Chapter 3

METHODOLOGY AND SOURCES OF DATA

This chapter presents the research design, the sources of data which includes the locale of

the study and the research population, instrumentation and data collection, and the tools for data

analysis.

Research Design

This study focused on the assessment of the instructional competence of English

teachers towards an. The study utilized the descriptive method of research with the use of a

survey questionnaire as the data gathering instrument in line with the teachers. The

instructional competencies of English Teachers were assessed, the instruction-related

problems encountered was determined, and a capacity building program was proposed to

enhance the instructional competencies of English teachers.

The study used a descriptive research design in order to attain its objectives. Descriptive

method proceeds to describe certain phenomena. For this reason, some authorities in research

describe it to be “fact finding” or information gathering” with analytical interpretations.

(LOOK FOR A DEFINITION OF DESCRITPTIVE RESEARCH DESIGN CITED

BY OTHER AUTHORS)

The descriptive method of research is employed to describe the profile of the

English teachers in 1st Congressional District of Nueva Ecija that includes the age, sex, civil

status, highest educational attainment, current teaching position, and relevant trainings

attended. Likewise, the same descriptive research method will be used to describe the

describe instructional competence of the English teachers be described in terms of mastery

of the subject matter, teaching skills, classroom management, and evaluation skills as well

as the problems encountered by the English teachers as to instructional purposes.

Respondents of the Study

Table 1 presents the respondent’s distribution to the different schools of the 1 st

Congressional District of Nueva Ecija.

Table 1
Distribution of Respondents
No. of English
Schools
Teachers
12

Total 142

The population of the English Teachers in 1st Congressional District, Division of

Nueva Ecija Province has a total of 142 using a stratified random sampling. According to

laenard.com, the main goal of stratified random sampling is to focus on particular

characteristics of a population that are of interest, which will best enable you to answer

your research questions.
 Table 1 shows the distribution of English Teachers per school in 1 st Congressional

District of Nueva Ecija Province. The number of teachers from each school was taken from

the Planning Office of the Department of Education, Division of Nueva Ecija.

DEPENDE ITO SA GUSTO NYONG SAMPLING N GAGAMITIN

CONVENIENT SAMPLING/ PURPOSIVE SAMPLING

Locale of the Study

Nueva Ecija was created as a military commandancia in 1777 by Governor General

Narciso Claveria, with the capital at Baler (present-day capital of Aurora province). It was

formerly part of the province of Pampanga. From its humble beginning, its land area grew to

cover almost the entire island of Luzon. Spanish records in the Philippines recognize two

Spanish countries in the Pacific--Las Islas Filipinas and Nueva Ecija. Poverty was only the

reason why Nueva Ecija was not given recognition as a separate country from the Philippines by

the king of Spain in 1840’s. From 1777 to 1917, Nueva Ecija’s territory was however subdivided

to give way to the creation of other provinces.

The province of Tayabas (now Aurora and Quezon) including the Polillio Islands, the

provinces of Palanan (now Isabela), Cagayan, the province of Nueva Vizcaya, the territory which

became part of the province of Quirino, and the province of Manila, north of the province of

Tondo in 1867, and the district of Morong (now Rizal) were among those created out of Nueva

Ecija.

Nueva Ecija was named by the Spanish colonizers after the city of Ecija, Spain. Its

indigenous names, such as Pinagpanaan, meaning the place where the arrow hit - defining the

precolonial artistry in archery in the area, were abolished and changed by the government during

the post-colonial period after World War II, sparking outrage from scholars and indigenous
communities. Nevertheless, the name-change of some municipalities into colonial names during

the post-colonial period was continued by the national government.

The Governor of Nueva Ecija is the highest-ranking official in the province, after the

President of the Philippines. The province is divided into four congressional districts, which

consists of 27 municipalities and five cities, namely: Cabanatuan, San

Jose, Palayan, Gapan and Science City of Muñoz. The provincial capital is Palayan City. Each

district has a specialization, where district 1 is known for its organic agriculture, district 2 is

known for its highlands and protected forests, district 3 is known for its urban and economic

settings, and district 4 is known for its diverse cultural celebrations.

Each district is under a congressperson, whom represents the district at the House of

Representatives in Congress. Political alliances in the province is extremely strong, with the

ruling party, the Liberal Party of the Philippines, staying in power since the post-martial law era.

Being an agricultural province, the main political agenda for the province is agricultural and

aqua-cultural advancements, along with high level education, health, and job and business

generation. The current governor of the province is Aurelio "Oyie" Umali. Serving as vice

governor is Anthony Umali.

Nueva Ecija is the largest province and the biggest rice producer of Central Luzon, thus,

often referred to as the “Rice Bowl of the Philippines”. It is considered the main rice growing

province of the Philippines and the leading producer of onions in the Municipality of Bongabon

in South East Asia. It is currently the 9th richest province in the country.

This famous place is selected for this undertaking knowing that the efficiency of the said

study would help the researcher find out the relationship of the aforementioned variables.

Figure 1 shows the map of Nueva Ecija Province indicating the location of the study.
 Figure 1. Map of Nueva Ecija Province indicating the 1st Congressional Municipalities
as the Locale of the Study

Instrument and its Validation ITO AS IS NA SYA

The questionnaires subjected to content validity using the assessment instrument developed

by Meimban (1999) using the five (5) evaluation instrument based on the following criteria:

1. Clarity

2. Readability

3. Objectivity
 4. Comprehensiveness

5. System/Orderliness

The validity of the instruments evaluated on the above-mentioned criteria using the

following five point scale:

1- Highly Valid. No flaws observed; nothing more to be desired to make it better.

