PROBABILITY

REVIEW Rica and Nick are playing cards.

Rica challenged Nick to draw a
card and if Nick picked an ace
or a face card, Rica would give
Nick Php 1,000.00. What is the
probability that Nick wins?
A =
EventSample
𝑨𝑯 𝑪Space
1: , 𝑨 ,
Picking 𝑨 𝑫 𝑺
,
an𝑨ace
MUTUALLY𝑯 EXCLUSIVE
𝑪 𝑫 𝑺 EVENTS 𝑺
S =
Event𝑨 ,
𝑯
2: 𝑨 𝑪, 𝑨
Picking𝑫 ,
F = 𝑱 ,𝑱 ,𝑱 ,𝑱 ,…𝑲 𝑨
a𝑺 , …
face , 𝑲
𝑺
card
DISCOVER
TOGETHER
3
INDEPENDENT EVENTS
Two events are independent if the
occurrence of one of the events
does not affect the occurrence of
the other event.
DEPENDENT EVENTS
Two events are dependent if the
occurrence of the first affects the
occurrence of the second so that
the probability is changed.
 DEPENDENT EVENTS
You reviewed your math
lessons last night for your
examination and then you
got 90 as a grade in the
examination.
6
DEPENDENT EVENTS
You prepared a business
proposal very well and
then you closed the deal
with the investors.

7
INDEPENDENT EVENTS
The skies went dark and
then the chalk fell

DEPENDENT EVENTS
The sun is searing hot and
then the exposed candles
melted
8
 DEPENDENT EVENTS
The current went out and
then the room went black

INDEPENDENT EVENTS
You finished college and
then Allen won the
jackpot prize in lotto
9
 DEPENDENT EVENTS
It rained and then the road
became slippery

DEPENDENT EVENTS
A pandemic broke out and
then everyone stayed
inside their houses
10
INDEPENDENT EVENTS
Jay overeats and then Joy
gained weight
INDEPENDENT EVENTS
You became a popular
singer and then your
friend became a popular
comedian 11
ANALYZE
FURTHER

20XX Pitch deck title 12

 INDEPENDENT
EVENTS
rolling a five in
tossing a die and
getting a tail in
tossing a coin
20XX Pitch deck title 13
 INDEPENDENT
EVENTS
drawing a face card
from a standard deck
of cards, returning it,
and drawing another a
numbered card
20XX Pitch deck title 14
 INDEPENDENT
EVENTS
flipping a tail in
tossing a coin then
getting a six in
rolling a die
20XX Pitch deck title 15
 DEPENDENT
EVENTS
drawing two cards
from a standard
deck of cards one
card after the other
20XX Pitch deck title 16
 DEPENDENT
EVENTS
drawing a blue Mentos
and a green Mentos one at
a time from a bag of
Mentos candies containing
two blue Mentos and
green Mentos without
replacement
20XX Pitch deck title 17
 INDEPENDENT
EVENTS
drawing a blue Mentos
and a green Mentos one at
a time from a bag of
Mentos candies containing
two blue Mentos and
green Mentos with
replacement
20XX Pitch deck title 18
 INDEPENDENT
EVENTS
A card is selected from
a deck of cards and
returned. Then a
second card is
selected.
20XX Pitch deck title 19
 DEPENDENT
EVENTS
Andrea selects a shirt
from her closet to
wear on Monday and
then a different shirt to
wear on Tuesday.
20XX Pitch deck title 20
INDEPENDENT EVENTS
Two events are independent if the
occurrence of one of the events
does not affect the occurrence of
the other event.
Probability of Independent Events
If A and B are independent events, then
𝑃(𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) ∙ 𝑃(𝐵) or 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) =
𝑃(𝐴) ∙ 𝑃(𝐵)
DEPENDENT EVENTS
Two events are dependent if the
occurrence of the first affects the
occurrence of the second so that
the probability is changed.

Probability of Dependent Events

If A and B are dependent events, then
𝑃(𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) ∙ 𝑃(𝐵 𝑓𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐴) or
𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) ∙ 𝑃(𝐵 𝑓𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐴)
 WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE?
DEPENDENT EVENTS EXCLUSIVE EVENTS
A bag of jelly beans
A bag of jelly beans
contains ten red and six
contains ten red and six
green jelly beans. What
green jelly beans. What
is the probability of
is the probability of
getting a red jelly bean
getting a red jelly bean
first, then a non-red
or a green jelly bean if a
jelly bean if two jelly
jelly bean is chosen?
beans are chosen?
 WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE?
INDEPENDENT
EVENTS EXCLUSIVE EVENTS
Two senior students, one A senior student from a
from each public schools public school is randomly
are randomly selected to selected to travel to Japan,
travel to Japan, Ann is in a Ann is in a class of
class of eighteen students eighteen students and Ray
and Ray is in a class of is in a class of twenty
twenty students. Find the students. Find the
probability that both Ann probability that Ann or Ray
and Ray will be selected. will be selected.
 WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE?

INDEPENDENT EXCLUSIVE EVENTS

EVENTS
In an experiment which
involves tossing a coin
then rolling a die, find the
probability of obtaining a
tail and a prime number.
In an experiment which
involves tossing a coin and
rolling a die, find the
probability of obtaining a
tail and a prime number.
 WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE?

