
Drefg` eogut luie`e`d shttchrs g oy
whrh iht tlheDeuk
wlnth e`d Vgzfgr
drefg` jecchdsgjnhtnhs wlg trevhchd
Fecvechsthntl l ed`grtl
wlg led oh`t Rgvnss.
hd G`h wntl
n`thrvnhw dgjuih`t-
e dru-
tlh ohests g tlh igu`ten`s tg lhr wlni. Zphjnſtjs erh lezy out nt ns send tlet tlh ſtrst drunds g nd g tlh Jnrjch g Fwy`
tlh Jnrjch g Fwy` Jer` schw Fecvechsthntl n` dhh`sh g tlh vecchy e`d tlhnr orgtlhrs e`d snsthrs Jer` dghs hxnst wlnjl
shhis tg rhuth tlns stg-
e`d ournhd lhr ogdy wlhrh slh hcc rgi tlh sky. Es tlhy wetjlhd, e frhet gek sprguthd rgi tlh ry, jcenin`f tlet Fec-
ournec igu`d e`d frhw lnfl n`tg tlh sky, slhcthrn`f tlh trevhchrs rgi tlh s`gw. Th drunds led  vechsthntl, wes n`sthed
dg`h e frhet shrvnjh tg tlh spnrnt g tlh igu`ten`s e`d n` tur` tlh igu`ten`s led whcjgihd tlhi. e prgthjtnvh ohn`f wlg
E`d sg, tlh drunds jrhethd tlhnr lgih ergu`d tlh ournec igu`d e`d tlh frhet gek tg slhplhrd tlh strujk e pejt wntl tlh
Drefg` Igu`ten`s e`d ecc ohyg`d. drunds. N` rhtur` gr tlh
drunds cggkn`f ehr tlh
N` hercy yhers, nt„s sphjucethd tlet tlh drunds g Fwy` Jer` whrh n`struih`tec n` lhcpn`f tlh igu`ten`s Fecvechsthntl
shttchrs g tlh Aer @grtl survnvh n` tlh rgzh` wesths, thejln`f tlhi lgw tg cnvh n` lerig`y wntl eccgwhd tlh shttchrs tg
tlh de`fhrgus thrren` e`d slhcthrn`f tlhi efen`st dhedcy ig`sthrs e`d thrrnoch stgris. Nt ns send pess tlrgufl tlh igu`-
tlet tlns chd tg tlh igdhr` sgjnhty
sg jnhty g tlh phgpch g tlh Aer @grtl; gjushd g` lu`tn`f e`d fetlhr
fetlhr-- ten`s sehcy. N` tlns ej-
jgu`t tlh –Vlnth Ournec
n`f e`d vhry skncchd et trevhrsn`f tlh wncd tenfe. Th drunds wgrkhd chss tg rhnf` n` tlh hxpe`sng` Igu`d’ rgi wlnjl tlh
g jnvncnzetng` e`d igrh tg lhcp jnvncnzetng` cnvh n` rhcetnvh lerig`y wntl tlh ce`d wntl drunds Jnrjch fhts nts `eih wes
ejtn`f es trnoec jgu`jncgrs e`d spnrntuec chedhrs. Ie`y ohcnhvh tlet tlh luie`s wlg hxnst ohyg`d jrhethd tg lg`gr Fecve-
tlh Drefg` Igu`ten`s tgdey iey oh rhi`e`ts g tlh Deuk e`d Vgzfgr Vgzfgr wlg whrh slhplhrdhd oy chsthntl upg` lhr dhetl.
tlh grnfn`ec drunds g tlh jnrjch g Fwy` Jer` out tlet ns dn﬊juct tg sey es ogtl sgjnhtnhs eppher
tg levh hntlhr dnhd gut gr ohh` essnincethd oy tlh @grdcn`fs.
Vlh` igrh @grdcn`fs iedh tlhnr wey `grtl e`d ohfe` tg shttch n` tlh igu`ten`gus rhfng`s
tlet wgucd ohjgih Kgvnr & Rgvnss, tlhy jeih tg e trujh wntl tlh drunds wlg wgucd lhcp tlhi
tg shttch n` tlh igu`ten`s e`d fundh tlhi n` cnvn`f lerig`nguscy wntl `eturh. Lgwhvhr, tlns
efrhhih`t wgucd oh cerfhcy orgkh` wlh` frhet dhpgsnts g grh whrh gu`d u`dhr tlh igu`ten`s
e`d luie`s ohfe` vgrejnguscy in`n`f tlhi gut. @gw, tlh Drunds g Fwy` Jer` J er` cnvh dhhp n` tlh
igu`ten`s etthiptn`f
etthiptn`f tg rhn` n` in`n`f hflgrts oy tlh luie`s e`d ejncnteth n`threjtng`s ohtwhh`
tlh @grdcn`fs e`d tlh phgpch g tlh Aer @grtl.
 
1?

Gutsndhrs Th Jrgw Jce`

g ie`y drunds, tlh
Eig`f tlh drunds g Zkhccnfh tlhrh erh tlgsh wlg pusl tlh ogu`dernhs g iefnj, ohyg`d wlet
Jrgw Jce` Drunds erh
cerfhcy shh` es gutsnd- tlhnr orgtlhrs e`d snsthrs wgucd dhhi seh gr `hjhssery. Thsh drunds erh gh` eig`f tlh Jrgw

hrs. @gt tg ohout

gr dhig`nzhd herhd
`gt Jce`, e` u`grtlgdgx frgup g drunds wlg hxnst g` tlh gutsknrts g tlh Zkhccnfhr Drund jucturh.
Vlnch tlh drunds g tlh Jnrjch g Fhdy`hntl gjus tlhnr hflgrts g` tlh slhplhrdn`f g tlh `et-
`hjhsserncy trustwgrtly.
urec wgrcd e`d tlh jce`s g Zkhccnfh, tlh Jrgw Jce` shhis tg gjus h`tnrhcy g` e quhst gr hsgthrnj,
Hvh` gr drunds, wetjl-
n`f tlhnr kn` jewn`f e`d lnddh` k`gwchdfh. Drunds g tlns jce` ohcnhvh tlet tlh Drunds g Fhdy`hntl erh jgwerds wlg levh
slrnhkn`f et e onrd ns u`- jlgsh` tg jcgsh tlhnr in`ds e`d hxnst n` nf`gre`jh gr her g eccgwn`f tlhishcvhs tg oh h`cnflt-
shttcn`f. h`hd. Thy ohcnhvh tlet tlh wgrcd lgcds shjrhts yht u`dnsjgvhrhd oy luie`nty e`d tlet tlh khy
tg u`cgjkn`f tlhi ns n` jgiiu`ng` wntl tlh `goch jrgw. Th jrgw ste`ds es e` goshrvhr g tlh
Igrrnfe` wgrcd et cerfh, fetlhrn`f n` frhet ﬏gjks e`d slern`f k`gwchdfh g tlh wgrcd wh shh e`d tlh wgrcd
ohyg`d. Ejgcyths g tlh Jrgw Jce` erh qunjk tg jceni tlet iujl cnkh jets, wlnjl je` sh`sh e`d
Iujl es Arhye e`d Ihc-
nthch erh gh` jgiperhd eosgro eionh`t iefnj, jrgws tgg levh e gri g 1tl sh`sh wlnjl eccgws tlhi tg shh n`tg e rheci
oy Jg`tn`h`tec sjlgcers, ohyg`d luie` u`dhrste`dn`f.
tlh Jrgwigtlhr ns gh` g ogcsthr tlhnr jg``hjtng` tg tlh jrgws, Jrgw Jce` drunds study hxth`snvhcy n` ecjlhiy e`d
jgiperhd tg tlh e`jnh`t
Jrgw Jce` ecjlhinsts erh skncchd e`d gh` qunth rednjec, inxn`f hcnxnrs g tgxnj Jrgw„s Hyh _ln-
Jg`tn`h`tecIgrrnfe`
Igrrnfe`. fgddhss,
ns zgih e`d tryn`f tg etten` ecjlhinjeccy n`dujhd tre`jhs tg jgiiu`h wntl tlh onrds. Ie`y Jrgw
ecsg e fgddhss lhevncy es- Jce` Drunds wncc hvh` fg sg er es tg wgrk tnrhchsscy tg cher` tlh jgipchx ce`fuefh g tlh jrgws.
sgjnethd wntl jrgws e`d Nt„s `gt u`usuec tg ſt`d g`h g tlhnr `uiohr etthiptn`f tg jgiiu`njeth wntl e frgup g jrgws
lhr prniery thipch g` rggstn`f `heroy. Nt ns stncc cerfhcy u`k`gw` tg gutsndhrs lgw hflhjtnvh tlns jgiiu`njetng` ns, out
tlh Jg`tn`h`t ns cgjethd
tlh Jrgw Jce` dghs jceni tg levh fen`hd frhet n`snflt n`tg ietthrs ohyg`d luie` u`dhrste`dn`f.
ergu`d e cerfh sejrhd
trhh. Et tlns pgn`t, tlh Jrgw Jce`„s goshssng` wntl jrgws ns epperh`t out nts grnfn` ns`„t. Th gu`-
detng` g tlns goshssng` je` oh trejhd oejk tg tlh Acein`nke g tlh Jrgw Jce`, k`gw` es tlh
Jrgwigtlhr. Th Jrgwigtlhr ns e` e`jnh`t wgie` wlg les ohh` tlh Jrgw Jce`„s chedhr sn`jh
nts n`jhptng` jh`turnhs efg. Th Jrgwigtlhr ns cggin`f e`d rnflth`n`f, wntl hetlhrs sprgutn`f
rgi lhr skn` e`d sje`t jcgtln`f tlet epphers tg oh iedh g chetlhr wntl e phekhd lggd e`d e vhnc
jgvhrn`f tlh tgp g lhr ejh. g igst slh wgucd eppher ig`strgus out tg tlh Jrgw Jce` slh ns
tlhnr chedhr e`d e iethr`ec ſtfurh.

Th Jrgwigtlhr ns hesncy tlh gcdhst e`d igst pgwhruc Acein`nke n` rhjgrdhd lnstgry e`d
ruigrs eogu`d es tg lhr grnfn`. Zgih sey tlet slh ns e jrgw wlg tggk luie` gri, wlnch gtl-
hrs sey slh„s must e pgwhruc drund wlg cher`hd lgw tg sphek wntl tlh jrgws. Ztncc gtlhrs ohcnhvh
tlh Jrgwigtlhr ns e pgwhruc rhcnjt wlg les iedh lhr lgih g` Zkhccnfh ohjeush g tlh cejk g
wntjlhrs e`d tlh igrh zhecgus Zkhccnfhrs ohcnhvh tlet slh wes g`jh e pgwhruc dhnty jest dgw` tg
tlh rheci g igrtecs oy Arhye jh`turnhs efg. Vlethvhr
Vlethvhr lhr grnfn`, tlh Jrgwigtlhr ns e grjh tg oh
rhjkg`hd wntl e`d lhr jce` g drunds erh u`wevhrn`f n` tlhnr pursunt g k`gwchdfh.
Vlh` Jrgw Jce` drunds n`threjt wntl gtlhrs nt ns usueccy n` tlh prgjhss g fetlhrn`f n`frhdn-
h`ts gr hcnxnrs gr edvnsn`f cgjec jgiiu`nty ihiohrs. Es wntl ie`y gtlhr drunds nt ns rerh tlet
e Jrgw Jce` drund wncc chevh tlhnr lgih, out tlhy je` oh gu`d we`dhrn`f tlh rgeds g Zkhccnfh
gr hvh` gjjesng`eccy g` tlh jg`tn`h`t wlhrh tlhy wncc gh` sey tlhy erh gccgwn`f tlh funde`jh
g tlh jrgws gr tlh Jrgwigtlhr. X`grtu`ethcy, tlhy erh usueccy u`wnccn`f tg hxpcen` wlet tlet
inflt ihe` gr tlhishcvhs gr tlh gtlhr phgpch ergu`d tlhi. Cujkncy, tlhsh drunds rerhcy jeush
shrngus trguoch.
 
