Major Project Report

On

“A Study on Time Management in the Era of Social

Networks”

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements

for the award of the degree of

Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA)

To

Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Delhi

Guide: Submitted by:

Dr. Malvika Srivastava Shikhar Malhotra

Associate Professor 04913701719

Batch: BBA VI 2019-22

Institute of Information Technology &

Management, New Delhi – 110058
2021-22
 Certificate

I, Mr. Shikhar Malhotra, Roll No. 04913701719 certify that the Project Report/Dissertation

(Paper Code BBA-312) entitled “A Study on Time Management in the Era of Social

Networks” is done by me and is an authentic work carried out by me at Institute of

Information Technology & Management. The matter embodied in this project work has not

been submitted earlier for the award of any degree or diploma to the best of my knowledge and

belief.

Signature:

Date:

Certified that the Project Report/Dissertation (BBA-312) entitled “A Study on Time

Management in the Era of Social Networks” done by Mr. Shikhar Malhotra, Roll No.

04913701719, is completed under my guidance.

Signature of the Guide

Date:

Name of the Guide: Dr. Malvika Srivastava

Designation: Associate Professor

Countersigned

Director/Project Coordinator
 Acknowledgement

The Major Project has been prepared regarding the study on time management in respect of

social media. To all whose ideas were helpful in preparing the project, I express my sincere

thanks. I am grateful to my guide Dr. Malvika Srivastava for giving me ideas, inspiration and

motivation in preparation of this project. I am also thankful to my family members, friends,

company heads, mentors, library staff for helping me throughout my project.

Shikhar Malhotra
 Institute of Information Technology & Management, New Delhi

Assignment No: BBA/312/ 04913701719

Major Project (Paper Code: 312): BBA SEMESTER VI

Background: University Scheme

Students of BBA Semester VI are to carry out a project as part of their curriculum. At the
end of the semester, the students are required to submit a written project report. The objective
of this Circular is to standardise the format of submission of the project report and to lay
guidelines to conduct the project including methodology. This project work is the training
for applying theoretical concepts, tools & techniques to a live situation/problem and
writing a Technical Report.

Objectives

The academic objectives for major project and report writing are:

(a) Work & gain knowledge of real business environment,

(b) Analyse how theoretical concepts taught are applied/not applied in real situations,
(c) Analyse best practices of a company/industry in different functional areas,
(d) Enhance analytical & application abilities of students, and
(e) Develop skills in technical report writing through data collection, data analysis,
data presentation and draw lessons cogently vis-à-vis a given firm or company.

Scope of Report Writing

The topic on which you will be preparing your major project report is “A Study on Time
Management in the Era of Social Networks”. The project report is to be compiled under
the following chapters as per details given in Academic Circular 4/2008 (Revised on
January 2, 2016):

(a) Introduction
(b) Literature Review
(c) Methodology
(d) Data Analysis & Interpretation
(e) Findings and Conclusion
Each student is to collect material on the aspects as mentioned above and arrange it in cogent
manner. One copy of the report is to be submitted to the respective guide as per the schedule
given in the following paragraph.
Schedule & Evaluation Scheme

To be Completed Activity Marks Allotted Remarks

by Date
3th March, 2022 Submission of Project Proposal to 4 Refer
the respective guide & Appendix A.
finalisation of title, objectives,
scope & methodology.
7th March, 2022 Chapter-1 & 2 6 -
21st March, 2022 Submission of Chapter-3, 4
Submission of Questionnaire
(after prior discussion with
Project Guide)
31st March, 2022 Data analysis & Interpretation 6
(Chapter-4) and Chapter-5.
5th April, 2022 First Draft of the report to the 5 Refer
respective guide. Appendix B
& C.
9th April, 2022 Submission of Final Report (one 5 .
hard copy in spiral binding) to the
respective guide.

12th, 13th, 15th & Internal Presentation and Viva to 6 A power

16th April, 2022 the Internal Board of Examiners. point
presentation
of 10 minutes
and viva by
each student
18th April, 2022 Submission of 2 copies Final 4
Hard Bound Report and CD to the
respective guide.
April 4th Week Post submission Viva 10 -
(Tentative date)
May 1st Week External Viva before the external 50 Project Viva.
examiner.
(Tentative date)
Total Marks 100

Format for Compilation

The report is to be compiled and submitted as per the format laid down in Academic
Circular 4/2008 (Revised on 02-01-2016). All students are to strictly adhere to the
format.
Submission
Final report completed in all respects is to be submitted to the guide as per the schedule given
above.

