MOTION (Part – 1)

MOTION:
• An object is said to be in motion if it changes its position with respect to a stationary reference
point with passage of time.

REST:
• A body is said to be at rest if it does not change its position with respect to a stationary
reference point with passage of time.

*REFERENCE POINT: It is the point from which the location of an object is measured. It is often called
as origin.

REST AND MOTION ARE RELATIVE TERMS :

• Rest and motion are always relative because they depend on the observer’s frame of reference. A
body cannot exist at a state of absolute rest or absolute motion. An object is said to be in motion
only if it changes its position with respect to a fixed point or a fixed body, therefore, a body or an
object at rest can be in motion with respect to another body.
• For example, two persons sitting in a moving bus are at rest with respect to each other but are in
motion with respect to a person standing on the roadside.

TYPES OF MOTION:
• RECTILINEAR OR TRANSLATORY MOTION:
A body has a rectilinear / translatory motion when it moves in a straight line.
Example: A car moving along a straight road.
• CIRCULAR MOTION:
A body has circular motion when it moves in a circular path (moving along the circumference
of a circle).
Example : Motion of a satellite around the earth.
PHYSICAL QUANTITY:
Any quantity that can be measured is called a physical quantity.
Example: Area, Length, Volume.

TYPES OF PHYSICAL QUANTITIES:

• SCALAR QUANTITY:
A physical quantity which has only magnitude is called a scalar quantity.
Example: distance, mass, time, volume, speed .etc.

• VECTOR QUANTITY:
A quantity which has both magnitude and direction is called a vector quantity.
Example: displacement, velocity, weight of an object .etc.

DISTANCE:

• It is defined as the total length of the path that an object covers from its initial to final
position.
• It is a scalar quantity.
• The SI unit of distance is metre (m).
• It is always positive.

DISPLACEMENT:

• Shortest distance between initial and final position is called displacement.

• It is a vector quantity.
• The SI unit of displacement is metre (m).
• It can be negative, positive or zero.