Mathematics Material 2023-2024: KKP / Myp Centre

` KKP / MYP CE NTRE
MATHEMATICS MATERIAL
2023-2024
S.NO. TOPIC PAGE NO.
1. NUMBER SYSTEM 1 TO 5
2. SETS & RELATIONS 7 TO 18
3. PROGRESSIONS 19 TO 38
4. LOGARITHMS 39 TO 53
5. QUADRATIC EQUATIONS 54 TO 60
6. MODULUS, STEP, FRACTIONAL 61 TO 69
KUKATPALLY CENTRE: # 22-97, Plot No.1, Opp. Patel Kunta Huda Park, Vijaynagar Colony, Hyderabad - 500 072. Ph.: 040-64601123
MIYAPUR CENTRE: Above Sai Motors Maruthi Showroom, Allwyn X Road, Miyapur, Hyderabad.
NUMBER SYSTEM
DAY–1 & 2
The Set of Natural Numbers

Numbers, which are used in counting are called natural numbers or positive integers. The
set of natural numbers are denoted by  .
   1, 2, 3, 4,.........
The Set of Whole Numbers

The set of natural numbers along with number ‘0’ (zero) is called whole numbers. The set of
whole numbers are denoted by W .
 W  0,1, 2,3,......
The Set of Integers
The set of natural numbers, their negatives and along with zero are considered as integers
denoted by  .
   ....., 3, 2, 1,0,1,2,3,.....
The Set of Rational Numbers
p
The numbers of the form , where p and q are integers and q  0 form the set of rational
q
numbers denoted by 
 p 

    / p , q   , q  0

 q 


2 5 17 0
Examples: , , , etc.
5 9 6 3
Note: The rational numbers are either terminating or recurring decimals
21
Ex:  5.25 is terminating decimal
4
40
 13.333......, recurring decimal
3
The Set of Irrational Numbers
p
There are numbers, which cannot be expressed in the form , where p , q are integers. They
q
are called irrational numbers and are denoted by Q ' or Qc
Examples:
1. 2.323323332333……..
2. 1234.5678910111213……
3. 2 , 3, e ,  etc
2 NUMBER SYSTEM
The Set of Real Numbers

The set of rational numbers together with the set of irrational numbers is called the set of
real numbers denoted by  .
Real Number line
A real number line is an ordinary geometric straight line whose points have been identified
with set  of real number.
2  3 1 0 1 2 2
Here to every real number there corresponds a point on the line and conversely, for every
point on the line there corresponds a real number.
Even And Odd Number
Every integer which is exactly divisible by ‘2’ is called even number otherwise it is called
odd number.
Every even number is of the form 2n , n is an integer and odd number is of the form
2 n  1 , n is an integer.
Prime And Composite Numbers
A natural number which has exactly two factors (1 and itself) is called prime number. A
natural number which has three or more factors is called a composite number.
Ex: 1. 2, 3, 5,7, 11,13,....... are prime numbers
2. 4,6,8,9,12,15,..... are composite numbers
3. 1 is neither prime nor composite
Co-prime Numbers
Two natural numbers are said to be co-prime if they don’t have any common factor expect 1.
Ex: 8, 15 are co-prime.
Intervals
If we wish to consider all the real numbers between a and b (with or without including
one or both the points a and b ) then such sets are called intervals.
Open interval (a, b): If a and b are real numbers with a  b , we denote by  a , b the set of all real
numbers between a and b excluding a and b
  a, b  x / x   , a  x  b
Closed interval [a, b]: If a and b are real numbers with a  b , we denote by  a , b  the set of all real
numbers between a and b including a and b
  a, b  x / x   , a  x  b
Half open intervals: The interval ( a, b ] , which is open at ' a ' and closed at ' b ' is called half open
interval and denotes all real numbers such that a  x  b similarly [ a, b ) denotes all real numbers
x such that a  x  b
NUMBER SYSTEM 3
Other intervals are
 a,   x / x   , x  a
, b  x / x   , x  b
[ a, )  x / x   , x  a
(, b ]  { x / x   , x  b
The set of all real numbers can be denoted by , 

Inequality
If a  b then, ac  bc if c  0 , ac  bc if c  0 , ac  bc if c = 0
EXERCISE
BASIC LEVEL QUESTIONS
1. The value of x satisfying the equation 3x  7  5

(A) 4,  (B) 7,  (C) 3,  (D)  4, 
2. If 2  x  3 then find the interval in which 2  3x lies.
(A) 7,6 (B) 7,7  (C) 7,8 (D) 7, 9
3. If 3  5  4 x  21 then find the interval in which x lies.
(A) 4, 2 (B) 4, 2 (C) 4, 2  (D) 4, 4
4. If 16  x 2  25 then find the interval in which x lies.

(A) 5, 4    4,5 (B) 5, 4   4, 5 (C)  (D) All real numbers
1
5. If x  2, 5 then find the interval in which lies
x
 1 1  1   1  1 1 
(A)  ,  (B)  ,0 (C) 0,  (D) ,     , 
 2 5  2   5  2 5 
6. If x  6, 3 then find the interval in which x 2 lies.

(A)  9, 36  (B)  0,9  (C)  0, 36  (D) 36,9 
1
7. If x  1, 4  then find the interval in which lies
x
1   1 1 
(A)  ,1 (B) 0,  (C)  ,  (D)  1, 
 4   4   4 
8. When the product of four consecutive odd positive integers divided by 4, the set of
remainders are
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 0,1 (D) None of these
9. A 107 digit number is formed by writing first 58 natural numbers next to each other. find
the remainder when number is divided by 8.
(A) 6 (B) 10 (C) 4 (D) 9
4 NUMBER SYSTEM
P
10. form of 1.54 54 54 …….. where P and Q are integers having no common factors.
Q
13 17 17 19
(A) (B) (C) (D)
11 13 11 17
1 1
11. If a real number ' x ' satisfies x   2 then x 50  35  __________
x x
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 85
12. 4  _______
(A) 2 (B) 2 (C) 2 (D) all of A, B, C
13. If x  x  2 x then find the interval in which x lies.
(A)  (A) all real numbers (C)  0,1 (D) 0
1 1
14. If x   5 then x 3  3  ________
x x
(A) 100 (B) 110 (C) 125 (D) none of these
1
15. If x  7, 2  then 
x
 1  1   1 1
(A) ,     ,  (B)  ,  
 2   7   2 7 
 1  1
(C) ,   (D) ,  
 2   7 
MAINS LEVEL QUESTIONS
16. Let P  3 be a prime number. Then which of the following is always FALSE
(A) P  2 is a prime number
(B) P  4 is a prime number
(C) both P  2 and P  4 are prime numbers
(D) neither P  2 nor P  4 are prime numbers
ax  b
17. Suppose ' x ' is an irrational number and a , b , c , d are rational numbers. If is a rational
cx  d
then we must have
(A) a  c  0 (B) a  c , b  d (C) ad  bc (D) a  d  b  c
18. How many possible triplets  a , b , c  such that ab  c , bc  a , ca  b and a , b , c   are
(A) 3 (B) 5 (C) 8 (D) 9
19. The values of x satisfying both the equations x  5  2 x  1 and 2  x  3x  2
(A) 1, 3  (B) 2, 3 (C) 5, 3  (D) 1, 3 
2x  3 1  4x  k
20. If 1 2  , the interval in which x lies is in the form of ,   , the value
4 3 
 2
of k is
(A) 1 (B) 3 (C) 5 (D) 6
NUMBER SYSTEM 5
ADVANCED LEVEL QUESTIONS
 3  1   3  1
2x 2x
21. If  2 3 x then number of solutions of this equation are
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) infinite
22. Value of 12  2 2  32  4 2  .....  99 2  100 2
(A) 5050 (B) 5051 (C) 5050 (D) 5051
23. The smallest natural number for which n n  5 is divisible for every n  
2
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 5 (D) 6

24. If sin   cos ec  2 then sin 100   cos ec 50   __________
(A) 50 (B) 100 (C) 150 (D) 2
25. The positive integers p, q and r are all primes. If p 2  q 2  r then the sum p  q  r is
(A) 7 (B) 10 (C) 5 (D) infinite
ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS
1. When the product of four consecutive odd positive integers divided by 4, the set of
remainders are
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 0,1 (D) None of these
2. Let ABCDEFGHIJ be a 10 digit number where all digits are distinct. Further A  B  C ,
A  B  C  9 , D  E  F  G are odd numbers and H  I  J are even numbers. Then
which of the following is definitely wrong
(A) E  5 (B) G  3 (C) H  6 (D) I  2
3. The number of solutions of the equations a  1  2 b , b  1  2 a are
2 2
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) Infinite

a c
4. If a , b , c , d be real numbers such the b  0, d  0 ,  . Then which of the following is
b d
always TRUE
a ac c a ac c a a c c a ac c
(A)   (B)   (C)   (D)  
b bd d b bd d b bd d b bd d
5. Consider the statements
x   x   y   y  , 0  x  y  1 , for all x , y . Then which of the following is TRUE
(A) if and only if   2 (B) if and only if   2
(C) if and only if   2 (D) if and only if   2
ab cd
6. If  then which of the following is true where a  c
bc da
(A) a  c  b  d (B) ac  bd (C) a  b  c  d  0 (D) None of these
7. Let p , q and s be integers such that p  sq then 2 2
(A) p is even number (B) s divides p
6 NUMBER SYSTEM
(C) q 2 divides p (D) If s divides p then s is perfect square

8. Find the interval of x satisfying the equation  3 x  7  5
9. If  3  5  4 x  21 then find the interval in which x lies.
10. If x x  4x  10 then find the interval in which x lies.
11. If x  2, 5 then find the interval in which x 2 lies
12. If  2  x  3 , the interval in which 2  3x lies is  a , b , the value of a  b is
13. If 16  x 2  25 , the interval in which x lies is in the form of  a , b  c , d , then the value of
a  b  c  d is
ANSWERS & KEY
DAY–1 & 2
1. A 2. C 3. C 4. B 5. D
6. C 7. A 8. A 9. A 10. C
11. C 12. A 13. D 14. B 15. B
16. C 17. C 18. B 19. D 20. C
21. B 22. A 23. D 24. D 25. B
Additional Questions
1. B 2. C 3. D 4. B 5. D
6. C 7. D 8. 4,  9. 4, 2 
10. 2,0 11.  0, 25 12. 1 13. 0
SETS
DAY–3 & 4 (THEORY)
Definition of Set
A well defined collection of objects is called a set.
Examples:
1. The roots of the equation x 2  5x  6  0
2. The English alphabets from a to z
3. The set of natural numbers
In all these collections, we can identify each object precisely and hence they represent sets.
On the other hand, honest people, clever students, handsome boys and so on are relative terms
and it is not possible to identify a particular person belongs to the set or not. Hence, they do not
form sets in the language of mathematics.
Elements of a Set
The objects that belong to a set are called elements or members of the set.
Set notations
The sets are usually denoted by capital letters A , B, C ,...... and their elements by a , b , c ,.......
If a particular element x belong to set A then we write it as x  A . If x and y belongs to
set A , we write it as x , y  A . However, if an element x does not belong to B , we write x  B .
We use curly brackets to enclose the elements of a set. For example
C  {set of all even natural numbers}  2, 4,6,8,.......
= { x / x is even natural number]
The symbol / stands for ‘such that’
Each element in a set is separated by comma
Specifying sets
(i) Roster method or Listing method
In this method, a set is represented by listing all the elements within   . For example
A  a, e , i , o, u
(ii) Set builder method or Rule method
In this method, we state one or more properties of the elements so that we can decide
whether an object belongs or not belongs to the set. For example
B  { x|x is single digit natural number}
Singleton set
The set which contains only one element is called singleton set. For example
D  { x / x is root of x 2  4 x  4  0 }
Empty Set or Null Set
The Set which contains no element is called the empty set. The null set is denoted by  or
  for example E  { x / x is real root of x 2  1  0 } is the null set.
The cardinal number of a set
If a set A contain finite number of elements n , we denote the cardinal number of set by
n A .
8 SETS
In other words, n A stands for number of elements in a finite set A .
For example A  a, e , i , o , u then n A  5
B  { x / x is single digit natural number} then nB  9

The cardinal number of the empty set is zero.
Subset of a set
Two sets A and B are such that, each element of set A is also, an element of set B then A
is called a subset of B , denoted by A  B (read it as A is subset of B )
Thus a set A is a subset of B if x  A  x  B
If A is not a subset of B , we write it as A 
B
Note: For every set, the empty set and the set itself are subsets.
Example:
For A  1,2,3 , the sets   , 1 , 2 , 3 , 1,2 , 2,3 , 1,3 , 1,2,3 are all subsets.
Equality of sets
Two sets A and B are said to be equal if every element of set A is an element of set B and
every element of set B is an element of set A
i.e x  A  x  B
Note: From the above definition we can conclude the following
1. A set does not change if we change the order in which the elements are tabulated
2. A set does not change if one or more elements are repeated.
For example consider
A  1,2, 3, 4 , B  3,1, 4,2,1,3 then by definition A  B
Proper Subset
Consider the set A which is subset of set B . If there is atleast one element of B which is not
in the set A , then A is called proper subset of B and it is denoted by A  B
Set of Sets
A set whose elements are set(s) is called set of sets.
Example:
, 1 , 2 , 2, 3 is set of sets.
Power Set
Let S is any set. Then the family of the all subsets of S is called the power set of S and is
denoted by P S
Let S  1,2,3 , then P S    , 1 , 2 , 3 , 1, 2 , 1, 3 , 2, 3 , 1, 2, 3
Note: If a set S has ' n ' elements then its power set P S has 2 n elements
Universal Set
In any discussion about sets, all the sets under consideration are subsets of a particular set.
Such set is called universal set denoted by U.
SETS 9
The Union of two sets A and B
It is the set consisting of precisely those elements which are belongs to either A or B or both
and is denoted by A  B
 A  B  x / x  A or B or both
Example:
If A  1,2, 3 , B  3, 4,5 then A  B  1,2,3, 4,5
The Intersection of two sets A and B
It is the set of all those elements that belong to both A and B and denoted by A  B
 A  B  x / x  A and B both
Example:
A  1,2,3, 4 , B  2, 4,6,8 then A  B  2, 4
Disjoint Sets
Two sets A and B are said to be disjoint if they don’t have any element in common. In
other words A  B  
Difference of two Sets A and B
The difference of two sets A and B in that order is the set of elements that belong to A but
that not belong to B and is denoted by A  B .
 A  B  x / x  A and x  B
Similarly B  A  x / x  B and x  A
Example:
A  1,2, 3, 4 , B]2,4,6,8 then A  B  1,3 , B  A  6,8
In general A  B  B  A
Complement of Set
The complement of set A is denoted by A ' or Ac or A and is defined as the difference
universal set U and the set A .
Example:
U  N  1,2,3, 4,...... , A  2, 4,6,8,..... then A'  U  A  1,3, 5,7,.......
Symmetric Difference of Sets
The symmetric difference of two sets A and B is denoted by AB and is defined as
 A  B  B  A .
 AB   A  B  B  A   A  B   A  B
AB  x / x  A and x  B or x  A and x  B

