Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Method Statement
Revision Log
Revised
Rev. Revision Description
Page
00 - Issue for Approval
7, 8
01 Appendix 1 Issue for Construction
Appendix 3
7, 8
02 Appendix 1 Issue for Construction
Appendix 3
Table of Contents
1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 5
4. Reference ........................................................................................................................................ 6
8. Reporting ....................................................................................................................................... 19
1. Introduction
Employer has concluded the Contract of Rehabilitation of Berths 1 to 7 in Shuwaikh Port project
with Contractor as Joint Venture of Hyundai Engineering & Construction Co., Ltd. (HDEC) and
Gulf Dredging and General Contracting Co. KSC basis as defined in the Contract.
The purpose of this document is to describe the extent of the methodology for soil investigation.
The soil investigation of the site is an essential preliminary activity for the construction in order
to assess the general suitabilitys of the site and environment for the proposed works and to
determine the changes that may arise in the ground and environmental conditions, either
naturally or as a result of the works, and effect of such changes on the works, on adjacent works,
and on the environment in general.
Prior to the works, soil investigation work is required to determine the soil profile and the
engineering characteristics of the sub- soil in the vicinity of the proposed site.
The Contractor will carry out all necessary field works including the accurate setting out of
borehole locations, the sinking of boreholes by rotary drills or diamond drills from stationary steel
staging, jack up barge or floating barge with self-compensating device to minimize movement
due to wave action, the extraction of high-quality undisturbed samples with thin-walled sampler
and various in-situ tests such as Standard Penetration Test (SPT) and Electrical Cone
Penetration Tests (CPT).
1.3. Definition
Topic Description
2. Reference Documents
Ref. No Description
Document III-02-5600 :
Soil Investigation
Particular Specifications
3. Scope of Work
The intention of this soil investigation is to obtain detailed technical information on the sub-surface
strata to develop recommendations for design of foundations for the proposed facility.
The scope of the soil investigation shall mainly include the following:
Marine drilling
4. Reference
American Standards
British Standards
European Standards
International Standards
5. Soil Investigation
The intention of this soil investigation is to obtain detailed technical information on the sub-
surface strata to develop recommendations for design of foundations for the proposed facility.
32 boreholes and 18 piezocone penetration tests (CPT) are proposed for the project area and
the locations of the proposed tests are shown below with coordinates in the Appendix 1. 2
Borehole CPT
Area Remarks
No. Depth (m) No. Depth (m)
BH-01 CPT-01
~ 30.0 ~ 30.0 or refusal -10.0m CD
BH-10 CPT-06
~ 36.0 ~ 36.0 or refusal -4.0m CD
West BH-14 CPT-10
~
Basin BH-27 CPT-15
-40.0m CD
~ 36.0 ~ 36.0 or refusal
BH-31 CPT-16
Basin
BH-16 36.0
Boreholes are carried out with the use of truck mounted rig will be placed on a drilling platform
specially constructed on the barge.
The drilling platform will be equipped with crane, if required, which can handle drilling pipes.
Suitable size of open center drag and/or rock-roller bits will be used. Borings will be supported
using 6" casings. In hard strata/rock double tube core barrel will be used to retrieve cores.
Insert bits are generally used for boring/coring through soil strata to avoid building up an
internal column, which would interfere with sampling.
Maizer core barrels with sufficient plastic liner (core size 72mm)
All samples are to be stored in a wooden core box and in a shaded area and tested in
laboratory. Transportation of samples to laboratory will be done as soon as each borehole is
completed without any risk of disturbance.
SPT samples shall be preserved in air-tight double plastic bags or clear glass jars. Each
container shall be properly labeled using an indelible marker to show the project number,
boring number, sample number and depth. Shelby tube samplers will be sealed with hot
microcrystalline wax and protected with end caps and placed in the same orientation in which
they were sampled. The collected samples are well packed.
For soil investigation works, two drilling crews are proposed to work in 12-hour shift. Each
drilling crew will consist of three to five men. The crew will include a driller who had previous
experience in marine drilling operations and sampling. All members of the crew will be familiar
with rotary methods of drilling. For soil investigation works, enough crew will be mobilized to
complete the scope of works.
Penetration Equipment
CPT Probe
It is proposed to use 10cm2 CPT(u) probe manufactured and calibrated by Geotech, Sweden.
