Motion and Rest.

STD 7
Chapter 1
 Previous learning...
Motion
• If a body changes its
position with respect to its
surrounding it is said to be
in motion.
Rest
• If a body changes its
position with respect
to its surrounding it is
said to be in motion.
Rest and Motion are relative...

• An object can be in motion relative to one set of objects while it

is at rest relative to some other objects.

• E.g. A student 'X' might be the fastest runner in std.7 C ( in her class) but she
might not be the fastest runner in the entire std. 7
• Thus speed of 'X' relative to & C and entire 7 is different.
• The earth is in state of
• Planets are in a state of motion
motion with respect to ( wrt)
with respect to the sun
the Astronaut and the
whereas the Sun is in the state
astronaut is in a state of rest
of rest wrt the planets.
wrt the Earth.
• The passengers in the bus
are in a state of rest wrt
each other even though the
bus is moving. Whereas for
a person standing on road
the same bus is in state of
motion.
• The two people rowing the
boat are in state of rest wrt
each other even though the
boast is moving.
Physical quantities

Scalar  Vector

• It can be defined by • It has to be defined by both

magnitude alone. magnitude and direction.
• e.g. Length, breadth, • e.g. Displacement, velocity,
distance, mass, energy, acceleration, force,
volume, time, speed, etc. weight, etc.
Distance and Displacement

Distance ( Scalar) Displacement ( Vector)

• It is the shortest distance
• It is the length of the path
traversed by an object. travelled by an object in a
specified direction..
 Distance and Displacement
• Distance depends on  the • Displacement does not
path followed by an object. depend on  the path
followed by an object.

The distance covered in above figure is more than the

displacement
 Distance Displacement

• Distance can be more than or • Magnitude of displacement 

equal to displacement. can be less or equal to the
distance covered.
 Distance Displacement

• Distance can be more than or • Magnitude of displacement 

equal to displacement. can be less or equal to the
distance covered.
 Distance Displacement
• Distance may or may not be
zero, even if the displacement • Displacement may be zero
is zero. even if distance is not zero.

• Eg. Anna takes a taxi from her home to • In the given example Anna first

school then keeps the taxi waiting and travels towardsschool and then travels in

the opposite direction  and comes back to

collect some books. She then  takes
the same start position.
the same taxi and comes back home.
• Therefore, displacement= 0 .
In all she travels 3km.
                  
• Therefore, distance travelled = 3 km.
 SPEED

1. It is the distance covered by a body in unit time.

Speed = distance/time

2. Since it has only magnitude, therefore it is a scalar quantity.

3. It informs us of only one quality of motion; how fast or slow a body moves.
 UNIFORM SPEED  NON- UNIFORM
SPEED 

• If a moving body travels equal • If a moving body travels unequal

distances in equal intervals of time, distances in equal intervals of
its motion is said to be uniform. time, its motion is said to be non-
• Speed of the body remains constant uniform.
throughout the journey.
 Average speed
• Average speed= total distance travelled by the body
total time of journey
 Velocity
• It is the distance covered by a body in unit time in a given
direction.
• Velocity= displacement /time
• Since it has magnitude and direction, therefore it is a vector
quantity.
• It informs us of two qualities of motion.

How fast or slow the body moves.

Direction in which the body.

•  Magnitude of velocity is speed.

 Uniform Velocity Variable Velocity

If a body travels equal distance in If a body travels unequal distance in

equal intervals of time and the equal intervals of time or the direction
direction of motion of the body does of motion of the body changes, then
not change, then the body is said to the body is said to possess
possess uniform velocity. variable velocity.
 Speed
• Speed = Distance / time
• Scalar quantity- It
only has magnitude.
• It informs about one quality of
motion, ie. How fast or slow the
body moves.
Velocity
• Velocity = Displacement / time
• Vector quantity
- It  has magnitude and direction.
• It informs about two qualities of
motion, ie. how fast or slow the
body is and what is the direction
in which the body moves.
Click on the link to solve the online practice worksheet on google forms:

https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSc9DtA01HzPDSXzObsw4wcpoYFCk22KBlhCzf
xOp7axOIAhaA/viewform?usp=sf_link
Thank you...