Example: A  1, 2, 3, 4 , B  2, 4, 6,8 , then AB  1, 3,6,8
Algebra of Sets: Let A, B and C be any three sets and ‘U’ be the universal set. Then
Idempotent Laws: a) A  A  A , b) A  A  A
Identity Laws: a) A    A , b) A  U  A
Commutative Laws: a) A  B  B  A , b) A  B  B  A
10 SETS
Associative Laws: a)  A  B  C  A  B  C  , b)  A  B  C  A  B  C 
Distributive Laws: a) A  B  C    A  B   A  C  , b) A  B  C    A  B   A  C 
De-Morgan Laws: a)  A  B'  A ' B ' , b)  A  B'  A ' B '
Useful Results:
(i) A  B  A  B ' (ii) B  A  B  A ' (iii) A  B  A  A  B  
(iv)  A  B  B  A  B (v)  A  B  B   (vi) A  B  B '  A '
(vii) A  B  C    A  B   A  C  (viii) A  B  C    A  B   A  C 
(ix) A  B  C    A  B   A  C  (x) A  B  C    A  B   A  C 
Venn Diagrams
Venn diagrams are used to represent sets by circles (or any closed shape) inside a rectangle.
The rectangle represent the universal set and the circle represent the respective set mentioned. The
element of the set are points inside the circle. The Venn diagrams for some sets are as follows.
U U U U
AB AB A–B B–A
A B A B A B A B
A B 
U
A
C
A  B  C  A  B  C  U A
Some important results on number of elements in Sets:
If A, B and C are finite sets and U be the universal set, then
i) n  A  B  n  A  n B  n  A  B
ii) n  A  B  n  A  n  B  A, B are disjoint sets
iii) n  A  B  n  A  n  A  B
iv) n  AB  n  A  n B  2 n  A  B = Number of elements which belongs to exactly one of A or B
v) n  A  B  C   n  A  n  B  n C   n  A  B  n  B  C   nC  A  n  A  B  C 
vi) Number of elements in exactly two of the sets
A, B, C  n  A  B  n B  C   nC  A  3n A  B  C 
vii) Number of elements is exactly one of the sets A, B, C
 n  A  nB  n C   2 n  A  B  2 n B  C   2n C  A  3n  A  B  C 
viii) n  A ' B '  n A  B'  nU   n  A  B
ix) n  A ' B '  n A  B'  nU   n  A  B
x) n  A1  A2  ......  An 
  n  Ai    n  Ai  A j   n  Ai  A j  Ak .......  1
n 1
n  A1  A2  ....  An 
SETS 11
DAY–3 (EXERCISE)
1. If A and B are two sets containing 3 and 6 elements respectively, then the minimum
number of elements in A  B is
(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 6 (D) 12
2. If A and B are two sets containing 4 and 13 elements respectively, then the maximum
number of elements in A  B is
(A) 13 (B) 17 (C) 4 (D) 21
3. A survey shows that 63% of the Americans like football where as 76% like Basket ball. If
x% like both foot ball and basket ball, then
(A) x  63 only (B) x  39 only (C) x  39, 40,....,63 (D) none
4. If 2 N  2 x : x  N  and 3N  3x : x  N  then 2 N  3N =
(A) N (B) 6N (C) 2N (D) 3N
5.  
If X  4 n  3n  1, n  N and Y  9 n  1 , n  N  where N is the set of natural numbers,
then X  Y is
(A) N (B) X (C) Y (D) Y  X
6. Two finite sets have m and n elements. The total number of subsets of the first set is 56 more
than the total number of subsets of second set. The values of m and n are
(A) m  7, n  6 (B) m  6, n  3 (C) m  5, n  1 (D) m  8, n  7
7. Which of the following is empty set?

(A) x : x   and x 2  1  0  
(B) x : x   and x 2  1  0 
(C) x : x   and x 2  9  0 (D) x : x   and x 2  x  2
8. Let sets X and Y are sets of all positive divisors of 400 and 1000 respectively. Then
nX  Y  
(A) 6 (B) 8 (C) 10 (D) 12
9. If X and Y are two sets, then X  X  Y ' equals
(A) X (B) Y (C)  (D) none of these
10. If A   a , b , then P  A 
(A) a , b (B) , a , b , a, b
(C)  , a , b , A (D) none of these
11. The number of elements in the set P P  P   is
(A) 0 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

12. Let S  x / x is an integer between 1 and 1000 (including both) which are neither perfect
square nor perfect cube } Then the number of elements in S are
(A) 959 (B) 960 (C) 961 (D) 962
12 SETS
If A and B are two sets then A   A  B is equal to

C
13.
(A)  (B) A (C) B (D) A  BC

14. In a class of 80 students numbered 1 to 80; all odd numbered students opt for cricket,
students whose numbers are divisible by 5 opt for football and these whose numbers are
divisible by 7 opt for Hockey. The number of students who do not opt any of the three
games is
(A) 13 (B) 24 (C) 28 (D) 52
15. The set  A  B '' B  C  is equal to
(A) A ' B  C (B) A ' B (C) A ' C ' (D) A ' B
16. Let F1 be the set of parallelograms, F2 the set of rectangles, F3 the set of rhombuses, F4 the
set of squares and F5 the set of trapeziums in a plane. Then F1 may be equal to
(A) F2  F3 (B) F3  F4 (C) F2  F5 (D) F2  F3  F4  F1
17. Let S  set of points inside the square, T  the set of points inside the triangle and C  the
set of points inside the circle. If the triangle and circle intersect each other and are contained
in a square. Then
(A) S  T  C   (B) S  T  C  C (C) S  T  C  S (D) S  T  S  C
18. Let R be set of points inside a rectangle of sides a and b  a , b  1 with two sides along the
positive direction of x  axis and y  axis. Then
(A) R  x , y  : 0  x  a , 0  y  b (B) R  x , y  : 0  x  a , 0  y  b
(C) R  x , y  : 0  x  a , 0  y  b (D) R  x , y  : 0  x  a , 0  y  b

19. In a class of 60 students, 25 students play cricket and 20 students play tennis, and 10
students play both the games. Then, the number of students who play neither is
(A) 0 (B) 25 (C) 35 (D) 45
20. In a town of 840 persons, 450 persons read Hindi, 300 read English and 200 read both. Then
the number of persons who read neither is
(A) 210 (B) 290 (C) 180 (D) 260
21. If X  8n  7 n  1 n  N  and Y  49n  49 n  N  . Then
(A) X  Y (B) Y  X (C) X  Y (D) X  Y  

22. If sets A and B are defined as

 

 , B  x , y  y  x , x  R then
1
A
 x , y  y  , 0  x  R


 x 


(A) A  B  A (B) A  B  B (C) A  B   (D) A  B  A
SETS 13
23. If A  1, 3, 5,7, 9,11, 13, 15, 17  , B  2, 4,...,18 and  the set of natural numbers is the
universal set, then A '  A  B  B ' is
(A)  (B)  (C) A (D) B
24. Let S  x x is a positive multiple of 3 less than 100 ,
P  x x is a prime number less than 20 . Then n S  n  P  is
(A) 34 (B) 31 (C) 33 (D) 30
25. If X and Y are two sets and X ' denotes the complement of X, then X  X  Y ' is equal to
(A) X (B) Y (C)  (D) X  Y
DAY–4 (EXERCISE)
1. If A  2, 3, 4, 5, 7 , B  1, 2, 4, 7, 9 then  A  B  B  A  A is equal to

(A) 3, 5 (B) 2, 4 (C) 3, 7 (D) 2, 7
2. If X and Y are two sets such that X  Y  X  Y , then
(A) X  Y , X  Y (B) Y  X , Y  X (C) X  Y (D) None of these
3. If A  x : x  R and satisfy x 2  5x  56  0 , B  x : x  N and x  5  14 ,

C  x : x  N and x /112 then A  B  C  is equal to
(A) 1, 2, 3, 8 (B) 8, 7 (C) 1, 2, 8, 7 (D) 1, 2, 4, 7, 8
4. If A and B are two sets such that n  A  B  36 , n  A  B  16 and n  A  B  15 then n B
is
(A) 21 (B) 31 (C) 20 (D) 52
5. The maximum number of sets obtainable from A and B by applying union and difference
operation is
(A) 5 (B) 6 (C) 7 (D) 8
6. If A  x : x  4n  1, n  5, n  N  and B  3n : n  8, n  N  then A   A  B is
(A) 9,21 (B) 9,12 (C) 6,12 (D) 6,21
7. A and B are two sets such that n( A)  5 and n( B)  10 then
(A) minimum value of n  A  B  5 (B) maximum value of n  A  B  10
(C) minimum value of n  A  B  10 (D) maximum value of n  A  B  15
8. E,  , R, O denote respectively the sets of all equilateral, isosceles, right angled and obtuse
angled triangles in a plane, then which of the following is not true.
(A) R  E   , R     (B) E  O   , O    
(C) E     , E  O   (D) E     , E  
9. If A  3n : n  N , n  6 , B  9 n : n  N , n  4 the which of the following is false?
(A) A  B  6, 5, 61 (B) A  B  3, 27, 243

(C) A  B  9, 81, 729 (D) A  B  3, 9, 27, 81, 243, 729, 656
14 SETS
10. If the number of elements in  A  B  C , B  C   A , C  A  B and A  B  C is 10, 15,

20 and 5 respectively, then number of elements in  AB C is
(A) 35 (B) 50 (C) 40 (D) 45
11. Let Z be the set of all integers and A   a , b : a 2  3b 2  28, a , b  z and
B   a , b : a  b , a , b  z then number of elements in A  B is ______

(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 6 (D) 5
12. In a class of 25 students, at least one of mathematics or statistics is taken by everybody. 12
have taken mathematics, 8 have taken mathematics but not statistics. Find the difference in
the number of students who have taken mathematics and statistics and those who have
taken statistics but not Maths?
(A) 9 (B) 10 (C) 18 (D) 8
13. In a class of 200 students, 70 played cricket, 60 played hockey and 80 played foot ball.
Thirty played cricket and football, 30 played hockey and foot ball, 40 played cricket and
hockey. Find the maximum number of people playing all the three games and also the
minimum no of people playing at least one games?
(A) 200, 100 (B) 30, 110 (C) 30, 120 (D) None of these
14. In a class of 120 students’ 90 students take mathematics, 72 take Science, 10 take neither Mathematics
nor Science then the number of students who take both the subjects is
(A) 52 (B) 110 (C) 162 (D) 100
15. If A 1, 2, 3, 4 , then number of subsets of set A containing element 3, is
(A) 24 (B) 28 (C) 8 (D) 16
16. Let  be the set of integers, N = the set of non negative integers, N P  the set of non-
positive integers. Then the sets A and B satisfying A  B   are
(A) A    N P , B  N  N P (B) A    N , B    N P
(C) A  N N P , B    N P (D) A  N N P , B    N   0
17. Which of the following equality is not true?
(A) A  B  C   A  B   A  C  (B) A   A  B   A  B
(C) A  B  C    A  B   A  C  (D) A  BC    A  B  A  C 
18. The set  A  B  C    A  B  C   C is equal to
(A) B  C (B) A  C (C) B  C (D) None

19. If A, B, C are three sets and S is the universal set such that n  S  900 ,
n A   400, n B  250 and n  A  B  150 then n  A  B 
(A) 200 (B) 600 (C) 250 (D) 400
20. A, B, C are the sets of letters needed to spell the words STUDENT, PROGRESS and
CONGRUENT, respectively, then n  A  B  C  is equal to
(A) 8 (B) 9 (C) 10 (D) 11

SETS 15
21. If A, B, C are three non-empty sets such that A  B   , B  C   , then

(A) A  C (B) A  C (C) C  A (D) None of these
22. Let A,B,C be distinct subsets of a universal set U. For a subset X of U, Let X denote the
complement of X is U. Consider the following sets
I.  A  B  C   B  B  C
II.  A  B   A  B  C    A   B  C  which of the above of statements is/are correct?
(A) I only (B) II only (C) Both I and II (D) Neither I nor II
23. In a factory 70% of the workers like oranges and 64% like apples. If x% like both oranges
and apples, then
(A) x  34 (B) x  64 (C) 34  x  64 (D) None of these
24. If A  1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17 , B  2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18 and N the set of
natural numbers is the universal set, then A '  A  B  B ' is
(A) A (B) A ' (C) B (D) N
25. Let A1 , A2 and A3 be the subsets of a set X. Which of the following is correct?
(A) A1  A2  A3 is the smallest subset of X containing either A1 or A2  A3 but not both
(B) A1  A2  A3 is the smallest subset of X containing elements of each of A1 , A2 and A3
(C) The smallest subset of X containing either A1 or A2  A3 but not both
(D) None of these
1. If a  ax : x   and b  c  d , where b , c   are relatively prime, then

(A) d  bc (B) c  bd (C) b  cd (D) none of these
2. In a group of athletic teams in a school, 21 are in the basket ball team, 26 in the hockey
team, and 29 in food ball team. If 10 play hockey and basket ball; 12 play foot ball and
basket ball; 15 play hockey and foot ball and 8 play all the three games, then the total
number of players are
(A) 43 (B) 45 (C) 47 (D) 49
3. In a town of 10,000 families, it was found that 40% families buy news paper A, 20% families
buy newspaper B and 10% families buy newspaper C, 5% buy A and B, 3% buy B and C,
and 4% buy C and A. If 2% buy all the three, then the number of families which buy none of
A, B and C is
(A) 4,000 (B) 3,300 (C) 4,200 (D) 5,000
4. The average of all the numbers in the set S   a  b a , b  1, 2, 3,.....9 is
(A) 4 (B) 8 (C) 45 (D) None
16 SETS
5. Suppose A1 , A2 ,....., A30 are 30 sets each having 5 elements and B1 , B2 ,...., Bn are n sets each
30 n
with 3 elements. Let  Ai   Bj  S and each element of S belongs to exactly 10 of the
i 1 j 1
Ai ’s and exactly 9 of the Bi ’s . Then n is equal to

6. Let S  1, 2, 3, 4 . The total number of unordered pairs of disjoint subsets of S is equal to
(A) 26 (B) 34 (C) 41 (D) 42
7. If B  A ' then which of the following sets is equal to A ' ?
(A)  A  B  B (B)  A  B  A ' (C)  A  B  A ' (D)  A  B  B
8. 
If A  x , y : y 
1
x 
, 0  x  R , B  x , y  : y  x , x  R then
(A) A  B  A (B) A  B  B (C) A  B   (D) None of these

9. If A   equilateral triangles  , B  right angled triangles , C  isosceles triangles then
(A) A  B   (B) B  C   (C) A  C   (D) None
10. In a college of 300 students, every student read 5 newspapers and every newspaper is read
by 60 students. The number of newspapers is
(A) atleast 30 (B) atmost 20 (C) exactly 25 (D) None of these
11. The shaded region in the given figure is
(A) A  B  C  (B) A  B  C 
(C) A  B  C  (D) A  B  C 
Numerical:
12. If A  B, n  A  25, nB  35 then n  A  B  __
13. Let n u  700 , n  A  200 , n B  300 and n  A  B  100 , then n  A ' B '  ______
14. A class has 175 students. The following data shows the number of students obtaining one or
more subjects. Mathematics 100, Physics 70; Chemistry 40; Mathematics and Physics 30;
Mathematics and Chemistry 28; Physics and Chemistry 23; Mathematics, Physics and
Chemistry 18. How many students have offered Mathematics alone ?
15. From 50 students taking examination in Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry, 37 passed
Mathematics, 24 Physics and 43 Chemistry. Atmost 19 passed Mathematics and Physics,
atmost 29 passed Mathematics and Chemistry and atmost 20 passed Physics and
Chemistry. The largest possible number that could have passed all three examinations is
16. Two finite sets have m and n elements respectively. The total number of subsets of first set
is 56 more than the total number of subsets of the second set then m  n  ______
17. Let X  1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , the number of different ordered pairs  y , z that can be formed such
that Y  X , Z  X and Y  Z is empty is
SETS 17
18. In an examination of a certain class, at least 70% of the students failed in physics, at least
72% failed in chemistry, at least 80% failed in mathematics and atleast85% failed is English.
How many at least must have failed in all the four subjects?
19. In a group of 100 people these are 750 people who can speak Hindi and 400 people who can
speak Bengali. n1 is the number of people who can speak hindi only and n2 is the number of
people who can speak Bengali only then n1  n2 is ___
20. From 50 students taking examination in Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry, 37 passed
Mathematics, 24 Physics and 43 Chemistry. Atmost 19 passed Mathematics and Physics, atmost 29
passed Mathematics and Chemistry and atmost 20 passed Physics and Chemistry. The largest
possible number that could have passed all three examinations is
21. Let S  1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9 . Then the number of elements in the set
T   A  S : A  0 and the sum of all elements of A is not multiple of 3 is ______
Subjective:
22. If aN  ax : x  N  then the find the value of 3N  7 N
23. Prove that  A  B  B  C   A  B

