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Engineering Department
Engineering Mechanics College of Engineering
2020-2021 Mustansiriyah University
Lec.Rana Hashim
9.1 Moments of Inertia
The moment of inertia is geometric property of an area that is used to determine the strength
of a structural member.it is sometimes referred to as the second moment of the area about an
axis.
By definition, the moments of inertia of a differential area about the x and y axis are:-
dIx = y 2 dA dIY = x 2 dA
For the entire area A the moments of inertia are determined by integration;
Ix = ∫ y 2 dA Iy = ∫ x 2 dA
A A
dJO = r 2 dA ,
where r is the perpendicular distance from the pole(z axis) to the element dA
JO = ∫ r 2 dA = Ix + Iy
A
To develop this theorem, we will consider finding the moment of inertia of the shaded area
shown above about the x axis, the moment of inertia of dA about the x axis is
𝐼𝑥 = ∫ (𝑦́ + 𝑑𝑦)2 𝑑𝐴
𝐴
𝐼𝑥 = ∫ 𝑦́ 2 𝑑𝐴 + 2𝑑𝑦 ∫ 𝑦́ 𝑑𝐴 + 𝑑𝑦 2 ∫ 𝑑𝐴
𝐴 𝐴 𝐴
The first integral represents the moment of inertia about the centroidal axis 𝐼𝑥́
Therefore;
𝐼𝑥 = 𝐼𝑥́ + 𝐴𝑑𝑦 2
𝐼𝑦 = 𝐼𝑦́ + 𝐴𝑑𝑥 2
𝐽𝑂 = 𝐽𝐶 + 𝐴𝑑 2
The form of each of these equations states that the moment of inertia for an area about an
axis is equal to its moment of inertia about a parallel axis passing through the area centroid
plus the product of the area and the square of the perpendicular distance between the axes.
Ix
kx = √
A
Iy
k𝑦 = √
A
JO
k𝑂 = √
A
Solution(1):-
200
2
𝐼𝑥 = ∫ 𝑦 𝑑𝐴 = ∫ 𝑦 2 (100 − 𝑥)𝑑𝑦 =
𝐴 0
200
2
𝑦2
∫ 𝑦 (100 − )
0 400
200
𝑦4 2
= ∫ (100𝑦 − ) 𝑑𝑦
0 400
= 107(106 )𝑚𝑚4
Solution(2):-
𝑑𝑥 𝑦 3
2
𝑦 2 1 3
𝑑𝐼𝑥 = 𝑑𝐼𝑥́ + 𝑑𝐴𝑦̃ = + 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 ( ) = 𝑦 𝑑𝑥
12 2 3
100
1 3
𝐼𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝐼𝑥 = ∫ 𝑦 𝑑𝑥
0 3
100
1 3
=∫ (400𝑥)2 𝑑𝑥 = 107(106 )𝑚𝑚4
0 3
Solution:-
𝐀. Ix́ = ∫ ý 2 dA
A
h/2
=∫ ý 2 (b dý )
−h/2
h/2
bh3
2
= b ∫ ý dý =
−h/2 12
bh3 h 2 bh3
+ bh( ) =
12 2 3
hb3
Iý =
12
1
JC = bh(h2 + b2 )
12
Solution:-
b
dA = x dy x=b− y
h
𝑏
𝑑𝐴 = (𝑏 − 𝑦) 𝑑𝑦
ℎ
𝐼𝑥 = ∫ 𝑦 2 𝑑𝐴
𝐴
ℎ
𝑏
= ∫ 𝑦 2 (𝑏 − 𝑦) 𝑑𝑦
0 ℎ
ℎ
𝑏
= ∫ (𝑏𝑦 2 − 𝑦 3 ) 𝑑𝑦
0 ℎ
𝑏 3 𝑏 4 ℎ
=[ 𝑦 − 𝑦 ]
3 4ℎ 0
𝑏ℎ3
=
12
To find Iy
h
dA = 𝑦 dx y=h− x
b
ℎ
𝑑𝐴 = (ℎ − 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
𝑏
𝐼𝑦 = ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑑𝐴
𝐴
𝑏
ℎ
= ∫ 𝑥 2 (ℎ − 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
0 𝑏
𝑏
ℎ
= ∫ (ℎ𝑥 2 − 𝑥 3 ) 𝑑𝑥
0 𝑏
ℎ 3 ℎ 4 𝑏 ℎ𝑏 3
=[ 𝑥 − 𝑦 ] =
3 4𝑏 0 12
136 رنا هاشم.م
قسم الطرق والنقل
الجامعة المستنصرية. كلية الهندسة
First Class-Second Course Highway and Transport. Engineering Department
Engineering Mechanics College of Engineering
2020-2021 Mustansiriyah University
Lec.Rana Hashim
Example(4):-
Determine the radii of gyration for the shaded area shown in figure with respect to the x and
y axis
Solution:-
𝑦 2 = 3𝑥
𝑦 = √3 𝑥 1/2
dA = √3 x1/2 dx
y3 1 3
dIx = dx = (√3 x1/2 ) dx = √3 x 3/2 dx
3 3
5
Ix = ∫ dIX = ∫ √3 x 3/2 dx
A 2
5
2√3 5/2
=[ x ] = 34.81cm4
5 2
5
Iy = ∫ x dA = ∫ x 2 (√3x1/2 )dx
2
A 2
5 5
2√3 7/2
= ∫ √3x 5/2 dx = [ x ]
