Operaciones de

transferencia de Calor
Examen # 2
2021-II
 1- Considere el calentador eléctrico de la figura y encuentre:

ernala.Flow
El perfil de temperatura del aire en el interior del calentador (desde la entrada hasta la salida).
b. La temperatura de salida del aire del del calentador.
c. Cuál sería la potencia demanda por el calentador eléctrico?

hat of a solder ball. Heating elements, Ts = 350°C

more rapidly to the D = 12 mm
NL = 3 250 mm
NT = 4
he solder joint is pro-
r temperature differ-
ure difference 0.25 s Air duct

Air Terminal
panel
Ti = 25°C SL = 24 mm
V = 12 m/s
ompact tube bank in
ST = 24 mm
erse pitches are SL
s remain the same.
 Balance de energía
c:
ത 𝑇𝑠 − 𝑇 𝑑𝑁
ℎ𝑃
SL = 34.3 mm Water tube
ST = 31.3 mm D = 16.4 mm
Ts = 70°C

Ti = T¥ = 15°C
V = 6 m/s
𝜌𝑉𝐶𝑝𝑆𝑇 𝑁𝑇 𝑇ቚ 𝜌𝑉𝐶𝑝𝑆𝑇 𝑁𝑇 𝑇ቚ
𝑁 𝑁+𝑑𝑁

𝑃 = 𝜋𝐷; 𝑁 = 𝑁𝑇 ∗ 𝑁𝐿
Air
𝑑𝜌𝑉𝐶𝑝 𝑆𝑇 𝑁𝑇 𝑇 ห𝑁
𝜌𝑉𝐶𝑝𝑆𝑇 𝑁𝑇 𝑇 ห = 𝜌𝑉𝐶𝑝𝑆𝑇 𝑁𝑇 𝑇ห + 𝑑𝑁
Row 1 Row 7 𝑁+𝑑𝑁 𝑁 𝑑𝑁

ons:
𝑑𝜌𝑉𝐶𝑝𝑆𝑇 𝑁𝑇 𝑇 ห𝑁
y-state, incompressible flow conditions. ത 𝑇𝑠 − 𝑇 𝑑𝑁
𝑑𝑁 = −ℎ𝑃
dN 𝑑𝑁
ible radiation effects.
ible effect of change in air temperature across tube bank on air properties. −
ത
𝜋𝐷𝑁ℎ
𝜌𝑉𝐶𝑝 𝑆𝑇 𝑁𝑇
Elemento diferencial 𝑇 = 𝑇𝑠 − 𝑇𝑠 − 𝑇𝑖 𝑒
s: Table A.4, air (T 15 C): 1.217 kg/m3, cp 1007 J/kg K, 14.82
k 0.0253 W/m K, Pr 0.710. Table A.4, air (T 70 C): Pr 0.701.
 for small Reynolds numbers ( ReD 100).
anics.ir
Typically, we wish to know the average heat transfer coefficient for the
Average heat transfer coefficient for the entire
bank. Zukauskas [16]tube
hasbank Zukauskas
proposed has proposed
a correlation a correlation of the form:
of the form
Chapter 7 External Flow

1/4
NuD C1 RemD,max Pr0.36 Pr
Prs
Preferred
flow lanes

NL 20 b ( )

0.7
FI GURE
Pr 500
7.13 Flow conditions for (a) aligned and (b) staggered tubes.

(a)
10 ReD,max 2 106
T ABLE 7.5 Constants of Equation 7.58 for the tube bank
where NL is the number of tube rows, all properties except Prs are evaluated a
in cr oss flow [ 16]

metic mean of the fluidConfi

inlet (Ti T ) and outlet
guration Re C
(To) temperatures, and m
the const
D,max 1

m are listed in Table 7.5. 10–10

fluid
2
Aligned 0.80 0.40
The
Staggered
need to evaluate
10–10
properties
0.90
at the arithmetic
0.40 2 m
inlet and outlet temperatures
Aligned is dictated by 10the
–10 fact that the fluid astemperature
Approximate 2
a single 3
wi
Staggered 10 –10 (isolated) cylinder 2 3

(b)
or increase, respectively, due to heat transfer
Aligned to or
10 –2 10 from the
0.27 tubes. If the 0.63 change o
3 5