24. In a class of 100 students, 55 students have passed in mathematics and 67 students have
passed in physics. Then find number of students who have passed in physics only
25. In a city 20% of population travels by car, 50% travels by bus and 10% travel by both car
and bus. Then find percentage of persons travelling by car or bus
50 n
26. Let  Xi  Yi  T , where each Xi contains 10 elements and each Yi contain 5 elements,
i 1 i 1
if each element of the set T is an element of exactly 20 of set X i ’s and exactly 6 of set Yi ’s
then find the value of n
27. Let A  n  N /n 2  n  10,000 , B  3K  1 : K  N  and C  2 K /K  N  , find the sum
of all elements of the set A  B  C 
28. Find the number of elements in the set n  1, 2, 3,........100  /11n  10n  9n 
29. Let A  n  N : n is a 3 digit number  , B  9K  2 : K  N  and C  9K  ℓ : K  N  for

some ℓ 0  ℓ  9 if the sum of all elements of the set A  B  C  is 274  400 , then the
find the value of ℓ
  x 2  x 2 5 x 6 
30. Let Z be the set of integers if A  x  Z : 2  1 and
 
 
B  x  Z : 3  2 x  1  9 , then find number of subsets of the set A B
 7 n 2  3n  3 

31. If A  P  N : P is a prime and P  for some n  N 
 then the number of
 n 

 
elements in the set A is ___
18 SETS
ANSWERS & KEY
DAY–3
1. C 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. C
6. B 7. B 8. D 9. C 10. C
11. D 12. D 13. D 14. C 15. B
16. D 17. C 18. D 19. B 20. B
21. C 22. C 23. B 24. B 25. C
DAY–4
1. A 2. C 3. D 4. A 5. D
6. A 7. D 8. C 9. A 10. B
11. C 12. A 13. C 14. A 15. C
16. B 17. D 18. C 19. D 20. B
21. D 22. B 23. C 24. D 25. B
1. A 2. C 3. A 4. A 5. C
6. C 7. B 8. C 9. A 10. C
11. D 12. 25 13. 300 14. 60 15. 14
16. 9 17. 243 18. 7 19. 850 20. 28
21. 80 22. 21N 23. 6, 3 24. 45
25. 60% 26. 30 27. 832 28. 96
29. 5 30. 32768 31. B
PROGRESSIONS
DAY–5
Arithmetic Progression (A.P)

A sequence of terms t1 , t2 , t3 ...., tn ,.... are said to be in A.P if t k 1  t k  constant  k   .
The first term ' t1 ' in an A.P is usually denoted by ' a' and the constant difference between two
successive terms by ' d ' called common difference of the A.P. Therefore the A.P is of the form
a , a  d , a  2 d , a  3 d ,.....
nth term of an A.P
The nth term of an A.P denoted by ' t n ' is given by
tn  a  n  1 d
Note: Since ' a' and ' d ' are constants and tn  a  n  1 d , the nth term of an A.P is linear
expression in ' n '
Sum of ‘n’ terms of an A.P

The sum of first ‘n’ terms of an A.P is denoted by Sn and is given by
Sn  a   a  d   a  2 d  .......   a  n  1 d
 na  d 1  2  3  .....  n  1
n  1  n
 na  d
2
n
 2 a  n  1 d 
2
n
  first term + Last term 
2
Note: Sn is of the form an  bn 2 where a , b are constants
Properties of an A.P
1. If a1 , a2 , a3 ,....., a2 n are in A.P then
(a) a1  a2 n  a2  a2 n1  .....  an  an1
ank  ank
(b) an  , k  0,1,2,...., n
2
2. If three terms a , b , c are in A.P then 2b  a  c
3. (a) Three terms in A.P are taken as a  d , a , a  d
(b) Four terms in A.P are taken as a  3 d , a  d , a  d , a  3 d
4. If a1 , a2 , a3 ,...., an are in A.P then
(a) a1  k , a2  k , a3  k ,......, an  k are in A.P  k  
(b) a1 k , a2 k , a3 k ,.....,an k are also in A.P  k  
5. If a1 , a2 , a3 ,....., an and b1 , b2 , b3 ,....., bn are two A.P’s then
pa1  qb1 , pa2  qb2 , pa3  qb3 ,......, pan  qbn are also in A.P  p , q  
20 PROGRESSIONS
Arithmetic Means (A.M’s)
Let ' a' and ' b ' are two quantities. If x1 , x2 ,...., xn are ' n ' quantities such that
a , x1 , x 2 ,......, x n , b are in A.P then x1 , x2 ,...., xn are called ' n ' arithmetic means (A.M’s) between ' a'
and ' b '
Here b  tn2  a  n  1 d
ba
 common difference d 
n1
Sum of ' n ' A.M’s
n
 x1  x2  ......  xn   x1  xn 
2
n
 a  b
2
EXERCISE
1. If first term of an A.P. is –1, common difference is –3, then 12th term is
(A) 34 (B) 32 (C) –32 (D) –34
2. If 10th term of an A.P is 15, 15th term is 10, then 4th term is
(A) 24 (B) 23 (C) 22 (D) 21
3. The interior angles of a polygon are in A.P. If the smallest angle is 100 is c.d. is 4, then
number of sides is
(A) 5 (B) 7 (C) 36 (D) 44
4. If sum of three numbers in A.P is 15 and their product is 45, then all the numbers are
(A) odd (B) even
(C) need not be even (D) prime
5. If the ratio of sum of n terms in two A.P’s is 2n : n + 1, then the ratio of 8th term is
(A) 15 : 8 (B) 13 : 8 (C) 17 : 5 (D) 4 : 5
3  5  7  n terms
6. If = 7, then the value of n is
5  8  11  10 terms
(A) 35 (B) 36 (C) 37 (D) 40
7. If a1 , a2 , a3 ,..... is an A.P, such that a1  a5  a10  a15  a20  a24  225 , then the value of
a1  a2  ......  a23  a24 is
(A) 909 (B) 75 (C) 750 (D) 900
8. All the terms of an A.P are natural numbers. The sum of its first nine terms lies between 200
and 220. If the 2nd term is 12, then the common difference is
9. 15th term of 4 + 9 + 14 +...... is
(A) 70 (B) 74 (C) 79 (D) 84
10. The first term of an A.P of consecutive integers is p2 + 1. The sum of (2p + 1) terms of this
series can be expressed as
(A) (p + 1)2 (B) (2p + 1)(p + 1)2 (C) (p + 1)3 (D) p3 + (p + 1)3
PROGRESSIONS 21
11. Between 1 and 31 are inserted m arithmetic means, so that the ratio of the 7th and (m – 1)th
means is 5 : 9. Then the value of m is
(A) 12 (B) 13 (C) 14 (D) 15
12. In an A.P if 14th term is 23 and 32nd term is 95, then 25th term is
(A) 60 (B) 61 (C) 65 (D) 64
13. One of the four A.M’s between 3, 23 is
(A) 6 (B) 8 (C) 15 (D) 21
14. Sum of 14 A.M’s between 5 and 8 is
454 456
(A) (B) (C) 92 (D) 91
5 5
8 8
15. If the A.M of the roots of a quadratic equation is and A.M of their reciprocal is , then
5 7
the equation is given by
(A) 5x2 + 8x + 7 = 0 (B) 5x2 – 16x + 7 = 0 (C) 7x2 – 6x + 5 = 0 (D) 7x2 + 16x + 5 = 0
a1  an a1  an a1  an
16. If a1 , a2 ,....., an are in A.P, then   =
a1  a2 a2  a3 an1  an
(A) n (B) n + 1 (C) n – 1 (D) 0
17. Given that n A.M.s are inserted between two sets of numbers a, 2b and 2a, b where a, b  R.
Suppose further that the mth mean between these sets of numbers is same, then the ratio
a:b=
(A) n – m + 1 : m (B) n – m + 1 : n (C) n : n – m + 1 (D) m : n – m + 1
18. The maximum value of the sum of the A.P. 30, 27, 24, ......
(A) 165 (B) 168 (C) 171 (D) 180
1
19. If the sum of first n natural numbers is times the sum of their squares, then the value of n
5
is
(A) 5 (B) 6 (C) 7 (D) 8
20. If sum of n terms of an A.P is 3n2 + 5n and Tm = 164, then m =
21. The number of terms common between the two series 2 + 5 + 8 + ...... upto 50 terms and the
series 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + ....... upto 60 terms is
22. The sum of all possible product of 1 n, natural numbers taken two at a time is
st
n n  1n  22 n  3 n n2  13n  2

(A) (B)
24 24
n n  13n  2
2
n n  13n  2
2
(C) (D)
6 6
22 PROGRESSIONS
1  2  3  2  3  4  3  4  5  upto n terms

23. Let An  , then lim An is
n 1  2 + 2  3 + 3  4 +  + upto n terms n
3 1 1 5
(A) (B) (C) (D)
4 4 2 4
2 3  1 33  1 4 3  1 n3  1
24. Let an     , find lim 3 an .
2 3  1 33  1 4 3  1 n3  1 n
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3
1. In an A.P if tn  5n  3 then find ' d ' .

2. In an A.P of mtm  ntn then find tmn
1 1
3. If tm  and tn  then find t mn
n m
t 2 t
4. In an A.P if 4  then find 6
t7 3 t8
5. Find the number of identical terms in the two AP’s
2, 5, 8, 11, …….. 60 terms and 3, 5, 7, 9, ….. 50 terms
6. If a1 , a2 , a3 ,....., an are non zero terms which are in A.P then prove
1 1 1 n1
  ......  
a1 a 2 a 2 a 3 an1 an a1 an
7. In an A.P if t 5  17 , t7  15 then find t22
8. In an A.P if Sn  3n2  4n, find t10

9. In an A.P if Sm  n , Sn  m then find S m  n
10. Find the sum of all three digit natural numbers which are divisible by 7
11. Find the sum of integers from 1 to 100 which are divisible by either 2 or 5
12. In an A.P if t1  20 , tp  q , tq  p find the value of ' m' such that sum of the first ' m' terms
of the A.P is zero
1 2
13. Find the number of terms of an A.P series 20, 19 , 18 , ….. of which the sum of terms is
3 3
300.
7n  1
14. If the ratio of the sum of ' n ' terms of two AP’s is , then find the ratio of their 12th
4n  27
terms.
15. If S1 , S2 , S3 are the sum of first n , 2 n , 3n terms respectively of an A.P then show that
S3  3S2  S1  .
16. If the sum of first 8 and 19 terms of an A.P are 64 and 361 respectively, find the common
difference and Sn .
S3n
17. Let Sn denote the sum of first ' n ' terms of an A.P. If S2 n  3Sn then the find the ratio
Sn
18. Find the least value of ' n ' for which the sum 2  5  8  ....  n terms exceeds 1000.
1 2
19. Find the maximum value of the sum of the series 10  9  8  ......
3 3
PROGRESSIONS 23
20. The number of terms of an A.P is even, the sum of odd terms is 24, of even terms is 30, and
21
the last term exceeds the first term by then find the number of terms
2
21. If S1 , S2 ,.....S m are the sum of ' n ' terms of m AP’s whose first terms are 1,2,3,….., m and the
common differences are 1,3,5,…… 2m 1 . Then find S1  S 2  .......  Sm
22. The set of natural numbers is divided into sets S1  1 , S2  2,3 , S3  4, 5,6 ,
S4  7,8,9,10 and soon. Then find the sum of elements in the set S 50 .
23. The interior angles of a polygon are in arithmetic progression. The smallest angle is 120
and the common difference is 5 . Find the number of sides of the polygon.
24. If a , b , c are in A.P, prove that the following are also in A.P
1 1 1
(a) b  c , c  a , a  b (b) , ,
bc ca ab
1 1 1  1 1  1 1  1 1
(c) a  , b  ,c  (d) a    , b    , c   
bc ca ab  b c   c a   a b 
(e) bc  a 2 , ca  b 2 , ab  c 2 (f) a2 b  c  , b2 c  a , c 2  a  b
1 1 1
(h) b  c   a 2 ,c  a  b 2 , a  b   c 2
2 2 2
(g) , ,
b c c a a b
1 1 1
If b  c  , c  a , a  b  are in A.P, then prove that
2 2 2
25. , , are also in A.P
bc ca ab
26. If a , b , c are in A.P and ' p ' is the A.M between a and b and ' q ' is the A.M between b and
c , then find the A.M between p and q .
13
27. The sum of two numbers is . An even number of AM’s are being inserted between them
6
and their sum exceeds their number by 1. Find the number of means inserted.
28. There are ' n ' AM’s between 3 and 17. If the ratio of the first mean to last mean is 1 : 3, find
the value of ' n ' .
29. ' n ' arithmetic means are inserted in between x and 2y and then between 2x and y . In
x
case the rth means in each case be equal then find the ratio .
y
30. If the first term of an A.P is 5 and common difference is –3, then find T7 – T11 terms of series.
31. The 3rd term of an A.P is 7 and its 7th term is 2 more than thrice of its 3rd term. Find first
term, common difference and sum of its first 20 terms.
32. Which term of the A.P: 5, 2, –1, ...... is –22?
33. An employee got Rs.3K per month in his 11th year service and got Rs.4.95 K per month in
his 24th year service. If his monthly salary is in A.P, then what is his initial salary? What is
his increment?
34. Sum of 22 terms of the series 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + ....... is?
35. If the sum of the series 24, 20, 16,...... is 60, then find the number of terms.
36. If 10th term of an A.P is 13 find the sum of 19 terms.
nn 1
37. Find the value of 1 + 3 + 6 + 10 + ...... + .
2
24 PROGRESSIONS
DAY–6
Geometric Progression (G.P)

tk1
A sequence of terms t1 , t 2 , t3 ,.........tn ,...... are said to be in G.P if  constant  k   .
tk
The first term ' t1 ' is denoted by ' a' and the constant ratio between two successive terms by
' r ' called common ratio.
Then a G.P is of the form a , ar , ar 2 ,......
Note: All the terms in the G.P are non zero.
nth term of a G.P
The ' n ' th term of a G.P denoted by ' t n ' is given by tn  a.r n1
Sum of ‘n’ terms of a G.P
The sum of ' n ' terms of G.P denoted by Sn is given by
Sn  a  ar  ar 2  ........  ar n1

 na , if r  1



   1  r n

 a   , if r  1

  1  r 

If 1  r  1 then r n tends to zero for infinite value of n
a
 In this case the sum of infinite terms denoted by S  , 1 r  1
1 r
Properties of G.P
1. If a1 , a2 , a3 ,......, a2 n are in G.P then
(a) a1 a2 n  a2 a2 n1  a3 a2 n2  .........  an an 1
(b) an2  ank ank  k  0 to n  1
2. If three terms a , b , c are in G.P then b 2  ac

a
3. (a) Three terms in G.P are taken as , a , ar
r
a a
(b) Four terms in G.P are taken as , , ar , ar 3
r3 r
4. If a1 , a2 , a3 ,....., an are in G.P then
(a) a1 k , a2 k , a3 k ,....., an k are also in G.P  k    0
(b) a1k , a2k , a3k ,......., ank are also in G.P  k  R

5. If a1 , a2 , a3 ,......, an and b1 , b2 , b3 ,....., bn are in G.P then
a1p b1q , a2pb2q , a3p b3p ,......., anp bnq are also in G.P  p , q  
PROGRESSIONS 25
Geometric Means (GM’s)
Let ' a' and ' b ' are two quantities. If x1 , x2 ,...., xn are ' n ' quantities such that
a , x1 , x2 , x3 ,...., x n , b are in G.P then x1 , x 2 , x 3 ,......, xn are called ' n ' G.M’s between ' a' and ' b '
Now b  tn2  a.r n1

1
  n 1
 Common ratio  r   b 
 a
Product of ' n ' GM’s between a & b
n
 x 1 x 2 x 3 .....x n   ab 2
EXERCISE
1 1
1. If 6th term of a G.P is  and 9th term is , then 11th term is
32 256
1 1 1
(A) 1024 (B) (C) (D)
1024 256 512
2. In a geometric progression consisting of positive terms, each term equal the sum of the next
two terms. Then the common ratio of this progression equals
(A) 1  5  (D)  5  1
1 1 1
(B) 5 (C) 5
2 2 2
3. 1 + (0.04) + (0.04) + ......  =
2
25 24
(A) 1 (B) 0.04 (C) (D)
24 25
4. If |x| < 1, y = x – x + x – x + ...... , then the value of x in terms of y is
2 3 4
y y y 1 y
(A) (B) (C) (D)
y1 y1 1 y y
5. If x = 1 + a + a2 + ..... , y = 1 + b + b2 + ...... , |a| < 1, |b| < 1, then 1 + ab + a2b2 + ...... = 
xy x  y 1 xy x  y 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
x  y 1 xy x  y 1 xy
  