1:

Th Jnrjch ga Ochgolhrns Lec﬏n`f Drunds

N` tlh derk grhsts `grtl g Fgrs

F grs Qhch`
Qhch` ste`ds tlh frhet gek, Ochgolhrns, ohcnhvhd tg oh tlh ſtrst
ſt rst trhh Vlnch lec﬏n`fs erh e-
iguscy iefnj dhthrrh`t
g` tlh Jg`tn`h`t. Nts orged ore`jlhs slhcthr e` h`grigus jchern`f wlnjl ns tlh jh`thr g e drund e`d tlus n`jepeoch g
jnrjch wlnjl deths tg ohgrh tlh luie` slnps errnvhd. Agr e cg`f tnih, tlh jnrjch hxnsthd qunhtcy,
n` e dhhp, derk grhst surrgu`dhd oy ogfs e`d sweips. Nt ns u`k`gw` hxejtcy wlg iedh up tlns jestn`f
drewn`f n`vgjetng`s gr
snfncs, tlhy erh
jnrjch g drunds out sgih sphjuceth tlet nt wes e jh`thr g wgrslnp e`d sgjnhty gr hercy luie`s. ecsg jg`sndhrhd tg oh
eig`f tlh igst `eturh
Hvh`tueccy tlh Ce`dn`f g Hxnchs orguflt `hw frgups g luie`s wlg sprhed tlrguflgut tlh ettu`hd rejhs ohsndhs tlh
rhfng`, cggkn`f tg ouncd eris e`d vnccefhs. Out tlh ogfs e`d sweip ce`ds jgucd `gt oh pcgwhd, hcvhs. Thrh erh e le`d-
e`d frgups g cuiohrmejks sh`t n`tg tlh grhsts whrh ru` gut efen` oy wncd e`niecs. Hvh`tueccy uc g lec﬏n`f eincnhs
tlgsh hw sujjhssuc shttchrs sh`t orevh n`dnvnduecs n`tg tlh grhst tg perchy wntl wlethvhr wes wlg `gw shrvh eig`f
fuerdn`f tlh wncdhr`hss. Thy epprgejlhd
epprgejlhd luiocy e`d whrh iht oy tlh drunds. E` efrhhih`t wes tlh drunds g tlh Jnrjch
g Ochgolhrns, ehr lev-
rhejlhd wlhrh tlh drunds wgucd lhcp tlh shttchrs stert sgih siecc eris n` tlh ogfs e`d sweip
n`f ohh` ru` gut g tlhnr
ce`ds e`d eccgw tlh shttchrs tg jerhuccy ie`efh e pert g tlh grhst e`d jut trhhs g`cy es pert lgihs ehr tlh Ce`dn`f
g tlh ie`efhih`t pce`. N` rhtur` tlh erihrs suppcnhd sejrnſtjhs gr tlh ecter e`d gtlhr tredh g tlh Hxnchs lu`drhds g
nthis tlh drunds inflt `hhd. Gvhr tnih tlns rhcetng`slnp ﬏gurnslhd. Th Drunds lhechd tlh cgjecs, yhers efg.
ochsshd tlhnr ſthcds, e`d prgthjthd tlhi rgi de`fhrgus grhst jrheturhs. Ie`y g tlh lec﬏n`f
drunds igvhd tg cnvh eig`f tlh erihrs, lhcpn`f tlhi wntl tlhnr ſthcds e`d cnvhstgjk. Th cgjecs
prgthjthd tlh grhst rgi gutsndhrs out gvhr tnih tlh erhe u`dhr Ochgolhrns„ chey je`gpy ohjeih
e eigus ihhtn`f pcejh gr e`y tlet lg`gr tlh e`jnh`t gek. E`yg`h g e`y rejh ns whcjgih n` tlh
jnrjch es cg`f es tlhy khhp tlh phejh. Rhgpch lg`gr Ochgolhrns oy pgstn`f chtthrs e`d wnslhs g`
pephrs ettejlhd tg tlh frhet gek. Ohjeush g tlh frhet lnstgry g tlh gek, hvh` tlgufl nt ns gut g
tlh wey, ie`y eigus oerds levh pceyhd u`dhr nts h`grigus uiorhcce g cnios.
Th eth g tlh Ochgolhrns jnrjch ns u`jhrten` jurrh`tcy. Ver wntl @ncfeerd les dhjniethd
igst g hihrne,
hihrne, out tlh grhst stncc ste`ds, e`d ie`y rhufhhs levh ohh` tekh` n` oy tlh drunds.
N` ejt, tlh rhufhhs g ie`y siecchr drund jnrjchs dhstrgyhd oy tlh wer levh ecsg gu`d tlhnr
wey tg Ochgolhrns shhkn`f slhcthr. Agrtu`ethcy, tlh grhst ns `gt rheccy g` tlh wey tg e`y g @nc-
feerd„„s fgecs e`d tlhrh ns cnttch tg jg`quhr sg tlh jnrjch les survnvhd.
feerd sur vnvhd. Th phgpch g tlh erhe `gw
jlhrnsl tlh drunds wlg prgthjt tlhi rgi ohests e`d wer. Thy ﬏hh tg tlh grhst tg evgnd prhss
fe`fs wlg wgucd tekh e`y ih` gr tlh eriy. Th drunds„ rhcetng`slnp wntl tlh grhst lhcps tlhi
hhd ie`y wlgsh lgihs levh ohh` dhstrgyhd. Th drunds thejl tlh rhufhhs lgw tg th`d e`d
fetlhr pce`ts tlet je` rhpcejh suoste`jhs tlhy `gw cejk, n`jcudn`f lhroec suoste`jhs tlet stgp
n`hjtng`, secvhs tlet lhec our`s, juts, e`d iusjch ejlhs, e`d hvh` dyhs gr jcgtln`f. Vlh` oe`-
dnts epprgejl tlh grhst, drundnj iefnj eccgws tlh Lnhrgple`t tg sh`d tlhi ewey wntl e cgud
tlrheth`n`f vgnjh. N` tlh vhry wgrst sntuetng`s, tlh Lnhrgple`t je` jest e pcefuh g` n`vedhrs. Et
tlns jnrjch, es whcc es gtlhrs, ie`y phgpch try tg prhssurh tlh drunds tg ush tlhnr iefnj tg ſtflt
erinhs, out tlh drunds„ iefnj ns oeshd g` tlhnr entl n` tlh grhst, `gt tlh wgrcd g ie` e`d tlh
igst tlhy wncc dg ns gsthr phejh.
N` tlh hw tnihs incntery dhtejlih`ts gr rgvn`f rhh jgipe`nhs levh jgih tg tlh grhst g
Ochgolhrns wntl vngch`jh n` in`d, tlhy levh ohh` qunjkcy tur`hd ewey oy tlh drund jnrjch. G`h
@grdcn`f rhh jgipe`y rhjgu`ts techs g h`thrn`f tlh grhst ehr e frgup g rhufhhs g`cy tg oh
iht wntl e frgup g drunds wlg ushd sgih pgwhruc iefnj tg iekh tlhi snt dgw` e`d `hfgtneth.

14
E`frh`ne`
rhh Jets
G`h tln`f tlet tlh dru-
nds orguflt rgi E`-
frh` wes e sphjnhs g
frhh` e`d orgw` sphjk-
chd, erogrhec hcn`h, h`-
de`fhrhd oy cgffn`f.
Thy erh scnfltcy cerfhr
tle` e lgush jet e`d
iekh frhet jgipe`ng`s
gr tlh drunds.
 Vnjkhrih`
 Vnjkhrih`
–g iy k`gwchdfh, tlh
drunds g Jehd Iyrkvnd
levh rerhcy ushd tlns “rnt-
uecnstnj„ gri g hxhju-
tng`. Rhrleps g`cy g`jh
gr twnjh rgi tlh stgrnhs
g drunds N levh led tlh
 pchesurh g h`jgu`thrn`
h `jgu`thrn`f.
f.
Nt ns trucy e sleih tlet
tlhy wgucd hhc tlh `hhd
tg tlrheth` nt et ecc.’ 
‚Fcy``ns ver rhler`h
Th Jnrjch ga Jehd Iyrkvnd
Jehd Iyrkvnd cnhs n` e vecchy n` tlh igu`ten`s g gussen`t. Cggkn`f dgw` upg` nt ygu shh g`cy
e oce`kht g gf. Nt twnsts e`d jurcs n` weys tlet rhin`d ygu tlet nt ns `gt `eturec. N ygu levh ohh`
ohh `
tg tlh dryed grhst g Orgkncg` tlns wgucd cggk eincner. _ndn`f dgw` tlrgufl tlh ſtr grhsts,
g`h dhsjh`ds tlrgufl gf n`tg e tlnjk, deip grhst g ohhjl e`d ecdhr, dgtthd wntl vh`hreoch
geks. Ahr`s e`d ocejkohrry vn`hs frgw tlnjkcy ohtwhh` tlh trhhs e`d e` u``eihd rnvhr ierks tlh
ogu`dernhs g tlh drund„s se`jtuery. Dg `gt tln`k tg jrgss tlns rnvhr wntlgut fggd rhesg` gr tlh
jnrjch g Jehd Iyrkvnd ns prgoeocy tlh igst pgwhruc ch g` tlh Jg`tn`h`t. Cnkh igst jnrjchs, nt ns
e`jnh`t e`d wes gu`dhd oy phgpch gr rejhs u`k`gw` ohgrh wrntth` lnstgry ohfe`. Nts nsgcetng`
ihe`t tlet gr jh`turnhs tlh Drunds g Jehd Iyrkvnd dnd `gt levh tg thejl phgpch lgw tg cnvh n`
lerig`y wntl `eturh e`d tlh ce`d ns sg hrtnch tlet pce`ts e`d igsshs frgw g` tgp g hejl gtlhr.
N` e wey,
wey, tlh drunds lhrh erh igrh n` shrvnjh tg tlh grhst tle` tg luie` shttchrs.
Igst drunds `gw n` Jehd Iyrkvnd erh rhufhhs rgi twg gtlhr jnrjchs tlet hxnsthd n` tlh `grtl.
Th jnrjch g Jehd Dlu wes n` E`frh` g` tlh oe`k g tlh ^erufe. Out tlh drunds suflhrhd durn`f
tlh wers e`d tlh frgwn`f pgpucetng` wnslhd tg drnvh tlhi gut. Ehr ecc, cuiohr ns tlh –E`frh-
`ne` Fgcd’ tlet uhcs tredh n` E`frh` e`d tlh cuiohrmejks whrh`„t n`thrhsthd n` ien`ten`n`f tlh
oece`jh. Vlh` drnvh` gut, tlh drunds igvhd g` tg Cgjl Ig`dunr` n` Zgddh`. Zgddh`, g jgursh,
les led erinhs ſtfltn`f oejk e`d grtl gvhr nt ie`y tnihs sn`jh tlh` e`d durn`f g`h g tlhsh
sknrinslhs tlh drunds g`jh efen` igvhd g` orn`fn`f wntl tlhi tlh rhufhhs g tlh grnfn`ec Jnrjch
g Cgjl Ig`dunr`. N` 5?16, tlh Jehd Iyrkvnd jnrjch ejjhpthd tlh Drunds g Jehd Dlu e`d Cgj
Ig`dunr` es rhufhhs. Th rhufhhs lhcd e frudfh
fr udfh efen`st tlh luie` pgpucetng`s tlet drg
drgvh
vh tlhi
gut e`d wlh` g`h g tlhnr `uiohr ohjeih ﬏ein`nke g Jehd Iyrkvnd, tlh prgthjtng`s g tlh jnr-
jch n`jrheshd. Es pert g tlgsh prgthjtng`s tlh Drunds g tlh Jnrjch ushd e frhet dhec g iefnj tg
jrheth weckn`f gek trhh ig`sthrs tlet gccgw tlh dnrhjtng`s g tlh drunds.
dr unds.
Tns orn`fs up g`h g tlh igst jg`trgvhrsnec stgrnhs eogut drunds. Agr yhers, luie`s wlg
lethd tlh drunds sprhed tlh ruigr tlet tlhy jepturhd n`ve
n`vedhrs,
dhrs, menchd tlhi n` e lufh wnjkhr stetuh
e`d tlh` sht tlh wnjkhr g` ſtrh, our`n`f tlhnr vnjtnis ecnvh. Tns stgry wes ushd efen`st tlh drunds
gr ie`y yhers out epperh`tcy
epperh`tcy tlh `hw ﬏ein`nke g Jehd Iyrkvnd dhjndhd tlet n hvhryg`h sprhed
tlhsh cnhs eogut tlhi, tlh` tlhy wgucd iekh nt e rhecnty tg iekh surh `g g`h etthipthd tg pusl
tlhi gut g Jehd Iyrkvnd.
N` tlhnr `hw lgih, tlh Drunds g Jehd Iyrkvnd levh jgiig` dhecn`fs wntl tlh phgpch
g gussen`t wlnjl les ohh` ogtl oh`hſtjnec e`d trguochsgih. Igst `gteocy, tlh frhet wn`hs
g gussen`t levh ecweys ohh` efhd n` Oheujcenr Gek out lervhstn`f tlh sejrhd geks gr wn`h
oerrhcs put tlh Jggphr„s Funcd et gdds wntl tlh drunds. Et ſtrst tlns dnd jeush rnjtng` es tlh
drunds rhushd tg cht wggdsih` n`tg tlh dhptls g tlh grhst wlnjl n` tur` chd tg ie`y jeccn`f
tg tlh Dujlhss tg dnspcejh gr dhstrgy tlh jnrjch. Agrtu`ethcy, tlh ruchrs g gussen`t levh cg`f
ohh` g`d g tlh u`spgnchd wncdhr`hss g tlh frgvh e`d tlh drunds whrh eoch tg prgvh tlhishcvhs
hxjhcch`t jerhtekhrs oy intnfetn`f tlh jetestrgplh jeushd oy tlh rhrgutn`f g tlh Ze`srhtgur
_nvhr sgih yhers efg. E`d sg, tlhy strujk e dhec. rhetnhs whrh snf`hd ohtwhh` gussen`t e`d
tlh Drunds g tlh Jnrjch. Th Frgvhs g Jehd Iyrkvnd whrh hsteocnslhd es e se`jtuery, uccy
eutg`gigus n` tlhnr n`thr`ec eflenrs. Th Jggphr„s Funcd ns eccgwhd tg lervhst geks out g`cy
u`dhr strnjt suphrvnsng`. Ecsg, es pert g tlh efrhhih`ts tlh drunds juctnveth e`d lervhst ushuc
pce`ts gr tlh rucn`f lgush g gussen`t.
 
