BOILER

(UTILITY DEPT)
WHAT IS A BOLIER?
A chiller is a machine or device
used to cool fluids, typically water
or a mixture of water and glycol,
to a low temperature.

Chillers are commonly used in

various applications, such as air
conditioning systems, industrial
processes, and refrigeration.

They work by removing heat from

the fluid and then circulating the
cooled fluid to control the
temperature of the environment or
equipment they are serving.
 There are several types of
chillers, including:
1.Air-Cooled Chiller:
These chillers use ambient air
to dissipate heat. They have
fans and heat exchangers to
transfer heat from the
refrigerant to the air.
HOW MANY TYPE OF BOLIER?

2.Water-Cooled Chiller:
These chillers use water as a heat
exchange medium. They transfer
heat to a separate water loop,
which is then cooled using a
cooling tower or another method.
HOW MANY TYPE OF CHILLER?

3.Absorption Chiller:
These chillers use heat energy,
often steam or hot water, to
drive the cooling process. They
are more energy-efficient in
certain applications but are
less common.
SCHEMATIC FLOW DIAGRAM OF CHILLER
 WORKING PRINCIPLE OF BOLIER
The working principle of a chiller involves a refrigeration cycle similar to that of an air
conditioner but on a larger scale. Here are the basic steps:
1) Evaporation: A liquid refrigerant (commonly R-134a or R-410a) evaporates in an evaporator coil, absorbing heat

from the water or air being cooled.

2) Compression: The vaporized refrigerant is compressed by a compressor, raising its temperature and pressure.

3) Condensation: The hot, high-pressure gas is then condensed in a condenser coil, releasing heat to the surroundings

(either through air or water).

4) Expansion: After condensation, the high-pressure liquid refrigerant is passed through an expansion valve or an

orifice, where it rapidly expands, causing a drop in temperature and pressure.

5) Evaporation (Again): The low-pressure, low-temperature refrigerant returns to the evaporator to start the cycle over.
This continuous cycle removes heat from the target environment, cooling the water or air that's circulated through the system.
The type of chiller and its specific components may vary, but this basic refrigeration cycle is at the core of how chillers work
to provide cooling for various applications, such as air conditioning in buildings or industrial processes.
 WHAT TYPE OF PROBLEM HAVE FACED? HOW DO YOU FIX THEM?

Chillers can face various problems over time, and troubleshooting and fixing these issues often require the expertise of trained technicians. Here are some common problems with chillers and potential solutions:

1) Refrigerant Leaks: If there's a refrigerant leak, it can lead to reduced cooling capacity and inefficiency. Technicians need to locate and repair the leak and
then recharge the chiller with the correct amount of refrigerant.
2) Compressor Issues: Compressor problems can manifest as reduced cooling capacity or unusual noises. This might require compressor repair or replacement,
depending on the severity of the issue.
3) Dirty Condenser or Evaporator Coils: Over time, dust and dirt can accumulate on the coils, reducing heat transfer efficiency. Regular maintenance,
including cleaning the coils, can help solve this problem.
4) Low Flow or Pressure in Water Circulation: Low water flow or pressure can result in reduced cooling capacity. This could be due to issues with pumps,
valves, or water supply. Check and address these components as needed.
5) Electrical Problems: Faulty electrical components, such as capacitors or relays, can lead to chiller malfunctions. Electrical issues should be diagnosed and
repaired by qualified electricians.
6) Thermostat or Control Problems: Incorrect temperature settings or malfunctioning control systems can cause inconsistent cooling. Check and recalibrate
thermostats and control systems as necessary.
7) Oil Fouling: In some chillers, the compressor oil can become fouled, affecting its performance. Proper maintenance and regular oil changes can address this
issue.
8) Vibration and Noise: Unusual vibrations or noises may indicate mechanical problems, loose components, or imbalanced fans. Inspection and maintenance
can resolve these issues.
9) Water Treatment and Scaling: If the chiller uses water as a heat exchange medium, scaling and mineral buildup can occur, reducing heat transfer efficiency.
Regular water treatment and cleaning can help prevent this.
10) Chilled Water Temperature Deviation: If the chiller isn't maintaining the desired temperature, it could be due to control system issues, sensor calibration
problems, or a mismatch between the load and chiller capacity. Calibration and system adjustments might be necessary.
THANK YOU