TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

Objectives:

A. Define unit INTRODUCTION

circle.
The foundations of trigonometry go back at least three thousand
B. Draw angles in years. The ancient Egyptians, Babylonians, and Greeks developed
standard position.
trigonometry to find the lengths of the sides of triangles and the measure of
C. Determine the their angles. In Egypt, trigonometry was used to reestablish land boundaries
degree and radian after the annual flood of the Nile River. In Babylonia it was used in astronomy.
measure of an The very word trigonometry comes from the Greek words for triangle (trigon)
angle. and measurement (metry). Today trigonometry is used in electronics,
surveying, and other engineering areas, and is necessary for further courses in
D. Convert from
degree measure to mathematics such as calculus.
radian measure
and vice-versa. Over the years, technology has changed the way in which
trigonometry is studied. Where our predecessors were required to use tables
E. Define the six to find values of trigonometric functions, interpolation to obtain more
trigonometric accuracy, and logarithms to perform computations, today we have scientific
functions.
calculators, as well as computers that perform these tasks with the simple
F. Apply the touching of keys.
Pythagorean
Since the early part of the twentieth century, various influential
Identity.
mathematicians strongly recommended the use of functions as the unifying
concept in the presentation of basic mathematics courses. It has been judged
to be a natural and effective guide for the selection and development of
textual material. We see therefore, why the study of trigonometry of the
triangle approaches to the circular function approach. In this lesson, we shall
study trigonometry which deals with the functions of a general real variable.

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UNIT CIRCLE

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DRAW ANGLES IN STANDARD POSITION

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RADIAN MEASURE AND DEGREE MEASURE

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Examples:

 To convert 330⁰ to radians, we have:

𝜋
330⁰ = 330⁰( 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑠)
180⁰
11𝜋
330⁰ = 6

 To convert 30⁰25’ to radians, we first convert 25’ to degrees:

25′ 5 ⁰
Since 1⁰ = 60’, then 25’ = 60′ = (12)
Thus,
5 𝜋
30⁰25’ = (30 12) (1800 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑠)

150 𝜋
30⁰25’ = ( 12 ) (1800 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑠)
150𝜋
30⁰25’ = ( 2160 )
5𝜋
30⁰25’ = 72 radians

5𝜋 180
 To convert to degrees, we multiply it by , thus, we have:
6 𝜋
5𝜋 5𝜋 180
=(6)( )
6 𝜋

5𝜋 900𝜋
= = 150⁰
6 6𝜋

7𝜋 180
 To convert − to degrees, we multiply it by , thus, we have:
2 𝜋
7𝜋 7𝜋 180
− = (− )( )
2 2 𝜋

7𝜋 1260𝜋
− = = -630⁰
2 2𝜋

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SIX TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

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PYTHAGOREAN IDENTITY

Examples:

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