ARTICLE REVIEW GROUP ASSAGINMEN

STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT’S
Student’s name ID No
• ZENEBECH DUNE MBK\307\14
• FANTU TILAHUN MBK\308\14
• BETELEHEM ESHETE MBN\092\14

Submited To:- D.r CHALA

Febraury 6/02 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
IMPORTANCE OF PLANNING AND CONTROL OF
MANAGERS
Author: Seamark Alipour1, Shah ram Golrang Arabani2, Mohammad Talebi
Asadi3, Reza Zareii4
Kuwait Chapter of Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review
Vol. 2, No.9; May, 2013

1.Introduction

and Description of the Study

Strategies result from the process of deciding on objectives of organizations, on
changes in these objectives, on resources use to attain these objectives and other
policies that are to govern the acquisition, use and disposition of these resources.
Strategy is the science and art of employing the political, economic, psychological
and military forces of a nation or group of nations to afford maximum support to
adopted policies. Strategies are the broad programs for defining and actuating an
organization’s objectives as well as the organization’s response to its environment
over time. Strategy is the firm’s action plan aimed at achieving its objectives.
Satisfying the needs of the customers and surviving the competition in its
environment,

Strategy is the determination of the basic long-term objectives of an enterprise and

the adoption of course of action and allocation of resources necessary to achieve
these goals. Strategy is the firm’s action plan aimed at achieving its objectives in
satisfying the needs of the customers and surviving the competition in its
environment. Therefore, strategy involves rational planning.
1. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The purpose of the study are:-
• To find out that Managers have found that with setting goals and mission of the
organization in long-term can achieve better to their plans.

• The main purpose of an institution is the first step in the planning process. Therefore, it
can be find that what do us and purpose of manufacturing or service organization will
offer to the community to make clear.

• To find out planning has priority to other duties of managers.

• To find out,all management tasks are related and are inseparable.

• To find out. Planning and control, particularly have a close relationship.

• To find out that without planning doesn’t exist control. In other words, actions non-
planning cannot be controlled. Because control include maintenance activity in specified
direction of or to correct deviations related to the programs

• To find out that planning is object and purpose and in conducting be set different goals
and objectives

• To find out that to control by managers to different parts of the organization in terms of
performance and safety.

• To control organizations by using this system are intended to explain the exact values
and guidelines of good managers to provide field of staff enthusiastic acceptance. what
they shouldn’t do instead the things they should do. Interactive control system: this
system is similar to the system of official information available to managers to make
them in during personnel decisions regularly.

2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Planning Concepts
Planning in term of aspects of the nature is divided to types of physical planning,
organizational planning, process planning, financial planning, task planning and public
planning (Dessler, 1988). Here planning is meant public planning that all other types are
usually planning in itself. Planning in the general concept means identifying the project
work and plans to move future and making decisions about what should be
done to reach the goal. Planning is not thinking about the future or its control but also is a
process that can be used in conducting these affairs. .
Control Concept
The main objective of control in management is finding deviations and correcting it. On one
hand,(Anthony and Govindarajan, 2007) that management control is the process through which
managers use their power to influence other members of the organization to implement
strategies, to realize goals and objectives and, on the other hand, it integrates facts on long,
medium and short terms, having well determined implications in human factors, objectives and
assignments (Sgardea & et al, 2011). Control is activity that compared dos and still, optimal and
available, forecasts with performances and give clear image of the differences or similarities
between the two groups of factors to relevant manager and supervisor.
3. major ideas managerial function.
Although leaders and management scholars the first and foremost duty of managers consider
planning. However all agree that the importance of each of the tasks without communication
with other tasks is not only accountable to manage organization. planning requires decisions, that
is the choice between the options and it is current and in all parts of the organization will
influence, process in other words has clear steps and interconnected to produce a coherent output
in the form of a system of coordinated from decisions.Purpose of planning is forecasts or
predictions of future events that are likely to happen (Venous et al, 2008). Basically, the goal of
control system is correction of operation and preventing deviations. Therefore the system is designed and
arranged in such a way that possible to prevent the occurrence of deviations and in case of deviation will
provide solution and method of correct.

• Specific managerial function

Managers have found that with setting goals and mission of the organization in long-term
can achieve better to their plans. planning requires decisions, that is the choice between the
options and it is current and in all parts of the organization will influence, process in other
words has clear steps and interconnected to produce a coherent output in the form of a
system of coordinated from decisions. the goal of control system is correction of operation
and preventing deviations .Purpose of planning is forecasts or predictions of future events
that are likely to happen.

5.METHODE AND MATERIALS

Narrative research method was used in carrying out this study. This method was chosen because
it was the method that best interprets the problems as well as the prospects of strategy
formulation in management function. Henry Fayol founds management activities including
planning, organizing, leadership (leadership), coordination (employment), control (monitoring)
and all of them can read management process. Among importance of "planning and control" as
the first and last duty of manager in the organization to the extent that some management
scholars have called it as twins of management.

Specifically, two descriptive research methods were used namely, survey research and case
study. By the cause of the narrative method the contents in the title theoretical foundation,
meaning of planning,controlling, strategy planning and others concepts are narrated precisely.
In this study the information source are generated from both the primary and secondary sources.
The primary data were generated through interviews and questionnaire administration, while the
secondary data were from existing documents.

6 . CENTRAL ARGUMENT MANEGARIAL FUNCTION

• The major theaories m

(Venous et al, 2008).

According to the definition control, it is clear that control should be rectifier not punishment.

Basically, the goal of control system is correction of operation and preventing deviations. Therefore

the system is designed and arranged in such a way that possible to prevent the occurrence of

deviations and in case of deviation will provide solution and method of correct. According to social

learning theory, a man can control his behavior if makes it methodically and with rewards and
punishments to encourage. Furthermore, the implementation of control systems in an organization

should be designed with regard to realities of the social, political, legal, economic, cultural, and

technology available environment of an organization. Control includes maintenance activity in

specified path or to correct deviations related to programs

Thus, the control

process consists of four main steps as follows.
1 - Determine the control criteria
2 - Compare the results of the performance with standards specified
2.3. Significance of Planning and Control
Although leaders and management scholars the first and foremost duty of managers consider
planning. However all agree that the importance of each of the tasks without communication
with
other tasks is not only accountable to manage organization. planning requires decisions, ie the
choice between the options and it is current and in all parts of the organization will influence,
process in other words has clear steps and interconnected to produce a coherent output in the
form
of a system of coordinated from decisions.Purpose of planning is forecasts or predictions of
future
events that are likely to happen (Venous et al, 2008).
According to the definition control, it is clear that control should be rectifier not punishment.
Basically, the goal of control system is correction of operation and preventing deviations.
Therefore
the system is designed and arranged in such a way that possible to prevent the occurrence of
deviations and in case of deviation will provide solution and method of correct. According to
social
learning theory, a man can control his behavior if makes it methodically and with rewards and
punishments to encourage. Furthermore, the implementation of control systems in an
organization
should be designed with regard to realities of the social, political, legal, economic, cultural, and
technology available environment of an organization. Control includes maintenance activity in
specified path or to correct deviations related to programs. Therefore, programs offer standard of
controIn
5. THE TITLE AND OUR COURS

Strategy Formulation is an analytical process of selection of the best suitable

course of action to meet the organizational objectives and vision. It is one of the
steps of the strategic management process. The strategic plan allows an
organization to examine its resources, provides a financial plan and establishes the
most appropriate action plan for increasing profits. The title given to review is
related to our subject and it describes all the contents included in our course.

6. METHODE AND MATERIALSDescriptive research method was used in

carrying out this study. This method was chosen because it was the method that
best interprets the problems as well as the prospects of strategy formulation in
ANAMMCO company, Emene Enugu without loss of facts. Specifically, two
descriptive research methods were used namely, survey research and case study.
By the cause of the descriptive method the contents in the title theoretical
foundation, meaning of strategy, strategy formulation, strategy planning and others
concepts are described precisely.
In this study the information source are generated from both the primary and
secondary sources. The primary data were generated through interviews and
questionnaire administration, while the secondary data were from existing
documents.

Descriptive research method was used in carrying out this study. This method was
chosen because it was the method that best interprets the problems as well as the
prospects of strategy formulation in ANAMMCO company, Emene Enugu without
loss of facts. Specifically, two descriptive research methods were used namely,
survey research and case study.
By the cause of the descriptive method the contents in the title theoretical
foundation, meaning of strategy, strategy formulation, strategy planning and others
concepts are described precisely.
In this study the information source are generated from both the primary and
secondary sources. The primary data were generated through interviews and
questionnaire administration, while the secondary data were from existing
documents.

7. FOR FURTHER DISCUTION

The strategic responses to environmental changes are the strategy implementation

and the process of formulating the implemented strategies are strategic planning.
(Onwuchekwa, 2000:1). an organization implements a strategy affects its
organizational structure therefore appropriate organizational structure that matches
the environment and the productive activities of an organization is necessary in
strategic management (Onwuchekwa, 2000:1). Strategies are the broad programs
for defining and actuating an organization’s objectives as well as the organization’s
response to its environment over time, (Stoner et al, 1996:267). Satisfying the
needs of the customers and surviving the competition in its environment, (Enudu,
1999:164). According to Pearce II and Robinson Jr (2009:23), strategy
formulation is a guide to executives in defining the business their firm is in, the
ends it seeks and the means it will use to accomplish those ends. When formulated
strategies are being implemented as a response to changes in the environment, two
major problems are faced by organizations. (Onwuchekwa, 2000:1). In recent
decades, more and more firms are turning to the planning mode, in their strategy
formulation, (Enudu, 1999:166). The steps in this strategic planning for
organizations according to Enudu (1999:174-181), this all described and others
are stated for further discussion.

8. CONCLUSION

The study is attempted to integrate some of way of strategy formulation and steps
to formulate the strategy. In this article the concept discussed are not enough for
the title. Because it should describe the process of strategy formulation and
implementation of strategy in the organization. And also the population used in the
study are so good in size and diversity of the staff.
This study had shown that there were lots of benefits from well-conceived and
formulated strategy. The most problem area was in its application to planning,
organizational structure and design, environmental and technological changes.
These could contribute to loss of customers and resistance by workers to changes.

1.7 SUMMARY
Staffing may be defined as the process of hiring and developing the required
personnel to fill in the various positions in the organization. It involves estimating
the
number and type of personnel required. It involves estimating the number and type
of
personnel required, recruiting and developing them, maintaining and improving
their
competence and performance.
Recruiting involves attracting candidate to fill the positions in the organization
structure. Before recruiting, the requirement of positions must be cleared
identified. It
makes easier to recruit the candidates from the outside. Enterprises with a
favorable
public image find it easier to attract qualified candidates.
Methods of recruitment:
 Employment agencies
 Advertisement
 Deputation
 Word of mouth
 Raiding
Selection is the process of choosing the most suitable person for the current
position or for future position from within the organization or from outside the
organization.
Training is an instrument of developing the employees by increasing their skills
and improving their behavior.
Training is required to be given to new employees as well as existing
employees. The methods to be used for training and the duration for which training
should be given is decided by the management according to the objectives of the
training, the number of persons to be trained and the amount of training needed by
the employees.
Performance appraisal is the judgment of an employee’s performance in a job.
It is also called as merit rating. All managers’ are constantly forming judgment of
their
subordinates and are continuously making appraisals.
1.8 CHECK YOUR PROGRESS - ANSWERS
1.1 & 1.2
1. Staffing
2.personnel
3.human resources
4.diversification
1.3 : 1.Recruitment
2.employment
3.advertising
4.deputation
5.raiding
6.selection
7.qualified
1.4 : 1.Structured
2.intelligence
3.aptitude
1.5 : 1.Training
2.learning
3.on
4.of

Staffing / 9
1.9 QUESTIONS FOR SELF-STUDY
Q.1 Long Answers Questions : (Answers should be in 10-12 lines each)
1. Define Staffing. What is the importance of staffing?
2. What do you mean by selection? Explain the process of selection.
3. What is recruitment? What are the various methods of recruitment?
4. What do you mean by performance appraisal? What are the objectives of
it?
Q.2. Short Notes (7- 8 lines each)
1. Importance of staffing
2. Methods of recruitment
3. Importance of training and development
4. Methods of training
5. Performance appraisa

UNDERSTANDING HOW
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES WORK
Some organizations, such as a high school volunteer club, exist to
help people in need. Other organizations, such as a student council,
exist to give students a voice at school. Business organizations exist to
earn profits. To meet their goals, they organize their employees into
some kind of structure.
Companies adopt organizational structures in order to minimize
confusion over job expectations. Having an organizational structure
helps them coordinate activities by clearly identifying which individ-
uals are responsible for which tasks.
Types of Organizational Structures
Companies generally adopt one of four organizational structures.
These include:
• line structure
• line and staff structure
• matrix structure
• team structure
Each of these different types of organizational structures can be
shown in an organizational chart. An is a visual
representation of a business’s organizational structure. It shows who
reports to whom within the company. It also shows what kind of work
each department does.
Line Structure
In a line organization , authority originates at the top and moves
downward in a line (see Figure 13–1 ). All managers perform
, functions that contribute directly to company profits.
Examples of line functions include production managers, sales repre-
sentatives, and marketing managers

Types of Organizational Structures

Companies generally adopt one of four organizational structures.
These include:
• line structure
• line and staff structure
• matrix structure
• team structure
Each of these different types of organizational structures can be
shown in an organizational chart. An is a visual
representation of a business’s organizational structure. It shows who
reports to whom within the company. It also shows what kind of work
each department does.
Line Structure
In a line organization , authority originates at the top and moves
downward in a line (see Figure 13–1 ). All managers perform
, functions that contribute directly to company profits.
Examples of line functions include production managers, sales repre-
sentatives, and marketing managers.
functions
line
organizational chart
Understanding How Organizational Structures Work Section 13.1 299
CONNECT
Do you belong to any organiza-
tions? If so, how are they struc-
tured?
LINE STRUCTUREFigure 13–1
In a line structure organization, managers make all decisions affecting their
departments. What
kinds of companies usually have line structures?
WORKING WITH CHARTS