CAUTION: This report is independent work to be conducted by each student

individually. Any previous work or borrowed work will be summarily rejected and in
all cases of rejection the work is to be repeated afresh.

Assignment Prepared by Project Coordinator (BBA-

VI)
(Dr. Malvika Srivastava) (Dr. Jyoti Bhambhani)

Countersigned
Prof. (Dr) Prerna Mahajan
Director

Note: This Assignment Directive shall form part of the dissertation.

 CONTENTS

S. No. Topic Page No

1 Certificate (s) -

2 Acknowledgement -

3 Assignment Directive -

5 List of Tables -

6 List of Figures -

7 Executive Summary -

8 Chapter-1: Introduction 1 – 12

9 Chapter-2: Literature Review 13 – 17

10 Chapter-3: Methodology 18 – 21

11 Chapter-4: Data Analysis and Interpretation 22 – 33

12 Chapter-5: Findings and Conclusion 34 - 37

13 Bibliography -

14 Appendices -
 LIST OF TABLES

Table No Title Page No

1 Awareness regarding Social Networks 22

2 Do you use Social Networking sites? 23

3 Since when you are using Social Media? 24

4 Time spend on Social Media? 25

5 Are you satisfied with the time you spend on Social 26

networking sites?

6 Opinion about Social Media 27

7 Managing time in respect of Social Media 28

8 Feel in control while using Social Media? 29

9 ‘No to Social Media’ when bound in pressure? 30

10 Using any technique to manage time? 31

11 Are the techniques reliable? 32

 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No Title Page No

1 Awareness regarding Social Networks 22

2 Do you use Social Networking sites? 23

3 Since when you are using Social Media? 24

4 Time spend on Social Media? 25

5 Are you satisfied with the time you spend on Social 26

networking sites?

6 Opinion about Social Media 27

7 Managing time in respect of Social Media 28

8 Feel in control while using Social Media? 29

9 ‘No to Social Media’ when bound in pressure? 30

10 Using any technique to manage time? 31

11 Are the techniques reliable? 32

12 Suggestions 33

13 Suggestions 33
 Executive Summary

The project, Time Management in the Era of Social Networks has been prepared with the

objective to analyze the perception of students towards time management, to study the factors

affecting time management and to analyze the role and influence of social networking on

time management.

Time management is the act or process of planning and exercising conscious control over the

amount of time spent on specific activities, especially to increase effectiveness, efficiency and

productivity.It is a meta-activity with the goal to maximize the overall benefit of a set of other

activities within the boundary condition of a limited amount of time, as time itself cannot be

managed because it is fixed.

The major themes arising from the literature on time management include the following:

• Creating an environment conducive to effectiveness

• Setting of priorities

• Carrying out activity around prioritization.

The second aspect of project shows a research study in which I have prepared a Questionnaire

in order to know the perception of different people of different age groups regarding social

media and time management.

 Chapter 1

Introduction

Time management is the act or process of planning and exercising conscious control over the

amount of time spent on specific activities, especially to increase effectiveness, efficiency and

productivity.

It is a meta-activity with the goal to maximize the overall benefit of a set of other activities

within the boundary condition of a limited amount of time, as time itself cannot be managed

because it is fixed.

Time management may be aided by a range of skills, tools, and techniques used to manage time

when accomplishing specific tasks, projects, and goals complying with a due date. Initially,

time management referred to just business or work activities, but eventually the term broadened

to include personal activities as well. A time management system is a designed combination of

processes, tools, techniques, and methods. Time management is usually a necessity in

any project development as it determines the project completion time and scope.

The major themes arising from the literature on time management include the following:

• Creating an environment conducive to effectiveness

• Setting of priorities

• Carrying out activity around prioritization.

• The related process of reduction of time spent on non-priorities

• Incentives to modify behaviour to ensure compliance with time-related deadlines.

Time management has been considered to be a subset of different concepts such as:

• Project Management: Time Management can be considered to be a project management

subset and is more commonly known as project planning and project scheduling. Time

Management has also been identified as one of the core functions identified in project

management.

• Attention Management: Attention Management relates to the management of cognitive

resources, and in particular the time that humans allocate their mind (and organize the

minds of their employees) to conduct some activities.