6. If x =  an , y   bn , z  cn ; where a, b, c are in A.P and |a| < 1, |b| < 1, |c| < 1, then
n0 n0 n0
x, y, z are in
(A) G.P (B) A.P (C) A.G.P (D) H.P
7. The sum to infinite of 1  22  13  24   is
7 7 7 7
1 7 5 3
(A) (B) (C) (D)
5 24 48 16
8. 6 + 66 + 666 + ...... + n terms =
2010n  1 2n 2010n  1 2n
(A)  (B) 
27 3 81 9
6010n  1 2n
(C)  (D) none of these
27 3
26 PROGRESSIONS
9. The sum to n terms of the series 0.5 + 0.55 + 0.555 + ...... is

5n 5  1  5n 5  1 
(A)  1  n  (B)  1  n 
9 81  10  9 81  10 
5n 5  1  5n 5  1 
(C)  1  n  (D)   n  1
9 81  10  9 81  10 
10. In G.P (p + q)th term is m, (p – q)th term is n, then pth term is
m m
(A) mn (B) nm (C) (D)
n n
1 1
11. The value of n for which 704 + 704  704 + ...... upto n terms =
2 4
1 1
1984  1984  1984 – ...... upto n terms
2 4
(A) 5 (B) 4 (C) 4 (D) 10
12. (666 ...... n digits)2 + (888 ...... n digits) =

(A) 10n  1 (B) 10 2 n  1 (C) 10 n  1
4 4 4 2
(D) none of these
9 9 9
13. If the sum of three numbers in a G.P is 26 and the sum of products taken two at a time is
156, then the numbers are
(A) 2, 6, 18 (B) 1, 8, 64 (C) 1, 5, 25 (D) 1, 4, 1
14. If g1, g2, g3 are three geometric means between two positive numbers a, b then g1 g3 =
(A) g2 (B) g22 (C) 2 g2 (D) 2 g22
1
15. One of the 5 geometric mean between and 243 is
3
(A) 79 (B) 80 (C) 81 (D) 82.
16. If x, y, z are the three geometric means between 6, 54 then z =

(A) 9 3 (B) 18 (C) 18 3 (D) 27
17. Let x be the arithmetic mean and y, z be the two geometric means between any two positive
y 3  z3
numbers. Then value of is
xyz
1 3
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C)
(D)
2 2
18. If the m , n and p terms of A.P and G.P be equal and are respectively x, y, z then which of
th th th
the following hold good.

(A) xyz = 1 (B) x y y z z x  x z y x z y (C) x y y z zx  1 (D) x z y x z y  1
19. If a G.P having 2n + 1 terms whose most middle term is m then product of its first 2n + 1
terms is
(A) m2n + 1 (B) n2m + 1 (C) n2m (D) m2n
20. If a is the A.M of two numbers b and c and G1, G2 are two Geometric means between b and c
then the value of G13 + G23 equals
(A) 3 abc (B) 2 abc (C) 4 abc (D) none of these
PROGRESSIONS 27
21. If the arithmetic mean of two positive numbers a and (a > b) is twice their G.M, then a : b is
(A) 6  7 : 6  7 (B) 2  3 : 2  3 (C) 5  6 : 5  6 (D) none of these
22. Suppose a, b, c are in A.P. Let A, G be the arithmetic mean and geometric mean between a
and b, A, G be the arithmetic mean and geometric mean between b and c, then
(A) A2 + G2 = A2 + G2 (B) A2 – G2 = A2 – G2
(C) A2 – A2 = G2 – G2 (D) A2 + A2 = G2 + G2
23. If the 10th term of a G.P is 9 and 4th term is 4, then its 7th term is
4 9
(A) 6 (B) 36 (C)
(D)
9 4
1 3 7 15
24. The sum Sn to n terms of the series     is equal to
2 4 8 16
(A) 2n – n – 1 (B) 1 – 2–n (C) 2–n + n – 1 (D) 2n – 1
4 44 444
25. Let S =  2  3  upto . Then S is equal to
19 19 19
40 38 36
(A) (B) (C) (D) none of these
9 81 171
1. In a G.P if t5  81 , t2  24 then find S8

2. In a G.P if S3 : S6  125 : 152 then find ' r '
3. In a G.P, Sn  255 , tn  128 , r  2 then find ' n '
4. A G.P consists of an even number of terms. The sum of all the terms is three times that of
odd terms. Determine the common ratio of the G.P.
5. In an increasing G.P, the sum of the first and last term is 66, the product of the second and
last but one term is 128, and the sum of all the terms is 126. Find the number of terms
6. If S1 , S2 , S3 be respectively the sums of n , 2 n , 3n terms of a G.P then prove that
S12  S22  S1 S2  S3 

7. If S1 , S2 ,......, Sn are the sums of infinite geometric series whose first terms are 1,2,3,…., n
1 1 1 1
and common ratio’s are , , ,….., respectively then find
2 3 4 n1
1) S1  S2  S3  ......  Sn 2) S12  S22  S32  ........  Sn2
8. Find 1  1  x   1  x  x 2   1  x  x 2  x 3   .......  n terms
9. If x  1  a  a 2  .......  
y  1  b  b2  ...... 
xy
Where a  1, b  1 , prove that 1  ab  a 2 b 2  ......   
x  y 1
28 PROGRESSIONS
10. Given t1 , t2 , t3 are in G.P and t1 , t2 , t3  64 are in A.P and t1 , t2  8, t 3  64 are in G.P then
find t1 , t2 , t3
11. If a , b , c , d are in G.P, prove that a 2  b 2 , b 2  c 2 , c 2  d 2 are in G.P

12. If three successive terms of a G.P with common ratio r r  1 form the sides of a ABC
then find  r   r  (where . denotes the G.I.F)
13. Find the number of increasing G.P(s) with first term unity, such that any three consecutive
terms, on doubling the middle become an A.P
 a2  b 2  c 2 b 2  c 2  d 2 
14. If a , b , c , d are in G.P, then find
 ab  bc  cd
2
15. A G.P consists of even number of terms. If the sum of terms of occupying the odd places is
S1 and that of terms in the even places is S2 . Then find the common ratio of G.P
16. If one GM 'G ' and two AM’s ' p ' and ' q ' are inserted between two given numbers, then
show that G2   2 p  q 2q  p
17. If two geometric means g1 and g2 and one arithmetic mean ' A ' be inserted between two
g12 g22
numbers, then find 
g2 g1
ap  b p
18. If is G.M between a and b and p  q  1 , then find the value of ' p ' .
aq  bq
19. If a , b , c are three distinct real numbers in G.P such that a  b  c  2 xb , then find range of
'x'
20. Let ' S ' be the sum, ' P ' be the product and ' R ' be the sum of reciprocals of ' n ' terms of G.P
the find ' S ' in terms R and ' P '
21. Which term of the series 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + ...... is 256.
4 1
22. The sum of an infinite G.P is 2. If the sum of their squares is , if the third term is , then
3 4k
k is
23. The greatest value of n so that 1 + 5 + 52 + 53 + ...... n terms is less than 4321 is
24. If 2nd term of a G.P is 24 and 5th term is 81 then find the first term.
25. Which term of 0.004 + 0.02 + 0.01 + ...... is 12.5
26. Find the sum of 20 terms of 3 + 6 + 12 + ......
27. If nth term of series is 2n + n, then find the sum of n terms.
28. If 5th term of a G.P is 32 and common ratio 2, then find the sum of 14 terms.
29. How many terms of the series 1 + 3 + 9 + ...... sum to 364
30. Find the value of 7 + 77 + 777 + ....... n terms
PROGRESSIONS 29
DAY–7
Harmonic Progression (H.P)

1 1 1 1
A sequence of terms t1 , t 2 , t 3 ,....., tn are said to be in H.P if , , ........, are in A.P
t1 t 2 t 3 tn
1 1 1
Therefore an Harmonic progression is of the form , , ,......
a a  d a  2d
nth term of H.P
The nth term of an H.P denoted by t n is given by
1
tn 
a  n  1 d
Harmonic Means (H.Ms)

If three quantities a , x , b are in H.P then ' x ' is called H.M of ' a' and ' b '
1 1 1
 , , are in A.P
a x b
2 1 1 2ab
   x
x a b ab
If a , x1 , x 2 ,......, x n , b are in H.P then x1 , x 2 ,......, xn are called ' n ' harmonic means (H.M’s)
between ' a' and ' b ' . In this case
1 1 ab
  n  1 d  d 
b a n  1 ab
Arithmetico-Geometric sequence
A sequence of the form a, a  d r , a  2d r 2 , a  3d r 3 ,...... is called Arithmetic-Geometric
sequence.
The n th term of the above sequence tn   a  n  1 d r n1
and the sum of ' n ' terms Sn is given by
Sn  a   a  d r   a  2d r 2  .......   a  n  1 d r n1
rSn  ar   a  d r 2   a  2d r 3  ......   a  n  1 d r n

Subtracting
Sn  rSn  a   dr  dr 2  .......  dr n1    a  n  1 d  r n
 
1 r n 1 
1  r Sn  a  dr     a  n  1 d  r n
 1  r 
1  r n1  a  n  1 d  r
n
a
 Sn   dr 
1r 1  r 
2
1r
a dr
If 1  r  1 then the sum of infinite Arithmetico-Geometric series is S  
1  r 1  r 2
30 PROGRESSIONS
∑ Notation
n
 Tr  T1  T2  .....  Tn where Tn is the general term

r 1
4
Eg1:-  r 2  1 2  2 2  32  4 2
r 1
Eg2:-  ab  c   ab  c   b c  a  c a  b

a , b ,c
EXERCISE
1 1
1. If the third and seventh term of a H.P are , respectively, then nth term is
7 15
1 1
(A) 2n + 1 (B) (C) 2n – 1 (D)
2 n  1 2 n  1
2. If a, b, c are in H.P and ab + bc + ca = 15, then ca =
(A) 5 (B) 7 (C) 9 (D) 10
3. If a1, a2, ...... an are in H.P, then the expression a1a2 + a2a3 + ...... + an – 1an =
(A) na1an (B) (n – 1)a1an (C) n(a1 – an) (D) (n – 1)(a1 – an)
4. If 2(y – a) is the H.M between y – x and y – z, then x – a, y – a, z – a are in
(A) A.P (B) G.P (C) H.P (D) none of these
1 1 1 1
5. 2 4 4 8 8 16 16 32 upto  is equal to
3 5
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) (D)
2 2
 1  1
2
6. The sum to n terms of the series 1  2 1    31    ..... is given by
 n  n
 1
2
(A) n2  1 (B) n n  1 (C) n 1   (D) n2
 n
7. The product of infinite terms in x 1 /2 .x 1/ 4 .x 1 /8 ..... is
(A) 0 (B)  (C) 1 (D) x
8. Which of the following is not a standard AGP
6 10 14 9 15 21
(A) 6,18,48,120,…. (B) 2,6,16,40,…
(C) 2, , , ,... (D) 3, , , ,...
3 9 27 2 4 8
1 3 7 15
9. The sum of first n terms of the series     ........... is equal to
2 4 8 16
(A) 2n – n – 1 (B) 1 – 2–n (C) n + 2–n – 1 (D) 2n – 1
10. If a, b, c and d are different positive real numbers in H.P, then
(A) ab > cd (B) ac > bd (C) ad > bc (D) none of these
PROGRESSIONS 31
11. If a, b, c are three positive numbers, then the minimum value of the expression
ab  a  b  bc b  c   ca c  a
bca
(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 6 (D) 1
12. The quadratic equation whose roots are A.M, and H.M. between the roots of the equation
ax2 + bx + c = 0 is
(A) abx2 + (b2 + ac)x + bc = 0 (B) 2abx2 + (b2 + 4ac)x + 2bc = 0
(C) 2abx2 + (b2 + ac)x + bc = 0 (D) none of these
 1 1 1
13. If a, b and c are positive real numbers, then the least value of (a + b + c)     is
a b c
10
(A) 9 (B) 3 (C) (D) none of these
3
14. If a, b, c and d are different positive numbers in H.P., then
(A) a + b > c + d (B) a + c > b + d (C) a + d > b + c (D) none of these
15. If a, b and c are three positive real numbers, then the minimum value of the expression
bc c a ab
  is
a b c
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 6
1 1 1 1
16. If a1, a2, a3, ......, an, an + 1 are in A.P, then     is equal to
a1 a2 a2 a3 a3 a4 an an1
n1 1 n1 n
(A) (B) (C) (D)
an an1 a1 an1 a1 an1 a1 an1
1 1 1
17. The sum of the n terms of the series    is
3 5 5 7 7  9
n n1 n1 n
(A) (B) (C) (D)
32n  3 2n  3 2n  1 2n  1
18. Sn , the sum to n terms of the series n2  12   2 n 2  2 2   3n2  32   .... is
n n  1 (D) 2 n n2  1
1 2 2 1
(B) n n  1
2
(A) (C) 0
4 4
19. The sum of all possible products of first n natural numbers taken two at a time, is
1 1
(A) n(n + 1)(n – 1)(3n + 2) (B) n(n + 1)(n – 1)(2n + 2)
24 6
1
(C) n(n – 1)(n – 1)(2n + 3) (D) none of these
24
H  a Hn  b
20. If H1, H2,.... Hn are n harmonic means between a and b ( a), then value of 1 
H1  a Hn  b
is equal to
(A) n + 1 (B) n – 1 (C) 2n (D) 2n + 3
21. If the ratio of H.M. to the G.M of two numbers is 6 : 10, then the ratio of the numbers is
(A) 5 : 3 (B) 3 : 1 (C) 1 : 9 (D) none of these
32 PROGRESSIONS
1 1 1
22. The sum of n terms of the series    is
1 3 5 3 5 7 5 7  9
n n  2  n n  2 
(A) (B)
12 2 n  12 n  3 32 n  12n  3
n  1n  2 n  1n  2
(C) (D)
n  4n  1
2 12 2 n  12 n  3
1 1 1
23. The sum of infinite terms of the series    is
1  4  7 4  7  10 3n  23n  13n  4
1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
28 24 14 12
n
 k n  1  k , then for n  2
1
24. Let an 
k 1
1
(A) an1  an (B) an1  an (C) an1  an (D) an1  an 
n
1 1 1
25. Sum to n terms of series    is
1 2  3 4 2  3 4  5 3 4  5 6
n3 n 2  6n 2  3n
(A) (B)
3n  1n  2n  3 6 n  2n  3n  4
15n 2  7 n n 3  6n 2  11n
(C) (D)
4n n  1n  5 18n  1n  2n  3
n n
 n 2 n2  9n  13 , then 
1
26. If Sn  tr  tr equals
r 1
6 r 1
1 1 1 1
(A) n n  1 (B) n n  2  (C) n n  3 (D) n n  5
2 2 2 2
27. Let A1, A2 be two arithmetic means, G1, G2 be two geometric means, and H1, H2 be two
G G H  H2
harmonic means between two positive numbers a and b. The value of 1 2  1 is
H 1 H 2 A1  A2
1 3
(A) (B) 1 (C) (D) 2
2 2
1 1 1 1
28. For a positive integer n, let a(n) = 1      n . Then
2 3 4 2   1
(A) a(100) < 100 (B) a(100) > 100 (C) a(200) < 100 (D) none of these
1 1 3 5 2n  1
29. If H n  1    , then value of Sn  1    is
2 n 2 3 n
(A) H n  n (B) 2 n  H n (C) n  1  H n (D) H n  2n
PROGRESSIONS 33
1 1
1. The 8th and 14th term of a H.P are and respectively. Find its 20th term
2 3
mn
2. The m th term of a H.P is ' n ' and the n th term is ' m' . Prove that r th term is
r
An A.P a G.P and a H.P have a and b for their first two terms. If their n  2
nd
3. terms are
2 n 2 2 n 2
b a
in G.P, then find
ab b 2n
 a2 n 
a1 a2
4. If a1 , a2 , a3 ,.......an are in H.P, then prove that , ,
a2  a3  .....  an a1  a3  .....  an
an
……. are in H.P.
a1  a2  .....  an1
ab cb
5. If positive numbers a , b , c are in H.P, then find the least value of 
2 a  b 2c  b
1 1 1 1
6. If ' H ' be the H.M between ' a' and ' b ' then prove that   
H a H b a b
3
7. The sum of three numbers in H.P is 26 and sum of their reciprocal is . Find the numbers
8
ba bc
8. If a , b , c are in H.P, prove that  2
b  a b c
1 1 1 5
9. The value of x  y  z is 15 if a , x , y , z , b are in A.P, while the value of   is if
x y z 3
a , x , y , z , b are in H.P. Find a & b
10. If A1 , A2 ; G 1 , G 2 ; H 1 , H 2 be two AM’s ; GM’s ; HM’s respectively of ' a' and ' b ' then prove
G1 G 2 A  A2
that  1
H1H 2 H1  H2
11. If a1 , a2 , a3 ,....., an are in H.P prove that a1 a2  a2 a3  .......  an1 an  n  1 a1 an

12. If a1 , a2 , a3 are in A.P; a2 , a3 , a4 are in G.P and a3 , a 4 , a5 are in H.P prove that a1 , a3 , a5 are in
G.P.
13. If a , b , c are in H.P then prove that
a b c a b c
(a) , , are in H.P (b) , , are in H.P
bc c  a ab b c  a c  ab a  b c
bc ca ab
(c) , , are in A.P
b c c a a b
3
14. Consider two positive numbers a and b . If A.M of a and b exceeds their G.M by and
2
6
G.M of a and b exceeds their H.M by , then find a2  b 2
5
15. Let ' P ' be the first of ' n ' A.M’s between two numbers a and b and ' q ' is the 1st of ' n '
q
H.M’s between the same numbers. Find the internal in lies
p
34 PROGRESSIONS
16. Find the sum of infinity of the series 1  3x  5x2  7 x3  ......., x  1
17. Find the sum to infinity of the series 12  2 2 x  3 2 x 2  4 2 x 3  .......  

