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IP ADD. 192.168.1.

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Octet (0 255) 8bit * 4 octets = 32bit
SM=32bit (Meta data to defines network add & host add)

Example 1
32bit - 23 =9

IP Address 10.101.99.17 /23


11111111.11111111.11111110.00000000
N N nnnnnnnh H

SM. 255.255.254.0
NA. 10.101.98.0
11111110 AND

01100011
01100010

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Example 2
32bit - 27 =

IP Address 209.165.202.140 /27


11111111.11111111.11111111.11100000
SM. 255.255.255.224
NA. 209.165.202.128
11100000
10001100
10000000

2
Example 3

IP Address 209.165.200.227 /27


11111111.11111111.11111111.11100000
SM. 255.255.255.224
NA. 209.165.200.224
11100000
11100011
11100000

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*AND Table :

0 0 0

0 1 0

1 0 0

1 1 1

+OR Table :

0 0 0

0 1 1

1 0 1

1 1 1

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Example 4

IP Address 10.101.99.17 /23


11111111.11111111.11111110.00000000
N N nnnnnnnh H

SM. 255.255.254.0
NA. 10.101.98.0
11111110
01100011
HostMin
FIRST H. +1 01100010
10.101.98.1

BROADCAST.
10.101.99.255
HostMax LAST H. -1
10.101.99.254

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Example 5
IP Address 10.101.99.17 /23

IP AD
00001010.01100101.01100010.00010001

SM 11111111.11111111.11111110.00000000
255 . 255 . 254 . 0
IP AND SM Switch zeros to one and vice versa

WILD
CARD 00000000.00000000.00000001.11111111
0 . 0 . 1 . 255
NA IP AND SM
00001010.01100101.01100010.00000000
10 . 101 . 98 . 0

BRC IP OR WILD CARD

00001010.01100101.01100011.11111111
10 . 101 . 99 . 255
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NA

F.H
10.101.99.1 BRC
L.H 10.101.99.254

HOSTS The actual number of hosts:

0.000000
00

2^9-2=510

Binary Base (2)^[32 - Given Subnet(23)] - 2(Reserved Two Address (NA , BC)

WILD CARD :that is used in conjunction with the IP address to determine which of the bits
will be omitted by comparing it with another address.
To find out how wildcards work and how it is used First, its conditions
1- 0-bit = its meaning is identical

2- 1-bit = means ignore the value

http://jodies.de/ipcalc?host=10.101.98.17&mask1=23&mask2=

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