GP2 - Q3 - Week 3

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General Physics 2 – Grade 12 (STEM)

Learning Activity Sheets
Quarter 3 – Week 3: Electric Potential
First Edition, 2021
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Development Team of the Learners’ Activity Sheets
Writer: Marvin T. Tejano

Editors: Edna E. Trinidad
Relyn D. Raza
Glen B. Pacot
AJ Pelegro
Ace Michael B. Magalso
Shekaina Faith C. Lozada
AR A. Ranesis
Management Team:
Josita B. Carmen, Schools Division Superintendent
Jasmin R. Lacuna, Asst. Schools Division Superintendent
Celsa A. Casa, CID Chief
Bryan L. Arreo, LR Manager
Edna E. Trinidad, Science Education Program Supervisor
1
Author: Marvin T. Tejano
School/Station: Tagbina National High School
Division: Surigao del Sur Division
email address: marvin.tejano@deped.gov.ph
WEEKLY LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS
General Physics 2 – Grade 12, Quarter 3, Week 3
ELECTRIC POTENTIAL
Learning Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the learners will be able to:
1. relate the electric potential with work, potential energy, and electric field
(STEM_GP12EM-IIIb-15);
2. determine the electric potential with work, potential energy, and electric field
(STEM_GP12EM-IIIb-17);
3. infer the direction and strength of electric field vector, nature of the electric field sources,
and electrostatic potential surfaces given the equipotential lines (STEM_GP12EM-IIIc-18);
4. calculate the electric field in the region given a mathematical function describing its
potential in a region of space (STEM_GP12EM-IIIc-20); and
5. solve problems involving electric potential energy and electric potentials in contexts such
as, but not limited to, electron guns in CRT TV picture tubes and Van de Graaff
generators (STEM_GP12EM-IIIc-22).
Time Allotment: 4 Hours
Key Concepts
• Electric potential energy is the energy stored in a

uniform electric field which can be used to move
the charges present in the field (by exerting force).
• The work done by 𝑭 ⃗ can always be expressed in
terms of potential energy if the force is
conservative. The work done by conservative
force is given by:
𝑾𝒂→𝒃 = 𝑼𝒂 − 𝑼𝒃 = −(𝑼𝒃 − 𝑼𝒂 ) = −𝚫𝑼
That equation is justified more on Figure 1. It is

shown there that when 𝑊𝑎→𝑏 is positive, Ua is
negative, and the potential energy decreases.
• The change in kinetic energy Δ𝐾 = 𝐾𝑏 − 𝐾𝑎 during a
displacement is equal to the total work done on the
Fig. 1. The work done on a baseball moving in
particle according to the work-energy theorem. If a uniform gravitational field.
Source: “Sears and Zemansky’s University Physics with
only conservative forces do work, then the Modern Physics”, 13th edition
equation above gives the total work, and Source:
𝑲𝒃 + 𝑼𝒂 = 𝑲𝒃 + 𝑼𝒃 “Sears
• The concept of electric potential energy in uniform field is best shown in the Fig. and 2. In the
figure, a pair of charged parallel metal plates sets up a uniform, downward electric field Zemansky’
s
with magnitude 𝑬. The field exerts a downward force with magnitude 𝑭 = 𝒒𝟎 𝑬 on a positive
University
test charge 𝒒𝟎 . As the charge moves downward a distance 𝒅 from point a to b, thePhysics force on
the test charge is constant and independent of its location. So the work done by the
with
electric field or the force is the product of the force magnitude and the component Modern of
Physics”
12th
1
Author: Marvin T. Tejano edition.
displacement in the (downward) direction of the force:
𝑾𝒂→𝒃 = 𝑭𝒅 = 𝒒𝟎 𝑬𝒅
hence giving us
⃗𝑭 = 𝒒𝟎 𝑬
This work is positive since the force is in the same
direction as the net displacement of the test charge.
With this situation therefore, the Potential Energy
(which depends on position) is given by:
𝑼 = 𝒒𝑬𝒚
• From there, equations for electric potential energy of
two-point charges are obtained:
𝒒𝒒
𝑼 = 𝒌 𝟎 or
𝒓
𝟏 𝒒𝒒𝟎
𝑼=
𝟒𝝅𝝐𝟎 𝒓
Fig. 2. The work done on a point
charge moving in a uniform electric
(coulomb’s law for electric potential energy of two-point charges field.
𝟏
𝑞 𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑞0 , where 𝑘 = = 8.988 𝑥 109 𝑁 ⋅ 𝑚2 /𝐶 2 ) Source: “Sears and Zemansky’s University
𝟒𝝅𝝐𝟎 Physics with Modern Physics”, 13th edition.
• For a system of several point charges (like that of Fig. 3),

