Title pg

ABSTRACT:
This report focuses on chillers, its types, and their technical comparative analysis. The main
function of a chiller is to remove the unwanted heat and the method of doing so varies from
type to type. This report discusses all these types in detail covering all the aspects. It also
discusses a detailed list of the leading manufacturers of different kinds of chillers along with
the relevant product ranges, location of the company as well as the specialties or the services
offered by the respective manufacturer etc. It also gives a detailed insight of the chiller
control mechanisms. This report also tells us about the software tools that are provided for the
selection of different types of chillers as per requirements. It also tells the readers about the
chillers installed at various locations like hospitals, offices, hotels, shopping malls, industries
etc. and how are they installed. The report then focuses on the issues related with the
maintenance of chillers and the proposed solutions for trouble shooting.
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Table ofcontents or figures

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1. INTRODUCTION:

2. TYPES OF CHILLERS:
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The principal approach to classify a chiller is by characterizing whether it is a vapor

compression or vapor absorption type chiller.

Figure 1: Types of Chillers.

2.1. VAPOR COMPRESSION CHILLERS:

Vapor Compression chillers are the most widely recognized kind of chiller. They utilize a
mechanical compressor to constrain a refrigerant around the cooling framework.
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Refrigeration compressors are basically a pump for refrigerant gas throughout the cooling
system. The chiller cooling capacity, which is the compressor's capacity, is estimated in
kilowatts input (kW), Horsepower (HP), or volumetric stream (m3/h, ft3/h). The compressors
used to compress the refrigerant vary. They can be either Hermetic (welded shut) or semi-
hermetic (joined together). Now and then compressor chillers are attached with refrigerated
air dryers to dispose of harmful to moisture in the chilled air.

Condensers can be air-cooled, water-cooled, or evaporative. The condenser fills in as a heat

exchanger that permits heat to go from the refrigerant gas to one or the other water or air.
Air-cooled condensers are produced using copper tubes for the refrigerant flow and have
aluminium fins for the air current. Every condenser has an alternate material cost, and they
differ with effectiveness.

2.1.1. Water Cooled Chillers:

The common types of water-cooled chillers use water from an external source to cool the
gaseous refrigerant in the condenser. A phase change occurs inside the condenser when the
refrigerant in vapor form releases heat and converts into liquid which is recirculated back in
the cooling system.

 Advantages:
a) Water-cooled chillers are more efficient than air-cooled chillers.
b) Have a quieter operation than air-cooled system.
c) Suitable for small-scale as well as commercial-scale cooling.
d) Portable chillers are available for facilities with space limitations.
 Disadvantages:
a) Water-cooled chillers have a high installation and maintenance cost due to the
additional cooling water source, pump, and tanks.
b) Not suitable for locations with water restriction or shortage because they require a
constant water supply to do the job.
c) Require time to time condenser water treatment to prevent the mineral deposition in
the system.

2.1.2. Air Cooled Chillers:

Air-cooled chillers use air to reject heat from the refrigerant present in the condenser before
condensation and being recirculated back into the cooling system. In addition, air fans are
attached which support forced convection which helps in speeding the cooling process up.
 8

Figure 2: Air-cooled Chiller.

These chillers are suitable for the environment where the heat dissipated into the air is not a
big issue, as the heat released by these systems is quite large..

 Advantages:
a) Portable chillers are available for facilities with space limitations.
b) Available for small-scale as well as commercial-scale cooling depending on size or
chiller capacity.
c) Their maintenance and installation cost are less.
d) The heat released from these chillers can be used to warm the area during cold
periods, providing power savings. 
 Disadvantages:
a) Air-cooled chillers are noisy due to additionally installed cooling fans.
b) Their overall life span is less than the Water-cooled chillers.
c) Air cooled chillers can suffer from damage, blockages and re-circulation issues.

2.1.3. Screw Chillers:

Screw chillers or screw driven chillers are utilized in both water and air chillers and are
suitable for little to medium cooling loads. They work by utilizing two interlocking turning
helical rotor for compressing the refrigerant. Screw chillers are minimal in size, lightweight,
and energy-effective, however are more costly than different sorts of compressors chillers.