Organizational Time Management is the science of identifying, valuing and reducing wasted

time within organizations. Organizational Time Management identifies, reports and financially

values sustainable time, wasted time and productive time within an organization and develops

the business case to convert wasted time into productive time through the funding of products,

services, projects or initiatives at a positive return on investment.

Creating an Effective Environment

Some time-management literature stresses tasks related to the creation of an environment

conducive to "real" effectiveness. These strategies include principles such as:

• "get organized" - the triage of paperwork and of tasks

• "protecting one's time" by insulation, isolation and delegation

• "achievement through goal-management and through goal-focus" - motivational emphasis

• "recovering from bad time-habits" - recovery from underlying psychological problems,

e.g. procrastination
Writers on creating an environment for effectiveness refer to such matters as having a tidy

office or home for unleashing creativity, and the need to protect "prime time". Literature also

focuses on overcoming chronic psychological issues such as procrastination.

Excessive and chronic inability to manage time effectively may result from Attention Deficit

Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) or Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) Diagnostic criteria

include a sense of underachievement, difficulty getting organized, trouble getting started, many

projects going simultaneously and trouble with follow-through. Some authors focus on

the prefrontal cortex which is the most recently evolved part of the brain. It controls the

functions of attention-span, impulse-control, organization, learning from experience and self-

monitoring, among others. Some authors argue that changing the way the prefrontal cortex

works is possible and offer a solution.

Setting Priorities and Goals

Time management strategies are often associated with the recommendation to set personal

goals. The literature stresses themes such as -

• "Work in Priority Order" - set goals and prioritize

• "Set gravitational goals" - that attract actions automatically

These goals are recorded and may be broken down into a project, an action plan, or a simple

task list. For individual tasks or for goals, an importance rating may be established, deadlines

may be set, and priorities assigned. This process results in a plan with a task list or a schedule

or calendar of activities. Authors may recommend a daily, weekly, monthly or other planning

periods associated with different scope of planning or review. This is done in various ways, as

follows.
ABC analysis

A technique that has been used in business management for a long time is the categorization

of large data into groups. These groups are often marked A, B, and C—hence the name.

Activities are ranked by these general criteria:

• A – Tasks that are perceived as being urgent and important,

• B – Tasks that are important but not urgent,

• C – Tasks that are unimportant. (whether urgent or not)

Each group is then rank-ordered by priority. To further refine the prioritization, some

individuals choose to then force-rank all "B" items as either "A" or "C". ABC analysis can

incorporate more than three groups.

ABC analysis is frequently combined with Pareto analysis.]

Pareto analysis

This is the idea 80% of tasks can be completed in 20% of the disposable time. The remaining

20% of tasks will take up 80% of the time. This principle is used to sort tasks into two parts.

According to this form of Pareto analysis it is recommended that tasks that fall into the first

category be assigned a higher priority.

The 80-20-rule can also be applied to increase productivity: it is assumed that 80% of the

productivity can be achieved by doing 20% of the tasks. Similarly, 80% of results can be

attributed to 20% of activity. If productivity is the aim of time management, then these tasks

should be prioritized higher.

It depends on the method adopted to complete the task. There is always a simpler and easier

way to complete the task. If one uses a complex way, it will be time consuming. So, one should

always try to find out alternative ways to complete each task.

The Eisenhower Method

The "Eisenhower Method" stems from a quote attributed to Dwight D. Eisenhower: "I have

two kinds of problems, the urgent and the important. The urgent are not important, and the

important are never urgent.”

Using the Eisenhower Decision Principle, tasks are evaluated using the criteria

important/unimportant and urgent/not urgent, and then placed in according quadrants in an

Eisenhower Matrix (also known as an "Eisenhower Box" or "Eisenhower Decision Matrix"]).

Tasks are then handled as follows:

Tasks in

1. Important/Urgent quadrant are done immediately and personally e.g. crises, deadlines,

problems.

2. Important/Not Urgent quadrant get an end date and are done personally e.g.

relationships, planning, recreation.

3. Unimportant/Urgent quadrant are delegated e.g. interruptions, meetings, activities.

4. Unimportant/Not Urgent quadrant are dropped e.g. time wasters, pleasant activities,

trivia.

This method is said to have been used by U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower
POSEC method

POSEC is an acronym for Prioritize by Organizing, Streamlining, Economizing and

Contributing. The method dictates a template which emphasizes an average individual's

immediate sense of emotional and monetary security. It suggests that by attending to one's

personal responsibilities first, an individual is better positioned to shoulder collective

responsibilities.

