THE COLLEGE OF MAASIN

“Nisi Dominus Frustra”

College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences
Tunga-Tunga, Maasin City, Southern Leyte, Philippines

DRUG STUDIES
Side effects and
Nursing
Drug name Mode of action Indications Contraindications adverse effects
interventions
(by system)
Generic name: Enhances Treatment of
Hypersensitivity to CNS: vertigo,  Monitor
excretion of edema furosemide. headache, weight, BP,
 furosemide sodium, chloride, associated with
Anuria. dizziness, and pulse
potassium by HF and paresthesia, rate.
Brand name: direct action at Cautions: Hepatic weakness,
renal/hepatic  Monitor
 Lasix ascending disease; acute
cirrhosis, hepatic restlessness, patient
limb of loop of pulmonary coma, severe fever. closely and
Therapeutic class: electrolyte adjust dose
Henle. edema. CV: orthostatic
depletion, carefully.
 Antihypertensives Treatment of
prediabetes, hypotension,  Advise
hypertension
Pharmacologic class: diabetes, thrombophlebitis patient to
(not
recommended with IV take drug in
 Loop Diuretic systemic lupus administration. morning to
as initial erythematosus. EENT: blurred or prevent
Actual dose, timing and treatment). Pts with prostatic yellowed vision, need to
route: hyperplasia/urinary urinate at
stricture. transient deafness, night. If a
 40 mg q 24 hours; tinnitus. second
IVTT dose is
GI: abdominal
discomfort and needed, tell
pain, diarrhea, patient to
anorexia, nausea, take it in
early
vomiting, afternoon, 6
constipation, to 8 hours
pancreatitis. after
morning
GU: azotemia, dose.
 THE COLLEGE OF MAASIN
“Nisi Dominus Frustra”
College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences
Tunga-Tunga, Maasin City, Southern Leyte, Philippines

nocturia, polyuria,  Inform

frequent urination, patient of
possible
oliguria. need for
Hematologic: potassium
agranulocytosis, or
aplastic anemia, magnesium
leukopenia, supplement
thrombocytopenia, s.
anemia.  Instruct
patient to
Hepatic: hepatic stand
dysfunction, slowly to
jaundice, prevent
increased liver dizziness
enzyme levels. and to limit
Metabolic: alcohol
volume depletion intake and
and dehydration, strenuous
asymptomatic exercise in
hyperuricemia, hot weather
impaired glucose to avoid
tolerance, worsening
dizziness
hypokalemia, upon
hypochloremic standing
alkalosis, quickly.
hyperglycemia,  Advise
dilutional patient to
hyponatremia, report all
hypocalcemia, adverse
reactions
hypomagnesemia. and to
Musculoskeletal:
 THE COLLEGE OF MAASIN
“Nisi Dominus Frustra”
College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences
Tunga-Tunga, Maasin City, Southern Leyte, Philippines

muscle spasm. immediately

Skin: dermatitis, report
purpura, ringing in
ears,
photosensitivity severe
reactions, transient abdominal
pain at IM injection pain, or
site, toxic sore throat
epidermal and fever;
necrolysis, SJS, these
erythema symptoms
multiforme. may
indicate
Other: gout. toxicity.
 Tell patient
to consult
prescriber
or
pharmacist
before
taking OTC
drugs.
 THE COLLEGE OF MAASIN
“Nisi Dominus Frustra”
College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences
Tunga-Tunga, Maasin City, Southern Leyte, Philippines

