Circlas

Tn plane, hu points whieh cva sguidistance rom

a

i e c point uwhan jainad toqather ams üncle a

A A xud point s called the sartse al the circla

and the distance hettacon tha points and the
Conte is called Juadius q the cirde
Lina stgmunt pasaing traugh ha cwtu ol a
tbrcl and its paints CandD Ja an tha ciula iu
callad tha diameter o t a circle

n aAana 0gmant whoa2 nd points i s an dhu incle

s allad ha had tha ciule
Sgmant Tha anion baund Jaetungan te a o
tha üca and dhard aruns 3mant o
i1_as-

in@

Chasd
 Sckanhe ugian bournd bakosen Ha a
ciula Cund JLadu Jaums a3atkan ola

raya
Sechan

miha
Sechsn
alh. ha
munan as

Rlatsn Jaetueen a ine and d

Tangendt

Taungent-A inngent to a csale js a ine

Jntaraat the cicle at anly ana paint
poit

Thow S anly ond iangant at a point

cirnle
Thearm The tangent at a paint a a sinde js
o tha sadius
PApendiulan
Jhoauah he
uint Contact.

Aiten:A iele th cantre 0 and o tangent *7

to a cide at a point P.
To phoe OP LXY
Constution' Take a point G on Xy and Jain CQ.

ua The point mat ie utaide tha cixck.

I ies inside de ile, XY aill becama
secantt ond nat atanqant to tu cidJ
itang
Theralara. than the sradiws OP
t u idla. That i.
Ogof
Sinta tuis happns ar Nery pointn

tha lina XY axapt paintP, of is the

the
shartest a ae
all the distances h
paint O to the points XY.
O P is perpendiculan to XY
'.OP XY
 Ewuisw -}0.1

Lwnqant Pg at a paint P ALiruda o

Suadius 5 cm masts a lina tlunuah ha sntu o
at a paint Q 0hat 0g - 12 m . length P u:

a Rnow that oPL P

In AOPg,P=g

12)= 6)+ Pg
2
H-25 =Pg
9 = Pg
cm

u engtbus inqpnts drawn mm an a

0rumlo.2
tarnalpaint to a cinla a s qual

P
 iven. A ti with urdbu
atenal paint P, tangants P 0and Juadis
and
,
PR.
To phoe' Pg-PR
SonstuHon. Jein OP, 0g and OR.
un n AgOP and ARoP
2g -R 30 Ana md at point a,contod)
0- ORCsadius osama ciulw
OP OP(tamman
By RHS
AgoP AROP
' GP = RP C CPCT)
Honca onel

rampla'

ion Contantic ciude C and (a with contu 0..

Shard AB i d a C touche Ga at P.
T6 poe: AP- PB
Lanstuuuken Join OA, of and OB.

Bs n A°PA and AoPB

OA-06C' odius Cich ()
OP OP Cconmon)
Cantat)
OPA LOP8 3o (poink of
 'AoPA AoP6 CBu RH S
AP PB C'CPCT)
Henc noved!

mpla 2

inan Tangunts Tf and T uom t point T.

to en- tincla with cente 0.
To poe ZpT 240P
Breo et, 2PT x
In AP Tg
TP - TO C tanquns d
.AP TQ is an isostalas A. om t ptT)
.LTP LTgP =

S0-
C2T+LPA L 18
But we knouo hat -a angle at tha polnt
point
Sontarti8 0
'LTPQ=g0
'TPOeLTP+ Lofg
0 30 +L0P9
LoPG

.',LPTQ 2 20PG
Hance d
Enample3
Saluke-

i n PG Scm and sradius Sum

TP
To und ngth a
Conatuton Jcin OL
Saluhich. ATPS is an isosceles A
TO s angle bisutan LP TS
0TiPg
OT hizecs P
PR Pg un.
'In APRO Ro =3um C' thaganas iplt)
G)
A TRPo PRO C- Theaun

Po RO

TP 5.20 m

A TP 20 Un
 CxAuise - lo.2

ram a point 9, the Janath the lannt

Lana
Cine is 24m and ta distan
a n
Luttu is 25 Um. a Juadius tha inda is.

iven QT=24 cm, 0 =25m

To ind 0T
SoLu wa know that tho ano-kaumad at te
point o Cantact is 9
AGTO is
sight naled tuane
PplyinaBythngeras Tuplat,
OT+Tg
TO OT
(25)- 240 =
625

OT
OT
T Jadius mn
,
 Rrova that the
Janguts doaon at the ends
adiomato a a Citle QA o
paalll.