Inherent in the acronym is a hierarchy of self-realization, which mirrors Abraham

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs:

1. Prioritize - Your time and define your life by goals.

2. Organize - Things you have to accomplish regularly to be successful (family and

finances).

3. Streamline - Things you may not like to do, but must do (work and chores).

4. Economize - Things you should do or may even like to do, but they're not pressingly

urgent (pastimes and socializing).

5. Contribute - By paying attention to the few remaining things that make a difference

(social obligations).
Implementation of goals

A task list (also to-do list or things-to-do) is a list of tasks to be completed, such as chores or

steps toward completing a project. It is an inventory tool which serves as an alternative or

supplement to memory.

Task lists are used in self-management, grocery lists, business management, project

management, and software development. It may involve more than one list.

When one of the items on a task list is accomplished, the task is checked or crossed off. The

traditional method is to write these on a piece of paper with a pen or pencil, usually on a note

pad or clip-board. Task lists can also have the form of paper or software checklists.

Software applications

Many companies use time tracking software to track an employee's working time, billable

hours etc., e.g. law practice management software.

Many software products for time management support multiple users. They allow the person

to give tasks to other users and use the software for communication.

Task list applications may be thought of as lightweight personal information

manager or project management software.

Time management systems

Time management systems often include a time clock or web-based application used to track

an employee’s work hours. Time management systems give employers insights into their
workforce, allowing them to see, plan and manage employees' time. Doing so allows employers

to control labor costs and increase productivity. A time management system automates

processes, which eliminates paper work and tedious tasks.

GTD (Getting Things Done)

GTD Getting Things Done was created by David Allen and the basic idea behind this method

is to finish all the small tasks immediately and a big task is to be divided into smaller tasks to

start completing now. The reasoning behind this is to avoid the information overload or "brain

freeze" which is likely to occur when there are hundreds of tasks. The thrust of GTD is to

encourage the user to get their tasks and ideas out and on paper and organized as quickly as

possible so they're easy to manage and see.

SOCIAL NETWORKS

Facebook

Facebook is an American for-profit corporation and online social media and social

networking service based in Menlo Park, California. The Facebook website was launched on

February 4, 2004, by Mark Zuckerberg, along with fellow Harvard College students and

roommates, Eduardo Saverin, Andrew McCollum, Dustin Moskovitz, and Chris Hughes.

The founders had initially limited the website's membership to Harvard students; however, later

they expanded it to higher education institutions in the Boston area, the Ivy League schools,

and Stanford University. Facebook gradually added support for students at various other

universities, and eventually to high school students as well. Since 2006, anyone age 13 and

older has been allowed to become a registered user of Facebook, though variations exist in the

minimum age requirement, depending on applicable local laws. The Facebook name comes

from the facebook directories often given to United States university students.

Facebook may be accessed by a large range of desktops, laptops, tablet computers, and smart

phones over the Internet and mobile networks. After registering to use the site, users can create

a user profile indicating their name, occupation, schools attended and so on. Users can add

other users as "friends", exchange messages, post status updates and digital photos, share

digital videos and links, use various software applications ("apps"), and receive notifications

when others update their profiles or make posts. Additionally, users may join common-interest

user groups organized by workplace, school, hobbies or other topics, and categorize their

friends into lists such as "People From Work" or "Close Friends".

WhatsApp

WhatsApp Messenger is a freeware, cross-platform and end-to-end encrypted instant

messaging application for smart phones. It uses the Internet to make voice calls, one to one

video calls; send text messages, images, GIF, videos, documents, user location, audio files,

phone contacts and voice notes to other users using standard cellular mobile numbers. It also

incorporates a feature called Status, which allows users to upload photos and videos to a 24-

hours-lifetime feed that, by default, are visible to all contacts; similar

to Snapchat, Facebook and Instagram Stories.

WhatsApp Inc., based in Mountain View, California, was acquired by Facebook in February

2014 for approximately US$19.3 billion. By February 2016, WhatsApp had a user base of over

one billion making it the most popular messaging application at the time.

