I Chepker | The Thermodynamics 0 OF Hig =| Flows (Text: pp. 498-518) For conpressilsle ows, thiis use fal be ede with properties oe | tt ” shaqinettion state”. This is a state a Flowing, Anil Tela athain iP it were isentropi cedly checel eroteck to zero veloc by. Exanaining, the SFEE Poe this mse, a no heot Pee transfer V+ whe + + 4G . Yha + Whe th, rice = \ 2 —) h, t Qt i oS Se (c = velit) Le. yet conserved (constant) We col this term the total enthel ey, he Ty ale cadleck the stood Ton, enthal ay: rd This streawl ~- na \S streamline | | Q \ sheared 2S Yo I Go i 2 Ss - 1 os : i. = = hi tec , ae Anch if isentropic . hee f hoo ie as wi th Constant ee we can chiviche throwcln by Ce to get: hn eo - =. To te\ > c. * ie, = 2c. e 25" 2p Tempe Foe isentropic deceleration oo a also conservech. Example ! | C, = Zoom/s Temp © Ar@ P= | hac ae a stoc, nahion pea d= S00 |e | \ : [ Ros wnaincy isenbroste checelere Yon. ) —| 2\ = eae: = 2 _ [oo | ee Z2CA os a ee etsrs—SsC=szs$« ZX l005 To 220 1c In - 7) 25 l2 | ‘Aynemic® coca ponent : of Tz This useful bo Vocle ob the eh oe ie a entropy ATaciram:i @ ae @ _ , Total / steopation (he Va) nce A A sStebe Pzcas > Wheb oy the eressute 7 oo) at the. she qnetion eo. cl @r% (RY) Isentrere a Paci ot Vou, > S ett oe r ove ae 3 : ae Te (B)7 > = RR 71 (8 y" e250 y 3os We call this the tohkel / stagnatton Pressure, &. (NAS. ho, To © ore dei neck bey awn : keopr \\ Vsenfcopre PTOCcESS o- Ro, ld ues oe Pe Py is useful -> the yer shah c Proke" MeASUCcES aS velecihy:a) z Freray Chowne wr High Speech Flows In rea\ Rows aro nah poe ducks, the effec of sarPace Frrchion resulks 1A ow irreversible, Conve cS\Orn oF Fluich Po inte heat, Le. An Increase iN entropy. This Can be seen in The SFEE RR a ‘Subsonic pee ee ch — ane ee hy ob 2a oe ee Gq ro Ge li i lee ree co hy oy KIC, ‘ sat Psy 1 oe ee ' : 72 = i Nv | | | Ju ! 2 eo ; S o : Assusniny he 4 7 a = hath a ideal ag Co. tlet- with const cp > Cp hh PSc c= Gt o Of Ge ee > Brot -1) Streoma| ining ¢ low roughness rnducks reduces he!No ezle ERE ( ciency he To ae (ee ae eS Pr, p, a c. i — eee Cae .. le. is ae aie (t-T, .) = fe les I, (B)e Cisentropte rule) Exorcle EZ F; oe 7 Foe aw GO¥. ete Nozzle, Aperdhiney From, leo) = Sheer, Tos looole a R= | lear We lenow - SOE St = (000(F ye 2 G6Zihic a ( C. le ee) = loos -0.9llooo- 631 i) = GGy le To= Tora Tate oo ae a5 2¢e(T.- Te) x u 6 a nGe [ (2 x1008 (1900 -6e8)) > Sl6-6m/s © oo How would the nozzle ne shaped? Ar nozele eit: me Co Ae fouh PV. = ici —. ahg Se T, ce Ay< BS g@ Je = Ce 2 oe oh 668 = O.&2 Clee xy Vor en intermediake re de, where Poo > 2. Silber: te 20/5 , Cuts = bol mis, Co 51Om/s 1 g2c(. ond Ay x £28 Bio 25) die ele Wrat Hye, nozle ey Bet conver Then divercye!! = oO. 54. aThe Speed of pressure, (sounch) wave erePecetion A sound wave is & small eressnre di sta rlouce that aa S Hrronet Ow AS, \eqwick ce solic at AO por cul ar velocity that depends on phe erepechies x the i. How cho we determine this ve loei ee Distadwel — Uncdi shadsed Jere — ethe P + As 0 Ve [ e Treat [ v- hv +r ve av fr 7 py Piston — Sy < Stetionaryy Observer Observer on weve Note! As piston causes a srmoll rise In pressule, so too is there a cise in Fempereature ound Aro in seeciWec volume, Anal lysine, the deserver on wave SCEnaMo » oO Conservertion xv ao 4 cc (c- AV) Avy Wee Mans oe 26 = < bts 4 2(chw) of Ce = a. Ce => O- at ehy. Ce Cp AVG Av * LHS > Ve stream of ” shedionaty, Weave RAS > damsbrean of “stationary waveBe ho @ ch (av) a v- Av oT- cbv cer —~ vAy Av. Av | ® tt flow isertrepic “throne” WOVE, T= const — = (-y A comloiningy this with the ener equation | c Av -7,_yy AY ct 0-8)-F Combsininey this with the conhinuty Ee cb = (yy Le Ce T . ee Ce Ce a OG eee yi = (veloc of pressure wore) Chesney oy the Oe. Co c be a, We have at yRT Sone velecity What ys the speech oo Sd in air @ gook cx = [igx2ettsoo = BT m/s 2 1257 km/h We compare an orkitrary vel oci i c, to