2 7 2
= 132.72cm4
5
5 1/2 2√3 3/2
A=∫2 √3 x dx = [ x ] = 9.644cm4
3 2
𝐼𝑥 34.81 1/2
𝑘𝑥 = √ = [ ] = 1.899cm
𝐴 9.644
𝐼𝑦 132.72 1/2
𝑘𝑦 = √ = [ ] = 3.7097cm
𝐴 9.644
137 رنا هاشم.م
قسم الطرق والنقل
الجامعة المستنصرية. كلية الهندسة
First Class-Second Course Highway and Transport. Engineering Department
Engineering Mechanics College of Engineering
2020-2021 Mustansiriyah University
Lec.Rana Hashim
9.5 Moment of Inertia for Composite Areas.
A composite area consists of a series of simpler parts or shapes such as rectangle, triangle
and circles. Provided the moment of inertia of each of these parts is known or can be
determined about a common axis, then the moment of inertia for the composite area about
this axis equals the algebraic sum of the moments of inertia for all its parts.
1. Using a sketch, divided the area into its composite parts and indicates the perpendicular
distance from the centroid of each part to the reference axis.
2.If the centroidal axis for each part does not coincode with the reference axis, the parallel
axis theorem, should be used to determine the moment of inertia about the reference axis
3. The moment of inertia of entire area about the reference axis is determined by the
summing the results of its composite parts about this axis.
Example(6):-
Determine the moment of inertia of the beam cross sectional area about the x axis.
Solution:-
Since the x axis pass through the centroid of both
rectangular segments then;
𝐼𝑥 = (𝐼𝑋 )1 + (𝐼𝑋 )2
100(2603 ) 92.5(2303 )
= − = 27.7(106 )𝑚𝑚4
12 12
Determine the moment of inertia for the cross sectional area of the member shown in figure
about the x and y centroidal axes.
Solution:-
Rectangle A and D
100(300)3
𝐼𝑥 = 𝐼𝑥́ + 𝐴𝑑 2 = + 100(300)(200)2
12
=1.425(109 )𝑚𝑚4
300(100)3
2
𝐼𝑦 = 𝐼𝑦́ + 𝐴𝑑 = + 100(300)(250)2
12
= 1.9(109 )𝑚𝑚4
Rectangle B
600(100)3
Ix = = 0.05(109 )mm4
12
100(600)3
I𝑦 = = 1.8(109 )mm4
12
Solution:-
Iy = Iý + Ad2
(200)(300)3 1
=[ + (200)(300)(200)2 ] +
36 2
(200)(300)3
[ + (200)(300)(450)2 ] +
12
𝜋
[− (75)4 + (−𝜋(75)2 )(450)2 ] =
4
Solution:-
JC = Ix́ + Iý
642 × 106 = Ix́ + 264 × 106
Ix́ = 378(106 )mm4
Ix = Ix́ + Ad2
Determine the moment of inertia of the shaded area with respect to y axis
Solution:-
For area 1
𝐼𝑦 = ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑑𝐴
dA = (10 − y)dx
10
Iy = ∫ x 2 (10 − y)dx
0
10
𝑥2
Iy = ∫ x 2 (10 − ) dx
0 10
10
𝑥4
= ∫ (10𝑥 2 − ) 𝑑𝑥 = 1333𝑐𝑚4
0 10
For area 2
𝑏ℎ3 10(63 )
𝐼𝑦 = = = 720𝑐𝑚4
3 3
For area 3
10(6)3 10(6)(42 )
𝐼𝑦 = + = 540𝑐𝑚4
36 2
Solution:-
To find the centroid
segment A(𝑚𝑚2) (mm)𝑦́ (mm)𝑦𝐴́
1 50(100) 75 375(103 )
2 325(25) 12.5 101.56(103 )
3 25(100) -50 -125(103 )
∑ 15.625(103 ) 351.5625(103 )
∑ 𝑦́ 𝐴 351.56(103 )
𝑦́ = = = 22.5𝑚𝑚
∑𝐴 15.625(103 )
H.W(3)
Locate the centroid 𝑦̅ for the cross sectional area for the angle, then finds the moment of
inertia about the 𝑥́ centroidal axis.
Ans:64cm4
H.W(4)
Ans:307cm4
A.The x axis
B.The y axis
Solution:-
2b
y y2
Ix = ∫ y 2 dA = ∫ y 2 ( + b − ) dy
A 0 2 2b
2b 3
y 2
y4
=∫ ( + by − ) dy
0 2 2b
2𝑏
𝑦 4 𝑏𝑦 3 𝑦5 22𝑏 4
=[ + − ] =
8 3 10𝑏 0 15
B. 0 ≤ x ≤ b h = √2bx
2𝑏
+ ∫ 𝑥 2 (√2𝑏𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 2𝑏)𝑑𝑥
𝑏
𝑏 2𝑏
5/2
= ∫ √2𝑏 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ (√2𝑏 𝑥 5/2 − 2𝑥 3 + 2𝑏𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑥
0 𝑏
𝑏 2𝑏
2 2√2𝑏 7/2 2𝑥 4 2𝑏𝑥 3 73𝑏 4
= √2𝑏 [ 𝑥 7/2 ] + [ 𝑥 − + ] =
7 0 7 4 3 𝑏 42