18. Find the sum to n terms of the seirs 3  5  9  17  ......
2 5 2 11
19. Find sum to infinity of the series     ........
3 6 3 24
20. Find the sum of first ‘n’ terms of the series 12  2  2 2  32  2  4 2  52  2  6 2  ......
n n
  r2 n
2
21. Find r or n 22. Find or
r1 r 1
n n
   r r  1
3
23. Find r 3 or n 24. Find
r 1 r 1
n
 r r  1r  2
1
25. Find
r 1
1 1
26. If there are four harmonic means between , and the third harmonic mean is K. Then
12 42
1
the value of =_______
K
H1  a Hn  b
27. If H1, H2, ..... Hn are n harmonic means between a and b ( a), the value of  =
H1  a Hn  b
n .Then the value of  =______
28. If a, b, c are pth, qth, rth term respectively of an H.P., then ab(p – q) + bc(q – r) + ca(r – p)=___
12
29. The ratio of the harmonic mean to the geometric mean of two positive numbers is . The
13
a
numbers are in the ratio .Then the value of a  b (hcf of a , b is 1) is _____
b
30. Suppose a , x , y , z and b are in AP when x  y  z  15 . a ,  ,  ,  , b are in HP when
1 1 1 5
   . Find the value of a  a  b
   3
31. If 9 Arithmetic and harmonic means be inserted between 2 and 3, prove that A  6 / H  5
where A is any of the arithmetic means and H is the corresponding harmonic mean.
32. If x1 , x2 , x3 ,....xn are in H.P, then prove that x1 x2  x2 x3  x3 x4  .....  xn1 xn  n  1 x1 xn .
c
33. If a , b , c are in A.P., a2 , b 2 , c 2 are in H.P., then prove that either a  b  c or a , b ,  form a
2
G.P.
34. Find the sum of n terms. Also find the sum to infinite terms
1 1 1 2 3
(i) 1 +   .......... (ii)   ..........
12 12 3 11 1
2 4
12 22 4
1  3  34
2
1 4
35. Two harmonic means between , are
2 17
4 2 11 7 4 2 7 11
(A) , (B) , (C) , (D) ,
11 7 4 2 7 11 4 2
PROGRESSIONS 35
12
36. The ratio of the harmonic mean to the geometric mean of two positive numbers is . The
13
numbers are in the ratio
12 13 4 4
(A) (B) (C) (D)
13 12 3 9
37. If a, b, c are real and in A.P., and a2, b2, c2 are in H.P., then
ac
(A) a = b = c (B) 2b = 3a + c (C) b2 = (D) none of these
8
4 7 10
38. The sum to infinity of the series 1   2  3  is
5 5 5
16 11 35 8
(A) (B) (C) (D)
35 8 16 16
6 27 128 629
39. Sum of first n terms of the series    
5 25 125 625
5 n 1  5 5n 1  5 5 n 1  4 n  5
(A) n  (B) n  (C) n  (D) none of these
16  5n 16  5n 16  5n
3
40. Suppose a, b, c are in A.P and a2, b2, c2 are in G.P. If a < b < c and a + b + c = , then the
2
value of a is
1 1 1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C)  (D) 
2 2 2 3 2 3 2 2
p r
41. If a, b, c are in A.P., p, q, r are in H.P and ap, bq, cr are in G.P., then  =
r p
a c a c b q b a
(A)  (B)  (C)  (D) 
c a c a q b q p
 1 1  1 1  1 1
42. If a    , b    , c    are in A.P., then
b c  c a  a b
1 1 1
(A) , , are in G.P (B) a, b, c are in H.P
a b c
1 1 1
(C) , , are in A.P (D) a, b, c are in A.P
a b c
1 1 44
43. If the sum to infinite series 3  (3  d )  (3  2 d ) 2  ... is , then d =_____
4 4 9
(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 3 (D) 5
44. The sum to n terms of the series 5+11+19+29+41+…is ____
n(n  2) n(n  1)(n  1)
(A) (B)
3 3
n(n  2)( n  4) n( n  1)(n  2)3
(C) (D)
3 3
45. The differences of the successive terms of the sequence 5,7,13,31,85,…in that order are in
(A) AP (B) GP (C) AGP (D) HP
36 PROGRESSIONS
46. The sum of the series 12 + 104 + 1008 + 10016 + ...... up to n terms is
(A)
10n  1  2n (B)
10 10 n  1
 2  2 n  1
9 9
10n  1 10 10 n  1
(C) 1 (D)
9 9
1 1 1
47. Sum of the series  2  2  upto n terms is
2 1 4 1 6 1
2
n 1 1 4
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2n  1 2n  1 n1 2n  1
48. Sum to n terms of the series 1.3.5 + 3.5.7 + 5.7.9 + ...... is
(A) 8n2 + 12n2 – 2n – 3 (B) n(8n3 + 11n2 – n – 3)
(C) n(2n3 + 8n2 + 7n – 2) (D) none of these
49. Let n  N, n > 25. Let A, G, H denote the arithmetic mean, geometric mean and harmonic
mean of 25 and n. The least value of n for which A, G, H  {25, 26, ...... n}, is
(A) 49 (B) 81 (C) 169 (D) 225
50. Three arithmetic means, three geometric means and three harmonic means are inserted
between 1 and 5. The cubic equation whose roots are 3rd A.M., 2nd G.M. and 1st H.M is
21  4 5  x 2  5x  5 5  0
1
(A) x 3 
4
 21 
 21  4 5  x 2  5 
1
(B) x 3  5  x  5 5  0
4  4 
(C) 4 x 3 
1
4
 21  4 5  x 2  15  21 5  x  20 5  0
(D) none of these

1 1 1
51. Sum to n terms of the series   + ...... is
3 3 3
1  3  2  5  3  7 
8 8 8
4n 2n 8n 2n
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3 4n  3 4n  3 3 4n  3 3 4n  3
52. If a, b and c are distinct positive real numbers and a2 + b2 + c2 = 1, then ab + bc + ca is
(A) less than 1 (B) equal to 1 (C) greater than 1 (D) any real number
b
53. Let ax2 +  c for all positive x, where a > 0 and b > 0, the value of the expression 27ab2
x
cannot be less than
(A) 4c 3 (B) 4c 2 (C) 8c 3 (D) c 3
PROGRESSIONS 37
ANSWERS & KEY
DAY–5
Basic Level Questions
1. D 2. D 3. A 4. A 5. A
6. A 7. D 8. C 9. B 10. D
11. C 12. C 13. C 14. D 15. B
16. C 17. D 18. A 19. C 20. B
21. D 22. B 23. A 24. A
4
1. 5 2. 0 3. 1 4. 5. 17
5
7. 0 8. 61 9. m  n 10. 70336
162
11. 3050 12. 41 13. 25 or 36 14.
119
16. d  2, Sn  n 2 17. 6 18. 26 19. 80 20. 8
mnmn  1 a  2b  c
21. 22. 62525 23. 9 26. 27. 12
2 4
r
28. 6 29. 30. 12 31. 740 32. 10
n  1 r
33. 1.5K 34. 528 35. 3 (or) 10 36. 247
nn  1n  2
37.
6
DAY–6

1. B 2. D 3. C 4. C 5. A
6. D 7. D 8. A 9. A 10. B
11. A 12. B 13. A 14. B 15. C
16. C 17. A 18. B 19. A 20. B
21. B 22. C 23. A 24. C 25. B
38  2 8 3
1. 2. 3. 8 4. 2 5. 6
8 5
7. (1)  n (2)  n  1 2
8.
 
x x n  1  n x  1
10. 4, 20, 100
x  1
2
S2
12. –1 13. 1 14. 1 15.
S1
   
17. 2A 18.
1
19.  ,  1    2 ,  20. R  P 2 /n
2  2   3 

21. 9 22. 1 23. 6 24. 16 25. 6
nn 1
26. 3(220 – 1) 27. 2 2n  1  28. 32,766 29. 6
2
7010n  1 7n
30. 
81 9
38 PROGRESSIONS
DAY–7

1. B 2. A 3. B 4. B 5. B
6. D 7. D 8. A 9. C 10. C
11. C 12. A 13. A 14. C 15. D
16. D 17. A 18. A 19. A 20. C
21. C 22. B 23. B 24. B 25. D
26. C 27. B 28. A 29. B
1 n1
1. 3. 5. 4 7. 6, 8, 12
4 n
q  n  1 2
a  1, b  9 
9. 14. 159 15.
p
does not lie between 1 and  n  1 
1x 1 x 2
16. 17. 18. 2 n1  n  2 19.
1  x  1  x
2 3
9
n n  1 n 2 n  1 n n  1
2
20. if n is even ; if n is odd 21.
2 2 2
n n  12 n  1  nn  12 n 2 n  1
2
n n  1n  2
22. 23. 
  or 24.
6  2  4 3
nn  3
25. 26. 30 27. 2 28. 0
4 n  1n  2
2n nn  1 1
29. 13 30. 9 34. (i) ,2 (ii) ,
n1 2 n  n  1
2 2
35. A 36. D 37. A 38. C 39. C
40. D 41. A 42. D 43. A 44. C
45. C 46. B 47. A 48. C 49. D
50. B 51. C 52. A 53. A
Logarithms
Day-8 & 9 Theory
Definition:
Let ' a ' be any positive real number  a  1 and let ' y ' be any given positive real number.
If there is a real number ' x ' such that ax  y then x is called logarithm of y to the base a
and we write it as log a y
 ax  y  log a y  x , a  0, a  1, y  0, x  
Examples:
1 1
1. 2 5  32  log 2 32  5 2. 34   log 3  4
81 81
 1 3 1
3.    8  log 1 /2 8  3 4. Since 1251 /3  5  log 125 5 
 2  3
Properties of logarithms
Whenever log b a is there, a  0, b  0, b  1
1. ax  y  log a y  x 2. a1  a  log a a  1
exponential form  logarthmic form 
3. a  1  log a 1  0
0
4. log b a.log a b  1
log c a
5. log b a  log b c.log c a  6. log a mn  log a m  log a n
log c b
p
7. log a mn  n log a m 8. log m p  log a m
aq q
m
9. log a  log a m  log a n 10. alog a n  n
n
11. If a  1 , 0  m  n then  log a m  log a n
12. If 0  a  1 , 0  m  n  log a m  log a n
a b x b ,
log x log a
13.
14. Inequalities
 log a x  0  x  1, a  1 or 0  x  1,0  a  1
log a x  0  x  1,0  a  1 or 0  x  1, a  1
 If a  1 and x  y  log a x  log a y
If 0  a  1 and x  y  log a x  log a y
 If a  1 and x  a  log a x  1
If a  1 and x  a  log a x  1
 If 0  a  1 and x  a  log a x  1
If 0  a  1 and x  a  0  log a x  1
 If a  1 and log a x  m then x  am
If a  1 and log a x  m then x  am
 If 0  a  1 and log a x  m then x  am
If 0  a  1 and log a x  m then x  am
40 LOGARITHMS
Base of a logarithm
There are two important bases in logarithms, they are 10 and e . The logarithms with base
10 are called “common logarithms” and the logarithms with base ' e ' are called “natural (Naperian)
logarithms”. Here ' e ' is an irrational number whose value is lying between 2 and 3
 e  2.71828.... . Usually log x means log 10 x and ln x means log e x .
Day-8

1. Which of the following is FALSE?
1 1
(A) log 5 2  0 (B) log 1 2  0 (C) log 5 0 (D) log 1 0
5
2 5
2
2. The value of 2 2log 2 5 is

2 4 5 5
(A) (B) (C) (D)
5 5 2 4
3. The value of log 9 27  log 27 9 is

1 5
(A) 0 (B) 3 (C) (D)
3 6
4. The value of log 3 4 log 4 5log 5 6......log 80 81 is

(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 80 (D) 81
5. The value of 16log 4 5  4log 16 5 is

(A) 25  5 (B) 0 (C) 5  5 (D) None of these
6. If log 0.3 x  1  log 0.09 x  1 then x lies in the interval

(A) 2, (B) 2, 1 (C) 1, 2 (D) None of these
1 1
If 5.6  0.56  100 then  is
a b
7.
a b
1 1
(A) 1 (B) (C) (D) 56
2 3
8. If log 2 x  log 4 x  log 64 x  5 then x is

(A) 8 (B) 16 (C) 32 (D) 18
9. If x 2  y 2  6 xy then 2 log x  y   log xy is

(A) log 2 (B) 2 log 2 (C) 3log 2 (D) 4 log 2
10. If a  log 24 12, b  log 36 24, c  log 48 36 then 1  abc is equal to

(A) 2ab (B) 2bc (C) 2ca (D) 0
8
11. If log x 256  , then x is
5
(A) 20 (B) 25 (C) 31 (D) 32
LOGARITHMS 41
2
12. If log x 5 81  then x is
5
1
(A) 243 (B) (C) 9 (D) 81
9
13. If x , y , z are in GP and ax  b y  c z , then

(A) log b a  log c b (B) log c b  log a c (C) log a c  log b a (D) log a b  2 log a c
14. The solution of the equation log 7 log 5 ( x 2  5  x )  0 is

(A) x  4 (B) x  5 (C) x  7 (D) x  1
15. log tan 40 log tan 41 ......log tan 50 
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) none
 a  b  log a  log b a b
16. If log   then  is
 3  2 b a
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 6 (D) 7
17. The value(s) of x which satisfies ln x 2  10  ln x  2.ln 3 is/are

(A) 10 (B) -1 (C) 10, -1 (D) -10, 1
log (0.10.010.001......)
18. The value of (0.05) 20 is
1 1
(A) 81 (B) (C) 20 (D)
81 20
 4 y  4 x 
19. If log x  y   log   then log y  log x is equal to
 3 
(A) log 6 (B) log 7 (C) log 2 (D) log 3
20. If log a x , log b x , log c x are in HP, then a, b, c are

(A) AP (B) GP (C) HP (D) none of these
21. If x , y , z are three consecutive odd integers then log y xz  4 is

(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
22. If log p x  a and log q x  b then log p x is

q
ab ab ab ba
(A) (B) (C) (D)
ab ba ab ab
23. Let log 12 18  a . Then log 24 16 is equal to

8  4a 1 4a  1 8  4a
(A) (B) (C) (D)
5 a 3a 2  3a 5a
42 LOGARITHMS
 7
24. If log 3 2,log 3  2 x  5 and log 3 2 x   are in A.P, then find the value of ' x '
 2
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
25. If log 12 27  a then find log 6 16