we have an equation for electric potential energy to be:
𝒒𝟎 𝒒𝟏 𝒒𝟐 𝒒𝟑
𝑼= ( + + + ⋯)
𝟒𝝅𝝐𝟎 𝒓𝟏 𝒓𝟐 𝒓𝟑
𝒒𝟎 𝒒𝒊
𝑼= ∑
𝟒𝝅𝝐𝟎 𝒓𝒊
𝒊
• The total potential energy of the system is given by the
equation:
𝟏 𝒒𝒊 𝒒𝒋
𝑼= ∑
𝟒𝝅𝝐𝟎 𝒓𝒊𝒋 Fig. 3. The potential energy
𝒊<𝒋 associated with a charge q0 at point
• Electric potential, often called simply potential is a depends on the other charges q1,
potential energy per unit charge. q2, and q3 and on their distances r1,
r2, and r3 from point a.
• Potential V at any point in an electric field is defined as Source: “Sears and Zemansky’s University
Physics with Modern Physics”, 13th edition
potential energy U per unit charge associated with a test
charge 𝒒𝟎 at that point:
𝑼
𝑽= 𝒐𝒓 𝑼 = 𝒒𝟎 𝑽
𝒒𝟎
• Both the potential energy and charge are scalar
quantities. The SI unit of potential, called Volt (1 V) in
honor of the Italian electrical experimenter Alessandro
Volta (1745-1827), is equal to 1 joule per coulomb (1
J/C):
𝐽 𝑗𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑒
1 𝑉 = 1 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡 = 1 = 1
𝐶 𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑜𝑚𝑏
• The difference 𝑽𝒂 − 𝑽𝒃 is called the potential of a with
respect to b, which is sometimes abbreviated as 𝑽𝒂𝒃 ; Fig. 4. The voltage of this battery
equals the difference in potential
𝑽𝒂𝒃 = 𝑽𝒂 − 𝑽𝒃 . In electric circuits, the potential 𝑉𝑎𝑏 = 𝑉𝑎 − 𝑉𝑏 between its positive
difference between two points is often called voltage (Fig. terminal (point a) and its negative
terminal (point b).
4). Source: “Sears and Zemansky’s University
2
• An instrument that measures the difference of potential between two points is called a
voltmeter. Voltmeters that can measure a potential difference of 1 𝜇𝑉 are common, and
sensitivities down to 10−12 𝑉 can be attained.
• To find the potential V due to point charge q, we have
𝑼 𝟏 𝒒
𝑽= =
𝒒𝟎 𝟒𝝅𝝐𝟎 𝒓
where r is the distance from the point charge q to the point at which the potential is
evaluated.
• To find the potential due to a collection of point charges, we have
𝑼 𝟏 𝒒𝒊
𝑽= = ∑
𝒒𝟎 𝟒𝝅𝝐𝟎 𝒓𝒊
𝒊
where, in this expression, 𝑟𝑖 is the distance from th 𝑖th charge, 𝑞𝑖 , to the point at which V
is evaluated.
• To find the electric potential from Electric field, we use equation:
𝒃
𝑽𝒂𝒃 = ∫ ⃗𝑬 ⋅ 𝒅𝒍
𝒂
In this expression, ⃗𝑬 is the electric field which is equal to force per unit test charge.
• Electron volt is the quantity of energy required for an electron to move through a
potential difference of 1V.
• The magnitude of 𝓮 of the electron can be used to define unit of energy that is useful in
many calculations with atomic and nuclear systems.
• The quantity of energy is defined to be 1 electron volt (1 eV):
𝟏 𝒆𝑽 = 𝟏. 𝟔𝟎𝟐 𝒙 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟗 J
The multiples meV (milli), keV (kilo), MeV (mega), GeV, (Giga) and TeV (tera) are often used.
• Equipotential surface is a three-dimensional surface on which the electric potential V is
the same at every point.
• Field lines and equipotential surfaces are always mutually perpendicular.
• Field lines are curves, and equipotential surfaces are curved surfaces (Fig. 5).
• When all charges are at rest, the surface of a conductor is always an equipotential surface
and all points in the interior of a conductor are at the same potential. When a cavity
within a conductor contains no charge, the entire cavity is an equipotential region and
there is no surface charge anywhere on the surface of the cavity.
Fig. 5. Cross sections of equipotential surfaces and electric field lines for assemblies of point charges.
Source: “Sears and Zemansky’s University Physics with Modern Physics”, 13 th edition
3
Activity 1. Tell me what you think!
Learning Objectives:
1. Relate the electric potential with work, potential energy, and electric field.
2. Determine the electric potential with work, potential energy, and electric field.
3. Infer the direction and strength of electric field vector, nature of the electric field sources,
and electrostatic potential surfaces given the equipotential lines.
Materials needed: ballpen, and scientific calculator (if necessary)
What to do: Provide answers according to what is/are asked in the items below. Limit your
answers in utmost 4 sentences only.
1. From the concepts that you have learned above, how do you think electric potential
relates to: (you may present some equations if necessary)
a. work:
b. potential energy:
c. electric field:
2. In examining Fig. 5, how would you describe the direction and strength of electric field
vector, nature of the electric field sources, and electrostatic potential surfaces given the
equipotential lines, and even the potential differences at:
4
a. a single positive charge (Fig. 5a):
b. an electric dipole (Fig. 5b):
c. at two equal positive charges (Fig. 5b):
RUBRICS
3 2 1 0
The answer is The answer is The answer is No answer.
scientifically explained scientifically explained explained consistent
consistent to the consistent to the to the concepts but
concepts, and concepts, but with with misconceptions.
has no misconceptions. minimal misconceptions.
5
Activity 2. Be my solution!
Learning Objective:
1. calculate the electric field in the region given a mathematical function describing its
potential in a region of space; and
2. solve problems involving electric potential energy and
electric potentials in contexts such as, but not limited to,
electron guns in CRT TV picture tubes and Van de Graaff
generators.
Materials needed: ballpen, and scientific calculator
What to do: Read and analyze the problem given. Show your Fig. 6. A collection of point
solutions neatly. charges.
Source: “Sears and Zemansky’s University
Example: Two point charges 𝑞1 = +2.40 𝑛𝐶 and 𝑞2 = −6.50 𝑛𝐶
are 0.100 𝑚 apart. Point 𝐴 is midway between them; point 𝐵 is 0.080 𝑚 form 𝑞1 and 0.060 𝑚 from 𝑞2
(Fig. 6). Take the electric potential to be zero at infinity. Find:
(a) the potential at point 𝐴;