The cone is equipped with tilt sensor in addition to individual sensors for point resistance,
sleeve friction and pore pressure. A back-up memory providing 18bit resolution for 12h
operation is also integrated in the probe. The back-up memory, which provides additional
safety, allows for saving the entire data of all measured channels during sounding down hole
in the cone.
6. Work Methodology
6.1. Positioning
Positioning of vessel at the test location is usually determined by sea bottom acoustic
transponders. If the vessel’s position is within sight of other fixed objects, electronic distance
measurements will be used for accurate positioning; otherwise by GPS systems. Vessel will be
maneuvered with the help of tugboats etc. Survey data will be used for horizontal control.
In general, rotary drilling with bentonite or suitable drilling mud will be used. Where hard
strata/rock encountered, rotary coring by double-tube core barrel with inner plastic liner will be
used to retrieve cores. Otherwise in soft cohesive soils, thin wall sampling tubes of 4” diameter
with/without liners will be used to sample continuously at specified intervals. Granular soils will
be sampled by SPT samplers and thick wall ring barrel samplers at specified intervals.
An appropriate and suitable drilling technique (Rotary drilling by using rock roller bit, drag bit
or by coring) will be executed according to the encountered soil type. Normal drilling operations
for soil investigations call for use of mud drilling. Mud and cuttings are returned along the
outside of the drill string to the mud circulation tank (close mud circulation system will be
followed). Both salt-water clay and polymer will be used.
Possible additives could include Lime (to increase viscosity) and Sodium hexametaphosphate
to decrease mud viscosity.
The target depths for the borehole drilling will be followed the clause 5.1 Borehole information.
The termination criteria are outlined as below;
Boreholes for quay wall Berths 1 to 7: Min 40m from chart datum (-40m CD).
Boreholes for Western Basin: Min 40m from chart datum (-40m CD).
6.3. Sampling
The frequency and type of sampling to be undertaken within boreholes will depend on the
nature of the ground encountered. Sampling within different types of ground shall be as
detailed below;
Small disturbed samples shall be recovered at seabed level and 2.0m depth intervals
thereafter in all materials during cable percussion, or alternative acceptable methods of
boring, except where large, bulk, open-tube or thin-walled piston samples are specified.
Small disturbed samples shall also be taken at each change of soil type or consistency
and at the location of each borehole shear vane test. Small disturbed samples shall weigh
not less than 0.5kg for cohesive materials and 1.5 kg for granular materials, and shall be
placed immediately in airtight containers which they should sensibly fill.
In very soft, soft and firm cohesive material (including peat), thin-walled piston samples
shall be taken at 2.0m depth intervals starting at a depth of 0.5m below the top of the
stratum, alternating with borehole shear vane tests if needed, as specified below, to give
a thin-walled piston sample or borehole shear vane test every 2.0m depth when measured
from the mid-point of the piston sample. Where there is no recovery from two successive
thin-walled piston samples, the borehole shall be cleaned out. Thereafter, open-tube
samples shall be taken in lieu of the thin-walled piston samples. Where continuous thin-
walled piston samples are required, they shall be attempted at 2.0m intervals of depth and
no in-situ shear vane test will be required.
In stiff, very stiff or hard cohesive material, open-tube samples shall be taken at 2.0m
depth intervals starting at a depth of 0.5m below the top of the stratum, alternating with
SPTs as specified below, to give an open-tube sample or SPT every 2.0m depth. The
inside of the tube shall be clean and smooth without protruding edges or irregularities.
Where there is no recovery from an open-tube sample, the borehole shall be cleaned out
to the base of the sample and a second sample taken from this depth. Where there is no
recovery from two successive open-tube samples, the borehole shall be cleaned out and
a bulk disturbed sample taken over the failed sample lengths. The bulk disturbed sample
shall be adequately sealed against loss of moisture. The specified sampling and testing
regime shall then be recommenced from the base of the hole.
Thin-walled piston and open-tube samples shall be sealed with just-molten wax prior to
final fitting of the end caps. The wax used shall have a melting temperature of no more
than 70°C.