2.1.4. Centrifugal Chillers:

Centrifugal chillers are quite dependable vapor compression cycle chillers. They are ideal for
medium to large scale cooling operations (150 – 6000 tons of refrigeration). They consist of
the evaporator, compressor, condenser, and expansion device set-up but have additional
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rotating impellers, which compress the refrigerant and recirculate it around the cooling
system. 

2.1.5. Reciprocating Chillers:

These systems work by using a piston and chamber to compress the refrigerant. A
reciprocating compressor is present in any of the ½ ton refrigeration models .

2.1.6. Scroll Compressor Chillers:

Scroll compressors are used in both air and water coolers. These chillers operate by using two
spiral plates (one stationary and one rotating) to compress the refrigerant.

2.2. VAPOUR ABSORPTION CHILLERS:

Vapor Absorption chillers utilize a heat source to move a refrigerant around the cooling
framework rather than a mechanical compressor. The thermodynamic cycle is controlled by
the heat that is by and large made through steam, high temperature water, or burning. During
the cycle, refrigerant vapors are retained, which dilutes the absorbent material. Lithium
bromide is a typical absorbent utilized in these chillers, joined with water as the refrigerant
however a few chillers utilize a blend of water and ammonia.

The heat source is sometimes the heat released by another system or machine, for energy-
effectiveness. Absorption chillers do likewise require a lot bigger cooling towers than
compression chillers. Nonetheless, absorption chillers are more energy productive,
particularly when cheap, second rate or waste heat is accessible. Solar energy has even been
utilized to work absorption chillers in radiant environments. They are normally joined with
mechanical chillers.

2.2.1. Ammonia Chillers:

Ammonia chillers use ammonia as the refrigerant and water as the absorbent. The utilization
of ammonia based working liquids is because of the low freezing temperature of the
refrigerant and the absence of crystallization. Ammonia based solar absorption is frequently
utilized for sustainable power uses. Ammonia is additionally utilized in more modest chillers
like those in mobile houses.

3. TECHNICAL COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS:

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Centrifugal Reciprocatin Scroll Screw Absorption

Chillers g Chillers Chillers Chillers Chillers
Type Water cooled Air- or water- Air or water- Air or -
chillers cooled chillers cooled water-
chillers cooled
chillers
Cooling medium to small to small to small to Medium to
Load large cooling medium medium medium large
loads cooling loads cooling cooling buildings,
– common in loads loads Hospitals,
simple low- Swimming
cost centers,
refrigerators Heat
Networks
Capacity 150 – 6,000 50 – 500 TR, 40 – 400 70 – 600 70 – 1,400
TR, 530 – 170 – 1,700 TR, 140 – TR, 250 – TR, 250 –
21,000 kW kW 1,400 kW 2,100 kW 4,900 kW
COP 5.8 to 7.1 4.2 to 5.5 Air cooled Air cooled 0.6 to 1.9
COP 3.2 – COP 2.9 –
4.86 Water 4.15 Water
cooled COP cooled
4.45 – 6.2 COP: 4.7 –
6.07
No. of Typically - One or more 1 No
Compressor use only one compressors compressor compressor,
s compressor , fixed or on water direct or
sometimes variable cooled, 1 or indirect
two for speed, 2 fired
exceptionall staged or compressor
y large speed s on air
capacity controlled cooled
No. of Use one or - - - -
Rotating two rotating
 11

Impellors impellors to
compress the
refrigerant
and force it
around the
chiller
Capacity Capacity Capacity Capacity Capacity is Capacity
Control control control controlled controlled controlled
through through via via speed via amount
speed control compressor momentarily control or of heat
and vane staging or separating slider entering
guides cylinder scrolls with
unloading and solenoid
speed control valve and
electronic
modulation
Features Work best at Use a piston Use two Uses two Use heat to
full loading, and chamber spiral plates interlocking drive the
VFD can be to compress to compress rotating refrigeratio
fitted to refrigerant the helical n process,
improve part refrigerant, rotors to usually
load one fixed in compress steam or hot
place, one the water.
rotates. refrigerant Typically
combined
with
mechanical
chillers

4. LEADING CHILLER MANUFACTURERS IN PAKISTAN:

4.1. EIJAZ SONS INTERNATIONAL:
EIJAZ SONS INTERNATIONAL
Established in 1986
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LOCATION  PECHS AREA of Karachi