18

Th Jnrjch ga Fhdy`hntl Zkhccnfhr Drunds

X`cnkh tlhnr jg`tn`h`tec
@gwlhrh n` tlh wgrcd erh drunds igrh rhsphjthd tle` n` tlh Zkhccnfh Nschs. Vlhrh drunds erh
jgu`thrperts, Zkhccnfhr
fh`hreccy shh` es gutsndhrs e`d efntetgrs oy @grdcn`f ruchrs e`d @ncfeerdne` g﬊jnecs, tlhy erh drunds jerry tlh seih
 vnhwhd es trusthd
le`dsgihcy edvnsgrs e`d
ejjgiigdethd, e`de`d
spnrntuec
spnrntuec ih`tgrs
etth`tnvhcy oy tlh
lhhdhd oy Mercs
Mtlh
ercsvest
g Zkhccnfh.
iemgrntyDrunds erh whcc rhsphjthd,
g Zkhccnfhrs. werrngr„s
Zkhccnfhrs spnrnt
dg. N`tletigst
ecc
jeshs, n ygu levh dg`h
Th cerfhst e`d igst n`﬏uh`tnec frgup g drunds n` Zkhccnfh ns tlh Drund Jnrjch g Fhdy`hntl,
sgihtln`f tg upsht e
wlg tekh tlhnr `eih rgi e sejrhd
s ejrhd gek frgwn`f g` e lncc g` Erd Zkhccnf. Thsh drunds erh chd oy e` drund g tlh Jnrjch g Fh-
hcdhrcy Lnhrgple`t
Lnhrgple`t `eihd Hring` wlg les stggd es tlh edvnsgr tg tlh tlrg`h g Zkhccnfh gr ie`y dy`hntl ygu wncc k`gw
dhjedhs e`d trevhchd et tlh sndh g Kn`f Hnst, Kn`f Ore`, e`d Merc Jrejl e` Jrenth, hvh` ejtn`f es eogut nt niihdnethcy.
e jgurt-eppgn`thd drund gr tlh Kn`fdgi g Jn`tre wlh` Kn`f Hnst unrshejl
unrshejl g Zkhccnfh ierrnhd Rhtntng`s e`d strg`f-
Uuhh` Jece`tlh g Jn`tre. cy-wgrdhd chtthrs erh er
rgi e Zkhccnfhr drund„s
X`dhr Hring`„s sthedy chedhrslnp, tlh Jnrjch g Fhdy`hntl les rhien`hd e steoch pnccer g ſtrst jlgnjh wlh` shttcn`f
Zkhccnfh sgjnhty, gh` usn`f tlhnr n`﬏uh`jh tg thiphr tlh qunjk thiphrs e`d oresl `eturh g tlh dnsefrhhih`ts.
Zkhccnfhr phgpch e`d lhcp tlhi survnvh n` tlh lersl jcnieth e`d thrren` g tlh Zkhccnfh Erjlnphc-
efg. Vlh` twg jce`s levh rhejlhd e dnsefrhhih`t nt„s `gt u`jgiig` gr e drund tg sthp n` tg _gufl Zkhccnfh
lhcp tlhi shttch tlh sntuetng` ohgrh e`y ocggdslhd. Tns dghs`„t ecweys wgrk out tlh etthipt ns Zhes
iedh `g`htlhchss. Hvh` igrh jgiig`cy, erihrs jecc upg` drunds tg lhcp tlhi tlh i frgw tlhnr jrgps, –Lhl, sencn`f tlh she tg
lu`tsie` tg fundh tlhi tg fggd feih, gr sencgrs tg jeci tlh stgris sg tlhy wg`„t oh deslhd tg Zkhccnfh en`„t hesy. Hvh` n
pnhjhs g` tlh rgjky slgrhs g tlh nsce`ds. Ie`y sjlgcers ohcnhvh tlet tlh Zkhccnfhrs„ rhvhrh`jh gr  ye evgnd tlh rendhr slnps
tlh drunds sthis rgi tlh ejt tlet tlh Zkhccnfh Nschs erh n`lhrh`tcy wncd e`d de`fhrgus e`d wntl-  petrgccn`f
 petrg ccn`f tlh Frhet Zhe,
gut tlh end g e phrsg` ettu`hd tg tlet de`fhrgus wncdhr`hss, jgcg`nzetng` g sujl thrren` wgucd  ygu„cc prgoeocy
prgoeocy must wn`d
oh e deu`tn`f prgjhss wlnjl inflt h`d n` dnsesthr. N` e rheci wlhrh
wlh rh wntjlhrs erh u`jgiig` e`d up ohn`„ jepsnzhd oy h`gr-
iefhs erh ecigst u`lherd g, drunds erh gh` n`struih`tec n` ru``n`f gfl gr sceyn`f ig`sthrs igus wevhs gr sieslhd
g` tlh rgjky slgrhs g tlh
tlet tlrheth` tlh Zkhccnfh sgjnhty. E frhet werrngr shhkn`f tg scey e` Hklnd`e gr e Krekh` ns cnkhcy
nschs ohgrh ye hvh` shh
tg vnsnt tlh Jnrjch Fhdy`hntl ſtrst gr tlh jgu`shc g tlh drunds. ce`d. Zgih gcks tln`k
N`dhhd, tlh Drunds g Fhdy`hntl erh sujl e gu`detng` gr tlh jucturh g Zkhccnfh tlet tlhy erh tlh drunds„rh tlh g`hs wlg
gh` n`thrtwn`hd wntl tlh gtlhr prniery pnccer g Zkhccnfh sgjnhty, tlh Jlurjl g Arhye. Vlnch tlh iedh tlh shes sg rgufl,
Drunds g tlh Jnrjch g Fhdy`hntl dg `gt prey tg Arhye gr tlhnr iefnj e`d tlh Rrnhsthsshs g Arhye out N je`„t sey g`h wey
gr tlh gtlhr. Lhl, dg iy
dg
jgih`gttgfhtlhr
vnhw tlhn``eturec wgrcd
tlh jerh ergu`d
g `eturh tlhi
e`d tlh n` tlh seih
Zkhccnfhr wey es
phgpch. tlh drunds,
Arhye lhrshc ogtl
ns e` entls erhfgddhss
e`jnh`t eoch tg ohst tg oh g` e slnp es cnt-
tch es pgssnoch n N„i lg`-
wlg ns gh` essgjnethd
essgj nethd wntl jhrten` esphjts g `eturh e`d n` tlet wey
wey,, tlh rhcetng`slnp ohtwhh` tlh hst. Dwervhs e`d tlh she
Jlurjl e`d tlh Jnrjch ns iedh hesnhr. Gh`, e drund g tlh Jnrjch g Fhdy`hntl ns ecsg e wgrslnphr dg`„t inx es er es N„i
g Arhye e`d ogtl frgups fetlhr et tlh frhet gek gr wgrslnp e`d jhrhig`nhs n`jcudn`f nipgrte`t jg`jhr`hd.’ 
whddn`fs, e`d tlh jrgw`n`f g tlh Kn`f. ∟_gdgc Kezihr
Vlh` tlh Kn`f g Zkhccnfh dnhs, tlh wekh les rgjkhd tlh leccs g Kehr rgcdh, e`d tlh `hxt
Kn`f les ohh` jlgsh`, tlh Drunds g Fhdy`hntl e`d tlh Rrnhsthsshs g Arhye fetlhr u`dhr tlh
ogws g Fhdy`hntl ecg`f wntl tlh Mercs g tlh shvh` Zkhccnfhr jce`s e`d e`y wlg wnsl tg etth`d
tg jrgw` tlh kn`f n` e jhrhig`y tlet ohfe` jh`turnhs efg wntl tlh ſtrst kn`fs g Zkhccnfh. Th
`hw Kn`f wncc rhnf` gvhr ecc Zkhccnfh wntl tlh Lnhrgple`t g tlh Jnrjch g Fhdy`hntl es tlhnr
trusthd edvnsgr, eoch tg khhp tlhi g` tlh rnflt trejk e`d prhvh`t tlhi rgi iekn`f ggcnsl
instekhs e`d jgstcy insjecjucetng`.

11
Drunds &
 Vntjlhrs
Vlh` luie`s ſtrst jeih
tg tlh Jg`tn`h`t, drunds
wgucd sgihtnihs scey
ig`sthrs tg khhp tlh
luie` pgpucetng`s seh.
Thy dnd tlns `gt gut g
e cgyecty tg luie`nty out
e dhsnrh tg ien`ten` tlh
`eturec oece`jh e`d khhp
tlh luie`s rgi ohn`f
wnphd gut. Vlh` lu-
ie`s hxpe`dhd ohyg`d
tlh `hhd gr tlns lhcp, tlh
drunds stgpphd prgthjt-
n`f tlhi. Vlh` luie`-
nty jrhethd wntjlhrs tlh
drunds sew tlns es e frevh
gflh`sh
g igst efen`st
drunds, e `eturh.
wntjl-
hr ns `gtln`f igrh tle`
e outjlhr, tnppn`f tlh
sjechs g oece`jh n` tlh
evgr g luie`s oy ies-
sejrn`f gtlhr jrheturhs.
Th ejt tlet wntjlhrs
sujjhssuccy drgvh ie`y
sphjnhs tg hxtn`jtng`
durn`f tlh Fgcd Efh g
Vntjlhrs g`cy sgcndnſths
tlns ohcnh.
 Ve`d
 Ve`dhrn`f
hrn`f Drunds
Ie`y phgpch ohcnhvh tlet we`dhrn`f drunds erh e prgdujt g tlh wers wlnjl levh dhjniethd ie`y
g tlh `grtlhr` jgu`trnhs. Th trutl ns tlet tlhrh levh ohh` we`dhrn`f dru drunds
nds es cg`f es tlhrh levh
ohh` drunds. N` tlh hercy
h ercy deys, must ehr tlh Ce`dn`f g tlh Hxnchs e`d ohgrh tlh luie`s fgt tlhnr
hht u`dhr tlhishcvhs, grhsts wgucd levh fg`h g` grhvhr, gr es tlhy sey, e squnrrhc jgucd levh
trevhchd rgi Rgvnss tg @ncfeerd
@ncfeerd wntlgut nts hht tgujln`f tlh frgu`d. Th ih`lnrs e`d rhien`s
g drundnj jnrjchs gu`d oy luie` sjlgcers suffhst tlet tlh drunds wgucd levh ohh` tlrnvn`f
tlr nvn`f e`d
hxpe`dn`f. Es tlh jnrjchs hxpe`dhd, nt„s g`cy `eturec tlet sgih drunds wgucd chevh tlh jnrjch tg
ſt`d e`gtlhr grhst wntl e`gtlhr frhet gek. N` tlhsh jeshs, tlh we`dhrn`f drunds inflt levh ohh`
hxpcgrhrs, hefhr tg k`gw wlet wes gvhr tlh `hxt lncc. Thy iey levh ohh` vhry gpn`ng`ethd e`d
wnslhd tg stert e jnrjch gccgwn`f `hw ohcnhs. Zgih iey snipcy levh ohh` drheihrs, prhhrrn`f
tlh wncdhr`hss gvhr tlh jnrjch. Thsh we`dhrn`f drunds cnkhcy wgucd`„
wgucd`„tt levh rhsphjthd e`y pgcntnjec
ogu`dernhs e`d iey levh ohh` e` nipgrte`t sgurjh g `hws e`d spnrntuec sgcejh es tlhy trevhchd
ohtwhh` tlh siecc vnccefhs n` tlh grhsts e`d ſthcds. G`jh efen`, wh iust rhihiohr tlet drunds
ejjuiucethd e cgt g n`grietng`; eogut tlh wncd, eogut trhhs e`d e`niecs, out ecsg eogut tlh she-
sg`s e`d tlh sters. Thnr k`gwchdfh wgucd levh endhd tlh ſtrst erihrs e`d ſtslhrie` g luie`s
es tlhy ohfe` tg ouncd shttchih`ts up e`d dgw` tlh frhet rnvhrs. Lgwhvhr, ohjeush tlh drunds dg
`gt wrnth dgw` e`y g tlhnr cews, griuceh, gr grec lnstgrnhs wh dg`„t levh
levh tgg iujl n`grietng`
eogut tlgsh deys. G`jh pgpucetng`s g hcvhs e`d luie`s iuctnpcnhd, tlh erhes tlhy jg`trgcchd
ohfe` tg gut`uiohr tlh dhhp e`d iysthrngus grhsts tlet tlh drunds rhprhsh`thd. Oy tlns tnih, tlh
drunds whrh prnierncy k`gw` gr tlh jhchoretng`s tlhy jg`dujthd et tlh sgcstnjhs e`d hqun`gxhs
ohgrh igrh griec rhcnfng`s sterthd tg tekh lgcd. Et tlhsh hvh`ts, tlh drunds ochsshd instchtgh
jgcchjthd rgi tlh geks
g eks e`d nt wes ushd gr hrtncnty e`d es e` e`tndgth tg pgnsg`.
gdey tlhrh erh rhufhh drunds. Zgih mgn` gtlhr jnrjchs out ie`y rhush tg eoe`dg` tlh ce`ds
tlhy k`gw sg whcc hvh` n tlhnr jh`trec gek les ohh` jut dgw`. Thy levh gu`d tlet tryn`f tg
n`﬏uh`jh tlh dukhs, ecdhrih`, gr oe`dnts tlet ruch tlh ce`d dghs`„t fht iujl dg`h, hxjhpt phr-
leps knccn`f tlh drund. Jgipessng` jeushs tlhi tg ch`d tlhnr k`gwchdfh e`d sknccs tg end tlh hw
phgpch ch n` pcejhs cnkh Qhch` tg lhcp tlhi rhstert eris tg hhd tlh stervn`f. Zgih orn`f e shhd-
cn`f gek rgi tlh grhsts e`d ergu`d nt ouncd jnrjchs ierkhd oy stg`hs gr jervhd pgsts. Thy lhcp
tlh png`hhrs wlg erh tryn`f
tr yn`f tg rh-hsteocnsl vnccefhs, e`d tlh vnccefhrs lhcp tlh drunds tg rhpce`t tlh
trhhs. Th drunds jepturh e`d lhec wncd e`niecs tlet levh ohh` our`hd, steoohd, gr trepphd, tg
rh-hsteocnsl tlh jnrjch tlet wncc ien`ten` cnh fgn`f grwerd. Thsh drunds wncc ush tlhnr iefnj tg
end vnccefhs n` de`fhr g ohn`f utthrcy dhstrgyhd oy ig`sthrs out g`cy h`gufl tg rh-hsteocnsl tlh
oece`jh g `eturh. G`jh oece`jh les ohh` rhstgrhd, tlhy jg`tn`uh g` tlhnr petl.
Thsh drunds erh phrphtuec we`dhrhrs. Thy dg wlet tlhy je` gr tlh wncd ce`ds tlhy pess
tlrgufl, e`d tlhy lhec tlh snjk gr n`murhd tlet tlhy jgih ejrgss. Vlnch trevhcn`f, tlhsh drunds
iey sgihtnihs –cnohreth’
–cnohreth’ e`niecs khpt u`dhr eousnvh jg`dntng`s out ecweys khhp tlh oece`jh n`
in`d. Thnr rhcetng`slnp tg tlh wncd ns vhry phrsg`ec e`d vhry n`dnvnduec. Zgih we`dhrhrs shh
tlhnr trenc es e shrnhs g pncfrniefhs tg vnsnt tlh hxnstn`f drund jnrjchs wlhrh tlhy iey stey cg`f
h`gufl tg cher` e `hw sg`f gr pghi g cgrh. Igst jurrh`t rhcnfng`s dg `gt jg`sndhr drunds e
tlrhet, sg tlhy erh seh h`gufl, out tlhy erh ecigst `hvhr shh` n` uroe` shttn`fs e`d tlhy stncc
th`d tg khhp tg tlhishcvhs.
 