(ST /SL 0.7)a

FI GURE 7.13 Flow conditions for (a) aligned and (b) staggered tubes. Staggered 103–2 105 0.35(ST /SL )1/5 0.60
Flow conditions for (ST /SL 2)
(a) aligned and Staggered 103–2 105 0.40 0.60
(b)7.5staggered
T ABLE tubes.7.58 for the tube bank
Constants of Equation (ST /SL 2)
in cr oss flow [ 16] Aligned 2 105–2 106 0.021 0.84
Confi
guration ReD,max C1 m Staggered 2 105–2 106 0.022 0.84
10–10 a
Aligned 2
0.80 0.40 For ST /SL 0.7, heat transfer is inefficient and aligned tubes should not be used.
o, is large, significant
Theit isReynolds
in which case given by
error could result from the evaluation
number ReD,max for the foregoing correlati of
perature.fluid velocity occurring within the tube bank, ReD,max Vmax D
S
Vmax N V heat transfer coefficien
T
er rowsment,
of tubes, 20, Vthe average
occurs
L at the
max
transverse
2(S DD) plane A 1 of Figure (7.61)
7.12a,
Correction
tion factor C2 of Equation
requirement for an 7.59 for NL < 20 fluid
incompressible and ReD,max >=1000
orrection factor may be applied such that
If Vmax occurs at A1 for the staggered configuration, it may again be computed from
Equation 7.60.
ST
NuD (NL 20) C2NuD (NL 20) Vmax V (7.59
ST D
T ABLE 7.6 Cor r ection factor C2 of Equation 7.59 for NL 20
(ReD,max 103) [ 16]
e 7.6. N For the staggered
L 1 2
configuration,
3 4 5
the maximum
7 10
velocity
13
may
16

r ReD,max plane A0.70

1 orforegoing
Aligned for the
the
0.80
diagonal plane A0.92
2 of is
0.86 correlation
0.90
Figure 7.12b.
based
0.95
It will0.99
0.98 maxim
0.97on the
occu
such that
ithin the tube bank, ReD,max
Staggered 0.64 0.76 0.84
Vmax D/ . For the aligned arran
0.89 0.92 0.95 0.97 0.98 0.99

ransverse plane A1 of Figure 7.12a, and from the mass conser

Potencia
Se puede calcular de dos formas:

Pot= 𝜌 ∗ 𝑉 ∗ 𝐴𝑐 ∗ 𝐶𝑝 ∗ 𝑇𝑖 − 𝑇𝑜

Segunda forma:

Pot
Resolviendo la integral

Pot= ℎത ∗ 𝜋 ∗ 𝐷 ∗ 𝐿 ∗ 𝑁𝑇 ∗ 𝑁𝐿 ∗ ∆𝑇𝐿𝑛
 Solución
350 70000

300 60000

250 50000
Temperatura, ºC

Potencia, W
200 40000

150 30000

100 20000

50 10000

0 0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Número de filas, NT Número de filas, NT
 www.FluidMechanics.ir

s the bank is often a major operating expense and is

www.FluidMechanics.ir 7.6 Flow Across Banks of Tubes 473

Caída de presión: 7.6 Flow40Across Banks of Tubes

10
473

, which may be expressed as [16]

3
10
20 ReD,max
SL 10 4
ST
4010 PL = SL/D 10 5

c
10 1 10 6
PT = ST /D 10 3
20 6 ReD,max
4 SL PT = PL 10 4
ST
10 PL = SL/D 10 5
0.1

c
2

f
1 0.1 1 10 6 10
6 PT = ST /D (PT – 1)/( PL – 1)
4 1 PT = PL
PL = 1.25
0.6 0.1
2

f
0.4 1.50 0.1 1 10
2.0 (PT – 1)/( PL – 1)
10.2
PL = 1.25
2.5
0.6

Vmax
0.1 1.50

2 0.4
0.06
0.2 10 1 10 2
10 3
2.0

2.5 ReD,max
10 4 10 5 10 6

p NL f
0.1

F0.06
I GURE7.14 Friction factor ƒ and correction factor 4 for Equation 7.65. In-line tube6 bundle
10 1 10 2 10 3 10 10 5 10
arrangement [16]. (Used with permission.) Re D,max

2 FI GURE 7.14 Friction factor ƒ and correction factor

10 2
arrangement [16]. (Used with permission.)
1.8
for Equation 7.65. In-line tube bundle

2
10 2 1.6

10
³10 5

=
Aunque era algo que no se pedía,
3
SD 1.81.4 10

ax
c

,m
1

D
10

Re
10 4 4
1.61.2 10

2
se invita al estudiante a ver como se

10
10 3
³10 5
³10 5

=
1.41.0
3
SD S=D ST 10

ax
c

,m
f
1 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 2

calcula la caída de presión por

D
10

Re
10 4 4

rection factor are plotted in Figures 7.14 and 7.1

1.2 PT /PL 10
PT = 1.25 10 3
10 0 1.0 ³10 5

medio de esta expresión.

