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Fe e
e e I
G
H2 ,
2 JK
i.e., (cosh , sinh ). It
(v) cosech x
means that the relation which exists amongst
cos , sin and unit circle, that relation also
exist amongst cosh , sinh and unit
Hyperbola. Because of this reason these
functions are called as Hyperbolic Functions.
(vi) sech x C. Expansion Formulae:
(i) sinh (x y) = sinh x cosh y cosh x sinh y
(ii) cosh (x y) = cosh x cosh y sinh x sinh y
tanh x tanh y
(iii) tanh (x y) =
1 tanh x tanh y
xy xy
D. (i) sinh x + sinh y = 2 sinh cosh
2 2
xy xy
(ii) sinh x – sinh y = 2 cosh sinh
2 2
xy xy
4. DOMAIN & RANGE OF HYPERBOLIC (iii) cosh x + cosh y = 2 cosh cosh
2 2
FUNCTIONS
xy xy
Let x is any real number. (iv) cosh x – cosh y = 2 sinh sinh
2 2
Function Domain Range E. (i) 2 sinh x cosh y = sinh (x + y) + sinh (x – y)
sinh x R R (ii) 2 cosh x sinh y = sinh (x + y) – sinh (x – y)
cosh x R [1, ) (iii) 2 cosh x cosh y = cosh (x+ y) + cosh (x – y)
tanh x R (– 1,1) (iv) 2 sinh x sinh y = cosh (x + y) – cosh (x – y)
coth x R0 R– [–1,1] F. (i) sinh 2x = 2 sinh x cosh x
cosech x R0 R0 2 tanh x
=
sech x R (0,1] 1 tanh 2 x
(ii) cosh 2x = cosh2 x + sinh2 x
= 2 cosh2 x– 1
5. FORMULAE FOR HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS
1 tanh 2 x
The following formulae can easily be established = 1 + 2 sinh2 x =
directly from above definitions- 1 tanh2 x
(iii) 2 cosh2 x = cosh 2x + 1
A. Reciprocal Formulae :
(iv) 2 sinh2 x = cosh 2x – 1
1 2 tanh x
(i) cosech x = (v) tanh 2x =
sinh x 1 tanh2 x
G. (i) sinh 3x = 3 sinh x + 4 sinh3 x
1
(ii) sech x = (ii) cosh 3x = 4 cosh3 x – 3 cosh x
cosh x
3 tanh x tanh 3 x
1 (iii) tanh 3x =
1 3 tanh 2 x
(iii) coth x =
tanh x H. (i) cosh x + sinh x = ex
(ii) cosh x – sinh x = e–x
sinh x
(iv) tanh x = (iii) (cosh x + sinh x)n = cosh nx + sinh nx
cosh x
Examples
cosh x based on Formulae For Hyperbolic Functions
(v) coth x =
sinh x
Ex.1 cosh 2 – cosh 2 is equal to-
B. Square Formulae :
(A) 2 sinh ( + ) sin ( – )
(i) cosh2 x – sinh2 x = 1
(B) 2 sinh ( + ) sinh ( – )
(ii) sech2 x + tanh2 x = 1
(iii) coth2 x – cosech2 x = 1 (C) 2 cosh ( + ) cos ( – )
(iv) cosh2 x + sinh2 x = cosh 2x (D) cosh ( + ) cosh ( – )
Sol. Since cosh x – cosh y
ex ex x2 x4 x6
xy xy (ii) cosh x = =1+ + + +...
= 2sinh sinh 2 2! 4! 6!
2 2
ex exx3 17 7
cosh 2 – cosh 2 (iii) tanh x = x x
+ 2x5 –
=x – x +...
e e 3 315
2 2 2 2 The expansion of coth x, cosech x does not
= 2 sinh sinh
2 2 exist because coth (0) = , cosech (o) =
b gsinh b g Ans. [B]
= 2 sinh
8. RELATION BETWEEN HYPERBOLIC AND
Ex.2 If cosec x = coth y, then the value of tan x CIRCULAR FUNCTIONS
is-
We have from Euler formulae
(A) tanh y (B) sinh y
eix= cos x + i sin x ...(1)
(C) cosech y (D) cosh y
and e–ix= cos x – i sin x ...(2)
Sol. cosec x = coth y
adding (1) & (2)
sin x = tanh y
eix e ix
sin x tanh y cos x =
Again tan x = = 2
1 sin x2
1 tanh 2 y Subtracting (2) from (1)
e ix e ix
tanh y sin x =
= = sinh y Ans.[B] 2i
sec h y Replacing x by ix in these values, we get
For obtaining any formula given in (5)th article, 9. PERIOD OF HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS
use the f ollowing substitutions in the
If for any function f(x) , f(x + T) = f(x) , then f(x)
corresponding formula for trigonometric functions.
is called the periodic function and least positive
sin x i sinh x, cos x cosh x, value of T is called the period of the function.
tan x i tanh x
sinh x = sinh (2 i + x)
sin2 x – sinh2 x, cos2 x cosh2 x,
cosh x = cosh (2 i + x)
tan2 x – tanh2 x
and tanh x = tanh ( i + x)
For example : Therefore, the period of these functions are 2 i,
(i) For finding out the formula for cosh 2x in 2 i and i respectively. Also periods of cosech
terms of tanh x, replace tan x by i tanh x x, sech x and coth x are 2 i, 2 i and i
and tan2 x by – tanh2 x in the following respectively.
formula of trigonometric function of cos 2x :
Note :
1 tan2 x
cos 2x = Hyperbolic functions are neither periodic functions
1 tan2 x nor their curves are periodic, but they show the
We get algebraic properties of periodic functions and
having imaginary period.
