COORDINATION COMPOUNDS SHORT NOTES

Molecular addition co-ordination

or
compounds >

when two or more

simple salts are mixed and
crystallised sphere
Kz[Fe( CNIG ]
formed co-ordination
then addition compounds are .

Ionisation a
>

-161120
L S numb "
KCI -1
Mgclz KCI
Mgcli 6h20
→ -

sphere central Ligand

carnallite
metal
142504 -1 A / 2150413 -1241420 →
142504 -

A- 12150413.241120
Ionisation sphere central metal
Potash alum
Ionisable
part accept electron
Fesog -1111111412504+61120 →
Festa / Ntlylzsoy -61120
.

Lewis acid
Moho salt Co-ordination
.

sphere
generally d- Block element .

Double salt co-ordination compounds Non -

ionisablepaot
stable in solid state but -

stable in Both solid as well as co-ordination number

Ligands Number of
dissociates in
aqueous state .

aqueous state .
lonepaio accepted
election donors
metal atom / ion
Give + retest of all ions Does not
give + vetestofitsions by
-

. .
.

Lewis Bases

KCI -

Mgclz -61120 ku[FelCN1o ]

Mhz L '
M '
L lineal C. N=2
H2O H2O

iyg 4kt _i[ FEICN )o ] "

-12 t
K+ a-
we
~
"
ML } ima L
Trigonal planar c. N=3
+ " etest '
Fe -

retest ,
+ ve test -

> CN _
retest
Mla L L
Square planar c. N=4

some impotent terms 1µL

7 r

L L
a) Homoleptic complex
-

same
type of
ligands
"
[ 0111114316 ] L

ʰ ʰ
MLG Octahedral c. N=6
b) Hetero
lytic complex Different type of
ligands spy
-

> at
"
[ Co / NH} ) , / 142012 ] L L

L
central metal
c) Homo nuclear complex -

only one

[ 011411314114201273
-1 Denticity
Number of lonepaios donated by ligand .

d) Hetero nuclear complex :

more than one central atom .
Mono dentate -

Donates ILP

Bidentate -

Donates 2 LP

1112014€ ColH2014 150412 Tridentata -

Donates -5 LP

Tetoadentate -

Donates 4 LP
e) Perfect where is stable
complex
-

complexion .

Penta dentate -

Donates b- LP

Ks[ Fe / CNI , ] → 3kt -1 [ FEICN )o ] "

Hexadendate -

Donates 6 LP

f) Imperfect complex where

complexion is not very stable Ambidentate which have 2 donor site but can
-

-
.

"
donate from 1 site at time
K2[ CDICN )i→2k+_-cd( CNI , ]
a .

ONE
_

NOI
_

NE
-

CN SCN NCS

g) Co-ordination polyhedron arrangement of ligand in

space
-

M Metal Flexidentate which

caniiaoydenticity
-
-

sulphate 5042
-

1-
Ligand
 COORDINATION COMPOUNDS SHORT NOTES
Bidentate
Monodentate
ligands
Cha ethane -1,2 diamine
a) Neutral Cha -
-

I 1
diamine
H2O -

aqua PPH } -

Triphenylphosphine Ntk MHz or

ethylene
NH } ammine

C)
-

Pyridine {
-

11
co
carbonyl
- -

o oxalato
1
NO
nitrosyl N "
-

-
(204
c- o
cH2=CH2
ethylene MHz OH
Hydroxylamine I to
- -
-

Anionic Han -

Cha -
% -

-0
glycinato
"

#
-

✗ _

Halido N -

Nitido
CH} -

c. =

F- _

Fluoride NHI -

Amido 1
. dimethyl glyoximato
CH } c.
,N
" - =

a- _

Chloride NH -

imido
OH
Bi -

Bromide Nj -

Azido
- -

I _

Iodido CN -

Cyanido acetanato
CH } C CH -

G
CH }
acetyl
- -
-

Isocyanide
_ -

OH
hydroxide NC
f
-
_

o
OF -

Peroxide Noi -

Nitoito -

N
Toidentate
Oi ONE Nitoito -0
supeooxido
-
-

Diethyl toiamine

5032
'

sulphito
-

H2 !! CH2-CH2-H.H-CH2-CH2-H.tk
-

soit -

sulphate
"
Tetoadendate
coz
-

caibanato

Toiethylenetetoamine
-

SCN Thiocyanate s
_ -

NCS
Thiocyanate N CH2-NH2
- -

NHz-CHz-CHz-NH-CH2-CH2-NH.CH 's -

cationic
Pentadendate
-3

Ethylene diamine tiiacetato ( EDTA )

Not _

Nitoosonium NOE -

Nitro nium
+
NH} MHz Hydiazinium CH3C0Ñ CHLOE
- -

Hexadentate N -

Cha -

Cha -

"
diamine tetra acetato IEDTA )
Ethylene
CHINCH
-

Effective atomic number

- -

:
} COO CH> Coo

N -

Cha -

Cha -
N EAN =
Atomic number -

Oxidation -12 ✗ Co-ordination

number number
cH3C0Ñ
-

ctbcoo
 COORDINATION COMPOUNDS SHORT NOTES
Chelating ligands Naming of the central atom