Side effects and

Nursing
Drug name Mode of action Indications Contraindications adverse effects (by
interventions
system)
Generic name: Binds to the 50S Treatment of
Hypersensitivity to CNS: fatigue,  Monitor
subunit of bacterial susceptible azithromycin or headache, patient for
 azithromycin ribosomes, infections due to
other macrolide somnolence, superinfectio
blocking protein Chlamydia dizziness. n. Drug may
Brand name: antibiotics. History
synthesis; pneumoniae, C. cause
bacteriostatic or of cholestatic CV: chest pain,
 Zithromax, ZMax overgrowth
trachomatis, H. jaundice/hepatic palpitations. of no
Therapeutic class: bactericidal, influenzae, impairment
EENT: eye susceptible
depending on Legionella, M. associated with bacteria or
 Antibiotic concentration. catarrhalis,
Pharmacologic class: Mycoplasma prior azithromycin irritation fungi.
therapy. (ophthalmic).  Monitor
 Azalide (subclass patient for
pneumoniae, N. GI: abdominal pain,
of macrolide) allergic and
gonorrhoeae, S. anorexia, diarrhea,
Actual dose, timing aureus., S. nausea, vomiting, skin
and route: pneumoniae, S. reactions.
pyogenes, pseudomembranou Discontinue
 500g/tab 1 tab including s colitis, dyspepsia, drug if
OD PO flatulence, melena. reactions
mild to GU: candidiasis, occur.
moderate nephritis, vaginitis.  Check for GI
infections of discomfort,
upper Hepatic: cholestatic nausea,
respiratory tract jaundice. Skin: vomiting.
(pharyngitis, photosensitivity
 Monitor daily
tonsillitis), reactions, rash, pain
pattern of
at injection site,
lower bowel
respiratory tract pruritus. activity and
(acute bacterial stool
Other: angioedema. consistency.
exacerbations,
 Monitor LFT,
 THE COLLEGE OF MAASIN
“Nisi Dominus Frustra”
College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences
Tunga-Tunga, Maasin City, Southern Leyte, Philippines

COPD, CBC. Assess

pneumonia), for
hepatotoxicit
uncomplicated y:
skin and skin- malaise,
structure fever,
infections, abdominal
sexually pain, GI
transmitted disturbances.
diseases  Instruct
(Nongonococcal patient how
urethritis, to instill
cervicitis due to ophthalmic
C. trachomatis), solution.
chancroid. P  Advise
patient to
avoid contact
lenses when
diagnosed
with bacterial
conjunctivitis.
 THE COLLEGE OF MAASIN
“Nisi Dominus Frustra”
College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences
Tunga-Tunga, Maasin City, Southern Leyte, Philippines

Side effects and

Nursing
Drug name Mode of action Indications Contraindications adverse effects (by
interventions
system)
Generic name: Inhibits cell-wall Treatment of History of GI:  Obtain CBC,
synthesis, susceptible hypersensitivity/anaphylactic pseudomembranous renal function
 ceftriaxone promoting infections due reaction to colitis, diarrhea. tests.
osmotic to gram- Hematologic: Question for
Brand name: cefTRIAXone,
instability; usually negative eosinophilia, history of
bactericidal. aerobic cephalosporins. thrombocytosis,
 Rocephin allergies,
organisms, Hyperbilirubinemic particularly
Therapeutic class: neonates, esp. premature leukopenia. cephalosporin
some gram-
infants, should not be Skin: pain, s, penicillins.
 Antibiotic positive
treated with cefTRIAXone
induration,  Assess oral
Pharmacologic organisms,
(can displace bilirubin from
tenderness at cavity for
class: including
its injection site, rash. white patches
 3rd generation respiratory
Other: on mucous
cephalosporin tract, GU tract,binding to serum albumin, hypersensitivity membranes,
skin and causing bilirubin
Actual dose, timing tongue
skin structure, encephalopathy). reactions, serum (thrush).
and route: sickness,
bone and joint,  Monitor daily
 2 grams OD IV intra- anaphylaxis. pattern of
via infusion for 1 abdominal, bowel activity,
hr. pelvic stool
inflammatory consistency.
disease  Monitor I&O,
renal function
(PID), biliary tests for
tract/urinary nephrotoxicity
tract infections; , CBC.
bacterial  Monitor
septicemia, ceftriaxone
meningitis,
blood levels in
patients with
 THE COLLEGE OF MAASIN
“Nisi Dominus Frustra”
College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences
Tunga-Tunga, Maasin City, Southern Leyte, Philippines

perioperative renal and

prophylaxis, hepatic
acute bacterial impairment
otitis media.  Report severe
diarrhea,
difficulty
breathing,
unusual
tiredness or
fatigue, pain
at injection
site
 Document
and record.
 THE COLLEGE OF MAASIN
“Nisi Dominus Frustra”
College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences
Tunga-Tunga, Maasin City, Southern Leyte, Philippines

Patient’s Name: M.A. Age: 22 Gender: Female Marital Status: Single

Diagnosis: Acute gastritis with mild dehydration probably for peptic ulcer disease

