www.ijcrt.

org © 2017 IJCRT | Volume 5, Issue 4 November 2017 | ISSN: 2320-2882

DERIVING SHAPE FUNCTIONS FOR CUBIC 12-

NODED SERENDIPIDTY FAMILY ELMENT
AND VERIFIED
P. Reddaiah, Professor of Mathematics, Global college of engineering and technology, kadapa, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Abstract: In this paper, I derived shape functions for 12-noded cubicserendipity family element by using natural Co-
ordinate system and also I verified two verification conditions for shape functions. First verification condition is sum of
all the shape functions is equal to one and second verification condition is each shape function has a value of one at its
own node and zero at the other nodes. For computational purpose I used Mathematica9 Software [2].

Keywords: Cubic serendipity element, Natural Co-ordinate system, Shape functions.

1. INTRODUCTION

The approximating functions are defined in terms of field variables of specified points called nodes or nodal
points. Thus in the finite element analysis the unknowns are the field variables of the nodal points. Once these
are found the field variables at any point can be found by using interpolation functions/shape functions.

2. GEOMETRICAL DESCREPTION

FIGURE.1 CUBICSERENDIPITY FAMILY ELEMENT

For computational purpose within the rectangle circle is inscribed. In this Rectangle 12 nodes are taken namely
nodes 1,2,3,4,5,6,17,8,9,10,11,12. Whenever circle is inscribed in this rectangle, circle is coincided at nodes
2,3,5,6,8,9,11,12. If we want to analyze heat and mass transfer without taking corner points in that particular
geometry then we use this type of geometry shown in figure.1.

IJCRT1704175 International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (IJCRT) www.ijcrt.org 1342

www.ijcrt.org © 2017 IJCRT | Volume 5, Issue 4 November 2017 | ISSN: 2320-2882

3. DERIVING SHAPE FUNCTIONS FOR 12-NODEDCUBIC SERENDIPITY FAMILY ELEMENT

Typical element is shown in Figure.1.

Shape functions for Corner Nodes
N1  0 is satisfied for nodes 4,5,6,7 if 1- =0.
N1  0 is satisfied for nodes 7,8,9,10 if 1- =0.
The points 2,3,5,6,8,9,11,12 lie on the circle shown in Figure.1.

The radius of this circle=OA.

x1 , y1 x 2 , y2

1
Since O=(0,0) and A=( , 1)
4

Dis tan ce between two points (x1, y1 ) and (x 2 , y2 ) is equal to (x 2  x1 )2  ( y2  y1 )2

1 2 2 1 2 2 1 1  16
OA  (  0)  (1  0)  OA  ( )  (1)  OA   1  OA 
4 4 16 16

17 17
 OA   OA  radius(r ) 
16 16

The equation of the circle is x 2  y 2  r 2

2
 17  17
   
2 2 2 2
   
 16  16

2 2 17
   0 (1)
16

eq(1) satisfies N1  0 for nodes 2 to 12

Verification at node 2.

1
At Node 2  =- ,  1
4
2
 1
 
2 17 1 17
(1)      1  0  1 0
 4 16 16 16

00
eq(1) is verified at node 2.

For Corner node 1

IJCRT1704175 International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (IJCRT) www.ijcrt.org 1343

www.ijcrt.org © 2017 IJCRT | Volume 5, Issue 4 November 2017 | ISSN: 2320-2882

17
Let N1  C (1   )(1   )( 2   2 
) (2)
16
,satisfies N1  0 for all nodes except for node 1.
For Node 1, N1  1,  = -1, = -1
 17 
2 2 17
1  C (1  ( 1))(1  ( 1))(( 1)  ( 1)  )  1  C 1  11  1 1  1  
16  16 

  2  2 
17   15  4
1C 2   1 C   C 
 16  4 15

1   1      2   2  
4 17
(2)  N1  (3)
15  16 
For Corner node 4
 17 
Let N 4  C 1   1      2   2   (4)
 16 

,satifies N 4  0 for all nodes except for node 4.

For Node 4, N 4  1,  =1,  = -1.

 1  1 1  1 
2 2 17 17 
(4)  1  C (1  1)(1  ( 1))((1)  ( 1)  )  1  C 2 
16  16 

  2  2 
17   15  4
1C 2  1 C   C 
 16  4 15

1   1      2   2  
4 17
(4)  N 4  (5)
15  16 

For Corner node 7

 2 2 17 
N 7  C 1   1          (6)
 16 

satisfies N7  0 for all nodes except for node 7.

For Node 7, N7  1,  =1,  =1

 2 1  1 
2 2 17 17 
(6)  1  C (1  1)(1  1)((1)  (1)  )  1  C 2 
16  16 

   2 
17   15  4
1C 4  1 C   C 
 16  4 15

1   1      2   2  
4 17
(6)  N 7  (7)
15  16 

For Corner node 10

 17 
Let N10  C 1   1      2   2   (8)
 16 

satisfies N10  0 for all nodes except for node 10.