4  3  a 4  3  a 3a 3 a
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3 a 3a 3a 4  3  a
Day–9
1. If log a.log b  k log a then k 

b2 c2 c
1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D) 4
4 2 8
1 1 1 1
2. The sum of the series    .........  is
log 2 4 log 4 4 log 8 4 log n 4
2
n n  1 n n  1 2n  1 1 n n  1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 12 n n  1 4
3. If log 10 a  b then log 1000 a 2 is

3b 2b
(A) b 2 (B) 2b (C) (D)
2 3
4. The number of solutions of log 4 x  1  log 2  x  3 is

(A) 3 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 0
5. If y2 log x 4
, then x is equal to
(A) y (B) y (C) y 2 (D) y 3
6. Logarithm of 32 5 4 to the base 2 2 is

(A) 3.6 (B) 5 (C) 5.6 (D) 3
7. If a2  b 3  c 4  d 5 ; then log a bcd is

17 47 30
(A) 1 (B) (C) (D)
30 30 47
8. If x  log a bc  , y  log b ca and z  log c  ab then the expression whose value is 1 is
1
 1  y 
1 1
(A) x  y  z (B) 1  x  1  z 
1 1 1
(C) xyz (D)  
x y z
LOGARITHMS 43
x x x
9. If ax  b y  c z  d w then   is
y z w
(A) log d  abc  (B) log a bcd (C) log b  acd (D) log a  abd
10. If log e x  z  log e  x  2 y  z  2 log e x  z then x, y, z are in

(A) A.P. (B) G.P. (C) H.P. (D) x  2 y  3z
11. If x  log 3 5, y  log 17 25, which one of the following is correct

(A) x  y (B) x  y (C) x  y (D) None of these
12. Solve log 1 5 2 x 2  7 x  7   0

 3  3 3 
(A) 2,   (B) 2,   (C)  , 2  (D) none
 2   2  2 
13. The number log 20 3 lies in

(A) 1/4, 1/3 (B) 1/3, 1/2 (C) 1/2, 3/4 (D) 3/4, 4 /5
log 10
14. Solve the inequality  x x
 x2
(A) x   10 ,  (B) x   4 10 , 10  (C) x   4 10 ,  (D) none
x2
15. The set of real values of x for which log 0.2  1 is
x
 5 5 
(A) ,    (0, ) (B)  , 
 2   2 
(C) ( ,  2)  (0, ) (D) (0, )
16. If x  log 24 12 , x  log 36 24 , z  log 144 36 then find 1  2xyz .

(A) 1 (B) 3 (C) 0 (D) 2
17. If log 2 32 x2  7   2  log 2  3x1  1 then find x.

(A) 0, 1 (B ) 1, 2 (C) 2,3 (D) 3, 4
1 1
1log a x 1log a y
18. If y  a and z  a , then find x.
1 1 1
1log a z 1log z a 1log a z
(A) a (B) a (C) a (D) none
19. The set of real values of x satisfying log 1 /2 ( x 2  6 x  12)  2 is

(A) , 2  (B) [2, 4] (C)  4, (D) 4, 
log 2 ( x1)
20. The complete set of real values of x which satisfies 2  x  5 is
(A) ( ,  1)  (4, ) (B) (4, ) (C) (1, 4) (D) ( ,  1)
44 LOGARITHMS
21. The number of pairs x , y  satisfying the equations log y x  log x y  2 and x 2  20  y is
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 1 (D) 0
22. The least value of 2 log 100 a  log a 0.0001 , a  1 is

(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
23. If a, b, c are the pth, qth, and rth terms respectively of a GP, then
q  r  log a  r  p log b   p  q log c 
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3
1
24. Find the solution set of the inequality log 3 x  2x  4  log 1 3 x  2   log 3
7.
2
(A) x  2,3  (B) x  2, 3 (C) x  2, 3 (D) none
1 1
25. Solve 
 x  1  log 4 x  3
log 4  
 x  2 
 
(A) x  1,  (B) x  1,  (C) x   , 1 (D) x  0,1
1. Which of the following is FALSE?

1 1
(A) log 2 3  1 (B) log 5 4  1 (C) log 1 1 (D) log 1 1
3
2 5
4
2. log 5 5
5  log 5 5 5 is equal to
2 13 6
(A) 1 (B) (C) (D)
3 6 13
3. If ax  b , b y  c , c z  a then which of the following is FALSE
1
(A) x  log a b (B)  log c b (C) xyz  1 (D) x  y  z  0
y
1 1 1
4. The value of   is not equal to
log ab abc log bc abc log ca abc
log 5 2 1
(A) log 5 25 (B) 5 (C) (D) log abc abc
log 4 2
1  2 log 3 2
 log 6 2  is
2
5. The value of
1  log 3 2
2
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 6
log x log y log z

6. If   then which of the following is FALSE?
yz zx xy
(A) xyz  1 (B) x x y y z z  1 (C) x y z .y zx .zx  y  1 (D) x  y  z  0
LOGARITHMS 45
 1  1  1
7. If a , b , c are distinct natural number such that log 2 1    log 2 1    log 2 1    2
 a   b   c
then a  b  c is
(A) 6 (B) 7 (C) 8 (D) 9
8. If log a x  6 and log 25 a 8x  3 then ' a ' is

(A) 9 (B) 12.5 (C) 18 (D) 25
The value of 3.6  is

log 3.6 10 1
9.
1
(A) 36 (B) 3.6 (C) 12.96 (D)
36
10. If log a 3  2, log b 8  3 then log a b

(A) log 3 2 (B) log 2 3 (C) log 3 4 (D) log 4 3
5
11. log x  log 5  then x 
5 x 2
(A) 25 (B) 5 (C) 25 or 5 (D) 5
12. The value of alog a b.log b c is

(A) a (B) b (C) c (D) 0
13. If 4log 9 3  5log 2 8  9 log a 127 then the value of a is

(A) 127 (B) 4 (C) 9 (D) 5
14. If logx y = 100 and log2 x = 10, then the value of y is:
( A) 2 10 ( B) 2 100 (C ) 2 1000 (D) 2 10000
15. x log ylog z  y log zlog x  zlog xlog y 

(A) 0 (B) xyz (C) 1 (D) x  y  z
The solution of the equation 4log 2 log x  log x  log x  1 is

2
16.
(A) x  10 (B) x  1 (C) x  12 (D) x  4
17. If ln log 5  2 x  2  3  0 , then find the value of x.

(A) 0 (B) 3 (C) 1 (D) 2
1
18. Determine b satisfying log 8
b3
3
(A) 4 (B) 8 (C) 32 (D) 16
19.  
If log 10 98  x 2  12 x  36  2 , then x 
(A) 4 (B) 8 (C) 12 (D) 4, 8
20. If log 7 log 5  x  5  x   0 , then x 

(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 2 (D) 1
46 LOGARITHMS
21. The real roots of the equation 7


log 7 x 2 4 x 5   x1 are
(A) 1 , 2 (B) 2 , 3 (C) 3 , 4 (D) 4 , 5
22.

x  y

If log 1  log 1  log k
z
  0 then k 
(A) 1 (B) 0 (C) xyz (D) none
23. Solve the equation 3x log 5 2  2 log 5 x  64

(A) x  1 (B) x  5 (C) x  25 (D) x  625
24. If 4 x  2 2 x1  3x1 2  3x1 2 , then x 

(A) 1/2 (B) 3/2 (C) 5/2 (D) 1
25. If log x log 4 log x  5x 2  4 x 3   0 , then x 

(A) 5 (B) 4 (C) 3 (D) 1
26. If log x2 x 3  3x 2  6 x  8  3 , then x 

(A) 1 (B) 0 (C) – 2 (D) 2
ln x ln y ln z
27. If   then x 4 y 3 z2 is
1 2 5
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 5
log x log y log z

28. If   , then yz in terms of x is
2 3 5
(A) x (B) x 2 (C) x 3 (D) x 4
 16   25   81 
29. 7 log    5log    3log   is equal to
 15   24   80 
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) log 2 (D) log 3
30. If log 12 27  a , then log 6 16 

3 a 3 a 3 a 3a
(A) 2. (B) 3. (C) 4. (D)
3a 3a 3a 3a
1
31. If x  log 3 5 then  1 is
x1
(A) log 6 18 (B) log 4 20 (C) log 5 20 (D) log 15 45
8 2 3  3

32. The value of log    3log    2 log    log   is
 81  3 2  4
(A) log 2 (B) log 3 (C) log 1 (D) 2 log 3
33.

2  2 3 3 
The value of log  log log log 27 3   is
(A) 2 (B) 9 (C) 3 (D) 0
LOGARITHMS 47
1 1
If 3.7   0.037   1000 then the value of 3    is
x y
34.
 x y 
(A) 2 (B) 9 (C) 3 (D) 0
 1  1  1
35. Find the value of log 1    log 1    ......  log 1  
a  2 a 3 a  n
(A)  log n (B) log n (C) log a (D) 0
a a n
36. The set of all solutions of the equation

log 3 x.log 4 x.log 5 x  log 3 x.log 4 x  log 4 x.log 5 x  log 5 x.log 3 x is
(A) 1 (B) 1,60 (C) 1, 5, 10,60 (D) 60
37. If log 2 , log 2 x  1 and log 2 x  3 are in A.P. then the value of x is
1 5 1
(A)  (B) (C) 1 (D)
2 2 2
log a x
38. If  4  k  log a b then k is
log ab x
(A) 0 (B) 2 (C) 1 (D) 3
39. If x, y, z are three consecutive odd positive integers then log xz  4 
(A) log 2y  (B) log y (C) 2 log y (D) 4 log y
.2 1
98..
99
40. The value of log 2 .log 3 ....log 100 100 is
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 10 (D) 100!
 a a2 b2
41. If log x  a  b  log x  a  b  log x   then 2  2 is
b b a
(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 6 (D) 1
42. If x  1  log bc , y  1  log ca , z  1  log ab , then xy  yz  zx 

a b c
(A) x  y  z (B) 0 (C) 1 (D) xyz
43. Find the value of log a a a a a

a
31 16 1 31
(A) (B) (C) (D)
16 31 16 32
x2  y 2
44. If x 4  y 4  47 x 2 y 2 then log 
7
(A) log x  log y (B) log x  log y (C) log y  log x (D) None of these
45. If k  log  2  3   log 12  7 3 then k =

1 1 1 1
(A) (B) log 3 (C) log 3 (D) log 2
4 4 2 4
46. If log
4
x 2  x  log 4 x  1  2 then x 
(A) 16 (B) 8 (C) 4 (D) 2
48 LOGARITHMS
47. If a 4  b 4  c 4 , then log c  b  log c  b  log

a a a
c 2  b2  is
(A) 1 (B) 0 (C) 4 (D) none
48. The value of log cot 1° + log cot 2° + log cot 3° + .... + log cot 89° is
(A) 1 (B) 0 (C) – 1 (D) none
49. If ax  b y  c z and y 2  xz , then log b log a b 

c
(A) 1 (B) 0 (C) 2 (D) 4
 x  y 
50. If x 2  y 2  27 xy , then log  
 5 
1 1
(A) log x  log y  (B) log x  log y  (C) log xy (D) 1
2 2
2
51. If log x  log y  2  log 2; log x  y   then x , y  
3 3 3 27 3
(A) 3,6 (B) 6,3 (C) A or B (D) None of these
52. If log x : log y : log z  ( y  z):( z  x ) : ( x  y ) then

(A) x y .y z .zx  1 (B) x x .y y .z z  1 (C) x
x .y y . z z  1 (D) None of these
 3x  3y 
53. If log x  y   log   , then log x  log y 
 2 
54. If log x 8x  3  log x 4  2 , then x 

(A) –3/2 (B) 1/2 (C) 3/2 (D) 3/2, 1/2
55. If u  log  cos   sin  , v  log cos   sin  , w  log sec   tan  , x  log sec   tan  ,
y  log cos ec  cot  and z  log  cos ec  cot  then the value of u  v  w  x  y  z is
(A) log sin 2 (B)  log sec 2 (C) log cot 2 (D) log tan 2
56. If log a b  log b c  log c a , then

(A) a  b  c (B) a  2 b  3c (C) a  b  c (D) none
57. Solve log 2x 2 x 2  1  2 .

(A) x  5 (B) x  1 (C) x  5 (D) x  2
 x2 
58. If log  3   1 and log x 2 y 3   7 then log xy is equal to _________.
 y 
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
log 9 36 4 /log 7 9
59. The value of 81(1 /log 5 3)  27 3 is equal to
(A) 45 (B) 990 (C) 1024 (D) 890
60. Solve the inequality log x1 x 2  2 x 

(A) x  1  2 ,  (B) x  1  2 , 0
(C) x  1  2 ,1  2  (D) x  1  2 ,0  1  2 , 
LOGARITHMS 49
61. Solve log 1 3 5x  1  0

1 2 1 2  2 3
(A)  ,  (B)  ,  (C)  ,  (D) none
 3 3  5 5 7 7 
62. If log 0.04 ( x  1)  log 0.2 ( x  1) then x belongs to the interval

(A) 1, 2  (B) , 2  (C)  2, (D) 1, 2 
1 
63. The complete set of real values of x for which log 1/2  log 2 x 2   0 is
2 
(A) 2,2 (B) 2,2 \ 0 (C) 0,2 (D) 1/2,2
64. The least value of the expression 2 log 10 x  log x 0.01 , for x  1 , is
(A) 10 (B) 2 (C) –0.01 (D) 4
65. The complete values of x which satisfies log 1 /2 x 2  3  0 is

(A) 2,2 (B) , 2 (C) 2, (D) , 2  2, 
66. If a  log 2 3 and b  log 1 2 5 then

(A) a  b (B) a  b (C) a  b (D) none
67. If log a x  k  log 2 x  k  and 0  a  1 , then x 

a
(A)  k  1,  (B)  k ,  (C)  k  1,  (D)  k  1, k  1
68. If log 4 3x 2  11x   1 , then the complete set of values of x is

 1  1
(A) x  4,  (B) x  4, 2 (C) x  4,  (D) x  4, 2 
 3  3 
1  1
69. If x  log 4 3   , y  log 1 2   , then
2  3
(A) x  y (B) x  y (C) x  y (D) x  y
70. Solve the inequality log 1 2 x  log 3 x  1

 log 2   log 2   log 3 
(A) x  3 3 ,  (B) x  3 2 3 ,  (C) x  3 2 ,  (D) none
     
71. Which of the following interval of ‘x’ satisfies log 0.3 ( x  1)  log 0.09 ( x  1),
(A) 2, (B) (– 2, 2) (C) (0, 2) (D) ,0
72. The complete set of real values of x satisfying log 2 x  log x 2  2 is

(A) 0,1 (B) 1, (C) 1/2,1 (D) 2,
73. For 0  a  x , then the minimum value of the function log a x  log a a is
(A) 2 (B) 0 (C) – 1 (D) 3
50 LOGARITHMS
74. Find the set of all the solutions of the inequality log 1x x  2  1
(A) 1, 2 (B) 3, 4 (C) 2 (D) 
75. If x  log 5 1000 and y  log 7 2058 given that log 5  0.698 and log 7  0.845 , then
(A) x  y (B) x  y (C) x  y (D) none
76. The number of solution of log 2 ( x  5)  6  x is

(A) 2 (B) 0 (C) 3 (D) 1
77. If the roots of the equation x 2  4 x  log 2 a  0 are real, then

1 1 1 1
(A) a  (B) a  (C) a  (D) a 
2 8 16 4
78. If a, b, c are in G.P. then log a 10 , log b 10 , log c 10 are in

(A) A.P. (B) G.P. (C) H.P. (D) A.G.P.
79. If log 10 2  a , log 10 3  b and log 10 5  c then log 9 3 2 is

c 2a 6b a
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2a c c 6b
80. If ax  b y  c z  d w , then log a bcd 

1  1 1  1 1 1  yzw 1 1 1 
(A)    (B) x     (C) (D) x    
x  y w   y z w  x  y z w 
81. If log 30 3  a , log 30 5  b , then log 30 8 