WEBSITE http://www.eijazsons.com/
PRODUCTS  Chillers
 Ventilation machines
 Cooling liquid chillers
 i-FOCS Chiller
 i-NRG Heat pump
SERVICES/SPECIALITIES  Prime mechanical HVAC contractor in
Pakistan
 Design of HVAC system
 Supply of HVAC system
 Sales of HVAC system
 Installation of HVAC system
 HVAC diagnostic air test and balance
 Certified air test and balance
 Thermal comfort
 Heat gain/loss analysis
KEY COMPONENTS  i-NRG Heat pump

4.2. CRESCENT CORPORATION:

CRESCENT CORPORATION
Established in 1986

LOCATION
 Lahore

WEBSITE http://www.crescentcorporation.com.pk/
PRODUCTS  Chillers
SERVICES/SPECIALITIES  Abrupt growth of HVAC/R market
KEY COMPONENTS NO INFORMATION AVAILABLE

4.3. FAKHRI BROTHERS:

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FAKHRI BROTHERS
Established in 1974

LOCATION  Karachi Defense Area

WEBSITE http://www.fakhribrothers.com/
PRODUCTS  Different kinds of chillers
SERVICES/SPECIALITIES  Leading importers and suppliers in
HVAC/R
 24 renowned companies from all over
the world consult them.
 High quality and reliability of products
 Member of American Society of HVAC
Engineers (ASHRAE)
KEY COMPONENTS NO INFORMATION AVAILABLE

4.4. SABRO TECHNOLOGIES:

SABRO TECHNOLOGIES
Established in 1969

LOCATION  Lahore
 Islamabad
WEBSITE https://www.sabro.com.pk
PRODUCTS  Chillers
 Self-contained units
 Menagerie of customized HVAC
products
SERVICES/SPECIALITIES  Pioneer of HVAC manufacturing in
Pakistan
 CE/EC marked company
KEY COMPONENTS NO INFORMATION AVAILABLE

4.5. NUCON ENGINEERS:

NUCON ENGINEERS
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Established For 3 decades

LOCATION  Suit no 406, Parsa tower, 4th floor,

Shahrah-e-Faisal, Karachi
 169-C Broadway Commercial, Phase 6,
 DHA, Lahore
 6-Ibn-e-sina Road, G-10/3, Islamabad

WEBSITE http://nucon.com.pk/
PRODUCTS  Absorption chillers
 Air cooled liquid chillers
 Centrifugal chillers
 Air handling units
 Condensing units
 Fan coil controls
 Heat exchangers
 Pumps

SERVICES/SPECIALITIES  Design of HVAC

 Sales of HVAC
 Manufacturing of HVAC
 Maintenance of HVAC
 Technical support

KEY COMPONENTS  Condensing units

 Fan coil controls
 Air handling units
 Heat exchangers
 Pumps
 Hydronic fan coil units

4.6. DYNAMIC CONTROLS:

DYNAMIC CONTROLS
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In market for 3 decades

LOCATION NO INFORMATION PROVIDED

WEBSITE https://www.dcairfilters.com/
PRODUCTS  It deals in producing chillers as well as
producing filters.
 G4/G3 pre-filter
 Aluminum mesh
 Pocket type bag air filters
 HEPA mini-pleat filters
SERVICES/SPECIALITIES  Manufacturer of HVAC air filters
 Manufacturer of chillers
 Products at lowest costs and best quality

KEY COMPONENTS NO INFORMATION AVAILABLE

4.7. A.H. INTERNATIONAL:

A.H. INTERNATIONAL
Established in 1944

LOCATION  Tariq road Karachi

WEBSITE https://www.ahworld.com.pk/Welcome/
PRODUCTS  Air cooled screw chillers
 Water cooled screw chillers
 Scroll chillers
 Filters
 Fan coil units
 Air handling units
 Pumps