INDEPENDENT EXCLUSIVE EVENTS

EVENTS

Two dice are rolled, what Two dice are rolled, what
is the probability of rolling is the probability of rolling
a 5 on the first die and a a 5 and a divisor of eight?
divisor of eight on the
second die?
EXAMPLE 1:
INDEPENDENT EVENTS
A drawstring bag contains 3 green marbles
and 1 yellow marble. Ben draws a marble,
returns it to the bag, and then draw another
marble. What is the probability that the first
marble is green, and the second marble is
yellow?
𝑃(𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) ∙ 𝑃(𝐵)
EXAMPLE 2:

DEPENDENT EVENTS
A drawstring bag contains 3 green marbles
and 1 yellow marble. Ben draws a marble,
keeps it and then draw another marble. What
is the probability that the first marble is green,
and the second marble is yellow?

𝑃(𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) ∙ 𝑃(𝐵 𝑓𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐴)

EXAMPLE 3:
INDEPENDENT EVENTS
Find the probability of rolling 1 in
a six sided-die then drawing a
lettered card from a deck of 52
playing card.
𝑃(𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) ∙ 𝑃(𝐵)
EXAMPLE 4:
INDEPENDENT EVENTS
A bag contains six blue marbles, nine red
marbles, four yellow marbles and two green
marbles. The experiment involves randomly
picking a marble from the bag, returning it, then
picking a second marble. Find the probability of
getting a blue marble on the first draw, then a
green marble on the second draw.

𝑃(𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) ∙ 𝑃(𝐵)

EXAMPLE 5:
DEPENDENT EVENTS
Car Rental Company has seven white vans, five
gray vans, four black vans and two blue vans.
Hans needs three vans for a field trip. What is
the probability that Hans will choose a white
van then a black van, and then a gray van as
the first van, second van, and third van,
respectively?
𝑃(𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) ∙ 𝑃(𝐵 𝑓𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐴)
EXAMPLE 6:
INDEPENDENT EVENTS
Two senior students, one from each public
schools are randomly selected to travel to
United Kingdom, Wes is in a class of eighteen
students and Ren is in a class of twenty
students. Find the probability that both Wes
and Ren will be selected.

𝑃(𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) ∙ 𝑃(𝐵)

EXAMPLE 7:
INDEPENDENT EVENTS
The probability that a student likes siomai is
0.28. The probability that a student plays
guitar is 0.13. What is the probability that a
student selected at random plays guitar and
likes siomai? Assume that the two events are
independent.

𝑃(𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) ∙ 𝑃(𝐵)

EXAMPLE 8:
DEPENDENT EVENTS
The probability that a student likes siomai is
0.17. The probability that a student likes
siopao is 0.12. What is the probability that a
student selected at random likes siomai and
siopao? Assume that the two events are
dependent.

𝑃(𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) ∙ 𝑃(𝐵 following A)

HOMEWORK 1 (5 PTS):
DEPENDENT EVENTS
A bag of jelly beans contains ten red, six
green, seven yellow, and five orange jelly
beans. What is the probability of getting a red
jelly bean first, then a non-red jelly bean if two
jelly beans are chosen?

𝑃(𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) ∙ 𝑃(𝐵 𝑓𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐴)

HOMEWORK 2 (5 PTS):
INDEPENDENT EVENTS
An experiment which involves choosing a
marble from a bag containing five green
marbles and three red marbles, and then
tossing a fair coin. Find the probability of
getting a green marble from the bag and then
getting a tail in flipping a fair coin.

𝑃(𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) ∙ 𝑃(𝐵)

 DETERMINE IF THE PROBLEM IS INDEPENDENT
OR DEPENDENT EVENTS, THEN SOLVE FOR WHAT
IS BEING ASKED.
1. A box of chocolates contains ten milk chocolates,
eight dark chocolates, and six white chocolates.
Lance chooses a chocolate, eat it, and then chooses
another chocolate. What is the probability that he
chose a milk chocolate, and then a dark chocolate?
2. From a standard deck of 52 cards, two cards are
drawn at random. If the first card drawn is returned
randomly in the deck of cards before picking the
second card, what is the probability of drawing a
numbered card and then a face card?
 DETERMINE IF THE PROBLEM IS INDEPENDENT
OR DEPENDENT EVENTS, THEN SOLVE FOR WHAT
IS BEING ASKED.
3. Mary has 5 dresses and 7 blouses in her cabinet.
She wore a dress today and plans to wear another
dress tomorrow. What is the probability of choosing a
dress to wear?

4. The probability that a student plays basketball is

0.64. The probability that a student likes pizza is 0.35.
What is the probability that a student selected
randomly plays basketball and likes pizza. Assume
that the two events are independent.
 DETERMINE IF THE PROBLEM IS INDEPENDENT
OR DEPENDENT EVENTS, THEN SOLVE FOR WHAT
IS BEING ASKED.

5. A spinner is divided into seven equal parts with letters

A – G written on it. Find the probability of getting one
consonant and one vowel if it is spun twice?

6. In a newly bought 8-crayon case, two colors are

selected one after the other. What is the probability
that the color selected is a red and a green?