the sone velocity, «, via the Mech numbsot Mt cfet convercyin noeele a critical condition exists at its otlet when CHA, j.e2@. M=l. We Aishicgui sh properties ot This conrchibion as ( We Fer cra, the shoe Pressure is |. chenckeh as e* =| Toetropc Poy: EY = (E\'F p ee ] = fe . (= Se \ =) - 4 ce : (S 1 % > pohis sdel,, dependent on y! Ae: F-20598 Sn Convera ting — Ai vera tno, Cole Loved) powles te ccthyeal conchition is rearchech ob He narrowest point, te fo CY denskebrar refers to Flow ei ot oe Once. M=\ QO Yroet, No Ot oe ‘om, Ste throat can Propagate upstream, eh He neele “chokes®. How cloes this effet a?@ N a bs Ameo 1 & = ambient static | Pressure @ noel : EXIT. Croce pressure) 1 1 R- she reation pressure : Se ok ixleb. chstich Plow ae The ee (senbropic compressilsle Flow telsle —9 mata concern ee co . ce A eS ce ane Mey WS pe = Ss se ae lenow We TT we can hebermine \oce\ Flow Cony tho. shacnahion Condi Wons. E xomele LG 5 Throch Gee plato): ec te ne e2? A = ee Slow Cc ehh i 1 d 3 Tsentromic Flov —>» & conserved, e. 2 Ge lee =F? Pa, = = 2% . = 01497 = 401991 = ea e _ a - aa Zcp 2 3 T,= S20 K04E5N = 57K oe [211255 (300-14 5-D = SG 6We con checle Wis result. Ag = Jk x28T IGS = 242 w/S 6 of eae | — ca Exanele 1.5 Ce ee eC @ Fluid: T= &Sole oe C22 leom/s Ata Ps heer oy eota pe ail = 9.94 a, Ji. X28T XY SS Table: Gs 5 oo on ees ea oe a We neech to Flak Me fo Bad A, Kenowiney Ce —_ - (2 = = a | 2 ie - Coe Hoee loo a. Zoe Zc] 45or 2xlooS 2X 100 So 6 Oo = al ol eal fe ee 20.99, fe ee cece f2 2 2.96665 x1.17 = IT bee olPresence Distrilubion in che Lave Vozale © \ipt fo le 2Pe ne lew f Fe subseuls flow = 2 Cisedrepic) whek haepens here? 4 eve A”, which is ee pressure For perfee} SUR. exransio & Nou. Cisentropic.) for pee < e” The Flow in the di verciney So Cann of Ise isentropic as this falls poe et pessilsle exit pressures Yrok set Me | © theook. Ae eee etree ewe Alt, a Necma,| shecle vnve forms Sonewhere in the divereyiey Sach on of nozzle, “Arperng te. Flow From Sveersenie bs Sulssoic: formal Shode wove, low pressure ; re Pressure 3 a ee | oe x Ly OsFot 4 laws oe Ee on foe eyes wave’, O Eneray el Gye os cons) © Conhinul by&) Moe eqnabion ® &) Entropy chance equchion. Comtsining, Or ® ives the “Fannc” Vine, anch Combsininey @® Gives the “Ramleich ling, These Can be ploteck on h-s cooks) Wa Fane K Because ft cs only A SHRP. 30 CW shodle Toa suls.y : Ranleiqh : | Se Solutions i a bse Fone anh afer shocle are ahven ta the ore-Aimenst onal No el sho el] telale - Exawcle LG eee eee eee: Az!.G875 Ax Flutch - = oo : Ra? ee Air = et ie = Fy Fo a Ma My MA I By 2 2.571 4s (687 O72 564 to Find Po, Rack & fee Meo Cons. flow talsle. _; a 2 O12TED ©. Pas TE her i. a 245 :, R= 4.5 ba Re or288 . Ry 5.62 arNormed Shhocle wave, ON on h-s, ier roe © hoa Pox & ho, To conservect, A nob conserved| | Ss = oe Se, tbe complete, Pressure, Aistethution apogh: ef N.G. isentropic Sulssonpe di Haston aller shoe e ' | | | fe Pr shock © exit, | eR” re For POR > rR’ , Flow is QVETEX Ranhecdk Forminey Normal t olx\ lane Shocle wares, For Fe oe Flow is wnderexpendech, L : Forming a Fan of EXPRaNStoR Waves. Colewletiac the past shocle isankrore Uw Hn Mans Jen brag has hew “ry path heal A yale:Shoda Tole Re Mls 2 Ayes! bed ¢ Mus : yr ede Fl = - _ - Ay hye AX - LeSTS. = 1.44. bye > “7.23 So when Agut ts qiven, Pert i must he useck oe elec of Rorenme : Fons at eur Different Tapes ob Shocle Waves Oli ee Ga Zone of silence x o 7 ] (no iskarbence) Sounch propagating Myt \/ ab can (a 2 ee eee tzos \ Uv 7 Onslieve shocle weve neue oS SS a Zone no ted Sear M> onliowe > Streeml tne —>—- arec~ oo ee SO Cemyfacess|on © i wave is Sh&) \ 4 a Expansion fan shock neve, Mot a a \ Shon keechinoy edee bs edluce Aros Pron a Wase M>t M>) net Z blank leaching ade > Pebachech Shoele Wove ade Nozzle Flow Functions = 2 ee = "\ T ae 12 le i ‘7 = pyr s, my) * fe 7 5 By. ee == (P acess a + Nn iene Ss, = wu 3] 4 aE