In non-cohesive material, a bulk disturbed sample shall be taken at a depth of 0.5m below
the top of the stratum, bulk disturbed samples being taken at 1.5 m depth intervals
thereafter, alternating with SPTs as specified below, to give a bulk disturbed sample or an
SPT every 2.0m depth. Bulk disturbed samples shall be representative of the zone from
which they have been taken and of sufficient size to enable representative sub-sampling
according to the requirements of BS 1377:1990. Bulk disturbed samples shall weigh at
least 10kg. Large disturbed samples of coarse granular soil shall weigh at least 30kg. Bulk
and large disturbed samples shall be stored in large durable polythene sacks of suitable
size. Where large samples are taken, the material shall be split between sacks to avoid
over-filling, and each sack labeled 1 of 2, 2 of 2, etc.
If the non-cohesive material is cemented sand or, the bulk samples the drilling shall
continue in the cemented sand using rotary core drilling techniques. Extracted samples
using triple tube core barrel shall replace the bulk samples in the previous clause.
The sampling should be done following the standard test procedures in EN ISO 22475-1:2006.
Undisturbed open-tube samples of soil shall be taken using approved steel or aluminum open
tubes of suitable length (usually 450mm) and internal diameter of at least 100mm. Material
recovered from the cutting shoe of the open-tube sampler shall be placed in a plastic airtight
container labeled with the sample location details, depth, date, etc.
Thin-walled piston samples shall be taken using approved new steel or aluminum tubes with
sharp cutting edges. If the tubes are made of steel it has to be stainless steel or coated steel
(galvanized or epoxy) to minimize the corrosion. The tubes shall be of at least 100mm internal
diameter, 900mm in length and maximum area ratio of 10% capable of taking high quality
samples. The cutting edge shall be between 5-10° and the Inside Clearance Ratio, ICR= [(Di-
De)/De]*100%, no more than 1% 0.5%, where Di & De are the inside diameters of the interior
tube and its cutting edge, respectively. Prior to sampling, the piston sampling equipment shall
be inspected and overhauled to ensure that it is capable of functioning correctly, particular
attention being given to the piston packing and locking device. The equipment, including the
piston tubes, shall be of sufficient overall rigidity to prevent excessive deformation of the piston
rods.
Before an open-tube or piston sample is taken in an exploratory hole, all loose material caused
by disturbance arising from the boring process or from in situ testing shall be removed from
the base of the hole. In addition, 0.25m of material shall be removed from the base of the hole
at the start of each shift or after a break in work exceeding one hour.
Following the taking of an open-tube sample or piston sample, and prior to withdrawal of the
sampler, the sampling equipment shall be rotated slowly through two complete revolutions to
shear the soil horizontally at the bottom of the sampler cutting shoe. If necessary, this operation
shall be delayed to allow the development of sufficient adhesion inside the tube. The sampling
equipment shall then be withdrawn smoothly and slowly so as to cause minimal disturbance to
the sample.
Where an attempt to take an open-tube or piston sample has been unsuccessful, the hole shall
Document Name: Method Statement for Soil Investigation
Document No. : KSPO-MS-0001
Rehabilitation of Berth 1 to 7 in Shuwaikh Port
be cleaned out over the full depth to which the sampling tube has penetrated, and the
recovered soil saved as a bulk disturbed sample. A fresh attempt shall then be made from the
level of the base of the unsuccessful attempt. Should this second attempt also prove
unsuccessful, Contractor shall perform a Standard Penetration Test (SPT) at the base of the
second attempt and then continue with the sampling sequence specified for the material
encountered.
Where there is no recovery from two successive thin-walled piston samples, an open-tube
sample with a core catcher shall be taken. Thereafter, in the same stratum and in the same
exploratory hole, open tube samples shall be taken in lieu of the piston samples.
Driller’s records shall include the number of blows required to drive the open-tube sampler and
the total depth driven. If any material has fallen out of the bottom of the tube or has otherwise
been lost, this fact shall be recorded.
Recovered undisturbed samples must be kept in a cool place with constant temperature and
humidity, and must not be subjected to the direct sunlight. The samples must be effectively
protected from frost, vibration, and shocks during transportation and storage, and care must
be taken not to deform the sample tubes. The samples must be embedded in a cushioning
material that shall be placed between, on top of, and beneath the samples, to a minimum
thickness of 50 mm in the transportation containers. Each container should be large enough
to contain 3 or 4 samples. The Soil Investigation Contractor shall detail in his method statement
his ways to keep the extracted samples, and transport them to the Lab, as per this clause.