Metal complex iscationicooneutoal complex is anionic

Bidentate
oopolydentate ligand which can form
co chromium chromate
chelates /
ring ) Mn
Manganese Manganate
Increases
stability of
complex Fe Iron Ferrate

1 co cobalt cobaltate
Ring stability ✗

Angle strain Ni Nickel Nickelate

strain -3>4
Cu copper cupvate
Angle > 5>6
In Zinc Zincate
stability -3<41546
Pd Palladium Palladate

-1400ms scarlet red color Pt Platinum Platinate

Ni complex with
Dimethyl
Ag silver
Argentate
glyoxine Nildmglz
-

All Gold Aurat

co-ordination number No of
ligand ✗
Denticity Hg Mercury Meocuoate
-
-

Ti Titanium Titanate
Sidgwick EAN Rule :

Oxidation number of metal is written just after the

naming
-

to atomic number of next

If EAN is
equal of central atom in roman numbers .

nearest noble then that complex is stable

gas .

Werner 's
theory .

Applicable mainly for metal

carbonyls .

a)
Primary valency / PV )
-

oxidation number

IUPAC Nomenclature b)
Secondary Valency 15111 co-ordination number
-

Name of cation is written first and then anion

valence Bond theory :

a) .

vacant orbital of
b) While
writing complexion ,
name of
ligand is ligand donates lonepaioto
order central metal
written first in alphabetical
.

c) Prefixes di tri etc are used

Strong Feild
ligand :
.

cand Nate donor

Note : If names of
ligands already have woods
pairing if
required Low spin complex
-

like bi tri , ,
tetra then we use special words
Weak feild
like bis.to/'s.tetoakesaoeused . ligand
0 and
Halogenate donor
some special compounds :

No
pairing High spin complex
-

a) Tetra cobalt ( TI ) µ amido µ hydroxide

aqua
-

Hybridisation
-
- -

tetra ammine chromium linear

sp
-
-

'

(E) Sulphate sp Trigonal planar

-

sp3 Tetrahedral c. N=4

-

OH
dsp2 square planar c. N=4
-

( 1120140 Co / NH } )q ( 50412 sp3d2 octahedral c. N=6

-

Outer orbital complex

NHZ

d2sp3 -

square planai c. N=6

b) Zeisse 's salt K[ Ptcl } / M Cattle ) ] -

Inner orbital complex

Diamagnetic Colourless
-

Cl Cl
Paramagnetic
-

Coloured
IPT : CHZ
Dipole moment -

µ=V BM
c,
CHZ
A-
Unpaired electron
 COORDINATION COMPOUNDS SHORT NOTES
some
important points
-

octahedral
crystal field
splitting complex
in :

Pd with c. N 4 foom
Pt
always square planar
=

,
In octahedral
complex ligands approach towards axis
-

, .

of
complex irrespective ligand . -

Axial orbitals face more

repulsion .

2-
[ Ptcly ]
Square planar field
splitting energy Axial
_

Ao =

crystal
"
19
mr/^
^
[ Pd IN Holy]
square planar
-

+0.610
Drawbacks of VBT :

ar terial Doesn't explain colour of compounds

centre _ n s

b)
ligands g.) }hy
Doesn't
distinguish b/w weak feild and E ↑
5

( in
degenerate
presence of
orbital

ligand ) r
-0.410

"

tag
strong feild
ligands .

Non -
axial
c) Does not
give quantitative interpretation of 5
degenerate orbitals

data
1in absence of
ligand )
magnetic .

Bonding in metal
carbonyls Factors
affecting CFSE :

bond formed donation Oxidation number of central atom

Metal and carbon
Sigma is
by a)
-

" "
[ Felt 2016 ] [ Fe / H2O )o ]
of
carbonyl carbon into vacant orbital of metal M .
>

Metal and carbon -11 Bond is formed side wise

by b) Geometry
-

carbon
overlapping of M and
carbonyl .
Octahedral > Tetrahedral

synergic Bonding c)
Ligand
-
:

}
field
strong ligand
CO More the → More is CFSE
acid
ligands
.

-
IT -

on
d) Transition metal series .

3d < 4d < 5d
Effect of
synergic Bonding :
-

Metal and carbon -

BO ↑ =
BE ↑ =
Blt, How to calculate CFSE 2 .