Instagram

Instagram is a mobile photo-sharing application and service that allows users to share pictures

and videos either publicly or privately on the service, as well as through a variety of other social

networking platforms, such as Facebook, Twitter, Tumblr, and Flickr. Originally, a distinctive

feature was its confining of photos to a square, similar to Kodak Instamatic and Polaroid SX-

70 images, in contrast to the 4:3 aspect ratio typically used by mobile-device cameras. In

August 2015, version 7.5 was released for mobile devices, allowing users to upload media

captured in any aspect ratio, but not at full size. Users can also apply various digital filters to

their images. In June 2013, Instagram added support for videos, allowing prerecorded

square standard definition resolution clips of up to 15 seconds to be shared; later updates

introduced support for widescreen resolutions at 360p and longer recording times for either
pre-recorded (up to one minute per video, or up to 10 minutes with a multi-video post) or

disappearing live videos (up to one hour).

Instagram was created by Kevin Systrom and Mike Krieger, and was launched in October 2010

as a free mobile app, exclusively for the iOS mobile platform via the Apple App Store, but was

later released for Android devices two years later, on April 3, 2012. The service rapidly gained

popularity, with over 100 million active users as of April 2012 and over 300 million as of

December 2014. Support for the app is available for iPhone, iPad, iPod Touch, Windows

10 devices and Android handsets, while third-party Instagram apps are available

for BlackBerry 10 and Nokia-Symbian Devices.

Snapchat

Snapchat is an image messaging and multimedia mobile application created by Evan

Spiegel, Bobby Murphy, and Reggie Brown, former students at Stanford University, and

developed by Snap Inc., originally Snapchat Inc. One of the principal concepts of Snapchat is

that pictures and messages are only available for a short time before they become inaccessible.

The prototype for Snapchat was started by Brown and Spiegel as a project for one of Spiegel's

classes at Stanford, where Spiegel was a product design major. Beginning as "Picaboo", the

idea was to create a selfie app (application) which allowed users to share images that were

explicitly short-lived and self-deleting. The temporary nature of the pictures would therefore

encourage frivolity and emphasize a more natural flow of interaction. When, in April 2011,

Spiegel floated the product idea in front of his class as a final project, the classmates focused

on the impermanent aspect of the potential product, and balked at the thought of temporary

photos. Murphy was eventually brought into the project to write the source code for the

application, and Picaboo first launched as an iOS -only app in July 2011 from Evan Spiegel's
living room (who was still staying at home with his father when not away at school). The

application was relaunched two months later under the name Snapchat.

Snapchat evolved into a mix of private messaging and public content, including brand

networks, publications, and live events such as sports and music. Nevertheless, according to

survey studies conducted in March 2016, the personal oriented messaging was still being

accessed by users more than the publicly offered content that was being presented. 71% of

users surveyed said that they preferred the app for its chat, messaging, and imaging services,

versus 5% who almost exclusively chose the various events, published features, and media

content on a daily basis. 24% responded that they accessed all features equally. However, about

three quarters of those surveyed were also familiar with the events, media brands, and celebrity

content, having a favourable opinion of those areas.

 Chapter – 2

Literature Review

Paper Name:

Social Media Time Management Tools and Tips

Author Name:

Laura Malita

Year of Issue:

February 2011

Summary:

At the beginning of the 21st century, we are now for a couple of years in the social media era,

where we are confronting with a lot of applications and tools, easy to use, friendlier, free to

use, easy to (re)build. No matter on which kind of activities we intend to spend time, there are

plenty of similar applications with similar functionalities.

More than that, people in the 21st century live in a technology and media-suffused

environment, marked by various characteristics, including: access to an abundance of

information, rapid changes in technology tools and services. In order to be effective in the 21st

century, there are plenty of almost unknown applications for the large mass of Internet users

that can be useful for different types of activities and/or purposes. Accordingly, through this

paper, we intend to offer some insightful help for social media users in order to be able to

organize their information, activities and work, to become more productive and to avoid

wasting their time. More than that, in this paper, we intend to present both positive aspects of

different technologies which could be used for specific purposes or activities, without ignoring,

however, some lesser-known facets and recommended, yet equally important, but they must be

aware to take them into account.

Paper Name:

College student’s Time Management: Correlations with academic performance and stress

Author Name:

Macan

Year of Issue:

December 1990

Summary

Many college students may find the academic experience very stressful (K. J. Swick, 1987).

One potential coping strategy frequently offered by university counseling services is time

management. 165 students completed a questionnaire assessing their time management

behaviors and attitudes, stress, and self-perceptions of performance and grade point average

(GPA). The study revealed 2 major findings. The Time Management Behaviour Scale consists

of 4 relatively independent factors; the most predictive was Perceived Control of Time.