SERVICES/SPECIALITIES  Leading central of HVAC companies

 Central heating installation and
commissioning
 Central cooling design and installation
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 Ventilation system installation and

selection
KEY COMPONENTS  Filters
 Fan coil units
 Air handling units
 Pumps

4.8. MECATECH PVT.LTD.:

MECATECH PVT.LTD.
Established in 1990

LOCATION  Lahore

WEBSITE https://mecatech.com.pk/
PRODUCTS  UNTES
 PANASONIC
 KLIMALLCO
 RYOWO
 POWER LINK
 TACO
 LOREN COOK
 DEVATEC
 AIREDALE
 GENIUS
 Absorption chiller
 Hot water Absorption chiller
 Steam fired Absorption chiller
 Gas fired modular chiller unit with built
in cooling tower
 Provide quality chillers
 Water chillers
 Water cooled Water chillers
 Air cooled packaged units
 Air cooled water chillers
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SERVICES/SPECIALITIES  Leading in Engineering Services in

Pakistan
 ISO- 9001 certified company
KEY COMPONENTS  Air handling units
 Fan coil units
 Heat pump systems
 CONDENSERS
 Condensing units
 Electric humidifiers
 Evaporation humidifier
 Spray nozzles
 Heat exchangers
 Air compressors
 Axial heaters

4.9. ELMEC INTERNATIONAL:

ELMEC International

LOCATION  Lahore
WEBSITE https://elmec.com.pk/
PRODUCTS  Carrier air cooled reciprocating chiller
 Ducted split unit

SERVICE/SPECIALITIES  Maintenance and service for HVAC

systems
KEY COMPONENTS NO INFORMATION AVAILABLE

4.10. PETAL ENGINEERING:

PETAL ENGINEERING
Established in 1989
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LOCATION NO INFORMATION AVAILABLE

WEBSITE https://www.petal.com.pk/
PRODUCTS  Air cooled packaged water chillers
 Water cooled packaged water
chillers
 Spare parts
 Centrifugal fans
 Dehumidifier
 Hot water generators
 Air curtain units
 Air handling units
 Chilled water fan coil units
SERVICES/SPECIALITIES  At the forefront for HVAC
development and research
 ISO-9002 certified company
KEY COMPONENTS  Spare parts
 Centrifugal fans
 Dehumidifier
 Hot water generators
 Air curtain units
 Air handling units
 Chilled water fan coil units

4.11. COOL TRADE:

COOL TRADE

LOCATION  Cool Trade, A-14, Hashoo Centre,

Abdullah Haroon Road, Saddar,
Karachi
WEBSITE http://www.cooltrade.pk/
PRODUCTS  Water chiller
 Absorption chillers
 Water cooler
 Air curtains
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SERVICES/SPECIALITIES  Specialized producers and supplier of

electric water chillers
KEY COMPONENTS  Air curtains

4.12. MGH CONTROL AND PVT LTD.:

MGH CONTROL AND PVT LTD.

LOCATION  Rawalpindi
 Lahore
 Karachi
 Islamabad
WEBSITE http://www.mgheng.com/
PRODUCTS  Absorption type water cooled chillers
 Packaged type Water chillers of 165
USRT
 Air cooled chilled 100 USRT
 250 USRT hot water absorption chiller
 50 USRT absorption chiller
 Self-contained package type units 350
USRT
 500-USRT Chiller
 200-USRT water chiller
 Cooling tower
 Chillers AHU CRACS
 Ducting works
 VRF system
SERVICES/SPECIALITIES  Committed to provide high quality
services in the field of HVAC
KEY COMPONENTS  Air coil units
 Fan coil units
 Ducting
 HEPA filters

5. CHILLERS CONTROL MECHANISM:

Chillers comprised of four basic components
 Evaporator
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 Compressor
 Condenser
 Expansion unit

5.1. WORKING MECHANISM:

Every chiller system carries a refrigerant. Refrigerants have different types and applications
depending on the temperatures required. Chillers working on the principle of vapor

Figure 3:Working Principle of water chillers.

compression/ vapor absorption (therefore the stage change of the refrigerant from a fluid to a
gas and back to a fluid). Therefore, the phenomena of heating and cooling the refrigerant and
changing it from gas to a fluid and back again is the refrigeration cycle. A chiller utilizes a
vapor pressure mechanical refrigeration framework that associates with the cycle water
framework through a device called an evaporator. Refrigerant courses through an evaporator,
blower, condenser, and extension device of a chiller. A thermodynamic interaction happens in
each of above parts of a chiller. The evaporator capacities as a heat exchanger to such an
extent that heat caught by the cycle coolant stream moves to the refrigerant. As the heat-
transfer happens, the refrigerant vanishes, transforming from a low-pressure fluid into vapor,
while the temperature of the cycle coolant decreases.