(A) 3 1  a  b (B) a  b  1 (C) 5 1  a  b (D) 2  a  b  1
82. If x log 10 x
 log 10 x  1 , then
1
(A) 0  x  10 (B) 0  x  10 10 (C) 0  x  10 10 (D) 0  x  e
 1  x   2 x 
83. If f x  log   , then f  
1  x  1  x 2 
1
(A) f  x (B) 2 f x (C) f x (D) 4 f x
2
84. If log a x , log b x , log c x are in A.P. where x  1 , then c 2 

(A)  ab (B)  ac  (C)  ab (D)  ac 
log a b log a b log b a log b a
If x  y   121.xy and 2 log x  y   k  log x  log y , then k 

2
85.
log x log y log z

86. If  2  2 , then x ab  y bc  zca 
a  ab  b
2 2
b  bc  c 2
c  ca  a 2
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3
LOGARITHMS 51
5
The number of solution of the equations 2   2   ,
x y 2 y x 2
87.
2
log 10 2 x  y   log 10 12 x  6 y   1 are
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3
7 
log 5 7 log 5
7
88. The value of 5
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3
89. If x  log 0.1 .001 , y  log 9 81 , then x2 y

(A) 2 1 (B) 2 1 (C) 2 (D) 10
90. The solution of log x  2  log  27  x  2 is

(A) 22,27 (B) 2,7  (C) 2,7   22,27  (D) none
91. If log 3 x 3  x 2  x  1  log 3 x  1  log 3 x  1  2 then the value of x

(A) 1 (B) –1 (C) 10 (D) 5
92. The value of log log x 2   log log x is

(A) 2 (B) log x (C) 2 log x (D) log 2
1 1 1
93. If x a
 a1 a2 a3 ....an then   ...  is
log a1 x log a2 x log an x
1
(A) (B) a a (C) a (D) 0
a
94. The correct statement among the following is

(A) log 1  2  3  log 1  log 2  log 3 (B) log a  log b  log  a  b
(C) log a  log b  log  a  b (D) log a  2 log a
2
95. If log 4 5  a and log 5 6  b , then log 3 2 is

1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) 2 ab  1 (D)
2a  1 2b  1 2 ab  1
96. The value of log e tan 1  log e tan 2  log e tan 3  ...  log e tan 89 is
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3
1  1 1   x 
97. If f x  cos log x , then f    f     f    f xy  
 x   y  2   y 
 
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3
Solve the system of the equations  ax  by 

log a log b
98. ; blog x  alog y where a  0 , b  0 and
a  b , ab  1 .
1 1 1 1
(A) x   and y   (B) x  and y  
a b a b
1 1
(C) x  a and y  b (D) x  and y 
a b
52 LOGARITHMS
99. The root of the equation 49 x  9.7 x  14  0 which is less than 1 is

1
(A) log 2 7 (B) (C) log 7 2 (D) log 7 3
2
100. Solve log x 2.log 2 x 2  log 2 4x  1

 1

(A) x  2 2 ,   1, 2 2
 2
 
(B) x  2

2 1

,   1, 2
2
2

 1
(C) x  2 2 ,  (D) none
 2
101. Find 2 log 3 5  5log 3 2
1 1
102. Prove that log 10 2 lies between &
4 3
103. Prove that log 2 3 is an irrational number
log a log b log c

104. If   , prove that a a .b b .c c  1
bc c a ab
log x log y log z

105. If   , prove that x qr .y r  p .z pq  xyz
qr r  p pq
 7
106. If log 3 2,log 3  2 x  5 and log 3 2 x   are in A.P, then find the value of ' x '
 2
107. If log 12 27  a then find log 6 16
108. If log 30 3  a and log 530  b then find log 30 8
109. If log 12 18  a and log 24 54  b prove that ab  5 a  b  1
1 1 1
1log a x 1log a y 1log a z
110. If y  a and z  a then prove that x  a
111. If a8 b 9  1 then log b a7 b 10 is

17 19 17 19
(A) (B) (C) (D)
8 8 9 9
60 90
112. The value of  is
log 4 2000 log 5 2000
6 6
(A) 4 (B) 5 (C) 6 (D) 9
LOGARITHMS 53
ANSWERS & KEY
DAY–8
1. D 2. B 3. D 4. B 5. A
6. A 7. B 8. A 9. C 10. B
11. D 12. C 13. A 14. A 15. A
16. D 17. A 18. A 19. B 20. B
21. B 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. B
DAY–9
1. A 2. D 3. D 4. B 5. C
6. A 7. C 8. B 9. B 10. C
11. C 12. A 13. B 14. C 15. A
16. D 17. B 18. C 19. B 20. B
21. C 22. D 23. A 24. C 25. B
1. D 2. C 3. D 4. D 5. A
6. D 7. A 8. B 9. A 10. C
11. C 12. C 13. C 14. C 15. C
16. A 17. B 18. C 19. D 20. B
21. B 22. A 23. D 24. B 25. A
26. B 27. A 28. D 29. C 30. C
31. D 32. C 33. D 34. A 35. A
36. B 37. B 38. D 39. C 40. B
41. C 42. D 43. A 44. B 45. B
46. A 47. C 48. B 49. A 50. B
51. C 52. B 53. C 54. D 55. B
56. A 57. C 58. C 59. D 60. D
61. B 62. C 63. B 64. D 65. D
66. A 67. C 68. C 69. B 70. B
71. A 72. A 73. A 74. D 75. B
76. D 77. C 78. C 79. D 80. B
81. A 82. B 83. B 84. B 85. C
86. B 87. B 88. A 89. A 90. C
91. C 92. D 93. C 94. A 95. D
96. A 97. C 98. D 99. C 100. B
4  3  a
101. 0 106. 4 107. 108. 3 1  a  b  111. A
3a
112. B
QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
DAY–10
Quadratic Expression
A polynomial of the form ax  bx  c , where a, b, c are real or complex numbers and
2
a  0 , is called a quadratic expression in variable ' x ' .

A complex number ' k ' is said to be a zero of quadratic expression ax  bx  c if
2
ak2  bk  c  0
Quadratic equations in one variable
Any equation of the form ax  bx  c  0 where a, b, c are real or complex numbers and
2
a  0 is called a quadratic equation in the variable ' x ' . The numbers a, b, c are called coefficients of
the quadratic equation.
Solving Q.E and Relation between the Roots
Formula Method
To find roots of quadratic equation
Let ax  bx  c  0 is given quadratic equation. Then
2
4a2 x2  4abx  4ac  0 (by multiplying with 4a both sides)
2 ax  b  b 2  4 ac  2 ax  b   b 2  4 ac
2
b  b 2  4 ac
x
2a
 The roots of the quadratic equation
b  b 2  4 ac
ax2  bx  c  0 are
2a
b  b 2  4 ac b  b 2  4 ac
Let they are  ,  and assume   , 
2a 2a
b c
Then    ;  
a a


b
a
c
a
2
 
 ax 2  bx  c  a x 2  x    a x   x  = a  x   x  
 The quadratic equation having roots  ,  is x  x   0
or x 2     x    0 or x Sx  P  0
2
Where S  sum of roots, P  product of roots.

Note1 An equation of the form ax  bx  c  0 has more than two roots then it is an identity i.e.,
2
a  0, b  0, c  0 and it is true for all values of x

Note2 If   i is a root of real quadratic equation then   i is also a root.
Note3 If    is a root of rational quadratic equation then    is also a root where   k 2 .
55 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
Nature of roots:
For the quadratic equation ax  bx  c  0 , b  4ac is called the discriminant of the

2 2
quadratic equation denoted by D or  .
 D  b2  4ac
If a , b , c are real then the nature of roots of equation is as follows
If b  4ac  0 , then the roots of the equation are real and equal
2
1.
If b  4ac  0 , then the roots of the equation are real and distinct
2
2.
If b  4ac  0 , then the roots of the equation are non real conjugate complex numbers
2
3.
1. Roots of equation x 2  2 x  5  0 are

1 3 1 3
(A) 1  6 (B) 1  6 (C)   (D)  
2 2 2 2
2. Value of x such that x 2 3  x 1 3  2  0

(A) 8 (B) 64 (C) 8 (D) 64
3. Value of a such that '2' is one root of equation ax 2  2 x  24  0

(A) 6 (B) 4 (C) 5 (D) 7
4. Roots of the equation x 2  4 x  13  0 are

(A) 2  3i (B) 3  2i (C) 3  2i (D) 2  3i
5. One of the roots of equation x 4  5x 2  6  0 is

(A) 2 (B) 2 (C) 2 (D) 5
6. Quadratic equation whose roots are 2  3 , 2  3 is

(A) x 2  4 x  1  0 (B) x 2  4 x  1  0 (C) x 2  4 x  1  0 (D) x 2  4 x  1  0
7.  are roots of x 2  7 x  3  0 ,  ,  are roots of 3  7 x  x 2  0 then

              
(A) 49 (B) 9 (C) 49 (D) 9
Use the following information to solve Q. 8, 9, 10, 11, 12
  are roots of equation x 2  2 x  4  0 then
1 1
8.  
 
1 3 3 1
(A) (B) (C)  (D) 
2 2 2 2
9. 6  6   
(A) 25 (B) 52 (C) 55 (D) 22
QUADRATIC EQUATIONS 56
 1 1
10.  
 
1 3 3 1
(A) (B) (C)  (D) 
2 2 2 2
11. Equation whose roots are 2   ,   2 is
(A) x 2  6 x  12  0 (B) x 2  6 x  12  0 (C) x 2  6 x  12  0 (D) x 2  6 x  12  0
12.  4  4 
(A) 16 (B) 16 (C) 32 (D) 32
13. If  , 2 are roots of equations x 2  3x  2  0 then  2  3 

(A) 1 (B) 0 (C) 2 (D) 2
14. If 2, 3 are roots of ax 2  bx  1  0 then a  b 

2 3 2 3
(A)  (B) (C)  (D) 
3 2 3 2
15. The roots of equation 2 x 2  x  3  0 are
(A) real and distinct (B) real and equal
(C) non-real (D) integers
1 1
16.  and  are roots of x 2  x  1  0 then equation whose roots are   ,   is
 
(A) x 2  2 x  4  0 (B) x 2  x  2  0 (C) x 2  2 x  4  0 (D) x 2  x  2  0
x  bx  c  x  c  x  a x  ax  b
17. The equation    1 has
 a  b a  c  b  c b  a c  ac  b
(A) no real solution (B) two real solution
(C) two equal roots (D) infinitely many solutions
18. Roots of the equation x  1x  4  20  0 are

5  89 5  89 3  19 3  19
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 2 2 2
19. If 2  3 is one root of equation x 2  bx  c  0 where b, c are integers then b  c 
(A) 5 (B) 4 (C) 3 (D) 6
20. If ax 2  bx  c  0 has imaginary roots and a  c  b then which of the following always
true.
(A) 4 a  c  2 b (B) 4 a  c  2 b (C) a  c  2 b (D) a  c  2b
1 1 1
21. If  and  are roots of ax 2  bx  c  0 then the equation whose roots are ,  is
  
(A) abx 2   a  b x  bc  0 (B) bcx 2  a  b x  ab  0
(C) abx 2   a  b x  bc  0 (D) bcx 2  b  a x  ab  0
22. If one root of x 2  x  k  0 is square of the other then the value of k is

(A) 5  2 (B) 5  2 (C) 2  5 (D) 2  5
 1 
2
 1
23. Values of ' x ' satisfying equation 2 x    7 x    5  0

 x   x
 1  3i 1  2 i 1  2i  1  3i
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 2 2 2
24. The equations  ax 2  bx  c  ax 2  bx  c   0 has

(A) atleast two imaginary roots (B) atleast real roots
(C) exactly two real roots (D) exactly four real roots
25. If a  b  c  0 , then roots of the equation 4 ax 2  3bx  2c  0  a  0 are

(A) real and equal (B) non-reals
(C) real and distinct (D) real and always rational
DAY–11
Graph & Sign changes of a Quadratic Expression
The graph of y  ax 2  bx  c is as follows
(i) a  0, D  0 (ii) a  0, D 0
(iii) a  0, D  0 (iv) a  0, D  0
(v) a  0, D  0 (vi) a  0, D  0
 b 4 ac  b2 
The value of V in each figure is 
 2 a , 4a 

 
1. If the roots of equation x 2  x  a  0 and 2 x 2  3x  a  0 are real then a can be

(A) 3 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 0
2. No real value of ' x ' satisfy the equation 3x 2  4x  2 a  0 then a2 

4 4
(A) (B)  (C) 0 (D) 1
9 9
3. If the roots of equation x 2  x  a  0 are real then ' a ' can’t be equal to _____
1 1 1
(A) 0 (B) (C)  (D)
4 4 2
4. If the equation bx 2  x  2  0 have no real roots then the value of ' b ' can be
1 1
(A) 0 (B)  (C) 1 (D)
8 8
5. The equation x 2  mx  4  0 has equal roots then m 

(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 3 (D) 4
6. If x 2  7 x  10  0 then x can’t take the value

(A) 1.2 (B) 3.7 (C) 4.2 (D) 4.9
7. The roots of x 2  2 x  3 a  0 are imaginary then least integral value of a is

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 1 (D) 2
8. The expression x 2  5x  4 is
(A) always positive (B) always negative
(C) negative in an interval (D) positive in an interval
9. The expression 15  4 x  3x 2 is
(A) always positive (B) always negative
(C) negative in an interval (D) positive in an interval
10. Minimum value of expression x 2  2 x  17

(A) 18 (B) 18 (C) 19 (D) 17
11. Maximum value of expression 3x  x 2  10

(A) 10 (B) 7.75 (C) 7.75 (D) 10
12. x 2  4  0 then exhaustive set of values of x

(A) x  2,2  (B) 2, 2  (C)  , 2  (D)  2, 
13. The minimum value for the expression 2 x 2  7 x  21 attains at x 

7 7
(A)  (B) 7 (C) 7 (D) 
2 2
14. Maximum value of expression 3x 2  7 x  18 is

265 265
(A) 18 (B) (C)  (D) none of the above
12 12
15. Set of values of x such that 9  x 2  0

(A) , 2  (B) 2,  (C) 3, 3  (D)  , 3    3, 
16. The equation x 2  2 1  3m x  7 3  2 m  0 has equal roots then m 

10
(A) 3 (B) 2 (C)  (D) 3
9
17. The equation x  ax  b  x  bx  c   x  c x  a  0 has

(A) real and always equal roots (B) real and always distinct roots
(C) real and may be distinct roots (D) non real roots
33
18. If the maximum value of expression x 2  x  b is at x  a then b  2 a 
4
(A) 8 (B) 10 (C) 9 (D) 7
19. The equation x  px  q    x  q x  z  x  r x  p  0 has equal roots if and only if
(A) p  q  r (B) p  q  r (C) p  q  r (D) p  q  r
20. The least integer satisfying the inequality a2  8 a  15  0

(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 5 (D) 2
21. If the roots of a b  c  x 2  b c  a x  c  a  b  0 are equal then

2 1 1 1 2 ac
(A) b  (B) 2 b  (C)   (D)  2b
ac 1 1
 a c b ac
a c
22. The roots of x 2  8x  a 2  6 a  0 are real then the range of ' a ' is
(A) 1,7  (B) 2,8 (C) 3,9 (D) 1,9
1
23. I. x 2  x  a  0 is true if a  
4
II. x  ax  1  0 is true if a  2
2
(A) both I, II are true (B) both I, II are false

(C) I is true, II is false (D) II is true, I is false
24. If p , q , r , s are real numbers and pr  2 q  s then atleast one of the equations
x 2  px  q  0 , x 2  qx  s  0 has
(A) always equal roots (B) imaginary roots
(C) real roots (D) none of the above
25. The number of integers which satisfies the inequality 16  3x 2  9 x  0

(A) 4 (B) 5 (C) 6 (D) 7
ANSWERS & KEY
DAY 10
1. B 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. C
6. B 7. C 8. D 9. B 10. C
11. A 12. B 13. C 14. A 15. A
16. A 17. D 18. B 19. B 20. A
21. B 22. D 23. D 24. B 25. C
DAY 11
1. D 2. C 3. D 4. C 5. D
6. A 7. C 8. C 9. B 10. B
11. C 12. B 13. D 14. D 15. D
16. C 17. C 18. C 19. A 20. B
21. C 22. B 23. B 24. C 25. C
MODULUS, STEP & FRACTIONAL PART
DAY 12
Modulus or Absolute value of a real number

 x , if x  0
For any x   , the modulus (absolute) of x denoted by x defined as x  
x , if x  0
Ex-1: 5  5 , 6  6 8.3  8.3, 9.4  9.4