SD = S1.5
T

f
0.4 0.6 0.8 1 2
PT / PL
2.0 PT = 1.25
2.5
10 0

tube arrangement for which the dimensionless lon 10 –1

10 1
10 2
2.0
1.5

2.5

10 3 10 4 10 5 10 6
10 –1 ReD,max

FI GURE
1
7.15 Friction
2
factor ƒ and correction
3
factor 4 for Equation 7.65.
5
Staggered tube
6
 V, T¥

2- Con base en el enfriador de la figura analice si los datos son correctos. Si

los datos están bien tomados,
Fuel cell
stack encuentre:

a. El perfil de temperatura
SOLUTI ON del agua en el interior del tubo (desde la entrada
hasta la salida).
Known: Size of a hydrogen storage canister, hydrogen desorption rate, required hydro-
b. La temperatura de salida
gen operating del agua
pressure, velocity del del
and temperature of airtubo.
in cross flow.
c. La energía disipada en el enfriador
Find: The convective heat transfer to the canister and the additional heating needed to
sustain pH2
pfc.
Aire: Agua:
Schematic:
V= 25Tm/s, Flujo=1 kg/s
= 23°C
¥
Ti
T,ar,e = V23
= 25ºC
m/s

Air t = 0.05 mm

Aire:
V= 25 m/s,
L = 0.8 m Stainless steel wall
T,ar,s = 37.8 ºC
•
Di = 0.1 m Metal hydride, E g
Ts = 35 ºC = cte.

Assumptions: Agua:
1. Steady-state,Flujo=1 kg/s,flow conditions.
incompressible
2. Uniform cylinder
T,ag,esurface
= 40temperature.
ºC
3. Negligible heat gain through the ends of the cylinder.
4. Uniform metal hydride temperature.
5. Negligible contact resistance between the canister wall and the metal hydride.
 energy (or enthalpy) advection integrated over the cross section, we obtain

dqconv ṁcp[(Tm (8.35)dTm) Tm]

Balance de energía
dqconv ṁcp[(Tm dTm)T ] m

or
Equation dq8.36ṁcmay be cast in a convenient form by expressi
or dT conv p(8.36)
m
heat transfer to the differential element as dqconv qs P dx, where
(P D for a circular tube). Substituting
dqconv = q"s P dx
dq from
ṁc dT Equation 8.27, it fo
conv p m
m• Tm Tm + dTm

dTm q s P P h(T
dx s Tm)
dx volume forṁc
x
0
Inlet, i
dqconv = q"sFP dx 8.6 Control
L
Outlet, o
flow in a tube.
I GURE internal
p ṁcp

This expression is an extremely useful result, from which the axi

determined.
m• If TTms Tm, heat
Tm +isdTtransferred
m
to the fluid and Tm inc
the opposite is true.
The manner in which quantities on the right-hand side of E
should be noted. Although P may vary with x, most commonly
 conv we obtain p m m m
Tm(x), Equation 8.40, at x
energy (or enthalpy) advection integrated over the cross section,
L.
Balance de energía
dqconv ṁcp[(Tm dTm) Tm] (8.35)
oror
Equation 8.36 dq
may
ṁc dT
be cast in a convenient
conv (8.36)
p
form by expressing
m

dqconv
dqconv as ṁc
heat transfer to the differential element pdTm qs P dx, where P i
(P D for a circular tube). Substituting
dqconv = q"s P dx from Equation 8.27, it follo
𝑞′′𝑠 = h ∗ 𝑇𝑠 − 𝑇𝑚
8.3.3 Constant Surface Temperature
m• Tm Tm + dTm

dqconv
Results for the total = q"
heat s P dx dT
transfer rate
m and q s Pthe axial P distribution of the m
x
entirely dx
different for the constant surface temperature h(Ts condition.
Tm) Defi
8.6dx
0
i
L F
ṁc
I GURE
p ṁc
Control volume for internal
p
Inlet,
Equation 8.37 may beo expressed flow in a tube.
Outlet,
as

m•
This expression isTan Tm +dT
m extremely dTmm
useful d( T ) fromP which the axial
result, h T
dx
determined. If Ts Tm, heat is transferred dxto the ṁc
fluid
p and Tm increa
the opposite is true.
Separating variables and
xThe manner in whichdxintegrating
quantitiesfrom
on the
the tube inlet to the
right-hand sideoutlet,
of Equ
0should be noted. Although P may varyL with x, mostFcommonly I GURE 8.6 itC i
urbulent flopromedio
w in a desmooth
las temperaturas circular
medias en la admi- tube, the
suelen evaluarse a la temperatura del fluido promediada entre entrada y sali-
da, la cual es el aritmético
Correlación:
Dittus–Boelter equation [16]: 2
*
sión y la salida; es decir, T (T T )/2.
m the
9 PM Page 545 b i e