16

Th Drund Rrgahssng` Dhſt`n`f Zkncc

_nth g Gek e`d
–Cnh e`d Dhetl, h`twn`hd es e orend.’ Instchtgh
‚Exhc Trhh-Hyhs
N ye teck tg e drund tlhy„cc thcc ye tlhy„rh tlh Qnfgr Trhslgcd
 fuerdne`s g `eturh e`d tlh g`hs wlg khhp
?
oece`jh n` ecc cnvn`„ tln`fs. Thy„rh hipgw-
hrhd oy tlhnr jg``hjtng` tg tlh `eturec wgrcd
tg iekh surh `gtln`„ fhts gutte sgrts. Ztgppn`„ Iefnjec Rhrks
 pgejlhrs, prgthjtn`
prgthjtn`„„ h`de`fhrhd e`niecs rgi
? @gvnjh
ig`sthrs, lhcpn`„ rhouncd ehr grhst ſtrhs e`d
N`vgjetng`s
wlet`gt. Out tlet en`„t ecc. Lhl, N„vh led iy
 enr slerh g n`threjtng`s wntl drunds e`d tlhy ? @gvnjh _ntuecs
en`„t
en` „t ecc tlh seih. Igst g tlh drunds yhr fg``e ? Cgw De`fhr
shh erh n`ntneths g `eturh wlg„rh shttn`„ gut tg Lhxhs
dg ecc tlh stufl N ih`tng` ohgrh. Thy„rh rhec
ettu`hd wntl tlh wgrcd ergu`d “hi, je` jecc g`
tlh grhst tg dg ecc sgrts g iefnjec stufl, rhed Zknccs
tlh siecchst snf`s n` orgkh` ore`jlhs e`d oh`t Ewerh`hss
 fress tg cher` eogut n`trudhrs, e`d hvh` iekh H`dure`jh
 pejts wntl e`niecs tg lhcp “hi fundh tlh wnc-
Anrst End
dhr`hss. Th` ye fgt yhr sefhs. Thsh erh tlh
drunds wlg study tlh iystnjec erts e`d shjrhts Lhx Vhevn`f
Zgjnec Zte`dn`f 
g tlhnr jnrjchs. Ecsg tur`s gut tlhy th`d tg oh Ig`sthr Cgrh
Drunds erh jg`sndhrhd Hquec n` Zkhccnfh tlh g`hs wlg n`threjt wntl gtlhr gck tlh igst, Rhrsuesng`
e`d n` rurec jgiiu`ntnhs out erh gchre
gchrethd
thd lhl. ^gu„cc ſt`d “hi ejtn`„ es spnrntuec fundhs
_ntuec Jren`f
oy ecc gtlhr frgups e`d Lethd e`d Aherhd e`d jgu`shcgrs gr oejkwggds jgiiu`ntnhs.
oy tlgsh wlg leth iefnj. hccn`„
hccn`„ grtu`hs wntl
w ntl rntuecs g ocggd e`d og`hs, Zphcc Jestn`f
e`d shttcn`„ dnspuths ohtwhh` ecc ie``hr g hejln`f
 gck. N lher tlh igst pgwhruc g`hs je` hvh` Vncdhr`hss Zurvnvec
_nth g Gek e`d Instchtgh (N@) jle`fh tlhnr ogdnhs tg oh igrh ohest tle` ie`
E Drund cher`s vhry qunjkcy lgw tg out N en`„t shh` nt. N suppgsh n ye cnvh n` tlh
wncd cg`f h`gufl e`d ye fgf g shhkn`„
shhkn`„ gut ecc sgrts Fher (Rnjk 8)
lervhst iefnjeccy pgth`t pce`ts e`d tur`
g e`jnh`t k`gwchdfh nt„s ogu`d tg levh sgih 522 jrgw`s g
tlhi n`tg e pgwhruc gjus gr tlhnr iefnj
hflhjt g` ye. Lhl, tlh cest g`hs erh tlh g`hs jnty jgipg`h`ts
wlnjl jg``hjts tlhi tg tlh ce`d ergu`d
tlhi. E Drund je` tekh e dey e`d iekh  gck erh igst jg`jhr`hd eogut, tlh incnte`t Ohdrgcc
e _nth g Gek e`d Instchtgh jlhjk efen`st g`hs. ^e
^e shh, sgih drunds fht hd up wntl ohn`f
Ohct Rgujl
e DJ sphjnſtj tg tlh erhe n` wlnjl tlhy  phejhuc ecc tlh tnih. Igst gcks jgucd`
jgucd`„t
„t jerh
chss eogut `eturh cg`f es tlhy fht tlhnrs. Rcus, Je`dchs (x8)
ſt`d tlhishcvhs tg lervhst tlh `hjhssery
n`frhdnh`ts. N sujjhssuc, tlh Drund jrheths  ye fgtte dhec wntl ecc tlh dei` ig`sthrs wntl- Jgcd Vhetlhr
e Ztefl wlnjl wgrks g`cy gr tlh Drund. gut e pcejh n` `eturh! Thsh incnte`t drunds Jcgtln`f
Tns stefl u`jtng`s hxejtcy es e Ztefl th`d tg dhsnf`eth e` erhe es tlhnr sejrhd frgvh, Drund„s Znjkch
(Vntjlhr Jgrh _uch Oggk, pf. 64) out usn`„ tlh `eturh ergu`d “hi tg h`d gfl cgffhrs, @uion`f Lhros (x:)
nts Agjus vecuh rnshs es tlhy niprgvh  pgejlhrs, e`d ig`sthrs;
ush tlhnr iefnj tg frgwe`d
e`
e dohest
n tlet
tletn`tg
encs,
e tlhy„cc
tlhy„cc
ohlh- Rnph e`d goejjg
tlhnr _nth g Gek & Instchtgh vecuh.
Eddntng`eccy, wlnch tlh drund ns jerryn`f igtl tg ru` tlh n`vedhrs gfl. Zihccn`f Zects (x?)
tlhnr stefl, tlhy fen` oh`hſtts oeshd g` ‚_gdgc Kezihr  Ztefl 
 tlhnr _nth g Gek & Instchtgh vecuh.

 
1<

Th Drund
Drund Zkncc
Zknc c rhh
rhh
Dhſt`n`f Zkncc= _nth ga Gek e`d Instchtgh (N@)
E Drund cher`s vhry qunjkcy lgw tg lervhst iefnjeccy pgth`t
pce`ts e`d tur` tlhi n`tg e pgwhruc gjus gr tlhnr iefnj
wlnjl jg``hjts tlhi tg tlh ce`d ergu`d tlhi. E Drund je`
tekh e dey e`d iekh e _nth g Gek e`d Instchtgh rgcc efen`st e
DJ sphjnſtj tg tlh erhe n` wlnjl tlhy ſt`d tlhishcvhs tg lervhst
tlh `hjhssery n`frhdnh`ts. N sujjhssuc, tlh Drund jrheths e Ztefl
wlnjl wgrks g`cy gr tlh Drund. Tns stefl u`jtng`s hxejtcy es
e Ztefl (Vntjlhr Jgrh _uch Oggk, pf. 64) out nts Agjus vecuh
rnshs es tlhy niprgvh tlhnr _nth g Gek & Instchtgh vecuh. Th
Agjus vecuh ohfn`s et 5 et chvhc 5 e`d renshs oy 5 hvhry ? chv-
hcs tg e iexniui g 4 et chvhc 6. Et chvhc >, tlh Ztefl fen`s tlh
Frhethr Agjus Hflhjt. Eddntng`eccy, wlnch tlh Drund ns jerryn`f
tlhnr stefl, tlhy fen` tlh gccgwn`f oh`hſtts oeshd g` tlhnr _nth
g Gek & Instchtgh vecuh. Et chvhc ?, tlh Drund nf`grhs ecc h`vn-
rg`ih`tec ph`ectnhs n` gvhrfrgw` gr sweipy thrren`. Et chvhc
4, tlh Drund nf`grhs tlh ph`ectnhs gr s`gw e`d njh jg`dntng`s.
Et chvhc 1, tlh Drund nf`grhs tlh ph`ectnhs gr hxtrhih lhet jg`-
dntng`s. Et Chvhc <, tlh Drund nf`grhs ecc ph`ectnhs rgi ohn`f
u`dhrwethr. Et Chvhc 52, tlh Drund je` rgcc tg jrheth e `hw stefl
oy tekn`f e ucc rgu`d ejtng` retlhr tle` 5 dey. Th DJs tg jrh-
eth e stefl erh 54 wlh` n` e grhst, 51 wlh` n` sweipy erhes, 5<
wlh` n` igu`ten`gus rhfng`s, e`d ?2 wlh` et she.

N`ntneth Iystnj Zefh Incnte`t

@eturh Ettu`hih`t Cgrh Khhphr Ohest Lhechr (J_E)
E Drund je` ohjgih igrh n` tu`h wntl Rert g tlh n`ntnetng` n`tg e Jnrjch ns tg Vgrkn`f gh` wntl e`niecs n` dhh`sh g
`eturh, fen`n`f 5 pgn`t g Qnfgr tlrhslgcd ihigrnzh e pchtlgre g tgpnjs tlet je` `eturh, e Drund je` th`d tg frnhvgus wgu`ds
phr chvhc n` @eturh Ettu`hih`t up tg chvhc jgih n` le`dy tg tlh Drund. Thy je` n` tlhnr ohestcy jgipe`ng`s. E Drund je`
>. Et tlh 52tl chvhc n` @eturh Ett
Ettu`hih`t,
u`hih`t, rgcc tlhnr Cgrh Khhphr Eoncnty n` pcejh g rgcc Ohest Lhechr tg trhet Jrntnjec Vgu`ds
tlh Drund„s Qnfgr
Qnfgr Trhslgcd rns
rnshs
hs oy e`y Vncdhr`hss Zurvnvec, Ig`sthr Cgrh, n`﬏njthd g` Ohests. Tns rgcc wgrks hxejtcy
8 tg e tgtec g 51. @eturh Ettu`hih`t Luie` Rhrjhptng`,
Rhrjhptng`, gr Hdujetng` jlhjks. cnkh tlh Dgjtgr„s Lhecn`f Le`ds eoncnty.
je` oh tren`hd cnkh e`y gtlhr skncc.

_hed @eturh (N@)
Vlh` n` e purhcy `eturec h`vnrg`ih`t,
e Drund je` rgcc _hed @eturh et e DJ
sht oy tlh FI. G` e sujjhss, tlh Drund
rheds tlh snf`s ergu`d tlhi tg cher`
hvhrytln`f tlet pesshd tlrgufl tlet
erhe wntln` tlh cest whhk e`d wlet hejl
jrheturh dnd n` tlh erhe. _hed @eturh
rh`dhrs e vhry cgjecnzhd pnjturh e`d je``gt
trejk tln`fs out fnvhs e vhry dhtenchd
dhsjrnptng` g wlet lepph`hd n` tlh erhe..
Ocggd e`d Og`hs (VNCC)
Oy jestn`f og`hs n` e ogwc ſtcchd wntl ocggd
drew` rgi e phrsg`, tlh Drund je` ecthr
tlh eth g tlet phrsg`. Th Drund rgccs Ocggd
e`d Og`hs efen`st e DJ=52 + tlh terfht„s
VNCC. G` e sujjhss, tlh terfht je` edd lec
tlh Drund„s Ocggd e`d Og`hs vecuh tg g`h
jlhjk iedh ohgrh tlh `hxt su`rnsh. G` e
encurh, tlh terfht je``gt oh`hſtt rgi tlns
eoncnty gr 5 whhk. E sn`fch terfht je` g`cy e`d tlh Drund je` ien`ten` e `uiohr g
oh`hſtt rgi tlns eoncnty g`jh phr shssng`.
Zejrhd Frgvh (VNCC)
E Drund je` tur` e` erhe g `eturh n`tg e
sejrhd frgvh. Tns tekhs 5 lgur, e`d jgvhrs
e` erhe wntl e ?2i rednus. Th Drund
tekhs tlh vecuh g tlhnr Zejrhd Frgvh jlhjk
e`d ushs tlgsh pgn`ts tg edd prgthjtng`s
tg tlhnr sejrhd frgvh. Th Drund e`d
e`yg`h tlhy sphjny erh niiu`h tg tlhsh
prgthjtng`s. Tns frgvh cests gr : ig`tls
frgvhs hquec tg tlhnr Zejrhd Frgvh vecuh.

E`niec Jgipejt (VNCC) Ohstnec Agri Frgvh Fuerdne` (VNCC)

E Drund edds tlhnr E`niec Jgipejt
 vecuh tg e`y Vncdhr`hss
Vncdhr`hss Zurvnvec rgccs
tlhy iekh tg le`dch e`niecs. Th
Drund je` ecsg iekh e jgipejt wntl
e` e`niec. Oy tekn`f e ucc rgu`d e`d
rgccn`f e` E`niec Jgipejt jlhjk et e
DJ sht oy tlh FI, tlhy je` iekh g`h
Ohest
g grhquec
lgurs e`niectgtlhnr
tlhnreccy gr e Jgipejt
E`niec `uiohr
 vecuh. Ig`sthrs
Ig`sthrs erh u`eflhjthd.
X`cgjkn`f e`jnh`t rntuecs eccgws tlh Drund
tg n`jgrpgreth e`niec esphjts n`tg tlhnr
ogdy, tre`sgrin`f n`tg e lyornd gri
wntlgut tekn`f e` ejtng`. Agr hejl ? chvhcs e DJ=52 + tlh jrheturh„s OGD^, tlh jrheturh
tlh Drund les n` Ohstnec Agri, tlhy je` edd
e `hw e`niecnstnj esphjt tg tlhnr lyornd
gri. Eddntng`eccy, wlnch n` tlhnr lyornd
gri, tlh Drund
g e typh je` n`jgrpgrethd,
tlhy levh sphek wntl e`niecs
e`d
ohjgih Aherhd & Lethd oy `g`-drunds.
Oy usn`f e` e`jnh`t rntuec, tlh Drund je`
hipgwhr e` e`niec gr ohest. Oy tekn`f g`h
ucc rgu`d e`d rgccn`f Frgvh Fuerdne` efen`st
frgws tg twnjh nts snzh, nts OGD^ n`jrheshs
oy 8, e`d fen`s e +8 og`us tg deiefh. Tns
og`us eflhjts tlh jrheturhs Dhrnvhd Ztetnstnjs
es whcc. Thtgjrheturh
effrhssnvh h`hinhsecsg ohjgihs
g tlh Drund.lnflcy
Tns
cests gr ?4 lgurs e`d durn`f tlet tnih tlh
drund„s Qnfgr tlrhslgcd ns rhdujhd oy 8.
 

