Ydia;%Sh ksnkaOhla ieliSu

i`oud,S WfoaYsld Èidkdhl"

;djld,sl lÓldpd¾h"
md,s fn!oaO wOHhdkdxYh
le<Ksh úYajúoHd,h
Ydia;%fõ§^chj¾Okmqr úYajúod,h&
Ydia;%m;s ^le<Ksh úYajúoHd,h&
ksnkaOkh iïmdokh lsÍug fmr(

 ksnkaOk ud;Dldj úYaf,aIKh lr.ekSu

 tys wjOdrKh flfrkafka ljr úIh mrdihlao@
 tys wkqfldgia fudkjdo@
 msgq fyda jpk ixLHdj
 ndrÈh hq;= Èkh
ksnkaOkhl ndysr wdlD;sh

 uq,a msgqj - uq,a msgqjla ieliSfï§ ie,lsh hq;= lreKq lsysmhls‘

 zksnkaO ud;DldjZ i|yka fldg wjYH kï mska;+r Ndú; lr
.; yels w;r th u;Dldjg wod< úh hq;=h‘
 msgqfjys my< jïmi fl<jfrys Tfí ,shdmÈxÑ wxlh iy
foaYljrhdf.a ku yd úIh ud;Dldj iy fla;h (Unit
Cord)i`oyka l< hq;=h
ksnkaOfha iuia; wdlD;sh

 uq,a msgqj
 mgqk
 ye¢kaùu
 ud;Dld fm< .eiau
 iudf,dapkh
 wdY%s; .%ka: kdudj,sh
ksnkaOhl w;sYh jeo.;au wx. ;=k

 ye¢kaùu
idlÉPdj
 iudf,dapkh
ye¢kaùu

m¾fhaIK ud;Dldfõ jeo.;alu yd ksnkaOh ;=< idlÉPd lsÍug

wfmalaId lrkafka l=uk lreKqo@ úu¾Ykh lsÍug wfmalaIs; .eg¨
ljf¾o@ ta i|yd Ndú;d lrk uQ,dY%h ljf¾o@ Ndú;d lrk
m¾fhaIK l%ufõoh l=ulao@ hkak meyeÈ,s lsÍu wjYH fõ'
idlÉPdj

 ksnkaOfha jeo.;a fukau yrj;a fldgi fuhhs' fuysÈ ;ud

imhd.;a o;a; wdY%fhka wod, m¾fhaIK .eg¨j meyeÈ,s lrkq
,efí' ta hgf;a m%Odk ud;Dldj wkqud;Dldj,g fnod .ksñka
úIh lreKq idlÉPd lrkq ,efí' bÈßm;alrk lreKq ikd: lsÍu
i|yd mdol igyka WoD; Ndú;d lsÍu fuysÈ isÿfõ' fldgiaj,g
fn¥ iEu wkqud;Dldjlau m%Odk ud;Dldj yd iïnkaOúh hq;=h'
tfiau iEu úgu m%Odk .eg¨j b,lallrf.k lreKq idlÉPd
lsÍu wjYHh fõ'
iudf,dapkh

 iudf,dapkh yd ks.ukh hkqfjka woyia lrkqfha idrdxY.; lsÍfï l%u folls'

 ks.ukfha§ fndfyda úg isÿ lrkqfha wod< mßÉfÊo ;=< ix.Dys; l< ldrKdj,
zyrhZ ;=<ska Tn ,ndfok M,h úis;r lsÍuh' m%jdo m%ldYh fyda wruqK ;=<ska ,o
m%;sM,h iïmsKAvkh lsÍuh'
 iudf,dapkh hkq" mßÉfÊo ;=< ldrKd idrdxY.; lsÍuh‘'
 ye¢kaùfï§ ksnkaO wka;¾.;fha§ lsÍug wfmaËd lrk ld¾h ms< ld¾h iïmsKavkh
l< hq;=h'
mdol igyka

 mdol igyka fhdod .; hq;af;a lreKq lsysmhla i|ydh‘

01' ish u;h ;yjqre lsÍu i|yd
02' fmr mej;s u;jdo LKavkh lsÍu i|yd
03' kj u;hla ia:dmkh lsÍu i|yd
04' ksnkaOfhys Ydia;%Sh nj jeä lsÍu i|yd
 fuhg wu;rj ksnkaOh i|yd Ndú; lrk NdIdj j¾Kkd;aul" Wmud rEml iys;
NdIdjla fkdúh hq;= w;r" Ydia;%Sh Ndjfhkao hqla; úh hq;=h'
mdol igyka oelaùu