For Node 10, N10  1,  =-1,  =1

 2  1  1 
2 2 17 17 
(8)  1  C (1  ( 1))(1  1)(( 1)  (1)  )  1  C 1  1 
16  16 

IJCRT1704175 International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (IJCRT) www.ijcrt.org 1344

www.ijcrt.org © 2017 IJCRT | Volume 5, Issue 4 November 2017 | ISSN: 2320-2882

  2  2 
17   15  4
1C 2  1 C   C 
 16  4 15

1   1      2   2  
4 17
(8)  N10  (9)
15  16 

For midside node 2

1    0 ensures N 2  0 at nodes 4,5,6,7. ,1    0 ensures N 2  0 at nodes 7,8,9,10.

1    0 ensures N 2  0 at nodes 10,11,12,1. ,1  4  0 ensures N 2  0 at node 3.


Let N 2  C 1   1   1   1  4  (10)

1
At Node 2, N 2  1,  =- ,  = -1
4

  1    1    1
  1   1  1
1 1
(10)  1  C (1  (  ))(1  ( 1)) 1     1  4      1  C 1   1  1
4   4    4    4  4

 15  4
1 C C 
4 15

1   1   1   1-4 

4
(10)  N 2  (11)
15
For midside node 3

1    0 ensures N3  0 at nodes 4,5,6,7. ,1    0 ensures N3  0 at nodes 7,8,9,10.

1    0 ensures N3  0 at nodes 10,11,12,1. ,1  4  0 ensures N3  0 at node 2.


Let N3  C 1   1   1   1  4  (12)

1
At Node 3, N3  1,  = ,  = -1
4

   1  4  4    1  C  4 
4 1 4 1
 1  11  1
1 1 1
(12)  1  C (1  )(1  ) 1  1 
4 4      4 
 3  5   15 
1  C     2  2   1  C    C 
4

 4  4  4 15

1   1   1   1+4 

4
(12)  N3  (13)
15
For midside node 5

1    0 ensures N5  0 at nodes 7,8,9,10.(   =1 in nodes 7,8,9,10).

1    0 ensures N5  0 at nodes 10,11,12,1. ,1    0 ensures N5  0 at nodes 1,2,3,4.

1
1  4  0 ensures N5  0 at node 6. (   = in node 6)
4

IJCRT1704175 International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (IJCRT) www.ijcrt.org 1345

www.ijcrt.org © 2017 IJCRT | Volume 5, Issue 4 November 2017 | ISSN: 2320-2882


Let N5  C 1   1   1   1  4  (14)

1
At Node 5, N5  1,  =1,  = -
4

  1    1  
1  1  1 
(14)  1  C (1  1)(1   ) 1     1  4      1  C  2 1  1   1  1

4    4    4   4  4 
 5  3   15 
1  C  2      2   1  C    C 
4

 4  4  4 15

1   1   1   1-4 

4
(14)  N5  (15)
15
For midside node 6

1    0 ensures N6  0 at nodes 7,8,9,10. ,1    0 ensures N 6  0 at nodes 10,11,12,1.

1    0 ensures N6  0 at nodes 1,2,3,4. ,1  4  0 ensures N 6  0 at node 5.


Let N6  C 1   1   1   1  4  (16)

1
At Node 6, N 6  1,  =1,  =
4

 1   1   3  5 
 1  4     1  C  2      2 
1
(16)  1  C (1  1)(1  ) 1 
4  4   4   4  4 
 15  4
1 C C 
4 15

1   1   1   1+4 

4
(16)  N 6  (17)
15
For midside node 8

1    0 ensures N8  0 at nodes 10,11,12,1. ,1    0 ensures N8  0 at nodes 1,2,3,4.

1    0 ensures N8  0 at nodes 4,5,6,7. ,1  4  0 ensures N8  0 at node 9.


Let N8  C 1   1   1   1  4  (18)

1
At Node 8, N8  1,  = , =1
4

  1  4 
1   5  3 
   1  C     2  2 
1 1
(18)  1  C (1  )(1  ) 11
4  4  4   4  4 
 5  3   15 
1  C     2  2   1  C    C 
4

 4  4  4 15

1   1   1   1+4 

4
(18)  N8  (19)
15
For midside node 9

1    0 ensures N9  0 at nodes 10,11,12,1. ,1    0 ensures N9  0 at nodes 1,2,3,4.

1    0 ensures N9  0 at nodes 4,5,6,7. ,1  4  0 ensures N9  0 at node 8.

IJCRT1704175 International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (IJCRT) www.ijcrt.org 1346

www.ijcrt.org © 2017 IJCRT | Volume 5, Issue 4 November 2017 | ISSN: 2320-2882


Let N9  C 1   1   1   1  4  (20)

1
At Node 9, N9  1,  =- , =1
4

 1  1   1   1  1 
(20)  1  C (1    )(1    ) 1  1 1  4      1  C 1  1   (2)(1  1)
 4  4   4   4  4 
 3  5   15 
   2  2   1  C    C 
4
1 C
 4  4  4 15

1   1   1   1-4 

4
(20)  N 9  (21)
15


Let N11  C 1   1   1   1  4  (22)
For midside node 11

1    0 ensures N11  0 at nodes 1,2,3,4. ,1    0 ensures N11  0 at nodes 4,5,6,7.