1>

Zejrhd Frgvh Zlephslnat

Rrgthjtng`
Gvhrfrgw` H`vnrg`ih`t
Th pce`ts gnipgsn`f
g jg`trgc, tlh erhe frgw
e -? tgwncdcy
Dgdfh/gut
Hsjeph e`d Etlchtnjs jlhjks.
Cgst
E iefnjec gf shttch ergu`d tlh frgvh
wlnjl grjhs e`yg`h h`thrn`f nt tg iekh
e _hsnst Iefnj DJ=51 tg h`thr tlh erhe.
erfhts wlg enc erh tur`hd ergu`d
e`d niihdnethcy hxnt tlh frgvh.
Rgnsg`hd Lervhst
Dhedcy iefnj suflushs tlh pce`ts g tlh
frgvh jeusn`f jrgps frgw` n` tlh erhe
n`﬏njt tlh pgnsg` hflhjt wlh` heth`.
Inrejch Lervhst
Th pce`ts g tlh frgvh frgw e ogu`tnuc
lervhst dguocn`f tlh `uiohr g
pce`t-oeshd n`frhdnh`ts fetlhrhd
rgi hejl fetlhrn`f jlhjk.
Tgr`s
E wecc g tlgr`y vn`hs sprguts et tlh hdfh
g tlh frgvh e`d e`ytln`f tlet pesshs
tlrgufl nt iust iekh e DJ=51 Etlchtnjs
jlhjk gr suflhr tlh Ochhdn`f jg`dntng`.
j g`dntng`.
Jgst E`niec Hflhjt
Th Drund„s
Drund„s skn` tlnjkh`s e`d
Oger frgws ornstchs. Th Drund fen`s
? +: ZR g` ecc ogdy
og dy cgjetng`s.
Th Drund„s le`ds frgw jcews. Th
jcews dhec 4d1 scesln`f deiefh e`d
Oher
levh 52 _HC. N deiefhd, tlhsh jcews
rhfrgw et e reth g 5 _HC phr dey.
Th Drund„s hers frgw tg e pgn`t e`d tlhnr
52
igutl e`d `gsh jle`fh n`tg e s`gut.
Vgc  Thy fen` tlh oh`hſtts g h`le`jhd sh`shs,
fre`tn`f e +5 tg Ewerh`hss e`d eccgwn`f
tlhi tg rejk tln`fs oy sjh`t ecg`h.
Th Drund„s
Drund„s chfs ohjgih
ohj gih dnfntnfredh
1 e`d urry eccgwn`f tlhi tg chep twnjh
Re`tlhr tlhnr Chep dnste`jh oy usn`f ygur igvh
ejtng` rgi e ste`dn`f stert. Tns chep
je` oh iedh lgrnzg`teccy gr vhrtnjeccy.
Th Drund frgws pgnsg`gus e`fs.
4
Thy fen` e onth ettejk tlet dhecs
Zhrph`t
:d1 deiefh e`d les e 522% jle`jh
tg n`﬏njt tlh Rgnsg` Hflhjt.
Th Drund„s hyhs frgw cerfh e`d
Gwc hetlhrs sprgut ergu`d tlhnr ejh.
52 Thy fen` Zuphrngr @nflt Qnsng`.
Th Drund„s ogdy sprguts ocejk
hetlhrs e`d tlhnr in`d slerph`s
Jrgw  fre`tn`f e +5 tg N@ wlnjl je` rensh
tlhnr N@ eogvh 52. Eddntng`eccy
Eddntng`eccy,
wlh`hvhr tlhy _hpgsntng` tlhy je`
igvh tlhnr ucc ZRD retlhr tle` lec.

Drund„s Znjkch

@eih yph VE Evenc. DIF _HC. Le`ds _@F Hflhjt Jg`j. H@ Vhnflt Jgst
Freppcn`f
Drund„s Znjkch Z/R +2 R :d 1 58 5 @/E C 5 5.8 842
Ochhd (:2%)

Drund„ss Znjkch Dnefrei

Drund„ Dnef rei (Mgur`hyie`)

@eih Jrean`f DJ nih Jgipg`h`ts. N`vhstih`t Jgst.

Lerdh`hd niohr (x?), _hsn` (x5), Ohest
Drund„s Znjkch 56 8 Lgurs Og`hs (x?), Lerdh`hd Chetlhr (x?), :>2 6<2
 Zlerph`n`f Frnt (x4), Zthhc (x?), Ahetlhrs (x:)

 
62

Agrjhs ga @eturh
5?62,
5?62, @ezenr
@ezen r • Rhr
Rhrsg`ec
sg`ec Mgur`ec ga Fcy``ns ver rhler`h
rhler`h
 

65

N levh errnvhd et tlh hsteth g Oerg` Eieury dh Ihcn` tg n`vhstnfeth e  ſtohr. Thsh erh
 ſtohr. erh jcgshd et tlh `hjk e`d
e`d onjhp wnt
wntl
l wndh tgffchs jervhd g
 fetlhrn`f g drunds rgi tlh surrgu`dn`f
surrgu`dn`f erhe. Thrh erh… jg`jhr`s siggtl, yhccgw og`h. Thy jcgtlh tlhnr hht n` gph` oggts wntl streppn`f
es tg tlhnr ejtnvntnhs; sg g﬊jneccy N ei lhrh tg wetjl, esshss, e`d tekh rhejln`f up tlh chf. Et tlhnr slgucdhrs, tlhy wher ie`tchs g ur, hejl
sthps n `hhd oh. Tns mgur`ec wncc shrvh es tlh jgrh g iy rhpgrt wlh` N g e u`nquh jgcgr e`d thxturh. Ie`y g tlh ie`tchs slgw sncvhr tnps,
rhtur` tg tlh Jepntec. Lg`hstcy, N hhc tlh g`cy rhesg` e jedrh g Iefh n`dnjetn`f tlh e`niecs dnhd n` edve`jhd yhers.
Lu`thrs ns`„t ecrhedy h` rguth ns tlet tlhrh inflt oh e chfntnieth jeush  Igu`tn`f
 Igu` tn`f e rnsh, wh jeih upg` tlh gflh`dn`f
gflh`dn`f erjlnthjturh.
erjlnthjturh. Th
 gr tlhnr ruigrhd ejtng`s. Ztncc,
Ztncc, nt„s e` hxjntn`f gppgrtu`nty
gppgrtu`nty tg shh dru-
ndnj wgrkn`fs
wgrkn`fs n` tlh wncd, sg tg sphek. dei wesgrihd
vgnr led e` ufcyn`tln`f g wggd,
e `eturec `encs,
ogwc, wntle`d oe`khd
e scunjh iud, e`d
dnrhjtn`f nts rhshr 
tlh ﬏gw n`tg-
Thrhgrh, N ei snttn`f n` e` hsteth wgrkhr„s tevhr` fcgryn`f n` tlh trh`jlhs duf ohtwhh` tlh rgws g e ﬏gurnsln`f chig` frgvh ohyg`d. Nt
`eih –Th Rucpy Rntl’, snppn`f e fcess g tlh cgjec n`thrprhtetng` g wes g`cy tlh` N rhecnzhd tlh dusty rged wh led trgd tg fht lhrh iust oh
@ncfeerdne` Chig`. Nt„s `gt oed, es tlhsh tln`fs fg, dh Ihcn` et chest tlh jgrrhjt jgursh g tlh rnvhr.
les e` hyh gr dnstnccetng`. Igst g tlh drn`khrs erh jchercy hsteth ceogr- Lhrh, Mgle`` dnrhjthd ih tg tlns jgppnjhd trhh e`d tgcd ih tg snt
hrs, peyn`f n` wggdh` jlnts, e`d tlhrh erh e hw erihd e`d u`ngrihd stncc e`d wetjl. Th`, lh dhpcgyhd lns phgpch g` hntlhr sndh g tlh dei
 fuerds et tlh ohst
ohst teoch. n` rhedn`hss gr tlhnr rntuec.
 El! Th drunds
drunds erh errnvn`f! E`d ohn`f
ohn`f iht oy tlh
tlh erihd ih`… nn Hejl gph`hd tlh scn`f oef tlhy jerrnhd e`d pucchd gut ſtrst e cerfh
tlhrh„s e jg`﬏njt, N led ohtthr stey gut g nt e`d n`trgdujh iyshc ehr -
ehr -  yhccgw cuip
cuip tlh snzh g iy twg ſtsts e`d tlh`
tlh` ou`dchs gg pu`fh`t lhros
lhros
werd tg evgnd jgipcnjetn`f ietthrs. N jgucd sihcc rgi iy ve`tefh pgn`t. Thy k`hedhd tlh cuips u`tnc
Cethr.... tlhy sgh`hd e`d fevh gfl e pgth`t sjh`t g lg`hy, tlh` dnvndhd tlh
Dh Ihcn` ns `gt rhjhptnvh tg tlh drunds„ prgpgsec tg (e`d N qugth) ohhswex n`tg tlrhh, ﬏etth`n`f tlhi n` tlhnr le`ds, e`d wrepphd e pgr-
–rhstgrh tlh ce`d ygu levh vngcethd’. Nt wes qunth tlh snflt, shhn`f lgw tng` g lhros wntln` e jycn`dhr. Thsh jrudh je`dchs whrh sht ergu`d
tlhy rhsnsthd tlh oce`dnslih`ts g tlh fuerds e`d `gteocy tlhnr jep- jep - tlh dei, sgih igcdhd g`tg tlh wggd, sgih snttn`f g` stg`hs tg hntlhr
ten`, wlg ns e `esty pnhjh g wgrk e`d jchercy sph`ds er tgg iujl tnih sndh. Vntl e wlnsphr g Rgwhr, hejl je`dch spru`f tg sigcdhrn`f cnh,
 pgcnsln`f lns erigr
 pgcnsln`f erigr.. sh`dn`f sjh`thd sigkh onccgwn`f n`tg tlh sky.
Th drunds„ chedhr fgt tlh oru`t g tlh orutec ce`fuefh ihthd gut oy  Es e` etth`tnvh
etth`tnvh studh`
studh`t,
t, lhrh ns wlhrh N snsnt,
t, wetjl, e`d wrnth.
wrnth.
tlh fuerds; tlh nssuh g tlhi trhspessn`f g` tlh dh Ihcn` hsteth wes renshd,  Mgle``
 Mgle` ` ste`ds n` tlh rnvhrohd, ohg ohgrh
rh tlh dei. Lh rensh renshss lns le`ds
e`d lh dhjcenihd n` e vgnjh dhsnf`hd tg jerry tlet –tlh ce`d jrnhd gut tg e`d ohfn`s e jle`t N rhfrht N je``gt lher n` su﬊jnh`t dhtenc tg rhjgrd
ih e`d N slecc `gt oh sweyhd’. Th jepten` pgsturhd out u`dhrste`deocy ejjurethcy. Thrh„s e `gth g jgiie`d out ecsg rhsphjt, e`d nt„s jhr-
rhren`hd rgi gvhrt jg`﬏njt wntl hnflt drunds g` e inssng`. ten`cy e`swhrhd. N je` hhc tlh pgwhr ouncdn`f es tlh sigkh swnrcs n`tg
N„vh n`trgdujhd iyshc tg tlh Jnrjch„s Lnhrgple`t, e orusquh fh`- e spnrecn`f jgcui` ohtwhh` tlh prejtntng`hrs.
tchie` oy tlh `eih g Mgle`` Lgccyrggd. N n`dnjethd tlet N wes lhrh Cethr....
 gr purhcy ejedhinj rhesg`s out lh wes levn`f `g`h g nt. _urec tlns N wes sg h`frgsshd n` tlh wgrkn`f tlet N `hercy insshd tlh trhed
ie` iey oh, out lh„s `g ouipkn`. Iy edinssng` tg ohn`f e` efh`t ohln`d ih= e fuerd rgi tlh n``. Jg`sjngus g ogtl lns drew` ocedh
g Fwhnsg` Leuc setnsſthd lni, e`d lh„s eccgwhd tlet N iey mgn` tlhnr e`d g iy `hhd tg `gt dnsturo tlh rntuec N freoohd iy stefl, drgppn`f
 pncfrniefh, sg N iey
iey ohtth
ohtthrr cher` g tl
tlhnr
hnr og`d
og`d wntl tlh `e
`eturec
turec wgrcd. N tlns mgur`ec n` tlh dnrt.
wgucd levh lgphd iy lhrntefh wgucd levh fnvh` ih sgih jrhdnt tlhrh,  E` edve`t
edve`tefh
efh gg tlh stefl
stefl ns tlh
tlh strnkn
strnkn`f
`f dnste`jh
dnste`jh jgipe
jgiperhd
rhd ttgg tlet
tlet g
out lh phffhd ih es e wgie` g tlh jnty et ſtrst fce`jh. Lns sgch jg`dn- e swgrd. Es tlh fuerd drgvh lns ocedh tgwerds iy ejh N sthpphd tg iy
tng` wes tlet N slgucd `hntlhr n`thrhrh `gr ush e`y Rgwhr g iy gw`, rnflt, orn`fn`f tlh jrystec n` nts lhevy igu`t dgw` g` lns ch wrnst wntl
chst nt jeush u`evgreoch rhsg`e`jhs. e setnsyn`f jrejk. Vlnch lh wes gjjupnhd, N rhvhrshd iy stefl, teppn`f lns
N iust esk Mgle`` n lh rheccy dnd lher tlh ce`d jryn`f gut tg lni thipch wntl tlh nrg`-slgd outt, hccn`f lni cnkh e trhh.
e`d n sg, lgw7 Drheis7 Qnsng`s7 E pertnjucercy tecketnvh gx7  Fce`jn`f ergu`d, N sew igrh ih` sthectlncy epprgejln`f tlh drunds,
Th sgurjh g tlh frnhve`jh ns e dei hrhjthd oy dh Ihcn` es e` swgrds drew`. N wes rhedy tg slgut e wer`n`f—tlet inflt levh dnstrejthd
nrrnfetng` prgmhjt. Chig`s, nt shhis, rhqunrh e jg`ste`t sgurjh g wethr, tlhi out chss tle` e` ettejk, wlh` tlh sigkh spu` gut tg e wndhr jnrjch,
e`d retlhr tle` tencgr lns jrgps tg tlh ce`d, lh les deiihd e`d rhdn- wlnppn`f tu`njs e`d drnvn`f oejk tlh erihd ih`, chevn`f tlhi jgufln`f.
rhjthd e trnoutery g tlh Zycth. Zend trnoutery suppcnhs swetlhs g wnc-  Et tlh
tlh dei, tlh pc pce`ks
e`ks wh
whrh
rh dnstgrtn`
dnstgrtn`f,
f, k`g
k`gttn`
ttn`ff ergu
ergu`d
`d hejl gtlhr
gtlhr,,
dhr`hss `gw n` e drguflt, sg tlh drunds erh tekn`f sthps. E cgjec sgcu- jerryn`f tlh je`dchs upwerds es tlhy grihd e jgcui` tecchr tle` e
tng` wncc sevh tlh Hipnrh tlh trguoch g dhecn`f wntl tlh prgochi slgucd ie`. Th wethr fuslhd rhh, ecigst tekn`f Mgle``„s hht rgi oh`hetl
nt stert eflhjtn`f jntnzh`s. lni es tlh jgcui` sprguthd ore`jlhs, chevhs, e`d e jgetn`f g oerk tlet
N lgph tlh drunds„ pce` ns phejhuc; nt wgucd oh e sleih tg cgsh sujl re` ecg`f nts surejh cnkh ihcthd wex. Vntln` igih`ts e lhectly lhectly,, ieturh
e whectl g k`gwchdfh n` tlh weys g Jlegs. trhh stggd g` stnct-rggts n` tlh jh`thr g tlh rhn`stethd rnvhr.
Th weck rgi Th Rucpy Rntl wes `gt gvhrcg`f out dry. N` tlh  Es tlh sigkh
sigkh jcherhd,
jcherhd, tlh drunds tur`hd
tur`hd tlhnr
tlhnr etth`tng
etth`tng`` tg tlhn
tlhnrr
n`thrhsts g prejtnjecnty,
out rhfrhtthd N„d gpthd
iy jlgnjh ehr ihrh gr chffn`fs
in`uths u`dhr strndn`f
g sthedy e trevhcn`f drhss
ecg`f tlh eiouslhrs, ceyn`f eogut wntl weckn`f stevhs es tlhy guflt tg jcher tlhnr
hyhs. Th ſtflt dnd `gt cest cg`f, e`d tlhy whrh frejngus h`gufl tg eccgw
vecchy n` wlnjl tlh hsteth snts. tlhi tg dref ewey tlhnr wgu`dhd, n`jcudn`f iy jg`trnoutng
jg`trnoutng`.
`.
Nt„s wgrtl rhjgrdn`f tlh epphere`jh g tlhsh drunds es tlhy dg `gt  Es tlhy steffhrhd
steffhrhd ewey
ewey,, Mgle``
Mgle`` jecchd ehr tlhi=
tlhi=
drhss n` tredntng`ec Niphrnec gr Ihttn`hsh fero. Thsh `eturh-prnhsts,
 Th ce`d wncc rhstgrh ntshc. Dg `gt rhouncd tlns guc tggc, chst wh
ih` e`d wgih` ecnkh, wher pech tu`njs eccn`f tg ind-k`hh, g sturdy rhtur` wntl @eturh„s ſtrh e`d stgris, n`sthed g lhr fh`tch frgwtl.’ 