2- Valid. Very little flaws are observed; minor rewording of few items needed.

3- Moderately Valid. Some flaws are observed; the overall usefulness is diminished only

slightly

4- Fairly Valid. Several flaws are observed; overall usefulness is diminished greatly.

5- Not Valid. Major revision is needed to make it useful.

The validity of the data-gathering instruments will be described in terms of the following

scale values with the corresponding descriptive equivalent.

Scale Mean Descriptive Equivalent

4.20 – 5.00 Highly Valid

3.40 – 4.19 Valid

2.60 – 3.39 Moderately Valid

1.80 – 2.59 Fairly Valid

1.00 – 1.79 Not Valid

The instrument considered valid ones, if their validity rating for each indicator is 2.00 or

higher. The following evaluators will make use the evaluation sheet.

1. Principal

2. Head Teacher

3. Master Teachers
 4. Teachers

The instruments qualitatively analyzed for the correctness of content, distribution

of concepts and appropriateness of the language level.

Data Gathering Instrument ITO NAMN PWEDE NYO ITO PALITAN OR DAGDAGAN

The main data gathering instrument used in this study was the questionnaire in the form

of a rating scale. A rating scale is defined by Good (1972) as a device used in evaluating

products, attitudes or other characteristics of teachers.

The instrument was prepared by the researcher with utmost care in the construction of the

questions. The researcher guided by his review of related studies particularly the specific

questions and hypotheses of the study. Further, his adviser, critic reader and the panel of

members guided the researcher in the draft of the questionnaire.

The data-gathering instrument used in this study is a set of questionnaires which were

distributed to the English teachers of the 1 st Congressional District. The questionnaire was

the main instrument in gathering data to determine the English teachers’ instructional

competence. The final draft of the questionnaire was shown to her adviser and all

suggestions/recommendations were incorporated to improve the questionnaire.

The questionnaire consisted of three parts. Part I comprised the instructional

competence as to mastery of the subject matter, teaching skills, classroom management,

and evaluation skills

Part II composes the problems encountered by the English teachers as to

instructional purposes.

Data Collection Procedure PWEDENG BAGUHIN O DAGDAGAN

 Before the conduct of this study, the researcher sought permission from the DepEd

Schools Division Office. Likewise, a letter of permission made for the principals to administer

questionnaires to the intended respondents.

The researcher conducted and administered the questionnaires personally. He went from

one school to another to personally gather the needed data.

Statistical Tool and Treatment of Data ITO DEPENDE SA SOP NYO KUNG PAANO

NYO MAMEMEASURE

To obtain valid and reliable results from the data to be gathered, appropriate statistical

tools utilized by the researcher to come up with proper interpretation in accordance with the

stated problems of the study.

Problem number 1

The profile of the English teachers described predominantly using frequency counts

and percentages.

In describing the profile of the English teacher, frequency and percentage was used.

Frequency referred to the number of cases while percentage is computed using the formula,

f
%= ×100
N

where

% Percentage

f Frequency

N Total Number of Cases

Problem number 2

For the instructional competence of English Teachers in terms of general

knowledge/mastery of the subject field; teaching skills; classroom management; and

evaluation skills. The average weighted mean was computed, and the results were interpreted

using the scale below:

Level of Instructional
Mean Scale Value
Competence

Highly Competent 3.25-4.00

Competent 2.50-3.24

Less Competent 1.75-2.49

Not Competent 1.00- 1.74

In describing the instructional competence, weighted mean was used. Weighted mean

is computed using the formula,

X=
∑ WX
n

where

X Weighted Mean

W Weight

X Raw Scores

n Number of Cases

Problem Number 3

This pertains to the problems encountered by the English Teachers to their

instructional competence, the average weighted mean was computed, and the results were

interpreted using the scale below:

 Adjectival Description Mean Scale Value

Strongly Agree 3.25-4.00

Agree 2.50-3.24

Disagree 1.75-2.49

Strongly Disagree 1.00- 1.74

In describing the instructional competence, weighted mean and ranking were used.

Weighted mean is computed using the formula,

X=
∑ WX
n

where

X Weighted Mean

W Weight

X Raw Scores

n Number of Cases

All the data encoded using the Microsoft Excel Program and was computed using the

Statistical Package for the Social Science or SPSS for purposes of analysis and interpretation.

Ethical Considerations

For ethical considerations, permission to conduct a research will secure from the

office of the principal and afterwards, a request letter addressed to the Office of the

Schools Division Superintendent will be forwarded for acceptance.

Once approval is acquired, the researcher then is allowed to online distribution of the

instruments to targeted respondents taking into consideration the provision of Republic Act No.

10173 or the Data Privacy Act of 2012. The respondents will be ensured that the data provide
will be kept in strict confidentiality and will only be used for the intended purposes. Anonymity

of the participants shall be maintained all throughout the conduct of this study in order to secure

their right to privacy.

Moreover, the scores of the respondents will not reveal and will not affect their academic

ratings of their children. Consent forms from the respondents and assent forms to the respondents

themselves will be furnished. There will be no school fund to be utilized in the gathering of data

nor should any fee been collected from the respondents.

Lastly, in response also to existing health protocols, instruments shall be distributed to

the participants thru online platforms, thus, reducing the risk brought about by face-to-face

encounter in so far as the current pandemic is concerned.

NOTE:

INCLUDE ALSO YOUR INSTRUMENT OR QUESTIONNAIRE

BIBLIOGRAPHY