Efficacy of Utilizing Botanical Ink extracted from

Mango Leaves (Mangifera Indica) Pigments as an

alternative for Commercial Ink Markers

ENG 122 (Practical Research 1)

Submitted to
MR. DANILO T. DINOY
Research Instructor
of the Research Department

Submitted by:

GROUP NO. 8

BAHJIN, Datu Zadar Ahmed L.

HUSSAM, Aisha A.
JUNAID, Qaila L.
LEONARDO, Genezaret R.

11 STEM Fr. Vincent Riccati, SJ

Statement of the Problem

Member 1 (contribution)
Member 2 (contribution)
Member 3 (contribution)
Member 4 (contribution)

Steps Information

1 What is the general According to Powar et.al, (2014), ink is a complex medium
view and background containing different solvents, solubilizers, pigments, dyes, resins,
of the problem?  fluoresces, surfactant, particulate matters, and other materials.
Particularly, commercial inks contain metals for color which may
be toxic and hazardous to the physical state of a human body
(Johnson, 2018), and chemical solvent such as polyvinyl acetate.
In addition to that, traditional markers with its toxic ink is
detrimental to its consumers provided that it is composed of a
highly toxic chemical called xylene. Exposure to xylene can
irritate the eyes, nose, skin, and throat. Xylene can also cause
headaches, dizziness, confusion, loss of muscle coordination, and
in high doses, death (CDC, n.d.). Inks are the main component of a
marker and these markers are used on a daily basis, such as in
school or offices, however, currently, millions of used marker pens
and its toxic ink are growing rapidly on the landfill sites globally,
where they do not physically have the state of biodegradability and
leach toxic chemicals into the natural environment (Eynon, 2010)
which causes harm to the natural environment, animals, plants and
the humans as well.

2 What is the real In regard to this, using traditional markers with its toxic ink is
problem that the detrimental the users in a way that it is composed of a highly
 research wants to toxic chemical called xylene. Exposure to xylene can irritate the
focus on and the eyes, nose, skin, and throat. Xylene can also cause headaches,
specific area of dizziness, confusion, loss of muscle coordination, and in high
problem location and doses, death (CDC, n.d.). Most users of traditional markers are
localization?  students which implies that they prone to exposure to xylene.

3 What is the gap that Previous studies on providing an alternative eco-friendly ink for
your study intends to commercial inks have been conducted; however, the subject
address? remains unexplored in the context of the Philippine setting; thus,
comparative analysis of utilizing botanical ink extracted from
Mango Leaves (Mangifera Indica) as an alternative for
commercial ink and quantifying it through different concentrations
of diluted ink solutions have not been touched by the mentioned
studies.

4 What is the research This investigation intends to achieve an alternative

intended to achieve environmentally friendly and cost-effective organic ink that is
when the whole easily accessible to consumers. Given that most marker users are
research process is students and teachers, especially in Ateneo de Zamboanga
completed? University, we sought to provide ink that is less toxic than
commercial markers with the same quality as traditional markers
found in the market.