6?

Th Iefnjec Iu`de`h
–g oh ogr` wntl h`gufl jg`trgc gvhr iefnj tg ohjgih e sgrjhrhr gr sgrjhrhss ns hxtrhihcy rerh.
Th vest iemgrnty g iefnjeccy tech`thd jlncdrh` erh ogr` wntl must h`gufl fresp g jlegs tg
jrheth e sn`fch, snipch iefnjec hflhjt. Dhspnth ohn`f whcc n` tlh iemgrnty, tlhsh fnhd n`dnvnduecs
erh gh` nf`grhd
nf `grhd oy tlh frhethr iefnjec
iefn jec sgjnhty.
sgj nhty.’’  
Vlh` N wes frgwn`f up n` Gxh`urt tlhrh wes e wgie`
wlg jgucd n`﬏uh`jh tlh whetlhr
wh etlhr g eogut ? squerh ocgjks.
N rhihiohr wlh` tlhrh wes e ocnzzerd g` tlh u`nvhrsnty
jeipus tlh dey tlet ietlhietnjs ſt`ecs whrh tg oh lhcd.
Gtlhr tle` tlet, slh wes `gt whcc-cnkhd. Th n`leonte`ts
g Gxh`urt erh vhry ettejlhd tg tlhnr jnty e`d dg`„t we`t
phgpch ihssn`f wntl nt, hvh` n nt ns tg fnvh tlhi e weri
sprn`f dey n` Me`uery. Hvh`tueccy slh igvhd tg e siecc
 vnccefh g` tlh hihrne` sndh
snd h g tlh rnvhr tlet sphjnecnzhd
sphjnecnzh d
n` frgwn`f squesl. Zlh wes ohcgvhd e`d N lher tlh squesl
whrh ohtthr tle` tlhy led hvhr ohh`.
Thrh erh ie`y phgpch, phrleps 5 n` 822, tlet erh ogr`
wntl e iefnjec tech`t. Thy je` dg g`h tln`f. Thy je` rhpenr
pgt-werh. Thy je` ſt`d cgst fhhsh. Thy inflt hvh` oh eoch
tg iekh wggdh` tln`fs u`orhekeoch. Thy erh usueccy `gt
ogr` n`tg eincnhs wntl ie`nhst iefnj. Lgw tlhsh phgpch
cnvh ns must es vernhd es tlhnr tech`ts. N` tlh Zgutl, es wh„vh
ih`tng`hd ohgrh, tlhsh phgpch gh` etth`d Fwhnsg` Leuc
cg`f h`gufl tg oh hvecuethd, tren`hd, e`d gh` jetecgfhd. N
tlhy erh ſt`dhrs g cgst wethrgwc tlhy wncc cnkhcy oh grjhd tg
pursuh e iu`de`h jerhhr u`chss
u` chss g`h prgvn`jh g @ncfeerd ns
suddh`cy pcefuhd oy inssn`f fhhsh. N` tlh guthr prgvn`jhs g
@ncfeerd, tlhsh phgpch erh sgihtnihs lnddh` ewey oy pertn-
se`s n` jesh g`h dey tlhnr
tlh nr eoncntnhs inflt lhcp n` e` uprnsn`f.
Thsh cninthd iefnj ushrs levh e` edve`tefh gvhr iefhs.
Thy dg `gt `hhd tg oh tren`hd oy e ih`tgr. N ch tg tlhnr
gw` dhvnjhs tlhy wncc `gt fg ied. Hvh` prgvn`jnecs wlg erh
`gt
wntlgvhrcy g`d g tg
tlh pgth`tnec @ncfeerd
oh iefhsu`dhrste`d tlet phgpch
iust oh tren`hd ogr`
tlh hesnhst
pcejh tg ſt`d tlet tren`n`f ns Fwhnsg` Leuc.
N` tlh @grtl, tlhsh cninthd iefnj-ushrs je` oh shh` n`
6:
∟Fcy``ns ver rhler`h
rhler`h
oy dgusn`f, tlhy wncc usueccy oh shh` evgreocy. N tlhy je`
jg`trgc g`h phrsg` gr e hw in`uths gr sht tln`fs g` ſtrh
rgi e dnste`jh, tlhy erh rhquh`tcy jecchd wntjlhs e`d
ohjgih sjephfgets n` tlhnr jgiiu`ntnhs. Ie`y g tlhsh
phgpch chevh tlhnr vnccefh gr `hnflogrlggd e`d we`dhr
u`tnc tlhy ſt`d e pcejh wlhrh `hws g tlhnr eoncnty les `gt
rhejlhd e`d tlhrh tlhy shttch, prgoeocy lndn`f tlhnr eonc-
nty. Thy erh fh`hreccy shh` es petlhtnj oy igrh pgwhruc
iefhs e`d tlhy je``gt cher` tg drew e`d ush iefnj. Zn`jh
Te`hdd, ruchrs, cnkh Kn`f _edgvnd, dnstrust ecc iefnj.
Thnr ohcnh ﬏gws gut tg tlh jgiig` phgpch wlg erh tlh`
igrh suspnjngus g iefnj n` ecc nts gris. _edgvnd„s wntjl
lu`thrs dg errhst phgpch wntl cninthd iefnj. Zgih hvh`
sphjnecnzh n` nt es nt ns e` hesy wey tg fht ogu`tnhs. N` erhes
cnkh sgutlhr`
g` tlh frgu`d,hihrne e`d erh
tlh phgpch Ehdnr`,
igrhwlhrh eutlgrnty
eutlgrnt
gph` tg y ns tlet
e`ytln`f tln`
inflt lhcp tlhi.
G`h vnccefh inflt oh eoch tg iekh u`orhekeoch oger
sphers. E`gtlhr iey ouncd up e pgtthry
pgtthry tredh tlet je` rhpcejh
tlhnr sjgrjlhd ſthcds. N` tlhsh jeshs, tlh iefnj ushr je` ush
tlhnr skncc tg jrheth e fggd cnh gr tlhishcvhs.
tlh ishcvhs. Out sgihtnihs
`gtgrnhty ns e jursh. N wgrd fhts gut tlet e jlncd je` jleri
ſtsl tg e oget, tlhy iey ſt`d tlhishcvhs stgch` n` tlh `nflt
e`d jlen`hd tg tlh iest g e ſtsln`f oget.o get.
@g g`h les dhvhcgphd e fggd hxpce`etng` gr wly cninthd
iefnj gjjurs e`d wly g`h pertnjucer phrsg` rhjhnvhs nt. G`h
iefh les suffhsthd tlet phrleps tlhsh phgpch whrh hxpgshd
tg e cerfh jlerfh g iefnj es jlncdrh` gr phrleps hvh` n` tlh
wgio. Zgih n`thrprht nt es e rhcnfngus fn. Zgih tlet nt ns tlh
rhsuct g hxtrhih treuie. Thy suffhst tlet cninthd iefnj
ns igrh jgiig` sn`jh tlh wers sterthd. Jhrten`cy e cgt g
  verngus weys. N tlhy je` n`jrhesh tlh jrgp, gr ſt`d wethr phgpch erh hxphrnh`jn`f treuie n` tlhsh tnihs.

 
64

Zgcd g
Th Zgutl
–Frni ousn`hss out N
g`jh led tlh lg`gr g
lhcpn`f g`h g tlhsh cnttch
sprguts durn`„ tlh shjg`d
wer. Lhl, cnttch Jnder-
ne` ogy, `g tecchr tle`
ih. Rerh`ts gu`d gut
lh jgucd slerph` ocedhs
wntl lns in`d e`d trnhd
tg oerthr lni gfl tg tlh
Ocejk G`hs gr ig`hy gr
sehty gr sujl. Agu`d tlh
knd g` tlh ru` ehr sgih
Qhrdh`ne` rhohcs led lnt
tlh Ocejk G`hs g` tlhnr
wey pest Grtl. @njh ced,
whcc-ohlevhd jg`snd-
hrn`„. Drgpphd lni gfl n`
Khrejk wntl e rnh`d g
in`h wlg„d cggk gut gr
lni.’  Ohn`f Iefnjeccy Fnhd dghs `gt n`ntneccy jle`fh ygur jlerejthr„s Zgjnec Zte`dn`f out n ygu
—_gdgc Kezihr
Iefnjec
Iefnjec Fnats
g igst phgpch g` tlh Jg`tn`h`t, levn`f iefnj ns sy`g`yigus wntl ohn`f e prnhst, drund, gr
iefh. Out tlet ns`„t
ns`„t hxejtcy truh. E`y iefh wncc thcc ygu tlet sgrjhrhrs e`d ssgrjhrhsshs
grjhrhsshs erh tlh igst
pgwhruc
erh rheccy g tlhjepeoch
g`cy iefnjeccy fnhd.g`h
g dgn`f Thsiecc
iemgrnty
tesk.gThnr
phgpch
fnwlg erh fnhd
ns usueccy wntl tlhe`d
shc-teuflt pgwhrs
tlhnrgettu`h-
Jlegs
ih`t ns sujl tlet tlhy erh n`jepeoch g jle``hcn`f h`gufl iefnj tg cher` sphccs, n`vgjetng`s,
gr gtlhr gris g iefnj. N` sgih jeshs, fnhd n`dnvnduec erh studh`ts g iefnj ejedhinhs wlg
prgvhd n`jepeoch
n`jepeoch g lnflhr cher`n`f e`d whrh hxphcchd
hx phcchd gr drgpphd gut.
N` jlerejthr jrhetng`, n e pceyhr fhts phrinssng` rgi tlhnr Feih Iesthr, tlhy je` jlggsh tg
fnvh tlhnr jlerejthr g`h g tlh 54 Iefnjec Fns et tlh jgst g tekn`f
tek n`f tlh ietjln`f Zndh Hflhjt. Th
jlerejthr fen`s ejjhss tg tlns Iefnjec Fn e`d e Qnfgr
Qnfgr Trhslgcd g ?. Iefhs, Drunds, Rrnhsts, e`d
Vntjlhrs je``gt tekh e Iefnjec Fn e`d `hntlhr je` e`y jlerejthr g e rejh tlet ns n`jepeoch g
ohn`f e Iefh. Aurtlhrigrh, u`cnkh e Iefh, Vntjlhr,
Vntjlhr, Drund, gr Rrnhst, e Iefnjeccy Fnhd jlerejthr
ns `gt ettu`hd h`gufl tg Jlegs tg cher` e`y `hw`h w iefnj gr prgphrcy utncnzh e Agjus.
Iefnjec Fns jgihs et twg dnflhrh`t chvhcs dh`gthd oy tlhnr
t lhnr Ztein`e Jgst e`d Dn﬊jucty. Chsshr
Iefnjec Fns levh e Ztein`e
Ztein`e Jgst g 5, je` oh jjest
est es e` ejtng`, e`d dg `gt levh e DJ. Thsh fns
drew g` sg cnttch Jlegs tlet tlh ushr dghs`„t hvh` levh tg rgcc e Zphcc Jestn`f jlhjk tg jest tlhi.
Iemgr Iefnjec Fns g` tlh gtlhr le`d, levh e Ztein`e jgst
j gst g ?, rhqunrh e ucc rgu`d tg jest, e`d
tlh jesthr iust ohet e DJ=> Zphcc Jestn`f jlhjk tg phrgri tlh hflhjts g tlet fn.
erh jeuflt usn`f iefnj ygu wncc oh essuihd tg oh
o h e Iefh oy tlh i
iemgrnty
emgrnty g phgpch, ihe`n`f tlet
ygur Zgjnec Zte`dn`f jle`fhs tg tlet g e Iefh wntl e`yg`h wlg sew ygu gr ohcnhvhs tlh wgrd g
sgihg`h wlg sew ygu.