Carbon and BO ↓ BE ↓ BLT CFSE ( +0.6101 ( -0-4101

oxygen
=
+ +
np
= =
x ✗ ✗
y
-

No of elections in
-

More the -

ve
charge on metal
✗ = .

lg orbitals .

of electrons in
Y No
tag orbitals
=

More is the
synergic bonding
.

p pairing energy
=

crystal feild
theory :

number of
n
pairs
=

Interaction btw metal atom and

ligand is
purely
.

electrostatic '°
.

d ' d2 d3 D8 dad →
same for SFL and WFL
-

Anionic
ligands are considered as -

Hely point d4d5d° d' → diff for SFL and WFL

and neutral point dipoles
charges ligands as .

stereochemical series
Different d- orbitals face different and
repulsions
-

hence loose
degeneracy
'
52 0×2
-
- - -

Bi
-

I < < SCN < a- < < F- < OH < <

Loss of
degeneracy leads to
splitting of d- orbitals baao sachin class favor Oxalate Ka
-

IK se 00

of d- orbitals "
Types
- -

Noi
:
H2O < NCS < EDTA < NH } < en < < CN < CO

Non -

axial -

dxy dyz dzx Paani Nacht udta Ammonia in North Canada Columbo
Axial dxz ya di hue Mila
-
-

se
pyaar
orbitals
Degenerate Having some
energy
-

C- Donor > N Donor > 0 Do not >

Halogens
 COORDINATION COMPOUNDS SHORT NOTES
Colour of compounds Hydrate isomerism

water molecules both and

v13 CFSE ✗ 1 ✗ ✗ em acting as ligand
"
water of
Roy
✗ at crystallisation .

[ Ct / H2O / 6) Cbs [ Co / 1120150702 H2O -

" "
[ Ni / H2O / 6) [ Ni( H2O )4len ) ] ( ag ) -121120
+
enlaq )
=

isomerism
Green Pale Blue Linkage
bidentate
[ Nikko)4len1 ] "( Arises when there
ligands
"

aqltenlaq ) [Niltkolzlenlz ] -121120 are am

lag )
=
.

[ Cold / 50111033
" -

Blue / Purple [ Co / CI / g- 11102 ]

" "
[Niltkolzlenlz ] [ Wilentz ] ( Ag ) -121120
lag ) +
enlaq )
=

Ionisation isomerism :
Violet

Trans effect : Arises when counter ions are different .

CN > CO > NO > Et > PR } > H > Ph > Noa > I > SCN > [ 0111201402 ] I [ Co / H2O / gclIT.CI

Bo CI
Py NH } OH H2O
> > > > >

co-ordination isomerism :

chelating ligands are more stable than non

chelating Arises when both cation and anion are
complex
-

ligands complex .

In this
ligands or central atom is
exchanged .

More the 0N of central atom more is the

[ COIN Halo ] [ Colello ]
stability .

[ COINH } ) , ] [ Co / Ct )sNH } ]
crystal field tetrahedral
splitting in
complex
stereoisomerism
ligands approach from btw the axis
-

axial orbitals face

Non
mooeoepulsion
-
-

Because of different
G. I occurs
angle
.
-

axial 0 I-
-

NO POS 00 No COs
Non -
.

At -_

crystal field
splitting energy tz M= metal atom
Terminology
-

,my µg, "9]Ét€ᵈt€€

, µ!ᵈ(ʰ
^

ABCDEF -

Mono dentate
"" "ᵗ
AA
symmetrical ligand
Bidentate
-

cent" - 0 °

a,
unsymmetrical Bidentate ligand
_

-
0.6 At

( inpaegenceof r r
General Formulae Geometrical isomers
l

Axial Mabcdef 15
b-
degenerate orbitals
Mazbcde 09
( in absence of
ligand )
Mazbzcd 06
Note At
g- AO AO At
: -_ >

Mazbzcz 05

No tetrahedral complex
pairing in
Mazbcd
-

04
Both for SFL and WFL
Mazbzc 03
Isomerism
Mazbz 02

structural stereo Maybe 02

Hydrate Geometrical
Maqbz 02

Linkage Optical
Magb Nil
Ionisation

Coordination Mao Nil

 COORDINATION COMPOUNDS SHORT NOTES
c. N=4 Tetrahedral

NOGI

fumed
OI
only in MABCD

c. N=4
Square planar cis [ Pt 1141131202]
cisplatin
-

NO OI
→ Anti -

cancer .

GI Present
[ Rhlpphslzcl ]
Wilkinson
catalyst
-

MAG NOGI

MA3B NOGI
→
Hydrogenation of alkene .

and dissociation constant

MAzBz 2. GI stability :

Dissociation constant 1
MA2BC ZGI =

MABCD 3 GI
p
'
constant
MIAA / 2 NOGI
13=14×152×143 stability
value of
Higher the p= More stable is
complex .

MIABIZ 2 GI

optical isomerism

Mono dentate
case I
ligand
-
-

monodentate
✗ = Total diff .

ligand
x ≥ }
always optically active

Except Maybe

Maybe X=2 Inactive

Mast X=2 Inactive

Mazbzcz I =3 active

Maybe ✗ =3 Inactive

Mazbzc ✗ =3 active

case 2 : Bidentate

Total ≥ 2-
optically active
rings
[ MIAA )zB2]
except trans -

MIAA ) } -

Active

M / ABI }
-

Active
"
[Colen ) } ] -

Active
"
[
Cilglylz ] Active
-

cis -
[ M / AAIzB2 ] -

Active

cis -

T.CO/AA1zBz] -

Active

Trans -

[ MIAA )zB2 ] -

Inactive

Trans -

[ Colczocelzck] -

Inactive