Students who perceived control of their time reported significantly greater evaluations of their

performance, greater work and life satisfaction, less role ambiguity, less role overload, and

fewer job-induced and somatic tensions. Findings are consistent with theory and advice on time

management but also indicate that the dynamics of time management are more complex than

previously believed.
Paper Name:

Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of social media

Author Name:

Andreas M. Kaplan

Year of Issue:

October 2009

Summary:

The concept of Social Media is top of the agenda for many business executives today. Decision

makers, as well as consultants, try to identify ways in which firms can make profitable use of

applications such as Wikipedia, YouTube, Facebook, Second Life, and Twitter. Yet despite

this interest, there seems to be very limited understanding of what the term “Social Media”

exactly means; this article intends to provide some clarification. We begin by describing the

concept of Social Media, and discuss how it differs from related concepts such as Web 2.0 and

User Generated Content. Based on this definition, we then provide a classification of Social

Media which groups applications currently subsumed under the generalized term into more

specific categories by characteristic: collaborative projects, blogs, content communities, social

networking sites, virtual game worlds, and virtual social worlds. Finally, we present 10 pieces

of advice for companies which decide to utilize Social Media.

Paper Name:

Teens and Social Media

Author Name:

Amanda Lenhart

Year of Issue:

December 2015

Summary:

Content creation by teenagers continues to grow, with 64% of online teenagers ages 12 to 17

engaging in at least one type of content creation, up from 57% of online teens in 2013. Girls

continue to dominate most elements of content creation. Some 35% of all teen girls blog,

compared with 20% of online boys, and 54% of wired girls post photos online compared with

40% of online boys. Boys, however, do dominate one area - posting of video content online.

Online teen boys are nearly twice as likely as online girls (19% vs. 10%) to have posted a video

online somewhere where someone else could see it. The survey found that content creation is

not just about sharing creative output; it is also about participating in conversations fueled by

that content. Nearly half (47%) of online teens have posted photos where others can see them,

and 89% of those teens who post photos say that people comment on the images at least "some

of the time." However, many teen content creators do not simply plaster their creative

endeavors on the Web for anyone to view; many teens limit access to content that they share.

There is a subset of teens who are super-communicators -- teens who have a host of technology

options for dealing with family and friends, including traditional landline phones, cell phones,

texting, social network sites, instant messaging, and email. They represent about 28% of the

entire teen population and they are more likely to be older girls.
Paper Name:

Time Management as a moderator of relations between stressors and employee strain

Author Name:

Steve M. Jex

Year of Issue:

November 2010

Summary:

The purpose of this study was to examine whether time management behaviours moderated

relations between stressors (role conflict, role overload, work-family conflict, and family-work

conflict) and strain, as measured by scores on the General Health Questionnaire. It was

predicted that use of time management behaviours would be negatively associated with strain.

These relations, however, were expected to be mediated by feelings of control over time. It was

further predicted that the use of time management behaviours would attenuate stressor-strain

relations. Data collected from 525 employed men and women indicated, as predicted, that use

of time management behaviours was negatively associated with strain. These relations were

partially mediated by feelings of control over time. Moderator tests failed to provide support

for time management behaviour as a moderator of stressor-strain relations. Implications of

findings are discussed and future directions for time management research are suggested.
 Chapter 3

Methodology

3.1 Objectives of Study

The objective of my study is to analyze and to do a study of Time Management in the Era of

Social Networks.

The main objectives are:

1. To analyze the perception of students towards time management.

2. To study the factors affecting time management.

3. To analyze the role and influence of social networking on time management.

3.2 Scope of Study

The scope of my study is to analyze and understand Time Management in respect of Social

Media. It aims to understand the perception of students towards time management, the factors

affecting time management. It would help the people to understand what is the current state,

role and influence of social networking on time management. The study was conducted in Delhi

/ NCR region only. For this purpose, data collection was done through questionnaires.

3.3 Sources of Data Collection

Research in common refers to a search of knowledge. It involves defining and redefining

problems, formulating hypothesis; collecting, organizing and evaluating data; making

deductions and reaching conclusions; and at last carefully testing the conclusions to determine

whether they fit the formulating hypothesis. Research Methodology refers to the methods used

for identification and collection of data and their interpretation and analysis. There are 2 main

sources of collection of data:

Primary data: That is the first hand data. To analyze this study, the method of research used

is Questionnaire.

Secondary data sources i.e. data that are readily available. It is used to gather information

about the company. The source was:

• Research Papers for theoretical knowledge

• Comparative studies made on different players of various sectors in recent scenario.