Flujos laminar y turbulento en tubos

s.ir El flujo en un tubo puede ser laminar o turbulento, dependiendo de las condi-
n
Nu 0.023 Re Pr
ciones del mismo. El flujo de fluidos sigue4/5 líneas de corriente y, como conse-
cuencia,
8.5 Convection
D
es laminar a velocidades
Correlations: Turbulent Flowbajas,
D
pero
in Circular se vuelve turbulento545
Tubes
se incrementa la velocidad más allá de un valor crítico. La transición de flujo
conforme

laminar
where n a0.4turbulento
for heating no
(Ts ocurre
Tm) andde0.3manera repentina;
for cooling (Ts Tm).más bien,
These se presenta
equations have so-

cionario.net
bre algún
been intervalo
confirmed de velocidad,
experimentally for the rangedonde el flujo fluctúa entre laminar y turbu-
of conditions
lento antes de volverse por completo turbulento. La mayor parte de los flujos
Pr 160
en tubos que se encuentran en0.6la práctica son turbulentos. El flujo laminar se
ReD 10,000
encuentra cuando fluidos intensamente L 10 viscosos, como los aceites, fluyen en
tubos de diámetro pequeño o D pasos angostos.
practice tomayrefer tosmallEquation 8.60 as TtheT , with
Para el flujo en un tubo circular, el número de Reynolds se define como
The equations be used for to moderate temperature differences, s m
Dittus–
all Boelter equati
properties evaluated at T . For flows characterized by large property
# variations,
# the follow-
y ofingthe form V V
m
equation,
D
prom r prom D r D
due to Sieder and Tate [17], is recommended: m 4m
Re a b (8-5)
n m m r p D /4 mp D
2
0.14
Heating) Nu D 0.027 Re Pr4/5
D
1/3
s (8.61)
Solución:
x, m Tm, ºC 40.5
0 40,0
0,5 39,9
0,8 39,8
1 39,8 40.0
1,5 39,7
2 39,6
2,5 39,4

Temperatura de salida del agua. ºC

3 39,3
39.5
3,5 39,2
4 39,1
4,5 39,0
5 39,0
39.0
5,5 38,9
6 38,8
6,5 38,7
7 38,6
38.5
7,5 38,5
8 38,4
8,5 38,4
9 38,3
9,5 38,2
38.0
10 38,1
10,5 38,1
11 38,0
11,5 37,9 37.5
12 37,8
12,5 37,8
13 37,7
13,5 37,7 37.0
14 37,6 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
14,5 37,5 Longitud, m
15 37,5
Potencia
Se puede calcular de dos formas:

Pot= 𝑚ሶ ∗ 𝐶𝑝 ∗ 𝑇𝑖 − 𝑇𝑜

Segunda forma:

Pot

Pot= ℎത ∗ 𝜋 ∗ 𝐷 ∗ 𝐿 ∗ ∆𝑇𝐿𝑛
Solución:
x, m Tm, ºC Pot, W
40.5
0 40,0 0
0,5 39,9 484
0,8 39,8 769
1 39,8 957
40.0
1,5 39,7 1418
2 39,6 1870
2,5 39,4 2310
3 39,3 2741
39.5

