Respiratory system

Respiratory organs
human Respiratory system

Breathing
Exchange I Transport

I Disorders
Regulation

1- 2 Ms
 Respiratory organs
•
Diffusion sponges ,
coelenterates ,
flatworms

• Skin Earthworm

• Tracheal system Insects

• Gills Aquatic arthropods ,

molluscs

Terrestrial
•
Lungs forms

Human Respiratory system

External nostrils

nasal chamber

nasopharynx
Through glottis of

LARYNX
Trachea

straight tube
cartilaginous
divides at level sound one

5th Thoracic vertebrae

of

Primary Bronchi

Alveoli secondary Bronchi

Terminal bronchioles
Irregular vascular
rags
• Trachea , I I 2° I 30 bronchi and initial
bronchioles supported by cartilaginous rings .

Part nostrils to initial

•
Conducting Part
:

Bronchioles Alveoli
bronchioles

Exchange : -

LUNGS -

Double Pleura
• 2
lungs covered
by with
pleural fluid between .

• situated in thoracic
cavity which is

anatomically airtight chamber .

Thoracic
• chamber formed of -

* ertebral
Dorsally by Column

ventrally by sternum
Ribs
laterally
lower
by side
.

on
by Diaphragm .

Breathing Mechanism
•
Healthy man breathes : 12-16 times per minute .

Respiratory volumes I capacities

measured spirometer
by
-

NCERT important
 Exchange of Gases

• Alveoli :
Primary site for enchange
•

According to partial pressures of Oz I coz

•
Solubility of Co2 is Lo -
25 times
higher
than Oz in blood .

Respiratory membrane consists of : -

r .
Thin squamous epithelium of alveoli
2 .
Endothelium of alveolar capillaries
3 .

Basement membrane in between

 Transport of Gases

coz Oz
20 -

250/0 :
Carbonino

haemoglobin 97%
onytlb
: as

7090 3% dissolved in
-

:
Hog in :

plasma plasma
solo : dissolved in plasma

Each Hb bind u
onygen
-
•

atoms
womb
Every of
deoxygenated .
sigmoid curve obtaine
blood has 4mL

of CO2
conditions
favouring
.

formation of any
-
Hb -

I .

high poor
2 . low ht
3 . low temp

Every too ml of onygenated

blood deliver Sml
of Oz
 Regulation of Respiration
•
specialised centre : in medulla called
Respiratory rhythm primarily responsible .

• Pneumotanic centre : in frons alter rate

of respiration

• chemosensitive area :
Adjacent to rhythm
centre sensitive to Co2 and ht .

•
Oz : no role in regulation .

Disorders
2 .
Asthma :
wheezing due to inflammation
bronchi
of

chronic
2 .

Emphysema : -
Alveolar walls are

damaged (cigarette smokers)

3
occupational Disorders .

Proliferation of
fibrous
.

tissue
Previous Yrs Impe .