The refrigerant at that point flows to a compressor, which plays out different capacities. In
the first place, it eliminates refrigerant from the evaporator and guarantees that the pressing
 21

factor in the evaporator stays adequately low to absorb heat at the right rate. Second, it brings
the pressing factor up in active refrigerant vapor to guarantee that its temperature stays
sufficiently high to deliver heat when it arrives at the condenser. The refrigerant returns to a
fluid state at the condenser. The latent heat surrendered as the refrigerant changes from vapor
to fluid is diverted from the climate by a cooling medium (air or water).

Figure 4:Chillers Control Mechanism.

6. SOFTWARE TOOLS FOR CHILLER SELECTION, PROVIDED BY

MANUFACTURERS:
6.1. DAIKIN:

1
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DAIKIN
Our chillers are engineered with driving innovations to give energy
proficient cycle and solace cooling and warming that you can rely on.

6.1.1. Software Tools Description:

 DAIKIN 3D APP

DAIKIN 3D is the application focused on clients and expert installers, permitting you to pick
the cooling and watch it at home before you purchase

Figure 5: 3D App.
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 Daikin Psychrometric Diagram Viewer

Daikin Psychrometric Diagram Viewer is used to help all experts and understudies associated
with cooling, knowing the properties of the air that we process.

Figure 6:Daikin Psychrometric Diagram Viewer.

 QR Code Scanner

Scan the QR code which is situated on the nameplate of your Daikin unit and get fast
admittance to pertinent unit data and administrations.

6.2. THOMASNET:

Software Tools
Software Developement
tools
Manufacturing
Company Thomasnet Tool Vendring Software
Tool Management
Software
Machine Tool
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6.2.1. Software Tools Description:

 Software Development tools
Manufacturer of software for planning and scheduling. Software is intended for various
production processes including, order fulfillment, lean operations, throughput, flexible
manufacturing, supply chain and automation. Suitable for discrete manufacturing in various
industries including aerospace, automotive, electronics, home appliances, industrial and farm
equipment, medical devices, and semiconductors.

 Tool Vending Software

Manufacturer of propriety cost estimating software. Software incorporates tools combining
manufacturing knowledge bases, with process engineering and costing formulas to produce
precise estimates. Software is used by Original Equipment Manufacturers, Contract

 Tool Management Software

Manufacturer of precision tool presetting automated machinery for medical, defense and
agricultural applications. Heat shrinks, CNC, metal cutting, grinding, micro measurement or
inspection and vision machinery are offered. Taper machine tools such as adapters and
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clamping cartridges are also offered. Suitable for medical, defense and agricultural
applications. Also services the automotive, aerospace, stone fabricating, and other industries.

 Machine Tool Monitoring Software

Custom manufacturer machine tool monitoring software. Machine tool monitoring software
is available with alert signals, interfaces & access control user limits & are suitable for
tracking usage patterns, inventory levels, costs & restocking requirements.

7. TROUBLE SHOOTING & MAINTENANCE OF CHILLERS:

First, we discuss the trouble shoot problems & solutions of chillers then move towards its
maintenance.

7.1. TROUBLE SHOOTING:

This section contains a list of popular issues and solutions for various chillers and chiller
systems. Many problems are simple to solve if you know what caused them in the first place.

Now let us discuss some of the problems and solutions of chillers.

7.1.1. First Problem: Compressor will not start.

The first problem that will occur in chillers is the compressor that will not start sometimes so
the causes behind this is that:

 There is no three phase or control circuit power, tripped circuit breaker.

 Also, improper signal at the programmable controller.
 Moreover, the Chillers MCS may be turned off.

 Overload relay on magnetic starter tripped.

 Refrigerant recirculation unit or pumps may be “off” or “tripped”.
After this the factor comes in our mind is the solution so how to minimize these problems or
causes.

So basically, there are many solutions that may help to avoid these problems. These solutions
are given below.

 Check fuses and disconnect. Reset tripped circuit breakers.

 Determine cause of low recirculatory before restarting.
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 The run and power lights must be on for unit to operate. Check for loose connection
and control circuit power to controller.
 Determine cause of motor overload. Depress manual reset button.
 Turn switch to “ON” position. For dedicated system the icemaker should be on before
the compressor starts.