On real number line the modulus or absolute value of ' x ' denotes the distance from 0 (zero)
to ' x ' . Similarly x1  x2 denotes, the distance between the numbers x1 and x2 on the real
number line.
Ex-2: Solve x  1  x  3  8
Sol. Case (i) x  3
Then equation becomes x  1  x  3  8  x  5
Case (ii) x  1,3
Then x  1  x  1, x  3   x  3
Given equation becomes x  1  x  3  8
 4  8 , a contradiction
 No value of x  1,3 satisfies

Case (iii) x  1
Then x  1  x  1 , x  3   x  3
Given equation becomes x  1  x  3  8
 x  3
 The solution set is x  3,5
Ex-3. Solve x  1  x  3  4
Sol. x  1 denotes the distance from –1 to x
x  3 denotes the distance from 3 to x
 x  1  x  3 denotes the sum of the distances from 1 and 3 to x

On the real number line for all the points between –1 and 3 (including both) the sum of the
distance is 4 only
 x  1,3
Ex-4. Solve x  1  x  3  2
Sol. As above x   , because there is no point on real line such that the sum of distance from –1
and 3 to x is 2.
62 MODULUS, STEP & FRACTIONAL PART
General Results on Modulus
1. For any real number x , x2  x

2. For a  0
(i) x  a  a  x  a
(ii) x  a  x  (, a]  [ a, )
(iii) a  x  b  x  b , a   a , b 

3. For a  0
(i) x a  x (ii) x a  x
4. x  y  x  y  xy  0
5. x  y  x  y  xy  0
6. (i) x  y  x  y (ii) x  y  x  y
Graph of x
The graph of y  x is as shown in the figure

Y
y x y x
O X
EXERCISE
1. The set of real values of x satisfying |x – 1| ≤ 3 and |x – 1|  1 is

(A) [2, 4] (B) (-, 2]  [4, +)
(C) [-2, 0]  [2, 4] (D) none of these
2. The set of real values of x satisfying |x  1|1  1 is

(A) [-1, 3] (B) [0, 2] (D) [-1, 1] (D) none of these
x1 ( x  1)2
3. The solution set of + |x + 1| = is
x |x|
(A) { x| x  0} (B) { x| x > 0}  {-1}
(C) {-1, 1} (D) { x| x  1 or x ≤ -1}
4. If  x  1 x  2  0 then x 
(A) ,  (B) ,   1, 2
(C)  (D) None of these
MODULUS, STEP & FRACTIONAL PART 63
5. Number of integral values of ‘x’ which satisfies the inequality 3x  2  0
6. Solution of 3  x  x  3 is
(A) x  3 (B) x  3 (C) x  3 (D) x  3
7. Solution of 2 x  3  x  2 is
(A) ,1/3 (B) 1/3, 5 (C) 5, (D) , 1/3   5, 
3
8. Solution of 1   2 is
x
(A) (0, 3] (B) [1,0) (C) 1,0  0, 3 (D) None of these
9. If x  3  x  2  1 , then the complete solution set is

(A)  2, 3 (B) 2, 3 (C)  2, 3 (D) 2, 3
x
10. If  2 , then x does not belongs to
x2
(A) x  [4/3, 2) only (B) x  (2, 4] only (C) both (A) and (B) (D) none of these
11. Solution of 2  x  4  5
(A)  , 1 (B) 1, 2   6,9  (C) 10, (D) , 
12. Solution of 3  x  2  4
(A) 6, 2  (B) 6,9  (C)  4, (D) , 
13. Number of solutions of x 2  7 x  10  0 is

14. |x – 1| + |x + 3| + |x – 5| = k. If the equation has only one solution k 

(A) 0 (B) 2 (C) 4 (D) 8
15. The least positive integer satisfying |x| – |x – 2| = 2 is

(A) 0 (B) 2 (C) 4 (D) 8
16. The number of integers satisfying x  4  x  6  10 is

(A) 10 (B) 11 (C) 12 (D) 13
17. The number of integers satisfying x  2  x  7  4

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3
18. The value of x satisfying x  1  x  3  x  6  2 is

(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
19. The Number of negative real numbers of x satisfying x  2  3 x  1  8

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3
20. The values of x satisfying x  1  2 x  2  3 x  3  15 are  a , b where a  0 . Then the

value of a  b is
(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 5 (D) 6
21. x 1  x 4 8
(A) 6.5,1.5 (B) 6.5,1.5 (C)  6.5,1.5  (D) NOT
22. x  2  x  4  10
(A) , 4    6,  (B)  , 4 
(C)  6, (D) NOT
23. x 1  x 5 2
(A)  (B) 4,  (C) 4,   (D) 4, 4
24. 2x  1  x  3
2 2 2
(A) 4 (B)  (C) 4,  (D) 3, 
3 3 3
25. x 1  x  x  1  x  2
(A) 0,5 (B) 0,1 (C)  0,1 (D)  0,1
DAY 13
Greatest Integer Function or Step function

The greatest integer function of x is denoted by  x is defined as the greatest integer less
than or equal to ' x ' .
Examples:
1.  5.8  5 2. 3.1  4 3. 7   7
4. 6  6 5.  2  1 6.  4
 
Properties of  x
(i)  x  x   x   1 (ii) x  1 x  x
 0 if x    2 x if x  
(iii)  x   x    (iv)  x   x   
 1 if x   2  x   1 if x  
x  x  1
(v) x      
 2   2 
 n  1  n  2   n  4
(vi)      ......  n , n  
 2   4   8 
 1  2  n  1
(vii)  x    x     x    ......  x     nx  , n  
 n   n   n 
(viii) (a)  x   n  x  [n  1, ), n   (b)  x  n  x  [n, ), n  
(ix) (a)  x   n  x  , n , n   (b)  x  n  x  , n  1 , n  
(x)  x  n   x   n  n  
Graph of y   x  is as shown in the figure
Fractional part function

The fractional part function of x is denoted by x and defined as x  x  x
Ex: 2.3  0.3
2.6  0.4
Properties
(i) x  x , if 0  x  1 (ii) x  0 , if x  
(iii) x  1  x , if x   (iv) x  n  x , n  
Graph of x
The graph of x is as shown in the figure
EXERCISE
Find the values of the following
1.  5.7   8.2 
(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 5 (D) 6
2.  4.6   6.4
(A) 10 (B) 9 (C) 11 (D) 12
3.  2    2 
   
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 2 (D) 1
4.   
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 0 (D) 1
5.  3.4   3.4
(A) 3.4 (B) 5 (C) 3 (D) 6
6.  2.7   2.7 
(A) 2 (B) 1.3 (C) 1 (D) 0
7.  x  2    x  3  23 then find x
(A) 9,10 (B)  9,10  (C) 9,10 (D) 9, 10 
8.  x  4  x  5  45 then find x
(A) 39 (B) 40 (C) 42 (D) 41
9. If 2   x   3 then find x
(A)  2, 4 (B)  2, 4  (C)  2,3 (D)  2, 3
10. Solve 4 x  x   x 

5 5
0, (C) (D) none
(A) 0 (B) 3 3
2020
x  k
11. Find the value of  x    2020
where   ,   denotes the GIF, FPF respectively.
k 1
(A) x (B) 0 (C) x  1 (D) x
12. If x and y satisfy the equations y  2  x   3 and y  3  x  2  then  x  y  is

(A) 21 (B) 9 (C) 30 (D) 12
If  x   3 x   2  0 , then x 
2
13.
(A) (1, 3) (B) (0, 3) (C) [1, 3) (D) [0, 3]
14. The number of real values of x satisfying  x  x   5 is

(A) 2 (B) 0 (C) 3 (D) 1
If  x   4 , then which of the following is not possible value for x

2
15.
(A) 2 (B) -2 (C) 2.4 (D) -2.01
16. If  x   4 , then sum of possible integer values of x satisfying the equation is

(A) 8 (B) 0 (C) -6 (D) 9
17. If  x   x , then the number values of x satisfying the equation is

(A) 1 (B) 0 (C) 2 (D) infinite
 1 1 1 1 
18. The value of      
 1  2 2 3 3 4 8  9 
(A) 1 (B) 0 (C) 2 (D) –1
19. 21  61  121  201  ....  1561  

(A) 0 (B) 12/13 (C) 1/13 (D) 1/12
 
 
 
 1 
20. The value of  1   is
 1 
 1 
 1
 1 
 9
(A) 1 (B) 0 (C) 2 (D) –1
21. If 4 x   3  1 , then x can be

(A) 2 (B) 0 (C) 1 (D) –1
22. Number of integral solutions of  x    y   x  y is

(A) 2 (B) 0 (C) 5 (D) 4
If g x   x 2    x  and x   0,2  , then set of values of g  x  

2
23.
 
(A) 1,0 (B) 1,0,1 (C) 0 (D) 0,1, 2
24. If f x  x  x  1  x  2  x  99 , Then  f  2  

 
(A) 40 (B) 41 (C) 39 (D) 42
 1  1 1  1 2  1 3   1 119 
25. The value of                is
 6   6 120   6 120   6 120   6 120 
(A) 21 (B) 23 (C) 22 (D) 20
Single Correct
The solution set of x   x  1  25 , where x is the least integer greater than or equal
2 2
1.
to x , is
(A) (2, 4) (B) (-5, -4]  (2, 3] (C) [-4, -3)  [3, 4) (D) none of these
2. The complete solution of the equation 100x – 100[x] = 1, where [ . ] = the greatest integer less
than or equal to x, are –
1 1
(A) x  n  ;n  N (B) x  n  ;n  N
100 100
1
(C) x  n  ;n  I (D) n  x  n  1, n  I
100
3. If  x 2   4 , then which of the following is not possible value for x

 
(A) 2 (B) -2 (C) 2.4 (D) –2.01
Find the values of the problems.

4. 1.9   1.9
5.  3.5  3.5
6. 4.7   4.7 
7. 8.3  8.3
Numerical:
Here   &   represents greatest integer and fractional part.
8. The value of  1    2    3    10  is
       
9. The value of  1  2   10   1  2  10 2  is
 2 2
 
 3 1
10. If x  2  3 , then  x  3  is
3
 x 
Subjective:
11. If 2   x   3 then find x
12. Solve 4 x  x   x 
2020
x  k 
13. Find the value of  x    2020
where   ,   denotes the GIF, FPF respectively.
k1
14. If  x    x  1   x  2   ........ x  n   n  1 x   k , then find ' k ' .
15. Let x be a positive number.  x  denotes integer part and x decimal part of x
respectively. Find the sum of all positive numbers satisfying 5 x  0.2  x   25 .
16. x 2 17. x  5
18. x 3 19. x 4
20. x 6 21. x 1
22. x3 7 23. x2 5
24. x 1  3 25. x  3  x  5  12
26. x  4  x  6  10 27. x 2  x 7  4
28. x  1  x  3  x  6  12 29. x2  3 x 1  8
30. x  1  2 x  2  3 x  3  15 31. x 1  x  4 8
32. x  2  x  4  10 33. x 1  x 5 2
34. 2x  1  x  3 35. x1  x  x 1  x  2
36. 2  x4 5 37. 3  x  2  4
38. x2 1  3
39. Prove that a  b  a  b and equality holds only when ab  0
40. Prove that a  b  a  b and equality holds only when ab  0
ANSWERS & KEY
DAY-12
1. C 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. C
6. C 7. B 8. C 9. A 10. D
11. B 12. A 13. A 14. D 15. B
16. B 17. A 18. B 19. B 20. B
21. B 22. A 23. B 24. C
25. AD
DAY-13
1. B 2. C 3. D 4. A 5. A
6. B 7. C 8. D 9. A 10. B
11. D 12. C 13. C 14. B 15. D
16. B 17. A 18. C 19. B 20. A
21. A 22. A 23. D 24. B 25. D
1. B 2. C 3. C 4. 1.1 5. 2.5
6. 4.7 7. 9.7 8. 19 9. 55 10. 4
5 n  n  1
11.  2, 4 12. 0, 13. x 14.
3 2
15. 2837 16. 2 17. 
18. 3, 3 19. , 4   4,  20. 
21.  22. 10, 4 23. 3,7 
24. , 2    4,  25. 2,10 26. 6, 4
16 9 3
27.  28. 29.  ,
3 4 2
29 1
30.  , 31. 6.5, 1.5 32. , 4  6, 
6 6
2
33. 4,  34. 4,  35. 0,1
3
36. 1, 2   6,9  37. 6,2  38. , 2   6, 

Mathematics Material 2023-2024: KKP / Myp Centre

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Mathematics Material 2023-2024: KKP / Myp Centre

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

` KKP / MYP CE NTRE

2. SETS & RELATIONS 7 TO 18

6. MODULUS, STEP, FRACTIONAL 61 TO 69

The Set of Natural Numbers

The Set of Whole Numbers

The Set of Real Numbers

The set of all real numbers can be denoted by , 

1. The value of x satisfying the equation 3x  7  5

4. If 16  x 2  25 then find the interval in which x lies.

6. If x  6, 3 then find the interval in which x 2 lies.

MAINS LEVEL QUESTIONS

ADVANCED LEVEL QUESTIONS

(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 5 (D) 6

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) Infinite

(A) p is even number (B) s divides p

(C) q 2 divides p (D) If s divides p then s is perfect square

ANSWERS & KEY

DAY–3 & 4 (THEORY)

In other words, n A stands for number of elements in a finite set A .

For example A  a, e , i , o , u then n A  5

B  { x / x is single digit natural number} then nB  9

AB  x / x  A and x  B or x  A and x  B

viii) n  A ' B '  n A  B'  nU   n  A  B

ix) n  A ' B '  n A  B'  nU   n  A  B

BASIC LEVEL QUESTIONS

(A) a , b (B) , a , b , a, b

(C)  , a , b , A (D) none of these

11. The number of elements in the set P P  P   is

(A) 0 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

If A and B are two sets then A   A  B is equal to

(A)  (B) A (C) B (D) A  BC

MAINS LEVEL QUESTIONS

(A) R  x , y  : 0  x  a , 0  y  b (B) R  x , y  : 0  x  a , 0  y  b

(C) R  x , y  : 0  x  a , 0  y  b (D) R  x , y  : 0  x  a , 0  y  b

ADVANCED LEVEL QUESTIONS

21. If X  8n  7 n  1 n  N  and Y  49n  49 n  N  . Then

(A) X  Y (B) Y  X (C) X  Y (D) X  Y  

BASIC LEVEL QUESTIONS

1. If A  2, 3, 4, 5, 7 , B  1, 2, 4, 7, 9 then  A  B  B  A  A is equal to

3. If A  x : x  R and satisfy x 2  5x  56  0 , B  x : x  N and x  5  14 ,

9. If A  3n : n  N , n  6 , B  9 n : n  N , n  4 the which of the following is false?

(A) A  B  6, 5, 61 (B) A  B  3, 27, 243

10. If the number of elements in  A  B  C , B  C   A , C  A  B and A  B  C is 10, 15,

B   a , b : a  b , a , b  z then number of elements in A  B is ______

MAINS LEVEL QUESTIONS

18. The set  A  B  C    A  B  C   C is equal to

(A) B  C (B) A  C (C) B  C (D) None

(A) 8 (B) 9 (C) 10 (D) 11

21. If A, B, C are three non-empty sets such that A  B   , B  C   , then

II.  A  B   A  B  C    A   B  C  which of the above of statements is/are correct?

1. If a  ax : x   and b  c  d , where b , c   are relatively prime, then

Ai ’s and exactly 9 of the Bi ’s . Then n is equal to

(A) A  B  A (B) A  B  B (C) A  B   (D) None of these

23. Prove that  A  B  B  C   A  B

29. Let A  n  N : n is a 3 digit number  , B  9K  2 : K  N  and C  9K  ℓ : K  N  for

ANSWERS & KEY

Arithmetic Progression (A.P)

Sum of ‘n’ terms of an A.P

Arithmetic Means (A.M’s)

BASIC LEVEL QUESTIONS

MAINS LEVEL QUESTIONS

ADVANCED LEVEL QUESTIONS