• fï i|yd j¾;udkfha úYajúoHd,j, Ndú; lrk l%u folls

• mdol igyka oelaùu ^msgq w. igyka l%uh& (Footnotes System/
Chicago Style)
• Wod( wdkkao l=,iQßh " isxy, idys;Hh-1' ^uyr.u(iuka
m%ldYlfhda " 1961& " msg' 72
• f,aLkh ;=<u uQ,dY% ±laùu ^lr;D j¾I l%uh fyj;a ydj¾â
ffY,sh& (Author – date System/Harvard Style)
• Wod-( ^O¾uodi" 1995( 104-107&
 mdo igyka iy wdka;sl igyka hk folu úúO Wmqgd ±laùfï ffY,Ska Ndú;d
lrk úg l%shd;aul lrk fmdÿ f,aLk fuj,ï fõ' m¾fhaIK ud;Dldj iy
wu;r Wmqgd ±laùï ms<sn`o jeäÿr f;dr;=re i`oyd mdGlhd fhduq lsÍu i`oyd
tu`.ska f,aLlhskag tu`.ska meyeÈ,s l%ufõohla imhhs'fuu jpk iuyr úg
tlsfklg fjkia f,i Ndú;d l<o" mdo igyka iy wka; igyka j, m%Odk
fjkialï lsysmhla ;sfí'
 mdo igyka iy wka; igyka w;r jvd;au meyeÈ,sj fmfkk fjki jkafka tajd
ia:dk.; lrk wdldrhhs' mdo igyka msgqjl m;=f,a ^tkï mdolfha&& olakg
,efnk w;r wjika igyka iïmQ¾K f,aLkhl wjidkfha fyda iuyr úg
mßÉfPaohl fyda fldgil wjidkfha msysgd we;'
WoD;

WoD; Ndú;d lrkafka"

úfYaIs; woyila fyda ;¾lhla i|yd

ud;Dldjg wod< jeo.;a uQ,dY%hla fj; wjOdkh fhduqlsÍu
i|yd
Ydia;%Sh úúO;ajh i|yd
wdY%s; .%ka: kdudj,sh

 ksnkaOfha uQ,dY% igyka u.ska

 wod< úIh lafIa;%h lshjd we;s nj

 ,shk ,o foa ms<sn`o j.lSu

 u;jdoh fyda ;¾lh Yla;su;a lsÍu

 ksnkaOkh i|yd wjYH miqìu meyeÈ,s lsÍu

 f,aLk fp!r;ajfhka ñ£u

 ksnkaOh wjidkfha úu¾Ykh l< fmd;m;
ms< hq;=hs'
 ydj¾â ffY,sh wkqj(
Wod-wÈldrï" B' ví,sõ' ^1965& mer‚ ,laÈj fn!oaO b;sydih'
fld<U(cS'fla'cS'chj¾Ok
 Ñldf.da ffY,sh wkqj(
Wod - wÈldrï " B( ví,sõ mer‚ ,laÈj fn!oaO b;sydih fld<U( cS'fla'cS' chj¾Ok"
1965
 ,l=Kq ,nd§fï § wjOdkh fhduq flfrk
lreKq
 ixúOdkd;aul nj ^ye¢kaùu" wka;¾.;h" iudf,dapkh fyda
ks.uk" mdol igyka" wdY%s; .%ka:&
 bÈßm;a lsÍfï yelshdj ^;¾ldkql+,nj" idOkSh nj" ksjerÈ
NdId Ndú;h&
 m%udKd;aul úIh lreKq ^ud;Dldjg wod< úIh lreKq&
f;rejka irKhsæ