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Jute

Jute fibre is obtained from the stem of jute plants. It is soft, shiny and long fibre with a
silky texture.
Cultivated in rainy seasons and is basically grown in the states of West Bengal, Bihar
and Assam.

Jute

What Are Fibres Made up Of

Fibres

The finer part of the thread is referred to as fiber.

Fiber is a thread like structure that is spun into ropes, clothes and strings.
Fabrics are made from fibres obtained from natural or artificial sources. Example:
rayon, nylon, polyester, etc.

Cotton
Yarn

The thin strands made from fibre are called as yarns. Spinning is the process of
making yarn.

Cotton

Cotton is obtained from cotton bolls which are taken directly from surface of cotton
seeds.
It is grown in black clayey soil with warm climate.
The processing of cotton involves Ginning, Spinning, Weaving and Knitting.

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Cotton Boll

Ginning

The plant from which cotton is picked contains seeds. The process of removing these
seeds from cotton pods is known as ginning.
Ginning can be done using hands or by machines.

Spinning

The process of making yarn from thin strands of fibres is called spinning.  

It can be done by hand or on a spinning wheel.

Weaving

Two distinct yarns are arranged together on weaving machines, known as looms, to make a
fabric. 

Knitting

Knitting is one of the most popular methods to make fabrics from yarns.  

In this process, a single yarn is used to make a piece of fabric.

Cotton Fabrics
Fabrics

Fabrics is the woven material or textile.

It is prepared from yarns by weaving or knitting.
Example: Blankets, towels, curtains, etc.

Knitting

Hand knitting is a conventional method of knitting, though it is also done on machines. For

example, sweaters are knitted from wool.

Weaving

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Weaving done by hand

Natural Fibres vs. Synthetic Fibres

Synthetic fibres

These are not obtained from natural sources.

These are prepared in laboratories using various petrochemical products.
These are also known as man-made fibers.
These are more durable than natural fibers.

Example: Polyester, nylon, acrylic, etc.

Natural fibres

These are obtained from nature, i.e., from plants or animals.

Plant fibres are obtained from plants and are also called cellulosic fibers. Example:
Cotton, flax, hemp, jute, and ramie.
Animal fibers are obtained from animals and are also known as protein
fibres. Example: Wool and silk.
They are eco-friendly.

Evolution of Clothing
Evolution of clothing

Flax fibres were the first to be put to use as clothing followed by cotton.

In modern days, clothing became mechanized, where machines have more to do with
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making clothes.

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