The various methods used for the analysis of the research data have been defied briefly with

their importance in the study.

➢ Questionnaire: A questionnaire is a formalized set of questions for obtaining information

from respondents. It must translate the information needed into a set of specific questions

that the respondents can and will answer. A questionnaire must uplift, motivate, and

encourage the respondent to become involved in the interview, to cooperate, and to

complete the interview.

➢ Tabulation: It means arranging the data collected through the PI or questionnaires in the

form of tables, charts etc. so as to enable the evaluator to analyze and find conclusion of

the problem in hand. The data is maintained in the form of percentages, summary reports

or tables.
3.3 Universe/Population

The universe consists of all survey elements that qualify for inclusion in the research study.

The precise definition of the universe for a particular study is set by the research

question/objectives, which specifies who or what is of interest. The universe may be

individuals, groups of people, organizations, or even objects. The universe of my study will

include people who are consumers of Organized and Unorganized Retail Sector in India.

3.4 Sampling Unit

The sampling unit selected is for the study regarding Time Management in the Era of Social

Networks. The study focuses on people to control and maintain a proper balance between time

and usage of social media.

3.5 Sample Size

The sample size of my study is 100, wherein 100 people will be questioned about whether they

are able to manage and maintain a proper balance between social media and other activities.

3.6 Sampling Technique

The sampling technique adopted here is Convenience Sampling. A sampling technique is the

name of the technique or identification of the specific process by which the entities/

respondents of the sample have been selected. There are basically two type of sampling

methods- probability sampling methods and non - probability sampling methods.

The method used in the study includes both probability and non- probability methods of

sampling in which 50% respondents are selected through probability sampling methods and

other 50 % through non - probability sampling method.

3.7 Tools Used for Data Analysis

The statistical tools and software tools such as MS-Excel have been used for verifying the

authenticity of the data.

• Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet developed by Microsoft for Windows, macOS, Android

and IOS. It features calculation, graphing tools, pivot tables, and a macro programming

language called Visual Basic for Applications. It has been a very widely applied

spreadsheet for these platforms, especially since version 5 in 1993, and it has replaced

Lotus 1-2-3 as the industry standard for spreadsheets. Excel forms part of Microsoft Office.
 Chapter 4

Data Analysis & Interpretation

1. Awareness regarding Social Networks

S.NO Categories Frequency Percentage

1 Yes 100 100%

2 No 0 0%

Total 100 100%

Table 1: Awareness regarding Social Networks

Figure 1: Awareness regarding Social Networks

Interpretation

The above data shows that 100% people are aware about the social networks who have

participated in the survey.

2. Do you use social networking sites?

S.NO Categories Frequency Percentage

1 Yes 100 100%

2 No 0 0%

Total 100 100%

Table 2: Do you use social networking sites

Figure 2: Do you use social networking sites

Interpretation

The above data shows that 100% people use social networking sites who have participated in

the survey.
3. Since when you are using social media?

S.NO Categories Frequency Percentage

1 Less than one year 7 7%

2 Between 1 – 2 years 7 7%

3 Between 2 – 4 years 11 11%

4 More than 4 years 75 75%

Total 100 100%

Table 3: Since when you are using social media

Figure 3: Since when you are using social media

Interpretation

The above description shows that 75% of the people were in touch with social media for more

than 4 years followed by 11% in the range of 2 – 4 years, 7% between 1 – 2 years and 7% in

the category of less than one year.

4. Time spend on social media (per day basis)

S.NO Categories Frequency Percentage

1 Less than one hour 25 25%

2 Between 1 – 3 hours 50 50%

3 Between 3 – 5 hours 15 15%

4 More than 5 hours 10 10%

Total 100 100%

Table 4: Time spend on social media (per day basis)

Figure 4: Time spend on social media (per day basis)

Interpretation

The above description shows that maximum number of people (50%) spend 1 – 3 hours on

social networking sites followed by 25% (less than one hour), 15% (between 3 – 5 hours), 10%

(More than 5 hours).