(b) the potential at point 𝐵;
In this problem, to find the potential difference at point A and B, we will use the equation in
finding the potential due to a collection of point charges which is
𝑼 𝟏 𝒒𝒊
𝑽= = ∑
𝒒𝟎 𝟒𝝅𝝐𝟎 𝒓𝒊
𝒊
1 𝑞
(a) 𝑉𝐴 = ∑ 𝑖
4𝜋𝜖0 𝑖 𝑟𝑖
1 𝑞1 𝑞2
𝑉𝐴 = ( + )
4𝜋𝜖0 𝑟𝐴1 𝑟𝐴2
+2.40 𝑥 10−9 𝐶 −6.50 𝑥 10−9 𝐶
𝑉𝐴 = (8.988 𝑥 109 𝑁 ⋅ 𝑚2 /𝐶 2 )( + )
0.050 𝑚 0.050 𝑚
𝑽𝑨 = −𝟕𝟑𝟕 𝑽
1 𝑞
(b) 𝑉𝐵 = ∑ 𝑖
4𝜋𝜖0 𝑖 𝑟𝑖
1 𝑞1 𝑞2
𝑉𝐵 = ( + )
4𝜋𝜖0 𝑟𝐵1 𝑟𝐵2
+2.40 𝑥 10−9 𝐶 −6.50 𝑥 10−9 𝐶
𝑉𝐴 = (8.988 𝑥 109 𝑁⋅ 𝑚2 /𝐶 2 )( + )
0.080 𝑚 0.060 𝑚
𝑽𝑨 = −𝟕𝟎𝟒 𝑽
1. Two point charges are located on the x-axis, 𝑞1 = −ℯ at 𝑥 = 0 and 𝑞2 = +ℯ at 𝑥 = 𝑎.

(a.) Find the work that must be done by an external force to bring point charge 𝑞3 = +ℯ
from infinity to 𝑥 = 2𝑎. [Hint: The work W equals the difference between (i) the potential
energy U associated with q3 when it is at x = 2a and (ii) the potential energy when it is
6
infinitely far away. The second of these is zero, so the work required is equal to U.]
(b.) Find the total potential energy of the system of three charges.
Solution: Fig. 7. A sketch of the situation after the third charge has been
brought in from infinity.
2. A proton (charge +ℯ = 1.602 𝑥 10−19 C) moves a distance 𝑑 = 0.50 𝑚 in a straight line

between points a and b in a linear accelerator. The electric field is uniform along this line,
𝑉 𝑁
with magnitude 𝐸 = 1.5 𝑥 107 = 1.5 𝑥 107 in the direction from a to b. Determine:
𝑚 𝐶
(a.) the force on the proton;
Solution:
(b.) the work done on it by the field;