Side effects and

Nursing
Drug name Mode of action Indications Contraindications adverse effects
interventions
(by system)
Generic name: Inhibits sodium-
Treatment of Hypersensitivity to CNS: agitation,  Assess apical
potassium– mild to digoxin. fatigue, pulse. If pulse
 digoxin activated adenosine
moderate HF. Ventricular generalized is 60 or
triphosphatase, Control fibrillation. muscle weakness, less/min (70
Brand name:
promoting ventricular hallucinations, or less/min
 Lanoxin movement response rate Cautions:
of Renal dizziness, for children),
calcium in pts with impairment, sinus headache, withhold drug,
nodal disease,
Therapeutic class: contact
from extracellular to chronic atrial acute MI (within 6 malaise, physician.
 Cardiac glycoside intracellular fibrillation. mos), paresthesia,
 Monitor pulse
Pharmacologic class: cytoplasm and stupor, vertigo.
second- or third- for
 Antiarrhythmic, strengthening
degree heart block CV: arrhythmias, bradycardia,
cardiotonic. myocardial
(unless functioning heart block. EKG for
contraction. Also
pacemaker), arrhythmias
Actual dose, timing and acts concurrent EENT: blurred for 1–2 hrs.
route: on CNS to enhance vision, after
vagal tone, slowing use of strong administration
 0.5 mg 1 tab OD inducers or diplopia, light
conduction through flashes, (excessive
PO inhibitors of P-
the SA and AV photophobia, slowing of
nodes. glycoprotein (e.g., pulse may be
cyclosporine), yellow-green halos
around visual first clinical
hyperthyroidism, images. sign of
hypothyroidism, toxicity).
hypokalemia, GI: anorexia,  Assess for GI
hypocalcemia. disturbances,
nausea, diarrhea, neurologic
vomiting.
 THE COLLEGE OF MAASIN
“Nisi Dominus Frustra”
College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences
Tunga-Tunga, Maasin City, Southern Leyte, Philippines

abnormalities
(signs of
toxicity) q2–
4h during
loading dose
(daily during
maintenance)
.
 Do not
increase or
skip doses.
 Do not take
OTC
medications
without
consulting
physician.
 Report
decreased
appetite,
nausea/vomiti
ng, diarrhea,
visual
changes.
 THE COLLEGE OF MAASIN
“Nisi Dominus Frustra”
College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences
Tunga-Tunga, Maasin City, Southern Leyte, Philippines

Side effects and

Nursing
Drug name Mode of action Indications Contraindications adverse effects
interventions
(by system)
Generic name: Inhibits proton Short-term Hypersensitivity to CNS: asthenia,  Evaluate for
pump activity by treatment (4–8 omeprazole, other dizziness, therapeutic
 omeprazole binding to wks) of erosive proton pump headache. response
hydrogen– esophagitis (relief of GI
Brand name: inhibitors. GI: abdominal
potassium (diagnosed by symptoms).
adenosine Concomitant use pain, constipation,
 Losec Question if GI
triphosphatase, endoscopy), with products diarrhea, discomfort,
symptomatic containing flatulence,
Therapeutic class: nausea,
located at gastroesophageal rilpivirine.
nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
 Benzimidazole secretory surface reflux disease Cautions: May
acid regurgitation. occurs.
Pharmacologic class: of gastric parietal (GERD) poorly
increase risk of Musculoskeletal:  Report
 Proton pump cells, to suppress
responsive to fractures, back pain, headache,
gastric acid
inhibitor other treatment. gastrointestinal weakness. onset of
secretion.
H. pylori– infections. Hepatic Respiratory: black, tarry
Actual dose, timing and associated impairment, pts of stools,
route: duodenal ulcer cough, URI. Skin: diarrhea,
(with Asian descent. rash. abdominal
 40 mg OD IVTT pain.
amoxicillin and  Avoid
clarithromycin). alcohol.
Long-term  Swallow
treatment of capsules
pathologic whole; do not
hypersecretory chew, crush,
conditions, dissolve, or
treatment of divide.
active duodenal  Take before
ulcer or active eating.
benign  Document
 THE COLLEGE OF MAASIN
“Nisi Dominus Frustra”
College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences
Tunga-Tunga, Maasin City, Southern Leyte, Philippines

gastric ulcer. and record.

Maintenance
healing of erosive
esophagitis.