a : (36 hacker b= Conlonahion (Ted: pp: 0-126 | S Combustion = & redox reachion presess heb ween ot ai anch on “oxichiser® pebrl 4 air coal Far Fel + Ox yee Cammrow examples: wook + ae) © ey Fe process ) Unconrron examples: Chlorine + fluorine >) where is the Hosynesiim + Carbon ohoxicle 0% aluminium + weter To once. combustion, we. ae lenony qrenti hes ae reackantks + poreducts ~> chemical cans! Most Common, Cree combsinodions ok cr d Ly ie. “hyd rsons* Combustion & Cc with O, i A aan c+ o> CO, For | leinal ofc: Whee + B2ley 5 hylan Mon = sles | heey 4 2-6 Tle, —> BOT \eoy 2.67 is Sheichiometric? Ge cer) oxysen he fuel rabio. ; E Wherak elsont combustion of Cc Bes air. CSOs eS oiG NSS ies a 7 6NE Na fs inert and /. does nob participle tpn sup Los: 12 ley + 3z key + 8.76X LE ley ae lee F26Tleey $ PTT I I lee b Bee + 26. 32 ley Mair _ F4+26.32 ~ 34.32 ee M evel \ Combawsbian of Wychrocartsons_ ~ Methane (CRY ch, + ZO 4 2( ate) = Co,* 2U0 +2(3.76M%) 2 Nb key it bl ec 4 2lo. Sel —! les; + Gly 4 UB16 leo - Mair Gti 3-16 ley oS, Meir 2 HSN 217 GS Mal 1 ten Feel ~ Octane (Cathe) *Representitive of cetrol Cole + 20,42 (sr6%h) = 802.4940 +2 stn.) > 1G les, + Geo key 4 131 Eleey | > [heey + BBM coy 4 11. Stelecy _ Mair 3.514 N.S Jen, er Mer Soltiet 2s (5-05 “4 at Kens Foe\ “or [Moir Maic 4 a (Fe aa 7 ( Trask ~? *ridlnr to Hai otherwise —> mixture re-Guek leon QRSCombustion Is Reiprecatney ani nes 63 : Fucl/ate minhaps’ D Spore Lapthon fee eae iE. Firincy Pressure an ve] Speke >| Ieee <—F Play att Toc Bee Exbons om echaust Jeon | Cait oe gy Or Cranleshatt enqle, o 0 nee aa aed Bee Wicker comaression calios yreld higher Shermer efRei encyy (ro ageint). In sx ENGINES, one View} ehion on COMPrESSi oN rekio is the “lenocleines” efFech. In Wel COMeCEssion Enaines, wnlrend mixkuce is Comptes: ang dlehenachten, tou ame Front colvonciney Fran spark Plus. Resul ling, Shecli waves boxnce arounch fa cylinder cractiney unconkpolleck camaustian (which can be hearclas a Vensel cincy sonnel) anol yearly Mmeressinc heat trans fer bs cyliacher walls -> melting, of expel evertnally cesults. The OW Sone, nhamser ak petrol = meadule of pels resistence bo lenoeleincy. aP Ag lenocleiney eS P49 Seen tre, Fynihion Here, mixture is epi fered bey the aie which Lecames very hot daring compression. Tis cperoacls requireS Aigh campression ratios (>/4:7).Reackion Hedy SI) If is insportont for ws kK he edule b ole termine how mach heat can Le yieleleel by givers reachion, Qree Te dle this, ne must have Enowledce of the “heat of formation associotet with each of te reectants anol proclucks, hp . This /s the amount of heat reqviredk to form a reactonk op product thatis not in dlervental fora. leq. 10, C2.,0%). Mote thet he for dlements (eg: 4,0 Or) Is zero! Valuss for hp are abstey nel expoerimentedle ancl, provicledl rN Fables. The feachion heot, Qa, 15 obetermi recA on the kasis of the mass anol hp values eassoclaked with, the actonts ancl producls: a Note: valne o Breoe = Zhe = zoahs ' ieee Lg. For ty oPcoal , Find Hehe tel Gado synthesis oes renction of coal with steam anck ar: Bc + HO +O, +376N. > Beco + Ha + S716 Ne For Vee of cool Ueg + ablea+ O84 + 2.42 2.38ke4 +0255 ky F2I2Ky Reactonks Fa aduck: 5Rene = 2 mihp mks © Prod Rene. co AN CO Wo Ne zk 22x23 +0+0 |-[ot 04 0.5X1Z 4254 07 2 7280-6717 = 2562 «Sd ~~ Ralancing, Energy in Combustion Processes i J