Temperatura de salida del agua. ºC

3,5 39,2 3161
4 39,1 3572
4,5 39,0 3973
5 39,0 4365
5,5 38,9 4748
39.0
6 38,8 5122
6,5 38,7 5487
7 38,6 5844
7,5 38,5 6193 38.5
8 38,4 6533
8,5 38,4 6866
9 38,3 7191
9,5 38,2 7508 38.0
10 38,1 7818
10,5 38,1 8121
11 38,0 8417
11,5 37,9 8706 37.5
12 37,8 8989
12,5 37,8 9264
13 37,7 9534
13,5 37,7 9797 37.0
14 37,6 10054 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
14,5 37,5 10305 Longitud, m
15 37,5 10551
 pitch of the array.
CH007.qxd 2/24/11 1:51 PM Page 491
3- Conociendo que H= 2S, W= L, S=0,20 m, t=0,01m, Velocidad en ambos casos es 6 m/s,
7.7.2 Convection Heat and Mass Transfer
Too (Temperatura ambiente)= 300 ºC y To =25ºC para ambos casos. Encuentre el valor del
coeficiente deresults
In the transferencia
www.FluidMechanics.ir
that follow, it isde calorthat
presumed ( hthe) gas
enjetfunción de W
exits its nozzle L para ambos casos.
withóa uniform
velocity Ve, temperature Te, and species concentration CA,e. Thermal and compositional
equilibrium with the ambient are presumed (Te T , CA,e CA, ), while convection heat
AProblems
and/or mass transfer may occur B
at an impingement surface of uniform temperature and/or 491

(a) Calculate the average convection coefficient for the L

tt
W x To
Nozzle plate first, third, and tenth
S window panels when the wind
speed is 5 m/s. Use a film temperature of 300 K to Ti
T¥
evaluate the thermophysical properties required of W
H
the correlation. Would this be a suitable value of the u¥ Air
film temperature for ambient air temperatures in the
range 15 T 38 C? z y
Aluminum alloy
Nozzle (b) For the first, third, and tenth windows,x L on one Turbulence
2024-T6 promoter
graph, plot the variation of the average convection d
coefficient with wind speed for the range V
5 u 100 km/h. Explain the major features of FIGURE 7.17 Surface impingement of
Secondary stagnation zone your result in terms of the velocity, thickness, and
an array of slot jets.
each curve and their relative magnitudes. properties of the sheet (V, , , c ), the local con-
p
7.26 Consider a rectangular fin that is used to cool a motor- vection coefficient
L hx associated with the counter
W fin is 0.15 m long and at a tempera-
cycle engine. The flow, and the air temperature. For a known temper-
ture of 250 C, while the motorcycle is moving at ature of the sheet (Ti) at the onset of cooling and a
80 km/h in air at 27 C. The air is in parallel flow over negligible effect of the sheet velocity on boundary
both surfaces of the fin, and turbulent flow conditions layer development, solve the equation to obtain an
 wall0.025
4A
tices3000 r 2WA
jet [21]. Additional
in the stagnation r
Re 90,000
maxima
0.125 have been observed and attributed to the formation of vor-
zone, as well as transition to a turbulent wall jet [22].
alidity are H/W maxima
2Secondary 10 in Nu are also associated with the interaction of adjoining wall jets
Caso A
on , Equation
for an
3000 0.025
variations
array [21,
Re
7.75with
H/W to yield
2expected
mayA 23].0.125
90,000
both be
r
However, distributions are two-dimensional, exhibiting, for example,
x andused
y for theforslot A
jetr array0.125, yielding
of Figure 7.17. Variationspredictions
10 maxima at the jet centerline and halfway between adjoining jets, while con-
with x could be
nt ( x , 0,
imation A0.025
Equation l 7.75
rstraint )r may
ofAthe
that
0.125areused
be
exhaust
within
flow tofor
40%
the Ary-direction
0.125,ofwould
measured
yielding values.
acceleration with increasing y
inducepredictions
lot
n pointnozzles
( x 0,(A A
and
rr l
hence W/S),
) athat thewithin
monotonically
are recommended
40% ofNu
increasing with correlation
measured y . However, is with y decrease with
values. variations
ation
y of slot nozzles 7.75
, Equation increasing
(Ar may cross-sectional
W/S),be used for Aarea
the recommended
r
of the outflow
0.125, yieldingand may
correlation isbe neglected if S H W L [21].
predictions
oint ( x 0, Ar l
2/24/11 1:51 PM Page 479
)Average
that are Nusselt
within 40%numbers may be obtained
of measured 2/3 by integrating
values. A partir de estas
local results over thecorrelaciones,
appro- simplemente
f slot nozzlesNu (ANur
priate
W/S),22surface
Athe3/4recommended
2
2 Re
area. The resulting
Re
2/3
correlation is are reported insethedeben
correlations form reemplazar
(7.77) todos los valores que
33 Ar,o AA
r,o
3/4
(7.77)
PrPr
uidMechanics.ir
0.42 0.42
r /A
/A
r r,o r,oA2/3 A Nu
r,o /Arr,o
/Af(Re,
r Pr, A r, H/D h ) son conocidos y se(7.68) obtiene que: 𝑁𝑢=6,27 y
Nu 2 A3/4 2 Re ത
ℎ=13,84
(7.77) Wm -2K
r,o Jets
7.7
3I mpinging
Pr0.42 where Ar /Ar,o Ar,o /Ar 479
1/2 hDh
2
En este caso h no (7.69)
depende de W, dada la
60 4 H 2H 1/22
S 1/2
Nu
Ar,o 2 k (7.78) del flujo que se da de manera
dirección
AA
D tt
60 H 42W D 2 (7.78)
r,o r,o 60 4 2 VeSDh perpendicular a los platos.
(7.78)
D