1    0 ensures N11  0 at nodes 7,8,9,10. ,1  4  0 ensures N11  0 at node 12.

1
At Node 11, N11  1,  =-1,  =
4

 1  1   3  5 
 1  4     1  C 1  1    1  1
1
(22)  1  C (1  ( 1))(1  ) 1 
4 4   4   4  4 
 3  5   15 
1  C  2      2   1  C    C 
4

 4  4  4 15

1   1   1   1+4 

4
(22)  N11  (23)
15
For midside node 12

1    0 ensures N12  0 at nodes 1,2,3,4. ,1    0 ensures N12  0 at nodes 1,5,6,7.

1    0 ensures N12  0 at nodes 7,8,9,10. ,1  4  0 ensures N12  0 at node 11.


Let N12  C 1   1   1   1  4  (24)

1
At Node 12, N12  1,  =-1,  = -
4

  1    1  
 1  1  1 
) 1     1  4      1  C 1  1 1  1   1  1
(24)  1  C (1  ( 1))(1   

4    4    4   4  4 
 5  3   15 
1  C  2      2   1  C    C 
4

 4  4  4 15

1   1   1   1-4 

4
(24)  N12  (25)
15

N1 , N 2 , N3 , N 4 , N5 , N 6 , N 7 , N8 , N9 , N10 , N11 , N12 are shape functions

4. VERIFICATION
( I ) 1st Condition

IJCRT1704175 International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (IJCRT) www.ijcrt.org 1347

www.ijcrt.org © 2017 IJCRT | Volume 5, Issue 4 November 2017 | ISSN: 2320-2882

Sum of all the shape functions is equal to one

     
N1  N 2  N 3  N 4  N 5  N 6  N 7  N8  N 9  N10  N11  N12  3  10  13  5 

          
 17  19  21  9  23  25
Output
N1  N 2  N3  N 4  N5  N 6  N 7  N8  N9  N10  N11  N12  1

II nd Condition
Each shape function has a value of one at its own node and zero at the other nodes.

(II) 2ndConditon
Each shape function has a value of one at its own node and zero at the other nodes
(i ) At Node 1 (-1,-1)  :=-1 :=-1
N1 N2 N3 N 4 N5 N6 N 7 N8 N9 N10 N11 N12 Output 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1 1
(ii ) At Node 2 (- ,-1)  :=-  :=-1
4 4
N1 N2 N3 N 4 N5 N6 N 7 N8 N9 N10 N11 N12 Output 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1
(iii ) At Node 3 ( ,-1)  :=  := -1
4 4

N1 N2 N3 N 4 N5 N6 N 7 N8 N9 N10 N11 N12 Output 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

(iv ) At Node 4(1,-1)  :=1  := -1

N1 N2 N3 N 4 N5 N6 N 7 N8 N9 N10 N11 N12 Output 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1 1
( v ) At Node 5(1,- )  := 1  := -
4 4

N1 N2 N3 N 4 N5 N6 N 7 N8 N9 N10 N11 N12 Output 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1 1
( vi ) At Node 6(1, )  := 1  :=
4 4

N1 N2 N3 N 4 N5 N6 N 7 N8 N9 N10 N11 N12 Output 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

( vii ) At Node 7(1,1)  := 1  := 1

N1 N2 N3 N 4 N5 N6 N 7 N8 N9 N10 N11 N12 Output 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

1 1
( viii ) At Node 8( ,1)  :=  := 1
4 4

N1 N2 N3 N 4 N5 N6 N 7 N8 N9 N10 N11 N12 Output 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0

1 1
(ix ) At Node 9(- ,1)  := -  := 1
4 4

N1 N2 N3 N 4 N5 N6 N 7 N8 N9 N10 N11 N12 Output 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0

( x ) At Node 10(-1,1)  := -1  := 1

N1 N2 N3 N 4 N5 N6 N 7 N8 N9 N10 N11 N12 Output 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0

1 1
( xi ) At Node 11(-1, )  := -1  :=
4 4

IJCRT1704175 International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (IJCRT) www.ijcrt.org 1348

www.ijcrt.org © 2017 IJCRT | Volume 5, Issue 4 November 2017 | ISSN: 2320-2882

N1 N2 N3 N 4 N5 N6 N 7 N8 N9 N10 N11 N12 Output 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0

1 1
( xii ) At Node 12(-1,- )  := -1  := -
4 4

N1 N2 N3 N 4 N5 N6 N 7 N8 N9 N10 N11 N12 Output 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

5. CONCLUSIONS
1. Derived Shape functions for 12-noded rectangular cubic
serendipity element
2. verified sum of all the shape functions is equal to one
3. Verified each shape function has a value of one at its own node and zero at the other nodes.

References
nd
[1]. S.S. Bhavikatti, Finite Element Analysis, New AgeInternational (P) Limited, Publishers, 2 Edition,
2010.
[2]. Mathematica9 Software, Wolfram Research, Version number 9.0.0.0, 1988-2012.

IJCRT1704175 International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (IJCRT) www.ijcrt.org 1349