FLOW THROUGH OPEN CHANNEL

HYDRAULICS
Definition: An open channel is a passage in which liquid flows with a free surface, open
channel flow has uniform atmospheric pressure exerted on its surface and is produced
under the action of fluid weight. It is more difficult to analyse open channel flow due to
its free surface. Flow is an open channel is essentially governed by Gravity force apart
from inertia and viscous forces.

The flow in channel may be (1)steady , inform or non-uniform and (2)Unsteady , inform
or non-uniform

Flow Through Pipe Flow Through Channel

(i)The flow is mainly laminar. (i)The flow is turbulent.

(ii)The top surface of flow is not open. (ii)The top surface of flow is open the
atmosphere.

(iii)At the top surface of flow the pressure

(iii)At the top surface of flow the pressure
is atmospheric.
is other than the atmospheric pressure.
(iv)The flow is due to gravitational force
(iv)The flow is due to difference in head
due to slope of the bed channel in the
between two sections.
direction of flow,
(v)The roughness of the pipe depends
(v)The roughness of channel depends
upon the new or old pipe.
upon the materials used in the
(vi)The top surface of flow does not construction of channel like cement,
indicate the H.G.L. concrete, bricks, earth etc

(vii)The pipeline may be up or down as (vi)The top surface of water in channel

per the topography of area. indicates H.G.L.

(viii)The c/s of pipe is normally circular.. (vii)The slope of canal bed is always in
the direction of flow.
(ix)Darcy-weishbad equation is used
(viii)The c/s of canal is normally
4𝑓 𝐿 𝑉 2 trapezoidal.
ℎ𝑓 =
2𝑔𝐷 (ix) Chezy’s equation,Q=C√𝑚 𝑖
(x)Maximum velocity of flow is at the (x)Maximum velocity of flow is slightly
middle of the cross-section of pipe. below the free surface of water.

'PARSHVA CLASSES', Khatri Pole, Behind Jubilee Baug, Baroda-1, Ph. 2432603 (September 17)
[1]
DISCHARGE THROUGH OPEN CHANNEL BY CHEZY’S FORMULA

'PARSHVA CLASSES', Khatri Pole, Behind Jubilee Baug, Baroda-1, Ph. 2432603 (September 17)
[2]
IMPERICAL EQUATION FOR CHEZY’S CONSTANT

'PARSHVA CLASSES', Khatri Pole, Behind Jubilee Baug, Baroda-1, Ph. 2432603 (September 17)
[3]
CHANNELS OF MOST ECONOMICAL CROSS-SECTIONS
A channel, which gives maximum discharge for a given cross-sectional area and bed
slope is called a channel of most economical cross-section.
In other words, a channel which involves least amount of excavation for a designed
amount of discharge, is called most economical cross-section.
A channel of most economical cross-section is sometimes, also defined as a channel
which has a minimum wetted perimeter; so that there is minimum resistance to flow
and thus resulting in a maximum discharge.
(a) Conditions for Most-economical Rectangular section :

'PARSHVA CLASSES', Khatri Pole, Behind Jubilee Baug, Baroda-1, Ph. 2432603 (September 17)
[4]
(b)Most economical trapezoidal section

'PARSHVA CLASSES', Khatri Pole, Behind Jubilee Baug, Baroda-1, Ph. 2432603 (September 17)
[5]
'PARSHVA CLASSES', Khatri Pole, Behind Jubilee Baug, Baroda-1, Ph. 2432603 (September 17)
[6]