WORK-ENERGY

THEOREM, and POWER

KINETIC ENERGY and WORK-KINETIC ENERGY THEOREM
KINETIC ENERGY and WORK-KINETIC ENERGY THEOREM

Kinetic energy is a property of a moving object or

particle and depends not only on its motion but
also on its mass.

Kinetic energy is a form of energy that an object or

a particle has by reason of its motion.

1
𝐾= 𝑚𝑣 2
2

Σ𝑊 = 𝐾𝑓 − 𝐾𝑖 = Δ𝐾
SAMPLE PROBLEM 1:
A 6.0-kg block initially at rest is pulled to 𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏:
the right along a horizontal, frictionless 𝐴. )𝑣𝑓 @ 3.0 𝑚 =?
surface by a constant horizontal force 𝑊 = 𝐹Δ𝑥 𝑊 = (12𝑁)(3𝑚)
of 12 N. Find the speed of the block
after it has moved 3.0 m. 𝑾 = 𝟑𝟔 𝑱

𝑮𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒏: 1 1
𝑊 = 𝐾𝑓 − 𝐾𝑖 𝑊= 𝑚𝑣𝑓2 − 𝑚𝑣𝑖2
𝑚 = 6 𝑘𝑔 𝐹𝑎 = 12 𝑁 2 2

Δ𝑥 = 3.0 𝑚 𝑣𝑓 @ 3.0 𝑚 =? 1 1
𝑊 = 𝑚𝑣𝑓2 − 𝑚(0)
2 2
1
36 = (6)𝑣𝑓2
2
36 2
= 𝑣𝑓2
6
36 2
𝑣𝑓 =
6 𝒗𝒇 @ 𝟑. 𝟎 𝒎 = 𝟑. 𝟒𝟔 𝒎/𝒔
 𝐹𝑘 = 𝞵𝑘 𝑛 𝐹𝑘 = (0.15)(𝑚𝑔)
SAMPLE PROBLEM 2:
𝐹𝑘 = (0.15)(6)(9.81)
A 6.0-kg block initially at rest is pulled to
the right along a horizontal, frictionless 𝑭𝒌 = 𝟖. 𝟖𝟐𝟗 𝑵
surface by a constant horizontal force
of 12 N. Find the speed of the block Find the work done by the applied
after it has moved 3.0 m if the surfaces force and friction:
in contact have a coefficient of kinetic 𝑊𝑎 = 𝐹Δ𝑥 = (12)(3) 𝑊𝑎 = 36 𝐽
friction of 0.15.
𝑊𝑓𝑟 = −𝑭𝒌 Δ𝑥 = (−8.829)(3) 𝑊𝑓𝑟 = −26.487 𝐽
𝑮𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒏:
𝑚 = 6 𝑘𝑔 𝝻𝑘 = 0.15 𝑣𝑓 @ 3.0 𝑚 =? ∑𝑊 = 𝐾𝑓 − 𝐾𝑖
Δ𝑥 = 3.0 𝑚 𝐹𝑎 = 12 𝑁 1 1
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏: 36𝐽 − 26.487𝐽 = 𝑚𝑣𝑓 − 𝑚𝑣𝑖2
2
2 2
𝐹𝑘 = 𝞵𝑘 𝑛 1 1 2 9.513 2
2
9.513 = (6)𝑣𝑓 − 6(0) 𝑣𝑓 =
∑𝐹𝑦 = 0 2 2 6