7.1.2. Second Problem: Unit Drawing High amps.

The next problem arises is Unit drawing high amps (compressor or water pump motors). Now
the causes behind are:

 Loose terminal connections.

 Defective motor bearings or motor.

 Debris or restriction preventing normal operation.

The solutions that will help to avoid these problems are:

 Tighten connections (qualified electrician is required for this purpose).

 Replace or may Check compressor/motor alignment and mounting bolts before
restarting.
 Replace or rewind.
 Clear obstruction and restart.

7.1.3. Third Problem: High Suction pressure.

The third problem is about the High Suction Pressure. So, the causes behind this high suction
pressure are:

 Water temperature too high.

 Improperly adjusted hand expansion valve.
The solution that may help to avoid these causes:

 Water temperature above 60°F is based on incoming city water.

 Check expansion valve adjustment that must be close to reduce refrigerant flow.
 Also Set refrigerant flow to maintain 15 PSIG in all sections.

7.1.4. Fourth Problem: High Discharge Pressure.

The next problem arises is about the high discharge pressure. So, the causes behind the high
discharge pressure are:
 27

 Refrigerant system must be overcharged.

 A Dirty condenser.
 Non-condensable in refrigerant.
 Head pressure controls are improperly set.

 The Discharge line check valve is inoperative or partially open.

The solution that may help to avoid these causes are:

 To Verify actual charge and Reduce charge as required.

 Air in system must be removed by purging or must be readjust to correct setting.
 Open all valves fully open or to correct position.
 Make sure all pressure controls are properly adjusted and in automatic position.
 Check and replace if required.

7.1.5. Fifth Problem: Low Oil Pressure.

The next problem arises is about the low air pressure. The causes behind this low air pressure
are:

 Oil Leakage.
 Oil reservoir full indicating need for maintenance.
 Plugged or stopped up oil strainer.
 Low oil level in crankcase.
 Defective compressor oil pump.
The solution that may help to avoid these causes are:

 Oil reservoir must be drain & add new oil to compressor.

 Must be Clean Purge line.
 Consult supplier’s data.
 Check rotation and wear & may be Replace as required.

 Check all areas around system for signs of oil leakage. Repair leak and recharge
system with oil.

7.1.6. Sixth Problem: Excessive vibration of motor & compressor.

Last problem that will arise in chillers are Excessive vibration of motor & compressor. The
causes behind these excessive vibrations are:

 Misalignment.
 28

 Loose motor/compressor hold down bolts.

 Flooding of compressor.
 Defective or worn bearing.
The solution that may help to avoid these causes are:

 Realign to within specifications.

 Tighten all the nuts or Check alignments.
 Adjust high pressure liquid line hand expansion valve setting. Check refrigerant level
controls on NH3 recirculation unit to ensure high refrigerant level switch is operative.
 Remove coupling and check bearing.

 Reinforce structural support.

7.2. MAINTENANCE OF CHILLERS:

Following are the maintenance instructions listed below to get the best performance from
your Chiller system or help us to get best completion,

7.2.1. Regular Basis Observation:

Check the chiller on a regular basis to make sure it's working properly. Examine the fluid
movement through the plates for debris in the water delivery system.

To ensure proper refrigerant feed to the chiller, check that the discharge and suction pressures
on the gauges are right and stable before starting.

1. Weekly Observations:
 Check the compressor's oil level.
 Check for signs of oil leakage.
 Ensure that the refrigerant liquid level in the receiver or during pump down is correct
and has not changed.
 Examine the receiver.
 Look for signs of refrigerant failure in the valve packings and relief valve.
 While operating, check for a 20-30% refrigerant level in the receiver.
 At least once every week, inspect the device.

The following items are included in a visual inspection but are not limited to:

 Leaks
 Vibration of piping on other components
 29

 Capillary tubes rubbing

 Unusual noises
 Tight bolts, nuts, screws

2. Clean the Chiller once a week:

 Make sure the water delivery pan and header are clean.
 The delivery header can be quickly disassembled to clear plugged holes or remove
debris from within the header.
 Remove the water distribution header from the water distribution pan if possible and
clean out any loose debris.
 To ensure full flow over the entire plate, unplug holes in the pans as required.
 Examine the frame, water, pans, columns, and headers for signs of discoloration.
 If appropriate, clean the area with citric acid and a non-abrasive cleaning pad.
 After washing, rinse with fresh water.
3. Following a ten-hour Period of Operation:
 Examine the frame, water, pans, columns, and headers for signs of discoloration.
 If appropriate, clean the areas with citric acid and a non-abrasive cleaning pad.
 After washing, rinse with fresh water.