Recovered open-tube and thin-walled piston samples shall be stored and transported
vertically in their correct orientation in purpose built racks which shall hold the samples
securely. Sample tubes shall be protected from vibration or shock during movement of the
racks by being packed within suitable thicknesses of foam or other impact absorbent material.
6.3.4 Records
Depth of Sampling
Time of Sampling
The depth at which samples are taken is especially important. Therefore, the depth is
measured by the length of the drill string at the time it reaches the sea floor. Sometimes the
sample depths are checked by a depthometer (weighted nylon rope with measuring tape).
The specimens for testing in laboratory are wrapped in thin plastic foil placed in cardboard
containers and sealed with wax if required, which will be of non-shrinking type. Remaining
samples will be put in plastic containers and labeled properly.
Sample tubes will be stored vertically in shaded area or if necessary in an air-conditioned area.
No special precautions are taken to maintain low storage temperatures or high humidity. Shelby
tube samplers will be sealed with end caps and laid in core boxes. All samples will be handled,
treated and labeled carefully.
The granular soils will be sampled by driving a split barrel sampler in accordance with the
Standard Penetration Test (SPT) procedure described in BS 1377 Part-9. The number of blows
required with a 620-N hammer falling 0.76m to drive the sampler the final 0.30m of the 0.45m
penetration is referred as the SPT value.
The penetration will be noted for every 75mm increment in both seating drive (2x75mm) and
test drive (4x75mm). When the number of blows in seating drive reached 25 blows prior to
150mm, the actual penetration will be measured and the test will be proceeded to test drive. If
the blows reach 50 in test drive, the test will be ceased and penetration will be reported.
In general, standard CPT operation procedure will be established as per BS-1377 Part-9. Pre-
drill a hole up to ground water level where applicable.
In case of soft top soils the cone will advance by its own weight for a couple of meters.
Once the cone no longer advance by its own weight, or does not advance at all, apply
minimum pushing force until the cone is securely standing in the soil.
Lower CPT casing tubes (55/39 x1000), if applicable provided with spacers, to a depth
just behind friction reducer of the cone. (CPT casing tubes are used to prevent any
possible buckling of CPT rods).
Continue penetrating (either in two stages or casing and CPT tubes combined).
If applicable, push the casing rods to a depth just above the cone.
Continue CPT testing, again to a secure depth and push the casing behind.
The casing will not be required anymore, when penetration is reached into a substantial
hard layer.
The “stop” criteria for CPT operation will be generally as per site condition and judgment of
CPT operator taking into consideration of one or more of the following factors;
Maximum tilt angle 15 degrees (or) an increase in inclination of >1° per meter.
Maximum pushing force of 10t (<10m depth) and 10~15t (>10m depth).
CPT Interpretation
The CPT interpretation will be done using CPT-Pro 5.51 software developed by Geosoft
(Poland). Graphical presentation of qc,fs and Rf to a suitable scale with soil classification as
per Robertson et al (1986) or (1990) and BS5930 will be provided. If required, the soil
classification can be performed as per Esalami-Fellenius chart. In addition, the parameters will
be provided in digital format (txt file or excel file).
7. Laboratory Test
Soil is a naturally occurring deposit forming part of earth’s crust which consists of assembly of
discrete particles that can be separated by gentle mechanical means together with variable
amounts water and air. In geotechnical sense, soil can be regarded as an engineering material.
The physical characteristics of soil can be determined by experiment and their application of
methods of analysis enables these properties to be used to predict their likely behavior under
defined conditions.
The physical properties of soils are usually determined by conducting tests of samples of soil in a
laboratory. These tests can be divided into two main categories of classification tests which include
Sieving, Atterberg’s limits and etc. indicated the general type of soil and the tests for the
assessment of engineering properties such as shear strength (using lab. vane, fall cone, Triaxial
test and direct simple shear test) and consolidation characteristics (using Oedometer).
Quantify the engineering properties in numerical terms, which can be used for analysis,
The laboratory tests are performed according to the British Standard Specifications BS 1377 (Part
1 to 9, 1990) of British Standard Methods of Tests for Soils for Civil Engineering Purpose wherever
relevant.
Specific gravity
Moisture content
Atterberg limit
Hydrometer analysis
Triaxial –CU
Specific gravity
Moisture content
8. Reporting
The Contractor shall submit a factual report of the investigation in both paper hardcopy and digital
formats. The report have a cover page showing the name of the Project and the Contractor. Report
pages shall be numbered consecutively.
