1.

The boost converter illustrated below operates in the continuous conduction 1 point
mode. The MOSFET has on-resistance Ron . All other sources of loss are
​

negligible.

When entering equations, express your results in terms of the following

variable names:

Quiescent duty cycle ($$D$$): D

Duty cycle perturbation ($$\hat{d}$$): dhat

MOSFET on-resistance ($$R_{on}$$): Ron

Output voltage perturbation ($$\hat{v}$$): vhat

Inductor current perturbation ($$\hat{i}$$): ihat

Quiescent output voltage ($$V$$): V

Input voltage perturbation ($$\hat{v}_g$$): vghat

Load resistance ($$R$$): R

If your expressions contain the quantities Vg or I , you should use the steady-
​

state model to eliminate these and express your answers as functions of the
above variables only.

Question 1:

Derive the small-signal ac equation associated with the inductor, of the form

di^
L = RHS .
dt
​

Enter an expression for the right-hand side RHS of this equation.

RonV d^
−DRon^i + V d^ + vg
^ − v^ (−D + 1) −
​

R(−D+1)
​

Please note: Each of the following will be interpreted as a single variable,

not as a product of variables: dhat, vghat, ihat, vhat, Ron. To multiply
variables, please use * (e.g. enter x*y to multiply variables x and y).
 vghat-Ron*dhat*V/((1-D)*R)-Ron*ihat*D+dhat*V-(1-D)*vhat

2. Derive the small-signal ac equation associated with the capacitor, of the form 1 point

dv^
C = RHS .
dt
​

Enter an expression for the right-hand side RHS of this equation.

^i (−D + 1) − V d^ v^
R(−D+1)
​ − R
​

Please note: Each of the following will be interpreted as a single variable,

not as a product of variables: dhat, ihat, vhat. To multiply variables,
please use * (e.g. enter x*y to multiply variables x and y).

-vhat/R+(1-D)*ihat-dhat*(V/((1-D)*R))

3. The small-signal equations of Questions 1-2 correspond to the ac model 1 point

illustrated below. Derive this model. Questions 3 to 6 refer to this model.

Question 3:

Enter an expression for the effective resistance Rt. Your expression should be
a function of the variables listed above Question 1.

DRoni^
Please note: Each of the following will be interpreted as a single variable,
not as a product of variables: Ron, ihat. To multiply variables, please use
* (e.g. enter x*y to multiply variables x and y).

Ron*D*ihat
4. Enter an expression for the coefficient a of the d^ voltage source. Your 1 point
expression should be a function of only the variables defined above Question
1.

RonV
V + R(−D+1)
​

Please note: Each of the following will be interpreted as a single variable,

not as a product of variables: Ron. To multiply variables, please use *
(e.g. enter x*y to multiply variables x and y).

Ron*V/((1-D)*R)+V

5. Enter an expression for the coefficient b of the d^ current source. Your 1 point
expression should be a function of only the variables defined above Question
1.

V
R(−D+1)
​

V/((1-D)*R)

6. Enter an expression for the effective turns ratio m. Your expression should be 1 point
a function of only the variables defined above Question 1.

1
−D+1
​

1/(1-D)

7. The figure below illustrates a pulse-width modulator that employs a triangle 1 point
wave rather than a sawtooth wave.
 Questions 7 to 9 refer to this modulator.

Question 7:

What is the switching frequency, in Hz?

20000

8. Find an expression for the duty cycle d(t), as a function of the control voltage 1 point
vc (t), for −2 ≤ vc ≤ 2. Your result should be an equation of the form d =
​ ​

RHS ; enter your expression for the right-hand side RHS . Use the following
variable name:

Control voltage ($$v_c$$): vc

Your equation will include numerical values (in Volts) that are extracted from
the figure.

0.25vc + 0.5
Please note: Each of the following will be interpreted as a single variable,
not as a product of variables: vc. To multiply variables, please use * (e.g.
enter x*y to multiply variables x and y).
 0.25*vc+0.5

9. What is the small-signal gain d^/v

^C of this PWM circuit? Express your result in
​
1 point
−1
units of volts .

0.25

0.25

10. What is the sampling rate of this pulse-width modulator? Express your answer 1 point
in Hz.

40000

11. Manipulate your boost converter model of Questions 1-6 into canonical form. 1 point
Your result should be a circuit as illustrated below.

Enter your expressions for the elements in the question fields below, as
functions of only the variable names listed above Question 1, plus the
following:

Inductance ($$L$$): L

Laplace transform variable ($$s$$): s

Question 11:

Enter an expression for the effective inductance Le .

​

L
(−D+1)2
​

L/(1-D)^2
 /( )

12. Enter an expression for the effective resistance Re .​

1 point

DRoni^
(−D+1)2
​

Please note: Each of the following will be interpreted as a single variable,

not as a product of variables: ihat, Ron. To multiply variables, please use
* (e.g. enter x*y to multiply variables x and y).

Ron*D*ihat/(1-D)^2

13. Enter an expression for the voltage source coefficient e(s). 1 point

RonV V (DRon^i +Ls)

V + R(−D+1)
​ − R(−D+1)2
​

Please note: Each of the following will be interpreted as a single variable,

not as a product of variables: ihat, Ron. To multiply variables, please use
* (e.g. enter x*y to multiply variables x and y).

Ron*V/((1-D)*R)+V-(s*L+Ron*D*ihat)*V/((1-D)^2*R)

14. Enter an expression for the current source coefficient j(s). 1 point

d^
−D+1
​

Please note: Each of the following will be interpreted as a single variable,

not as a product of variables: dhat. To multiply variables, please use *
(e.g. enter x*y to multiply variables x and y).

dhat/(1-D)

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I, Srinivasarao Kavuru, understand that submitting work that isn’t my own may result in
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