−𝑚𝑔 + 𝑛 = 0
9.513 2
𝒏 = 𝒎𝒈 𝑣𝑓 =
6
𝒗𝒇 @ 𝟑. 𝟎 𝒎 = 𝟏. 𝟕𝟖 𝒎/𝒔
SAMPLE PROBLEM 3:
A block of mass 1.6 kg is attached to a 𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏:
horizontal spring that has a force constant of
1 1
1.0 𝑥 103 𝑁/𝑚. The spring is compressed 2.0 cm 𝑊𝑠 = 𝑘𝑥𝑓2 − 𝑘𝑥𝑖2
and is then released from rest. Calculate the 2 2
speed of the block as it passes through the 1
𝑊𝑠 = (1.0 𝑥 103)(−2.0 𝑥 10−2 )2 − 0
equilibrium position 𝑥 = 0 if the surface is 2
frictionless.
𝑊𝑠 = 0.20 𝐽
𝑮𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒏:
1 1
𝑚 = 1.6 𝑘𝑔 𝑘 = 1.0 𝑥 103 𝑁/𝑚 ∑𝑊 = 𝐾𝑓 − 𝐾𝑖 0.20 = 𝑚𝑣𝑓 − 𝑚𝑣𝑖2
2
2 2
𝑣𝑓 =?
1 2 1
0.20 = (1.6)(𝑣𝑓 ) − (1.6)(0)
2 2
0.20 2
𝑣𝑓2 =
1.6

0.20 2
𝑣𝑓 = 𝒗𝒇 = 𝟎. 𝟓 𝒎/𝒔
1.6
POWER
• The time rate of energy transfer is called power. We will
focus on work as the energy transfer method in this
discussion, but keep in mind that the notion of power is
valid for any means of energy transfer

SI unit= Watt= from James Watt

𝑘𝑔 ∗ 𝑚2
*1 𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑡 = 1 𝐽/𝑠 = 1 3
𝑠
∗ 1 ℎ𝑝 = 746 𝑊
Unit for work in terms of Power
*1 𝑘𝑊ℎ = (103 𝑊) 3600𝑠
= 3.6𝑥106 𝑘𝐽
SAMPLE PROBLEM:
An elevator car has a mass of 1 600 kg and is carrying
passengers having a combined mass of 200 kg. A
constant friction force of 4 000 N retards its motion
upward, as shown in the figure.
a. What power delivered by the motor is required to lift
the elevator car at a constant speed of 3.00 m/s?
b. What power must the motor deliver at the instant the
speed of the elevator is v if the motor is designed to
provide the elevator car with an upward
acceleration of 1.00 𝑚/𝑠 2 ?

𝑮𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒏:
𝑚𝑒 = 1600 𝑘𝑔 𝑓𝑟 = 4000𝑁
𝑚𝑝 = 200 𝑘𝑔 𝑣 = 3.00 𝑚/𝑠
SAMPLE PROBLEM:
An elevator car has a mass of 1 600 kg and is carrying passengers having a
combined mass of 200 kg. A constant friction force of 4 000 N retards its motion
upward, as shown in the figure.
a. What power delivered by the motor is required to lift the elevator car at a
constant speed of 3.00 m/s?

𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏:
∑𝐹𝑦 = 0 𝑃 =𝐹 ∗𝑣
𝑇 − 𝑓 − 𝑀𝑔 = 0 𝑃 = (21,658) ∗ (3)
𝑇 − 4000 − (1600 + 200)(9.81) = 0
𝑷 = 𝟔𝟒, 𝟗𝟕𝟒 𝑾
𝑇 = 4000 + (1800)(9.81)

𝑻 = 𝟐𝟏, 𝟔𝟓𝟖 𝑵
SAMPLE PROBLEM:
An elevator car has a mass of 1 600 kg and is carrying passengers having a combined
mass of 200 kg. A constant friction force of 4 000 N retards its motion upward, as shown in
the figure.
b. What power must the motor deliver at the instant the speed of the elevator is 𝑣 if the
motor is designed to provide the elevator car with an upward acceleration of 1.00 𝑚/𝑠 2 ?

𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏:
∑𝐹𝑦 = 𝑀𝑎 𝑃 =𝐹 ∗𝑣
𝑇 − 𝑓 − 𝑀𝑔 = 𝑀𝑎 𝑃 = (23458) ∗ (𝑣)
𝑇 − 4000 − 1600 + 200 9.81 = 1800(1)
𝑷 = 𝟐𝟑𝟒𝟓𝟖𝑵 ∗ 𝒗
𝑇 = 4000 + 1800 9.81 + 1800

𝑻 = 𝟐𝟑, 𝟒𝟓𝟖 𝑵