1 tanh2 x
cosh 2x =
1 tanh2 x Examples
based on Period of Hyperbolic Functions
Examples Relation between Hyperbolic and
based on Circular Functions Ex.7 The period of cosh is -
3
F
GI
(A) 6i (B) 2i (C) i (D) 9i
Ex.4 sinh
H6 iJKis equal to- Sol. Since the period of cosh is 2i so the
i i 3 3 period of cosh is 3. 2i = 6i .
(A) – (B) (C) i (D) – i 3
2 2 2 2
Ans.[A]
10. INVERSE HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS
sinh–1 x = cosh–1 1 x2
Definition : If sinh y = x, then y is called the
inverse Hyperbolic sine of x and it is written sinh y sinh y
as y = sinh–1 x. Similarly cosech–1 x, cosh–1x, (iii) tanh y = =
cosh y 1 sinh 2 y
tanh–1 x etc. can be defined.
x x
10.1 Domain and range of Inverse Hyperbolic = y = tanh–1
Function : 1 x2 1 x2
y = log ( x+
e j
(A) log 2 3 e j
(B) log 2 3
x2 1 )
(C) log e
1 3 j (D) log e
1 3 j
sinh–1 x = log ( x + x2 1 ) Sol. We know sech–1 (1/2) = cosh– 1 2
By the above method we can obtain the following
relations between inverse hyperbolic functions = log (2+ 4 1 )
and principal values of logarithmic functions : ( cosh–1x = log ( x+ x2 1 )
(i) sinh–1 x = log ( x+ x2 1 ) = log ( 2+ 3) Ans.[B]
(– < x < )
2 2
1 1 tan x / 2 1 tan x / 2
=
2 1 tan x / 2 1 tan x / 2
1
2 1 tan 2 x / 2
=
1
= 2
2 1 tan x / 2 cos x
1
Now cos x. cosh v = cos x. = 1.
cos x
Ans. [C]
SOLVED EXAMPLES
F
G1 tanh I
5 cot x = cosech y
Ex.1
H1 tanh JK is equal to - tan x = sinh y
Ans.[B]
(A) e10 (B) e5 (C) 1 (D) – 1
F1 e e I5 Ex.6 b g
tanh is equal to -
F1 tanh I G e e
5 JJ tanh tanh tan tan
= G
Sol. G J
H1 tanh K G e e
JJ
(A)
1 tanh .tanh
(B)
1 tan . tan
G
H1 e e K tanh tanh tanh tanh
(C) (D)
1 tanh tanh 1 tanh .tanh
Fe e e e I
5
= G
He e e e JK
Sol. b g
tan i i =
tan(i ) tan(i )
1 tan(i ). tan(i )
F2e I
5
i tanh i tanh
= G J = e
5
H2e K e j = e =
2
10 Ans.[A] 1 i2 tanh .tanh
F
G tanh tanh I
Ex.2 The value of cosh 2x is - H1 tanh .tanh JKi
=
x tanh y
2 = = sinh y
1 x sec h y
Ex.12 tanh–1 x is equal to -
1 Fx I
(A) cosh–1
x
2
(B) cosh–1
1 x2
sinh–1 G
H1 x JK= sinh
2
–1 ( sinh y)
1 x
= y = tanh–1 (x) Ans.[A]
1 x
(C) sinh–1 (D) sinh–1
1 x2 1 x2 Ex.15 If cos cosh = 1, then is equal to -
Sol. Let tanh–1 x = tanh = x (A) log sec /2
x tanh (B) log tan
2
= (C) log (sec + tan )
1 x 1 tanh 2
(D) log sin /2
sinh / cosh
= = sinh Sol. cos cosh = 1 cosh = sec
sec h
x = cosh–1 (sec )
= sinh–1 Ans.[D]
1 x2 = log (sec + sec 2 1 )
= log ( sec + tan )
Ex.13 2 sinh–1 ( ) is equal to- Ans.[C]
F IK
(A) sinh–1 2 1 2 (B) sinh–1 2 1 2
H F
H IK
(C) sinh–1 F
H 1 2 IK(D) None of these
Ex.16 If tan (x/2) coth (x/2) = 1, then the value of Sol. Let log sec x = y
cos x cosh x is -
(A) 1 (B) – 1
1 e y/ 2
cos x =
(C) cos2x (D) sinh2x e y /2
Sol. Here cos x cosh x By componendo and div idendo rule
F
G 2 x I
1J
1F
G IJ
(B) 2 coth–1 Hcos ec 2 K or sinh–1 x = sinh–1 y HK
F x IJ R
S F1IU
sinh GJV
(C) 2 cosech–1 G
Hcot
2
2
1
K or x = sinh
1
T Hy KW
F
G 2 x I
1J or x =
1
y
xy = 1. Ans.[C]
(D) 2 cosech–1 Hcot 2 K