Soludio

gien Giula with antu O and diamatn AB

y and wz au tanggnds ol irl
wth poit oContact at A and B aspotivu

o provu XYltWz
that angle omed at peint
breo e knaw
antat is 3c
L XAB8 2 8 A
LYA 0 21w60
hus. tue leun> qual altovate ang
.XY IWz.

o irumaribe
A aundilateral ABCO ls drawn
a Ccd . Busus that A8+0
A0t8
u
D

iven Quadsilateal ABCD

To p1o A6 t CO =
AD +B
Enoa A, 6,C. D axa tha sdarnal peins e
a Ciule
P,CS R.S aa tha pcint ocantact a tanu
As, BC, cO and DA uspartivelu
a kno that Jangth atangens au 2qua when
olautus am the Same artena Point
AP AS-0)
P6
B
. CR=CQ-dii

DR=DscO
Adding d1 ,d üiin analci)

(APAP) (CR+ OR) - AStB0 t cg tDS

AB t CD CAS + 0s) 1t (8 t
ABt CO AD8
8O8 0 a Hong ovad
 S hove hal Ahs panallsWn gnam
cle a xhanmhiua
buumeniblng o

Boluk

qian tul with tontow 0, Allgn ABcD tourhing

u iouda ai poinds P,g,R and S.
loproa ABCO i o Rhombus
Bxaa n
llam AeD
AB cO 8 AD 6Copp sida» axe enpal)
Erom thuaxn 102, Jangths a tangents douan
p a xtoual point asue squal Rants,
AP AS, BP 6-ii)
cRC-4) DR DS -v)
Adding in ,dir,Gv) atl(v)
AP+ 8f + CR +DR As B+ c1OS
CAP+ 8P) + (CRDR) CAS Ds)+ CB41()
. 9G+ CD AD+
om ) co AB and B - AD

AB+ AG -)+ADD
'2AB ZAD
26-AD

4o 6 (0- D Rhombu
fgt1 allid». quas is

.' eof, o Phowmb d

 In tha gaan
tangents to kque. 1andl x'y
a cide totth
wth Co
tünaent AB wth tha Cendu
nd aa O
Xadt A and point o Cantoct C
Cantact c
x'yat 6. noatna LA08intosa.
Ao8-6 rtamaori
pludion P A

givenXY llxY, tangent AB wth point ocoai

o proNe LA0B 0
Broo Join Oc
In AOPA and AoCH
OP Oc Csadii)
PA AC (Jonpth o tangendt uam.A
A OA
B 9SS AOPA noCA 8
L PoA= LCO A CPCT)-d3
åmilady4,e Can prov that
AoGe AoCB CB SSS
Lo8==Lcog C:CPCT-)
Pa is tha diamtar sthe cincle
LPOR t 2Aoc LgOB +LCOo8I80

Clinea pain)
CLAO A o t CLcOB +LCo8-13
by
i and )

2AOCt 2co8180
2 CLAOCtZL0B)18 0
LAoctcOB shal

.LAO6 S0
Hance exevudl

aivan Gxch with curbu.0.ext poink A, APg Ad

lo pronue PO t LPAG E 180

Exoal Gn quadsilatsak PoGA

PO. tLOGA+ 29AP + LARO 360
LPO4 3o tzgAP+ 30 340
Cpand cde
fu peinto contac)
 ' LPog Z8AP 360-180
LPog LGAP = 180

Hoca ovud

12 diangs ABc is donun to Ciumatube a id

Sadius Hon suuh hat tha 20munts BOad o
into which BC s dividad by tu point oCatat
ad oUm
D a o Jongths 8 m
spithulu
Find tu sides AB AC

D mn

ian. Ciwle with centa 'o? ad Juatlius 4 m

anugent 6 C: uwith point o caatatt 0
auwh thoat CD-P6om and B0 8m
To Hind AC and A6
Counstbuction Tok E an point intwuserhar
tangarnt AB and Ac
Join OC, 08 and OA.
8oluton Fan AA8c, s

Sumipaximten A6 +62 +AC

21128
2
2
By Hehon's aunula

bun a AABC Vss-JG-)(s-O

S-a t1-(a+8)
+14--8 x (x+14S12XX 2
=
x (x+14) x2123
S-b XAA-A = 4J3lxt1) m

3-C 14)-(x+6)
X+H--6
8

Now, In AocB, oD 1m BC-H cm

Aa Aoc6 xoDABc

28 Cm

2
dimilary. gss 4AcB XÄ x (r18)
2 (+ Cm

&imilar. aksa aAAoC x n xCxt6

2 (x+)um
ii)
da AABc Cob+ a CAce) +ar CAoc)
28 4 2 (r+) + 2(4
2 8 +2xt1 t 21 +12
28+ 4X+ 28
1 5
-(6)
 Sampasin and

laking 2quna an both the side

3c r+1H
3 - 11
.219

. AB 8 =448= 15 m
AC Xt64t6 13um

Cros that ppasita aldes o udbilntou

g12 itumsoibingQ CicleSubtano upplammtasuy
th Cic,
anlas at tha cotsa ol

oumasuiba a circle cubu

en und.ABcD,
L00C 180
To po LA08 +
2A00+L Boc180
Proo L1 A/2 t L3121 45 16 4 1 123 -
In AAoH and AAoE
OA = OA CCarmn)
OH-OE CJadius)
AH AE (Jength tangnt doawn
am wnal point as eual
. : By SSS cxitwua,
AAOH A AoE
.L8 =LI -
Similad can proue hat
22 =L3 - )
25-24-ui