Solution:
7
(c.) The potential difference 𝑉𝑎 − 𝑉𝑏 .
Solution
3. An electric dipole consists of point charges 𝑞1 =

+12 𝑛𝐶 and 𝑞2 = −12𝑛𝐶 placed 10.0 cm apart
(Fig. 8). Compute the electric potentials at point
a, b, and c.
Solution:
Fig. 8. Electric Dipole

Source: “Sears and Zemansky’s University Physics with
Modern Physics”, 13th edition
8
4. A particle with a charge of +4.20 𝑛𝐶 is in a uniform electric field ⃗𝑬 directed to the left. It is
released from rest and moves to the left; after it has moved 6.00 cm, its kinetic energy is
found to be +1.50 𝑥 10−6 𝐽.
(a) What work was done by the force?
(b) What is the potential of the starting point with respect to the endpoint?
⃗?
(c) What is the magnitude of 𝑬
9
Reflection
Every time you turn on a light, listen to an MP3 player, or talk in a mobile phone, you are
using electrical energy, an indispensable ingredient of our technological society. All these are
energy associated with electrical interactions specifically electric potential. What do you think
our life would be without these? Write your five-sentence answer in a separate sheet of paper.
RUBRICS
5 4 3 2 0
Practical Practical Practical Practical No
application is application is application is applications are discussion at
scientifically scientifically explained explained all.
explained explained consistent to the consistent to the
consistent to the consistent to the concepts but with concepts but with
concepts, and concepts, but one or two more than two
has no with minimal misconceptions. misconceptions.
misconceptions. misconceptions.
References
Young, Hugh D., Roger A. Freedman, A. Lewis Ford, and Hugh D. Young. Sears and
Zemansky's University Physics. 13th ed. Boston, MA: Pearson Learning Solutions,
2012.
Glancolli, Douglas. Physics Principles and Applications 6th ed. New Jersey: Pearson
Education, Inc. 2005.
“Khan Academy”
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/high-school-physics/dc-circuits/electric-
current-resistivity-and-ohms-law/a/voltage-and-ohms-law-ap1
Accessed on January 20, 2021
Answer Key
𝑑 ȁ𝑞ȁ𝑑
(𝑐)𝐸ȁ𝑞ȁ𝑑 = 𝑊𝑎→𝑏, 𝑠𝑜 𝐸 = 𝑎→𝑏 = 𝑎 𝑏 = 5.95 𝑥 103 𝑉/𝑚
𝑊 𝑉 −𝑉
𝑎 𝑏 𝑎𝑏
𝑞
(𝑏) 𝑉 − 𝑉 = 𝑉 = = 357 𝑉
𝑊𝑎→𝑏
4. (𝑎) 𝑊𝑎→𝑏 = 𝐾𝑏 − 𝐾𝑎 = 1.5 𝑥 10−6 𝐽
3. 𝑉𝑎 = −900 𝑉
𝑉𝑎 − 𝑉𝑏 = 7.5 𝑥 106 𝑉 = 7.5 𝑀𝑉
𝑊𝑎→𝑏 = 7.5 𝑥 106 𝑒𝑉 = 7.5 𝑀𝑒𝑉
2. 𝐹 = 2.4 𝑥 10−12 𝑁
8𝜋𝜖0 𝑎
(b) 𝑈 =
−ℯ 2
8𝜋𝜖0 𝑎
1. (a) 𝑊 =
+ℯ 2
Activity 2
explain the concepts.)

(The answers to this activity may vary as to how the students
Activity 1
10

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COPYRIGHT PAGE FOR UNIFIED LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS

General Physics 2 – Grade 12 (STEM)

First Edition, 2021

Development Team of the Learners’ Activity Sheets

Writer: Marvin T. Tejano

At the end of the lesson, the learners will be able to:

Time Allotment: 4 Hours

• Electric potential energy is the energy stored in a

That equation is justified more on Figure 1. It is

• For a system of several point charges (like that of Fig. 3),

Materials needed: ballpen, and scientific calculator (if necessary)

b. an electric dipole (Fig. 5b):

c. at two equal positive charges (Fig. 5b):

Materials needed: ballpen, and scientific calculator

(a) the potential at point 𝐴;

1. Two point charges are located on the x-axis, 𝑞1 = −ℯ at 𝑥 = 0 and 𝑞2 = +ℯ at 𝑥 = 𝑎.

2. A proton (charge +ℯ = 1.602 𝑥 10−19 C) moves a distance 𝑑 = 0.50 𝑚 in a straight line

(b.) the work done on it by the field;

3. An electric dipole consists of point charges 𝑞1 =

Fig. 8. Electric Dipole

explain the concepts.)

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