4. Following a Fifty-hours Period of Operation:

 Examine the frame, water, pans, columns, and headers for signs of discoloration.
 If appropriate, clean the areas with citric acid and a non-abrasive cleaning pad.
 After washing, rinse with fresh water.

5. Six Times a Year:

On the shaft bearings, grease all greaseable fittings.

7.2.2. Water Scale Deposition:

One of the main concerns with any system using water is scale deposition resulting from:

 Solids forming the plates.

 Solids build-up on the interior of water-cooled condenser.
 Solid’s build-up in the water distribution pan and headers.
To avoid these problems, consult a local water treatment consultant.
 30

7.2.3. Scale-Forming Plates:

Use an acceptable icemaker cleaner, such as citric acid, to clean the surfaces. Get your water
tested.

7.2.4. In Water Tank, Scale and Solids Are Forming:

 Condensers that are air cooled can be flushed out with a water hose against the
airflow.
 Ensure that the electric circuit is disconnected and locked out before beginning this
operation.
 Lubricate the fan bearing and, if necessary, adjust the belts according to the
manufacturer's instructions.

7.2.5. Cleaning Stainless Steel Surfaces:

 Scale on the chiller plates caused by mineral deposits in the water and other
contaminants may reduce the plate's performance.
 If left unchecked, it can cause the metal surface to deteriorate, reducing the plate's
lifespan.
 The longevity and quality of the plates are determined by how well they are cared for
and cleaned.
 It is difficult to provide a quick solution to choosing a cleaning and sanitizing system
because conditions and equipment installation differ from location to location.

8. CONCLUSION:
In conclusion, it can be said that the method through which the heat is removed with the help
of a chiller classifies it into different categories. These types can be used for different
purposes and according to the requirements. The application of a specific type of chiller
depends upon the place of application as well as the required work output. We can use
different chiller selection tools to choose the best suitable option according to our need.
Moreover, there are number of leading manufacturers in Pakistan that provide us with the
various kinds of chillers and some of them also give us the option of giving the required
design specifications and get the desired chiller ready. We can also do trouble shooting for
the maintenance of the selected type of chiller. All these points have been discussed in detail
in this report.

Reference:
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https://www.thomasnet.com/articles/machinery-tools-supplies/types-of-chillers/

https://www.waterchillers.com/blog/post/types-of-chiller-system-unit

https://theengineeringmindset.com/chiller-types-and-application-guide/

https://blog.goldstonehvacr.com/insight/top-hvac-manufacturers-in-pakistan/

https://www.machinegrab.pk/blog/top-companies-that-provide-the-best-chillers-in-pakistan

http://www.petal.com.pk/

https://hitech-machinery.com/hc-industrial-chiller/

http://alwajid.pk/cooling_tower/

http://nucon.com.pk/industrial-process-cooling/

https://www.ahworld.com.pk/Welcome/

http://www.cooltrade.pk/

http://www.mgheng.com/

https://elmec.com.pk/

https://mecatech.com.pk/

https://www.dcairfilters.com/

http://nucon.com.pk/

https://www.sabro.com.pk

http://www.crescentcorporation.com.pk/

https://www.daikin.eu/en_us/product-group/chillers.html

https://www.thermalcare.com/how-does-a-chiller-work/

https://www.waterchillers.com/blog/post/how-does-a-chiller-work

https://northslopechillers.com/blog/how-chiller-systems-work/

https://www.daikin.eu/en_us/customers/support.html

https://www.thomasnet.com/profile/20002580/carrier-corporation.html
 32

https://www.thomasnet.com/productmatches.html?
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https://www.thomasnet.com/search.html?
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e&what=Software+tools+for+chiller+selection

https://vogtice.com/wp-content/uploads/Chiller-Manual.pdf
https://www.vogtice.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/HTD-and-HF-Chiller-Manual-
12A4171M15-complete.pdf
https://www.vogtice.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Chiller-2018.pdf