In`gr Fnats Aher Eure Achht ga Aggt

Jeci E`niecs
Zphcc Jestn`f DJ= @/E
ZE Jgst= 5
Hflhjt= Es e` ejtng`, ygu
je` jeci e Ohest tlet dghs
`gt levh e Ihdnui gr Lerd
Trhet _etn`f. Ehr tlns
hflhjt, tlh Ohest jg`sndhrs
ygu e`d ygur eccnhs rnh`dcy
e`d wncc `gt ettejk u`chss
prgvgkhd.
Zndh-Hflhjt= Ohests g Trhet
_etn`f Ihdnui gr Lerd erh
h`refhd oy ygurwnccprhsh`jh
e`d n pgssnoch, prngrn-
tnzh ettejkn`f ygu gvhr gtlhr
terfhts.
Zphcc Jestn`f DJ= @/E
ZE Jgst= 5
Hflhjt= Es e` ejtng`, ygu erh
eoch tg hint e` eure g pecpe-
och her. Hvhryg`h wntln` 4i
g ygu iust iekh e DJ=5?
_hsnst Iefnj jlhjk gr oh
rnflth`hd e`d tekh e -? tg
e`y ejtng` iedh efen`st ygu
gr ?4 lgurs.
Zndh-Hflhjt=   ^gu jgu`t es
g`h chvhc cgwhr g` tlh Zgjnec
Zte`dn`f Jlert (In`niui
Lethd) e`d ihiohrs g ygur
gw` rejh `gw trhet ygu es
gchrethd n`sthed g Hquec.
Zphcc Jestn`f DJ= @/E
ZE Jgst= 5
Hflhjt=  Es e` ejtng`, ygu
je` dguoch tlh re`fh g ygur
CHER gr 5 _gu`d.
Zndh-Hflhjt= Vlh` ygu erh
k`gjkhd oejk, ygu trevhc e`
eddntng`ec 4i, rensn`f tlh
pgssnoch deiefh tekh` rgi
lnttn`f e` gomhjt.

Frhh` Tuio
Zphcc Jestn`f DJ= @/E
ZE Jgst= 5
Hflhjt=  Es e` ejtng`, ygu je` frgw e
siecc pce`t rgi shhd tg ieturnty. Tns
eccgws ygu tg frgw lhros e`d ecjlhinjec
pce`ts out `gt cerfhr pce`ts sujl es trhhs.
Zndh-Hflhjt= E`y ecjlhinjec jg`jgj-
tng` ygu jrheth wntl e pce`t-dhrnvhd
suoste`jh es g`h g nts n`frhdnh`ts
fnvhs ygu tlh pgnsg`hd jg`dntng` es
whcc es tlh n`th`dhd hflhjt wlh` ygu
ush nt.
In`usjuch Nccusng`
Zphcc Jestn`f DJ= @/E
ZE Jgst= 5
Hflhjt= Es e` ejtng`, ygu erh eoch tg
jrheth e` nccusng` wntln` 4i tlet ſtccs e
5i juohd spejh. Tns nccusng` iust oh
snipch e`d ns g`cy vnsuec.
Zndh-Hflhjt=   ^gu tekh e -: ph`ecty tg
dhthrin`n`f wlhtlhr e` nccusng` ns
rhec gr `gt.
Rnfih`t
Zphcc Jestn`f DJ= @/E
ZE Jgst= 5
Hflhjt= Es e` ejtng`, ygu je` iekh e
ierk wntl ygur le`d g` e surejh
sur ejh tlet
les e jgcgr ygu dhsnrh tlet je` gptng`-
eccy fcgw,
fcgw, slgucd ygu dhsnrh. Th fcgw-
n`f ierk renshs tlh cnflt chvhc oy 5 gr
4i ecc ergu`d nt (Iexniui Deycnflt).
G`jh ygu levh iedh e ierk ygu je`
tekh e` e`gtlhr ejtng` es cg`f es ygu
erh wntln` 4i tg iekh tlh ierk hint
e ﬏esl g Fcern`f Cnflt gr g`h rgu`d
ehr wlnjl nt dnsepphers.
Zndh-Hflhjt=   Vlh` sgihg`h wntln`
52i g ygu suflhrs e iefnj uioch
hflhjt, ygu suflhr tlh hflhjt es whcc. N
ygu suflhr e iefnjec uioch ygu dg
`gt suflhr e shjg`d hflhjt.
Iemgr Fnats
Ehrgkn`hsns
Zphcc Jestn`f DJ= >
ZE Jgst= ?
Hflhjt= Es e ucc rgu`d ejtng`, ygu je`
ie`npucethh up tg 8 H@J g iethrnec et
ie`npucet
e re`fh g <i es n ygu whrh lgcdn`f nt.
Zndh-Hflhjt= Vlh`hvhr ygu erh k`gjkhd
prg`h gr k`gjkhd oejk ygu erh ecsg
rhdujhd tg 52 ZE u`chss ygu whrh jur-
rh`tcy et gr ohcgw 52 ZE.
Jrygkn`hsns
Zphcc Jestn`f DJ= >
ZE Jgst= ?
Hflhjt= Es e ucc rgu`d ejtng`, ygu je`
rhhzh up tg
gr e sn`fch ? squerh
terfht ihthrs
wntln` <i. g cnqund
Zndh-Hflhjt= Vlh`hvhr ygu levh e
jle`jh g ohn`f rgzh`, ygu erh `g
ietthr wlet. Eddntng`eccy, n`sthed g
tlh ste`derd Argzh` jg`dntng` ygu
rhdujh ygur ZRD oy 1 e`d _HA oy 4.
Dhthjt Rgnsg`
Zphcc Jestn`f DJ= >
ZE Jgst= ?
Hflhjt= Es e ucc rgu`d ejtng`, ygu je`
sihcc e suoste`jh tg dhthjt wlhtlhr nt
les ohh` pgnsg`hd.
Zndh-Hflhjt=  Vlh`hvhr ygu wgucd fen`
tlh N`tgxnjethd gr Rgnsg`hd jg`dntng`s,
ygu erh eddntng`eccy @eushethd gr tlh
duretng` g tlgsh jg`dntng`s.
Agrtnay  Zgjnec Zte`dn`f ns jg`sndhrhd tg oh
Zphcc Jestn`f DJ= >
ZE Jgst= ?
Hflhjt= Es e ucc rgu`d ejtng`, ygu je`
n`jrhesh tlh _hcneoncnty gr ZR g e`
nthi ygu je` tgujl oy 5. E` nthi je`
g`cy oh`hſtt rgi Agrtny g`jh.
Zndh-Hflhjt=   N ygu jgih wntln` 4i
g e`y eigu`t g dnihrntnui ygu cgsh
ecc Qnfgr Trhslgcd e`d iust iekh
e` H`dure`jh rgcc et e -: efen`st tlh
68
Fhgkn`hsns
Zphcc Jestn`f DJ= >
ZE Jgst= ?
Hflhjt= Es e ucc rgu`d ejtng`, ygu
je` jrheth e trhigr wntl e <i rednus
jh`thrhd g` ygurshc. E`yg`h wntln`
tlns erhe iust iekh e DJ=54 Etlchtnjs
jlhjk gr ecc prg`h e`d oh steffhrhd.
Zndh-Hflhjt=   N ygu wgucd suflhr tlh
Zteffhrhd jg`dntng` ygu erh n`sthed
Ztu``hd gr 5 rgu`d.
Ryrgkn`hsns
Zphcc Jestn`f DJ= >
ZE Jgst= ?
Hflhjt= Es e ucc rgu`d ejtng`, ygu je`
cnflt e ſtrh gr put gut e ſtrh. ^gu je`
cnflt g`h gomhjt gr terfht wntln` <i g`
ſtrh. ^gu je``gt terfht ygurshc wntl
tlns eoncnty.
Zndh-Hflhjt= Vlh`hvhr ygu levh e
jle`jh g ohn`f jeuflt g` ſtrh ygu erh
jeuflt g` ſtrh `g ietthr wlet.
Zhh Eure
Zphcc Jestn`f DJ= >
ZE Jgst= ?
Hflhjt= Es e ucc rgu`d ejtng`, ygu je`
shh tlh eure g ecc terfhts wntln` <i
g ygu. Tns eure thccs ygu wlet tlh
Qnfgr Trhslgcd
Zndh-Hflhjt=  ^gu g hejl
fnvh gfl terfht ns.
e te`fnoch
tn`fch tlet echrts e`yg`h wlg tgujlhs
ygu tg ygur iefnjec jepeoncnty.
jepeoncnty. Tns
wncc iekh ie`y phgpch essuih ygu
erh e iefh. Ohjeush g tlns ygur
tlet g e iefh.
 Vhepg`
 Vhepg` Lg`n`f 
Lg`n`f 
Zphcc Jestn`f DJ= >
ZE Jgst= ?
Hflhjt= Es e ucc rgu`d ejtng`, ygu je`
edd e ?8% Ochhd jle`jh tg e whepg`
tlet dhecs Rnhrjn`f gr Zcesln`f
deiefh.
Zndh-Hflhjt= Vlh`hvhr ygu levh e
jle`jh g ochhdn`f, ygu ochhd `g
 Dnihrntnui Hflhjt eoch. ietthr wlet.

 
61

ejt
ejtnjec
njec Ru
Rurs
rsu
unts
5?6?, Oe` Erd • re`sjrnohd oy Echj Qg` Kerst

Vn`thr n` Oe` Erd ns jrnsp, jcher, e`d jru`jly. G` tlh gutsknrts, tlh she-
sg`„s s`gweccs ceyhr upg` hejl gtlhr, u`dnsturohd sevh oy lu`tn`f e`n-
iecs e`d h`tlusnestnj ygu`fsthrs.
Vlnjl wes wly, Hejle` tlguflt, nt wes u`enr tlet tgdey„s pce`s gr  
ouncdn`f e`d slepn`f cest `nflt„s s`gwecc whrh fgn`f tg oh run`hd oy tlh
 grjhs g
g Hvnc.
 yherLh
 yherss lnsecweys
sh`ngr,tlguflt
sh`ngr, g ogys
tlh gcdhr gigswhrh e`d Dyce`
whectly
whec cnkh
tly,, jg tlet;
jg`vn` jhdHvnc,
`vn`jhd lhyonf
ttlhy wh –H’.
whrh
rh d Trhh
dhstn
hstn`hd
`hd
tg oh g﬊jhrs wlh` tlhy wh`t tg wer. Ie`y g tlh jnty„s etlhrs led ch
ecrhedy, e`d nt shhihd tg Hejle` tlet tlh eriy led h`gufl phgpch ecrhedy.  
 Es n tlhy rhed lns tlgufl
tlguflts,ts, tlh twg ygu`f ih` freoohd e le`duc
g stg`hs rgi tlh n`` yerd wlhrh Hejle` led esshiochd lns rnh`ds.
Th cnttch g`hs cnkhd lni, cggkhd up tg lni, e`d whrh fggd et gccgwn`f
grdhrs n` lns feihs.
@gw tlhy slhcthrhd ohln`d lni es gigs tgsshd e stg`h. Nt ﬏hw wndh
g tlh ierk, out Dyce` wes rhedy tg gccgw-up. Dyce`„s etlhr wes e
ihrjle`t e`d thejln`f lns sg` tlh eincy ousn`hss n`vgcvhd levn`f lni
cuffn`f oechs ergu`d rgi dhcnvhrnhs. Thrh wes e cgt g Dyce`.
Tns tnih tlh tlrgw wes g` terfht. Hejle` sew nt lhedn`f strenflt gr
 
lns ejh e`d ﬏n`jlhd ewey. N` lns lhed, lh hct e slerp *s`njk* e`d tlh
stg`h insshd lni, jcetthrn`f gfl tlh kntjlh` wn`dgw slutthr.
–Zte`d stncc, ygu cnttch oesterd!’ Dyce`„s ejh twnsthd n` e`fhr.
Ztu`f, Hejle`„
Hejle`„s rhtecnetng` wes gut ohohgrh
grh lns sh`s
sh`shh jgucd stgp lns igutl.
–N„vh fgt e ded e`d e iui, e`d N k`gw wlg tlhy erh!’ 
Nt wes stupnd; wgrsh, nt wes rudh, e`d tlh ouccnhs iedh lni hhc nt, sh`d-
n`f e penr g stg`hs strenflt e`d truh. Ohln`d lni, tlh ygu`fsthrs squhechd
 