Now
L+22+23 +L4 t25t26 tL4t 28 = 360
L1tL2 +L2 +25+25+2 +2 + 21= 360

CB a ti ,i), dti) and in)

22 +L2 +L5t L) =
360
.'. 21+12+ L5+L6= 3 180 = 180
21

H 22) + (25+ L6) = 180

.'.LAOB + 2COD =180

ant, both angles are supatemanta
Similaruy e tan proe
2 Bo C + LAOD - 180

Hance oud
Brove hat tha ppandiculah at tha h
tha tangunt o a Cntla
Lontat to pOAdas th
the Jantu

gian APB is tangent to uirle with Latu 0

To prove s lina dran perpanalituln pum P ill
pass m O.
Bxoo dssume hat be perpencdiuulan to AB atf
dass not pass throuah untu 0. t it
thaugh anatn point 0. Jon oP and de

ds paprndiulan o AB at P
pasa Dnougt O
Lo'P6 3o-i
OJs tha Cartre o the
cisde dnd Pis t pot
antat krow had,
tu
joining tha cortra and he point a
to the tangunt ma tircle au perdiult
to Lach othen.
LOPB ad-00)
Compaxing an ard di D
Ld PB= LOPB
which is passi ble snly il ineides
he Jhe 0'P coino
Hanuit ol pass
thosugh cota 0.

road
The Sunath tangent pam o psint A at
diatanca 5on Jm o Juntrs o u ila is
Hun. ind thu saduus a u sisud

0
Jpant, thu i d s he with sunu
AG th tangant Jam paint A
Jongtho tanget AB= Hom
, distanu o paint om i l s is Son
Hrs, OA =50m
To And Radius 08
he
Salution 08 LA6 CRadiu 1 tangt at
paint d Lartat)
Applyipathagara hesun AABO,
AB+B
B0o=AZ

( + B =(5)
16 + Bo= 25
Ba- 25-1
bo= 9

BovS=3
is 3om.
ant, radius s i l a
l o Loncewuc uler axa o ad 5um and 3
Cind tha lergth oJhachand ha
whuth tauches he snallo bul
Jaugo inla

anuo Lantantit tidas C, and (2 wib antu 0.

OA 3m O-0P Som.
To ind Jagth f
alukion. As P tourhus Ca at A , P is tangnt
ocirla Cz
0Af CAs oA is h adius ouindw
Applin Bthagaros Thoun in ADAP
OA+AP=OP
2

3tAP 25
. AP= 25-3
', AP= 14
AP =
JI= 4 om
In AoP, Snta OL P9
AP A9 Cpendtular pom carte
Circle biseck the thard)
'P 2 AP 2x 8
P 8um
I n tho gien gu, hTP and T9 aa ha too
tanggnts o a inls uith Cantu O o hat 2P=
No, dhen 2PTO Jjs 2qual to?
T

ven TP and T aa targos, 2 PoG =110

To Lind. rTG
l u TP and Tg ax tangenta,
Thasakar, ndius drauan to Jhasa tangants kom
anta o a ince will ha pepandilar to
h tangnts
Thus, OP TP and es TO
LOPT 0
LOG T
-
90°
In quadlatral PoST,
Sum all Jnteuah anglus = 360

LOPT + 2POg t L0gT + f t 360

' 3 0 + 110 +30 + LPT 360
.'2P TO 3%0 290
3 angants PA and PB am A paint P
s i e aith certa 0 axe inihd Jo ar
at ang 8 0 , tun LPOA is ua h

ivan PA and PB asa tangens, AP = 80°

Toird:POA
olu. PA and PB a u tongons, radius dran n t
angonts will he popendiulan to dangunt
hu OA 1ePA ond 08 L Ps
LOBP g0
2OAP 90°
In quodbilatoal AoBP,
un o all int anals = 360
90+ 8+36L8oA360
B0A 366-260
LBoA= lo0
In AoPs and AoPA,
AP- 6P
Tangents Jpam paint
nt
o
O 08 CRadii a u
oP 0P Ccamuman
OPB e pOPA CSSS Canouan
.'LPB L POA
LPO A 2BoAJ LPo