For skeoduy cambistion with no worle transter oo Satcher Bin ro RRAR (sensisie, hast —to $Srec$ 15 ae ek a ee Qrek (asech for Hrermeockynomnic praess) satti na Mp Sn enercy laaleance actass the contrel value Qn = Ain t Qreae 7 Qo =D me (T 25) + See Z MGT C25") Remrc Foch The 25°C ahove provides ws with a surten ble caster to wse fo calculote feactant and, poduct sensible heof. Try ts the reasfont fomperatore (rot necessan, fe same fr all reactants!) and That ts He J tem poreture of the preclicts Cfremkecl as He eee) Yet is the heed extracted From the, comben stone tins value can lbe Zeno, iN wWhrek case the combustor is sorol to he olvahebe,Ercole previous exanrcle, determine ey the temperature ot the proclucts if the feachonts enter an acdiobed. combustor at 28°C, Ue. Qel zo) Qrot 2S CRC TABS) + Qrene ~ Mm Cp(Tad 250) Reac Frok ile at fe] + [2562] - {lass 1.05 + 0.9551G.2+292x |.9) x (Tout - 259) | O= 2562 ~ §.3(Tork-25¢) eee : % When Qret =O, Tent (3 referred » Tout = HEA" to as the eablelatie Aone timretahare When. deal tne ak o given, hasl the coe heath, Reece, CaN he cheberminech as. Qrene = Fre Uhl where Meal 1S the mass a fel conbusteoh each Vinel ts the spect Fre heeh cb combustion assoc with the. Fuel, which can be clebanedh fram halles Two valine of Yerel ore normally provideck: the higher heabiney Value (HEV) and the Toner heattne value CHV), The HAV represents the eat prov'deck by the fuel for He ase where te walter vepour tw the Coplsechian praclicts hos complebe | Concderseck, whereas the LIV ys the heet provickel in the case where no canckensatpor has ocoutel, Thus, the LHV is ol ways lower than the HHY,Sincs In wot Cases, We den wart tLe @ combustion producks bo be cooled below the dew point femyrereture, Tae, (te prevent the Bretton of corrosive acids), fhe LAV rs generar| voedk ln colculabons Bere hZ the specific. heat ot combsnshion, Viel, For a Maqurol pentane where water condenses i\ the exhoust steonn, ano bh) geszous nenene, the combustion prolucts of which contain ons) woter IN Vapouwt form. BH p,0) = HMigsd akan = 46771 ie hel b Vena = CH Veaseous nerere = FHYTY Ic ey Rel : Example. 3 Final the Bol aiissihe Flee fem rerortuce O.€. Qref =O) when gaseous hy af 25°C barns sterchiometncalle, with qaseus C2 of 25°C. Ne liquid water to) preset! in the exhaust stron. CH, + 20, —> Ca + 2H,O For | eard Fralrare: I6leq + Glyky > He | Oces S wm celTac 28) + Grae — EF ov Gp (Tad -280) Reo Feo = P\Gat Abe! = [EX Soot = Foo 22s IV Ls LAV Por aaseas chy, > 92 (os (S00 224 [— [(44x 0.94154 26x1.8723) Tag 25] XeSolving, Pom Toki Tot = TERT & This 1s dearly very hob! Th shold be ndeok that ce velues are hemperahure-cherendent, ancl that before dekermining: Tout, we reel Tout te Finck Heel! ce pete Thus therali an mvet be employgch be Pack ar aceupeate sol crear sinc, Coon ~femcperotate Cp Vel wes yields oO aseful sterbion copreximnah any however. Baloncing Eneray Rates IN Combun tien Frocesses Apelor tle SFEE fe te ete contro! vaune consiolered jerevionsla, We CAN, obtain : Grek = S AG(Tn~250 + Qnee - Ce Tout -2.5°%C) Keox, Fol where Ces Reel Venresl OF Drone = S wrshe -7 Abe Frod Keox, In thes case, Qret is the rafe mee which heat 1's extracted| from the conlanstor, anol Grime 15 the rate at which beet 1's iptclokecl hy He te react ran Excenpyele: by. le 7 An industri! var fer~ heute ea Ihals of Propane at (SC with wr af 25b to hed water From &°C fe €0%. Th the weakerheaters tackle femyoetec v& fs preasureddl to he (by 1§°C, determine the flow rote, of the weter that i's keno beted Br storch Feet esther Tele Ce not iTF KITES. Reaction: CzHe +t 5O, + 1S. EN, SCO, + FH + ISSN. > [kgs + REUkgIs + 12 leals B keg lst I. blues + {2 keyfs Ereca) rote, healence + Qreb =F ACC 75) + Orme” S| MR Col Tou 25%) Reac, Nso. Groh if Mio Ce nes ATh,s At orc , no liqpaick waler will bee present in the exhour: strewn, anck iP propane 1S assumeck FASLOUS: © Qrese = LH aes pia 46255 KY/ en Rel m> eps [1x1 6114 (15-25) 0 +] [1x 46355] ~ [(2x 0.848 H1ehx 2722 412XI a4le\ (1&0 -25) | 742632 kw i. 7 Sect Pony 5D DT ee] - 42522 2138.9 ke/- Ani19( §2-55] ~ ©Comlaushon Gas Pew Point (65) Genorelly, it is desirent that combanshion ceses are nok cocdkal te Leena the dew point Femperciture, Ts. F the woker Veponr Prob the strennn peas : Liquid woter is corrosive, anok wher sul|far chionide (s0.) is present in he combustion products, sulfuric acich fs Formert, whick rs sions Fart more Cotrosivt- Te determine the dew monk fom perature, the mae fraction & Teor Veysowl must F) at be avoluoderd : Nu nie oat This enalles tre vapor presstre be be Gund. Key = where 1 No. moles A pocdlcts wnix, od” Py cM: Prnnx, ont Tap iz then Fowles the temperature axssctiotech with, Paaeb = Pe Exomele bn etn e the dew point femyserotuse + te exhoust shreann associa tak with the prevlaxS example, if ibis known thet the stream has a static press are of 123 bar, oN 4 Dey eS = O/SS Nina, out 3444 128(6) Py sey: Pani pout v = OISS X19 2 01622 bem = Py set > From sabrrateh steam telsle , Tap? S4.8C View interpolation. ; This GAsvear clenarl conics tha} as ine the LHV value ta the prevlous example was the comed c hove. The Condeustion of Carl ool Netital Gas These faels cereral| dont hove fixeah chemice| Compositions. Rather their composition Is speci. to the geog rophie locations ot wArch they are extracted Conn! ancl nodurel ces are compescol OF pehominantly carson arch methane, respectiely fA ool en dee number of comlanstyble ancl flon econ husteble comysopents. Te simp ti the cap har stan enely SIS of these Rrels, they are typrcally clefinect by ca Composition areal, Sisu For example, rortirrenl IOS fron. a portionlac well may have the following, composition: 754A CH, , 134002, TK Cx He, 3h, + 2KGHp Sack on analysis enables the acti yicdoal reactyons associate! with the combustion of the rafure| gas to he calenlotedt. Wate thet in tals exeampl,If Is assumed thaf the COz¢ Ne conyoonents ©) dlo net eet curd) Oe there fre oli'sregorcleck, Exonapk 4.6 exowpot . . Beterpaine the stoichpovetnie air-feel mass ratio Foe the Following moss analy sis f coal. Sore, ISZH, ILS g 4x Ash. All conponents here. except the ash will combust, Consider the reactions associated with ¢ Hats incktvicwally : C Reaction: C4 O2 + 3.76N, —> CQ + B.76N, (2ke + 32 hey tos. 3 keg ~> Fern | Ine of coal, there [Ss OS kee alt c, which reqwires 2% (B2+/05.3)= PAB bey Keir Hz Reaction’ WU, + 202 4/88, Ho + 1.85 I, Dke + 16 lea + 52.6 by > Fea | eq ot cool, thera is O15 lex of 1 eee Fes muires 22 (16 452.6) 2 BIS keg oF aie, & Reachron: S+ C2 + 3.76N, + So, t 2.T6M S2ki + 32k t/OS. 3 ky —> For I lex A coal, flere Is 9.01 key pe Dy whickiG reqplres oe (32+105.3) = 2.2 ky of oi, (EH) Mae - 91545151004 a ™ saa coo\ !