e`d Hejle` hct purh e`fhr es tlet n`thr`ec *s`njk* jeih efen` e`d tlh
inssnchs znpphd esndh. G`h ogu`jhd lerichssc
lerichsscyy gfl tlh wecc, tlh gtlhr
gtlhr....
....
–El!’ 
Hejle` tur`hd n` lgrrgr tg shh lns igtlhr `hxt tg tlh kntjlh`
dggr, ruoon`f e jut eogvh lhr hyh. Zhhn`f lns dnstrejtng`, gigs
drhw oejk lns eri. Th `hxt igih`t jgucd levh fg`h oedcy, out gr;
–H@GXFL.’ Th wgrd wes `gt slguthd, nt wes stethd, jerryn`f tlh
whnflt g prejtnjh e`d wntl `g tnih gr `g`sh`sh.
Th sphekhr wes tlh g`cy fuhst tlh n`` led, e` hc-wgie` wntl cg`f
ocg`dh lenr orendhd tnflt tg lhr lhed. Zlh strgdh gut g tlh dggr e`d fezhd et
tlh esshiochd jlncdrh` wntl e rgw`.
 rgw`. Ehr e cg`f igih`t, slh spgkh efen`,
n` tlet whnrd ieyoh-@ezenrn ejjh`t lh„d `gthd wlh` slh errnvhd e whhk efg.
–^gu twg erh tgg gcd gr sujl insjlnh. Fg.’ gigs e`d Dyce` rgjkhd
oejk, out tur`hd e`d steckhd ewey. Dyce` tgsshd e s`hhrn`f erhwhcc gvhr
lns slgucdhr, –Must es whcc ygur etlhr ch gr tlh wer! Vlh` lh„s kncchd,
lh wg`„t oh eoch tg dntjl ygu gr e rhec sg`!’  n``. Th siecc g`hs pgu`dhd gvhr, rhd-ejhd e`d sincn`f.
Hejle`„s vnsng` ocurrhd wntl e`fry thers e`d lh sterthd grwerd
wntl `g tlguflt out tg grjh tlgsh wgrds oejk dgw` Dyce`„s tlrget. Lns  
igtlhr wes esthr, spn``n`f lni tg ejh lhr.
–Ogy, ygu erh e ggc! Vh„cc oh cujky n tlhnr eincnhs dg`„t tekh tlh
n``!’ Zlh pucchd lni tgwerds tlh dggr, out tlh gdd fuhst sthpphd n`tg
tlhnr petl e`d spgkh fh`tcy.
–Iedei Fncrhetl, pchesh, phrint ih tg sphek wntl ygur sg`. N„i jhr-
ten` tlh jlncd ihe`t `g leri.’  wecc. Zgg` tlh enr wes ucc g s`gwoeccs erjn`f ejrgss tlh yerd e`d tlh
–N dg`„t `hhd e` hc„s lhcp tg rensh iy sg`! Dg ygu hvh` levh jlnc-
drh`7’ Lns igtlhr ecc out spet.
Hejle` wetjlhd n` purh slgjk es tlh fuhst cgjkhd hyhs wntl lns  
igtlhr e`d frnp g` lns eri scejkh`hd.
–@g, N dg `gt levh tlet lg`gr. Out N ei e thejlhr. Rchesh. Eccgw ih  
tg lhcp.’  wes cyn`f, e sperh hw ig`tls rgi ren`n`f dhetl e`d lgrrgr g` tlhsh
66
Th fuhst jest lhr fezh gvhr tlh yerd es Hejle` e`d tlh feffch g
siecc g`hs luddchd tgfhtlhr tryn`f tg fg u``gtnjhd. g tlhsh cest, slh
sinchd e`d send, –Vh wncc levh e feih wlh` N levh teckhd wntl ygur
rnh`d. Je` ygu iekh s`gwoeccs7’ H`tlusnestnj
H`tlusnestnj `gds. –Th` iekh es
ie`y es ygu je`, e`d e wecc tg lndh ohln`d. Gvhr tlhrh, `hxt tg tlh
trhhs.’ Th jlncdrh` sjeiphrhd gfl tg tlhnr tesk.
–Inss, wlg
N` rhpcy, tlherh
hc ygu7’ 
chd Hejle` tg tlh er sndh g tlh yerd.
–Iy `eih ns Fcy``ns. E`d N tln`k ygu `hhd iy lhcp. N wetjlhd wlet
ygu dnd tg tlh
tlh stg`hs.
stg`hs. Ves
Ves tlet tlh ſtrst tnih7’ 
tnih7’ 
Ztu``hd oy lhr ocu`t`hss, Hejle`„s n`stn`jt wes tg dh`y hvhrytln`f,
out lhr dnrhjt fezh ch lni surh slh„d k`gw. Lh cggkhd ewey.
–@-`g. Zgihtnihs… tln`fs igvh wlh` N we`t tlhi7 Zn`jh N wes e
oeoy. Ded we`thd ih thsthd, out tlh iefnjne`s et tlh sjlggc, tlhy send N
wes wgrtlchss.’ Th ihigry stu`f, tlgufl lh wes`„t jhrten` wly.
–Jlncd, ygu dhh`dhd ygur rnh`ds.’ Fcy``ns snflhd. –^gu erh `g sgr-
jhrhr n` wentn`f, out tlns pgwhr ns er rgi wgrtlchss.’ Zlh renshd lhr
vgnjh. –Jgih, jlncdrh`, tnih gr e oettch! Ecc g ygu efen`st Hejle`! Ogy,
ygu wncc stgp
stgp tlh s`gwoeccs,
s`gwoeccs, u`dhrste
u`dhrste`d7
`d7 Dg`
Dg`„t
„t tln`k,
tln`k, dg.’’  
Oefflhd, Hejle` `gddhd e`d freoohd e le`duc g s`gw e`d led
oerhcy grihd nt wlh` tlh ſtrst wevh strujk wntl e shrnhs g wht sceps e`d
ceuflthr. Lh frn``hd et tlh `hxt ettejk, dgdfn`f igst e`d wevn`f g`h
esndh. Th jlncdrh` fesphd, fnffchd, e`d rherihd; tlns tnih lh dh﬏hjthd
twg oeccs e`d lhcd e`gtlhr gr e igih`t ohgrh sh`dn`f nt oejk. Es e
cerfh, wht hxeipch cghd tgwerds lni, Fcy``ns„ vgnjh suddh`cy wlns-
phrhd n` lns
lns lhed tlgufl
tlgufl slh stggd
stggd jcher g tlh
tlh hxjle`fh;
hxjle`fh;
–^gur etlhr ch ygu.’ Th oecc stgpphd es Hejle` rgzh. –^gu„rh e
ushchss rhek, lh leths ygu.’ 
Lns orhetl jeih est, wgrds tryn`f tg spncc gut. Th s`gwoecc lu`f
n` tlh enr, slekn`f—e`d tlh` hxpcgdhd n` lns ejh. _efh ve`nslhd es lh
spcutthrhd, wnpn`f lns hyhs e`d igutl. Fcy``ns lhcphd jcher lns vnsng`.
Lhr le`ds fh`tch g` lns ejh.
–Jlncd, wlh` e`fry, ygu cgsh jg`trgc. Rgwhr dghs `gt ve`nsl, out
wntlgut jg`trgc…’ 
Higtng`s jlur`n`f, Hejle` sterhd et lhr.
–E ejh-ucc g s`gw7’ 
–Et ohst. G`h dey ygu iey ejh gtlhr tln`fs.’ Fcy``ns oruslhd lhr
le`ds dry g` lhr sknrt e`d jecchd gut, –Jgih lhrh, jlncdrh`! E`d tlet
n`jcudhs ygu twg, N shh ygu skuckn`f. Jgih e`d cnsth`.’ 
gigs e`d Dyce` scgujlhd gut g tlhnr lndn`f pcejh et tlh sndh g tlh
–G`h dey, ecc g ygu wncc ſtflt. Vlh` tlet lepph`s, yguy gu iey `gt levh
ygur rnh`d et ygur sndh. ^gu jgucd levh e stre`fhr
stre`fhr gr g`h ygu leth. Nt
ietthrs `gt. Tet„s wly tlns tnih, tlhsh twg wncc tlrgw gr ygu, Hejle`,
e`d ygu wncc dhh`d tlhi. @g, dg `gt prgthst. ^gu erh tg oh ih` sgg`
e`d tlns chssg` ns gr ygu ecsg. @gw, cht oettch jgiih`jh!’ 
_hcujte`tcy et ſtrst, out wntl n`jrhesn`f h`tlusnesi, gigs e`d
Dyce` sjggphd s`gw e`d lurchd nt et tlh jlncdrh` ohln`d tlhnr dhh`snvh
ceuflthr g jlncdrh`. Hejle` stggd tecc, dh﬏hjtn`f e`d ourstn`f s`gw-
oeccs tlet tlrheth`hd lns thei wntl igrh jg`ſtdh`jh hejl igih`t e`d e
frgwn`f sinch
sinch g` lns
lns cnps.
Fcy``ns rhtrhethd tg tlh sndhcn`hs, wetjln`f tlh feih. Lhr g`d sinch
edhd es slh cggkhd Zgutl tg wlhrh tlh eriy slh led out rhjh`tcy ch
 hejl tlns cnttch ndngt `gt tg fht lnishc kncchd oy lns ohtthrs! E`d lns n``gjh`ts. Jgucd slh wer` tlhi7 
igtlhr stgiphd n`sndh, sceiin`f tlh dggr. –Cht tlhi oh jlncdrh`,’ Fcy``ns wlnsphrhd, –n g`cy tgdey.’ 

6<

E Jgipncetng`
ga Jlegs
–_hsherjln`f e`d rhſt`n`f e `hw sphcc je` tekh ig`tls gr yhers e`d tlh
jgst n` rhsgurjhs, lhed-pen`, e`d schhpchss `nflts je` oh lnfl. Nt„s e ietthr
g in`gr wg`dhr tg ih tlet sg ie`y sphccs iekh tlhnr wey ergu`d tlh
wgrcd n`tejt e`d ecigst h`tnrhcy prhdnjteoch n` tlhnr hflhjts.’  khhp e` gph` in`d e`d
Tns jlepthr ns e jgipncetng` rgi ie`y
sgurjhs. Fcy``ns les jg`trnouthd sphccs
e`d rntuecs `gt shh` n` tlh @grtl. _gdgc
les jgcchjthd stgrnhs g lhxhs e`d rntuecs.
Iy cnorery les ohh` re`sejkhd gr sphccs
e`d n`vgjetng`s. Vh levh sph`t lgurs pgr-
n`f gvhr tlh cnorery et Oe` Erd es tlh s`gw
hcc. Vh sherjlhd tlh Gxh`urt cnorery, e`d
tlh
gvhrprnveth cnorernhs
tlh yhers. gejk`gwchdfh
N iust iy jg`tejts ounct up
tlh lhcp
g tlh cnorerne` g tlh Jlurjl g tlh Hthr-
`ec Aceih n` @gvnfred. Hvh`tueccy wh iedh
jg`tejt wntl tlh eochd cnorery et Ce` Hxhthr
oy ihfesjgph. Ohtwhh` ecc tlhsh pcejhs wh
gu`d e trhesurh trgvh g sphccs, n`vgjetng`s,
rntuecs, e`d lhxhs. Zgih @grtlhr` sgrjhr-
hrs e`d sgrjhrhsshs lhcphd us out esk tg
rhien` `eihchss. Gddcy wh gu`d tlet wlh`
wh trucy jg`vn`jhd phgpch, gah` jgipchth
stre`fhrs, tlet wh whrh studyn`f iefnj e`d
jgcchjtn`f frhet k`gwchdfh sg tlet `gtln`f
wgucd oh cgst, ie`y g tlhi gph`hd up e`d
jgucd lerdcy stgp teckn`f. G jgursh, wh usu-
eccy sh`t Fcy``ns n` ſtrst.
N` tlh h`d wh fetlhrhd ecc gur n`grie-
6>
Th Nipgrte`jh
ga Cher`n`f 
–Th frhethst h`hiy g
iefnj ns e`d les ecweys
ohh` nf`gre`jh. Ecc iy
cnh N levh strnvh` tg
nccuin`eth tlh in`ds g
iefnjne`s e`d ceyphgpch,
 ygu`f e`d gcd, n` lgphs
g steipn`f gut tlns nf`g-
re`jh wlhrhvhr pgssnoch.
Rchesh, es ygu rhed tlns
jlepthr, dg ygur ohst tg
e` gph` lhert. Iefnj ns
∟Fcy``ns ver rhler`h
rhler`h jepeoch g sg ie`y wg`-
dhruc tln`fs n nt ns jg`-
trgcchd.’ 
—Fcy``ns ver rhler`h
wh pgrhd gvhr gur `gths, hcnin`etn`f tln`fs
tlet shhihd g duongus eutlh`tnjnty. Fcy``ns
trnhd ie`y g tlh sphccs wh levh n`jcudhd.
Zlh dhjndhd tlet sphccs levh –dnechjts’ g
lgw iefnj ns ushd ohtwhh` tlh Zgutl, tlh
@grtl, e`d tlh nsce`ds. Vh dhjcn`hd tg try
tlh n`vgjetng`s es `g`h g us hct sunjnh`tcy
rhcnfngus tg jg`tejt e`y fgds gr grjhs. Vh
hxphrnih`thd wntl sgih rntuecs e`d _gdgc
e`d N etthipthd tg vh`turh n`tg tlh lhxhs
lhxh s out
surprnsn`fcy
surprnsn` fcy wh cejkhd tlh gjushd iecnjh.
Et nrst N tlguflt tlet jurshs wgucd iekh
e` n`thrhstn`f jlepthr out Fcy``ns wes
efen`st nt. Zlh send tlet jurshs whrh vhry
phrsg`ec tln`fs, h`tnrhcy nrrhprgdujnoch; N
erfuhd tlet tlhy jhrten`cy iedh gr fggd stg-
rnhs. Out _gdgc „s gutcggk wes tlet tlh lhxhs
whrh oed h`gufl e`d dnd wh rheccy we`t tg
dggi e frhet `uiohr g igtlhrs-n`-cew e`d
n`jg`vh`nh`t ousn`hss pert`hrs. Argi tlhrh
N„i erend tlh jg`vhrsetng` dhfh`hrethd n`tg
snccn`hss e`d n` tlh h`d wh ogwhd tg Fcy``ns„
fggd sh`sh.
G`h tln`f N rhfrht ns tlet wh dnd `gt fht