pertains to conditions for 2Wwhich2W r

the outflow ofRespent gas is restricted to
S (7.70)
Ar = D /4 r
2 2

ns of Figure
rtains 7.17and
to conditionsandDhthe
for Doutflow
which outflow
area is
the nozzle) large enough
Dhspent
orof t gas to Como
satisfy the
(slotisnozzle).
restricted to esta correlación incluye flujo laminar y
require-
ains
W to conditions
L) 7.17
of Figure and the outflow
1. Additional
(round
for which
area is large
restrictions the outflow
2W
of spent
Ar = p D2 /4 S2
are enough to satisfy the require- gas is restricted to
turbulento es válida para el valor de Reynolds
Ar = p D2 /2Ö3 S2 S

outflow
(a) (b)
L) 1. Additional
Figure 7.17 and
Round the
Nozzles
restrictions Havingarea
are is data
assessed large
fromenough
W to
several sources,satisfy
Martin [21]the
calculado, el require-
recommends (c)
cuál thees constante y no
Re 40,000
1500correlation
following for a single round nozzle (A D /4r ) 2 2

L) 1. Additional restrictions
15002 ReH/W40,000 80
are depende de W. r

2 H/Wt 80 Nu H [2 Re1/2(1
0.008 Ar 2.5A G Ar, Re0.55)1/2las
0.005Nota: ] propiedades
(7.71) debían ser calculadas
1500
0.008 Rer,o Pr40,000
Ar 2.5A r,o
0.42 D
a la temperatura de película
x

H/W
S
2
where Ar = W/2 x
(d)
80 W
t Ar = W/S
(e)
 c x L
hL 1
f the trailing edge, (xc /L) 0.95, the surface average coefficients willhbe
lam dx hturb dx
L 0
Caso B
itions in both the laminar and turbulent boundary layers. xc
boundary layer situation (Figure
where 7.3), Equation that
it is assumed 6.14transition
may be occurs
used toabruptly at x x . Substituting from Eq
c
convection heat transfer coefficient
7.23 for
andver the
7.36en entire plate. Integrating
hlam condiciones
forque over
and hturb, respectively,
Se debe calcular Xc para tenemoswe obtain
flujo laminar y turbulento. De la
(0 x xc) and then over the turbulent region (xc x L), this equa-
ecuación para Rexc despejamos xc con las condiciones del ejercicio y se obtiene xc=2,47 m
sed as u 1/2 xc u 4/5 L
h k 0.332 dx 0.0296 dx Pr1/3
Por tanto, debemos
xc usar otra
L correlación
L
Lpara valores de L inferiores a 2,47m ya que1/5el Reynolds
0 x xc x
1/2
1
hL condicioneshlam dx de flujohturb dx
tendría laminar para estos valores de L y por tanto no estaría dentro de los
L
límites de esta
0 correlación. xc
Integrating, we then obtain
d that transition occurs abruptly at x xc. Substituting from Equations
En consecuencia, para valores de L<xc se usa la siguiente correlación
lam and hturb, respectively, we obtain NuL (0.037 Re4/5L A) Pr1/3
k u 1/2 xc
dx u 4/5 L
dx Pr1/3 0.6 Pr 𝑃𝑟60> 0,6
0.332 0.0296
L 0 x1/2 xc x1/5 Rex,c ReL 108
Para valores L>xc se usa la siguiente correlación
n obtain where the bracketed relations indicate the range of applicability and the constant A i
mined by the value of the critical Reynolds number, Rex,c. That is,
NuL (0.037 ReL 4/5
A) Pr1/3
(7.38)
0.6 Pr 60 A 0.037 Re4/5
x,c 0.664 Re1/2
x,c
Rex,c ReL 108
Similarly, the average friction coefficient may be found using the expression
x L
 Caso B

Para L< xc el coeficiente de convección es:

ℎത𝐿 = 9,31𝐿−0,5

Para L > xc el coeficiente de convección es: