BENAZIR BHUTTO

SECOND TERM 1993-1996

By
Aliha Atif
Eman Amir
Sania Jaleel
Aleeze Aamir
Hadia Tanveer
Palwashay Zaryyab
Wajeeha Fatima Tiwana
 INTRODUCTION
Elections were held again in October 1993.
It was a close contest, PPP won a victory, but
had to form an alliance with Junejo’s Pakistan
Muslim League.
PMLN were second in winning the most seats,
but it was PPP and most importantly, Benazir
Bhutto who was able to regain premiership
after three years in the opposition

1993 Elections
Muttahida Qaumi Movement, founded by Altaf Hussain in 1984. was in deep
crisis at the time of the 1993 elections.
During the 3 years following the Sharif government Bhutto constantly
pressed for new elections.
Bhutto’s persistence lead to repeated clashes with the government forces
ethnic tension exploded in sindh in mid-1922.
‘operation clean up’.
MQM representatives in the National assembly and the Sindh provincial
assembly resigned in protest.
MQM leader Altaf hussain remained in exile through the 1993 elections.
The elections were contested,the PPP was successful and Benazir Bhutto was
elected Prime Minister receiving 121 votes to 72 for Nawaz Sharif.
Sardar Frooq Leghari was nominated for the presidency by Benazir.
Leghari received 274 votes in his favour against 168 votes for Wasim Sajjad.
On 13 November 1993, Sardar Farooq Leghari was appointed as the President
of Pakistan for a term of five years.
It was hoped that with the prime minister and president coming from the
same party there would be a smoother relationship
Opposition from MQM, her own party PPP, and former
Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif
Nawaz Sharif mounted a personal attack on Bhutto;
held rallies and demonstrations in several cities.
Opposition
In 1994, nawaz sharif led a ‘train march’
general strike on september 20
wheel jam’ strike on october 11
1995, Murtaza established his own party, the PPP
(Shaheed Bhutto)
"Begum Zardari"
mother nusrat bhutto who preferred murtaza
bhutto as a leader for ppp
murtaza bhutto was assassinated in a police ambush
on september 20, 1996.
Nusrat also blamed Bhutto for her brother's death.
ECONOMIC ISSUES
Zardari was appointed investment
minister, chief of the Intelligence
Bureau, director-general of the
Federal Investigation Agency, and
chair of the new Environment
Protection Council.
Her husband Zardari was rumoured
to be involved in shady business
dealings
Pakistan’s economic problems led to
a request for a loan from the IMF
She was accused of being corrupt.
Domestic Policy
Benazir Bhutto signed Pakistan to the international
Convention on the elimination of all forms of
discrimination against women

Initiated an anti-corruption campaign, and in 1993

was re-elected as Prime Minister. Once in office, she
made hunger, housing and healthcare her top priorities
and looked forward to continuing to modernize Pakistan.

She was also a founding member of the Council of Women World Leaders,a group established in
1996
Privatisation
Bhutto continued to follow former prime minister Nawaz
Sharif's privatization policies, which she called a "disciplined
macroeconomics policy"

More than ₨ 42 billion was raised from the sale of nationalised

corporations and industries, and another US$20 billion from
the foreign investment made in the United States

Her government did not privatize all state corporations, only certain industries were
privatised which were at the brink of financial collapse.
Picture: Benazir Bhutto in the United States, 1989

Foreign Policy
Benazir spent the first 12 months of her second term abroad making 24 trips in total.
Signed Pakistan to “The International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of
Discrimination Against Women”.
Amongst the founding members of “The Council of Women World Leaders” in 1996.
Visit to North Korea in 1993 and deal made with N.K government after threat from
India of “The Agni Missile.”
In 1995 a state visit was made to The USA to convince Congress to repeal sanctions from Pakistan over its nuclear weapons programme
of 1990.
Several visits to Beijing to strengthen international political cooperation and mutual trade between communist China and Pakistan.
In 1994 Benazir visited the U.S and presented her stance on F-16 fighter planes that were withheld. The Brown amendment was passed.
In 1995 Benazir made a final visit to the U.S. Had Talks with the president, Bill Clinton and urged the Pressler Amendment to be revised
and a campaign against extremism to be launched. Criticized the non proliferation policy. Helped Pakistan gain foreign investors, but
economic embargo could not be reversed however.
In 1995 ISI reported to Benazir about nuclear tests in India. Emergency preparations were made and the nuclear arsenal of Pakistan put
on high alert. The U.S intervened, nuclear testing in India called off, Japan attempted to mediate.
1996, Benazir meets Japanese officials and warns India about nuclear testing. In the nuclear field parity was achieved between India and
Pakistan. Bhutto openly condemned Indian nuclear tests and even gave her statements to the International Press.
During Benazir’s second tenure U.S first lady Hillary Clinton and her daughter visited Pakistan in 1996 which improved Pakistan’s image
problem to the world.
End of Tenure
-Benazir Bhutto was often criticised as being politically inexperienced,
was accused of being corrupt, and faced much opposition from
Pakistan's Islamist lobby for her secularist and modernising agenda.
-This did not benifit the relationship between the president and
Benazirs government and as expected differences appeared
- it was felt that there was unneeded interference by the president in
the government.
-Bhutto had handpicked him as president, but by 1996 chaos ruled her
cabinet and leghari, using the noe defunct article 58-2(b) of the
Pakistani constitution, and citing instances of corruption, lawlessness
and extrajudicial killings, dissolved the cabinet and fired Bhutto.
-in justification of his decision leghari stated "She thought she was too
clever and too wise."
- after the dismissal of Benazirs government, malik meeraj Khalid Rector
of the Islamic university was appointed as the caretaker prime Minister.
-the next election was scheduled to be held on February 3rd 1997
Benazir Bhutto speech in National Assembly
28 March 1996

Thank you!