A description of the work carried out, including reference to the specifications and Standards
adopted and any deviations from them
In situ test records, grouped together by test type and presented in order of exploratory hole
and depth
Laboratory test results, presented in order by test, exploratory hole number and depth
Site location plan and exploratory borehole location plans showing the as-built locations of the
exploratory holes. The plans shall be to a stated scale and shall include a north direction arrow.
A scanned copy of the report, including photographs, shall also be provided in Portable
Document format (.pdf).
9. Digital Data
Data from the investigation, including as applicable, exploratory borehole records, in situ test
results, CPTs and laboratory testing and environmental test results shall be additionally provided
in digital format compatible with the latest edition of the UK Association of Geotechnical Specialists
(AGS) publication Electronic Transfer of Geotechnical and Geo-environmental Data.
The definitive reference copy of the data shall be the records in paper hardcopy format included
in the final factual report.
A scanned copy of the report, including photographs, shall also be provided in Portable Document
format (.pdf).
The Contractor is committed to ensuring safe working conditions in both the field and office
environments. Safety awareness is promoted so that hazards are identified and accidents and
injuries avoided. Whilst personnel will be expected to wear the appropriate personnel protective
equipment, typically comprising overalls, work-boots, gloves, eye protection, hard hats and life
vests. These requirements will vary with the task in hand.
A project safety plan is prepared, the purpose of which is to define the safety responsibilities,
reporting systems and safety procedures that are to be used throughout the works. It is mandatory
that all personnel are aware of this document and clearly understand its contents. Individuals are
responsible for ensuring that they understand their role and their actions and responsibilities in the
event of an emergency.
The safety guidelines will be followed and addressed to all personnel involved in drilling works and
field tests;
The construction engineer will be responsible for implementation of quality control at the site
ensuring that the site activities are executed in accordance with the specification requirement and
work plan.
QA/QC procedure shall be utilized for monitoring of quality control at site. QA manage will carry
out surveillance check and maintain original copies of all records.
12. Appendices
Appendix 1
2
Locations of Boreholes/ CPT with
Coordinates
Appendix 2
Manpower & Equipment
Manpower Equipment
Remarks
Description Nos Description Nos
Tug Boat 1
Appendix 3
2
Laboratory Test Schedule
1 0.0 ~ 1.0
▪Unconsolidated Undrained Test (UU)
2 1.0 ~ 2.0 ▪Moisture content
▪Unit weight
3 2.0 ~ 3.0 SPT SPT SPT SPT
▪Particle density
4 3.0 ~ 4.0 ▪Particle size distribution
▪Hydrometer analysis & Atterberg limit
5 4.0 ~ 5.0 SPT SPT SPT SPT SPT SPT SPT SPT SPT SPT
6 5.0 ~ 6.0
▪Consolidated Undrained Tests (CU)
7 6.0 ~ 7.0 SPT SPT SPT SPT SPT SPT SPT SPT SPT SPT ▪Moisture content
▪Unit weight
8 7.0 ~ 8.0
▪Particle density
9 8.0 ~ 9.0 SPT SPT SPT SPT SPT SPT SPT SPT SPT SPT ▪Particle size distribution
▪Hydrometer analysis & Atterberg limit
10 9.0 ~ 10.0 SPT only SPT only SPT only SPT only SPT only SPT only
SPT only SPT only SPT only SPT only
11 10.0 ~ 11.0 SPT SPT SPT SPT SPT SPT
▪Consolidation Test
12 11.0 ~ 12.0 ▪Moisture content
▪Unit weight
13 12.0 ~ 13.0 SPT SPT SPT SPT SPT SPT
▪Particle density
14 13.0 ~ 14.0 ▪Particle size distribution
▪Hydrometer analysis & Atterberg limit
15 14.0 ~ 15.0 SPT only SPT only SPT only SPT only
16 15.0 ~ 16.0
▪Moisture content
17 16.0 ~ 18.0
SPT only SPT only SPT only SPT only SPT only SPT only ▪Unit weight
18 18.0 ~ 20.0 ▪Particle density
▪Particle size distribution
21 20.0 ~ 30.0
▪Hydrometer analysis & Atterberg limit
22 30.0 ~ 36.0 - - - - - - - - - -