5. Are you satisfied with the time you spend on social networking sites?

S.NO Categories Frequency Percentage

1 Yes 76 76%

2 No 24 24%

Total 100 100%

Table 5: Are you satisfied with the time you spend on social networking sites

Figure 5: Are you satisfied with the time you spend on social networking sites

Interpretation

The above data shows that 76% people are satisfied with the time they spend on social

networking sites and 24% are not satisfied with the same.
6. Opinion about Social Media

S.NO Categories Frequency Percentage

1 Wasteful Tool 3 3%

2 Mixed Bag 78 78%

3 Beneficial 11 11%

4 No Comments 8 8%

Total 100 100%

Table 6: Opinion about Social Media

Figure 6: Opinion about Social Media

Interpretation

The above description shows that 78% of the people are of the opinion that social media is a

mixed bag while 11% of the people are of the opinion that social media is beneficial followed

by 3% of the people who thinks about it as a wasteful tool.

7.Managing time in respect of social media

S.NO Categories Frequency Percentage

1 Yes 72 72%

2 No 7 7%

3 Maybe 21 21%

Total 100 100%

Table 7: Managing time in respect of social media

Figure 7: Managing time in respect of social media

Interpretation

The above description shows that 72% of the people are able to manage their time in respect

of social media while 7% of the people are not able to manage their time. On the other hand,

21% of the people opted for ‘maybe’ category.

8. Feel in control while using social media

S.NO Categories Frequency Percentage

1 Always 22 22%

2 Usually 37 37%

3 Sometimes 36 36%

4 Never 5 5%

Total 100 100%

Table 8: Feel in control while using social media

Figure 8: Feel in control while using social media

Interpretation

The above description shows that 22% of the people ‘always’ manage their time while using

social media, 37% of the people ‘usually’ are able to control time while using social media

followed by 36% (sometimes) and 5% (never).

9. ‘No to social media’ when bound in pressure

S.NO Categories Frequency Percentage

1 Yes 62 62%

2 No 17 17%

3 Maybe 21 21%

Total 100 100%

Table 9: ‘No to social media’ when bound in pressure

Figure 9: ‘No to social media’ when bound in pressure

Interpretation

The above description shows that 62% of the people are able to say ‘No to Social Media’ when

pressed in time while 17% of the people are not able to say it. 21% of the people opted for

‘maybe’ category.
10.Using any techniques to manage time

S.NO Categories Frequency Percentage

1 Yes 34 34%

2 No 41 41%

3 Sometimes 25 25%

Total 100 100%

Table 10: Using any techniques to manage time

Figure 10: Using any techniques to manage time

Interpretation

The above description shows that 41% of the people don’t use any techniques to manage time

while 34% use some kinds of techniques.

11.Are these techniques reliable?

S.NO Categories Frequency Percentage

1 Yes 62 62%

2 No 38 38%

Total 100 100%

Table 11: Are these techniques reliable?

Figure 11: Are these techniques reliable?

Interpretation

The above description shows that 38% of the people don’t find these techniques reliable while

62% of the people are of the opinion that they are reliable.
12. Do you have any suggestions for time management in the era of social networks?

Figure 12, 13: Suggestions

 Chapter – 5

Findings & Conclusion

5.1 FINDINGS

The below mentioned are findings of the study:

• 100% people amongst the people taking the survey say that they are aware of social

networks.

• 100% people amongst the survey use social networking sites.

• The above description shows that 75% of the people were in touch with social media

for more than 4 years followed by 11% in the range of 2 – 4 years, 7% between 1 – 2

years and 7% in the category of less than one year.

• The above description shows that maximum number of people (50%) spend 1 – 3 hours

on social networking sites followed by 25% (less than one hour), 15% (between 3 – 5

hours), 10% (More than 5 hours).

• The above data shows that 76% people are satisfied with the time they spend on social

networking sites and 24% are not satisfied with the same.

• The above description shows that 78% of the people are of the opinion that social media

is a mixed bag while 11% of the people are of the opinion that social media is beneficial

followed by 3% of the people who thinks about it as a wasteful tool.

• The above description shows that 72% of the people are able to manage their time in

respect of social media while 7% of the people are not able to manage their time. On

the other hand, 21% of the people opted for ‘maybe’ category.
 • The above description shows that 22% of the people ‘always’ manage their time while

using social media, 37% of the people ‘usually’ are able to control time while using

social media followed by 36% (sometimes) and 5% (never).

• The above description shows that 62% of the people are able to say ‘No to Social

Media’ when pressed in time while 17% of the people are not able to say it. 21% of the

people opted for ‘maybe’ category.

• The above description shows that 41% of the people don’t use any techniques to

manage time while 34% use some kinds of techniques.

• The above description shows that 38% of the people don’t find these techniques reliable

while 62% of the people are of the opinion that they are reliable.

5.2 LIMITATIONS

• This research is not the Professional research done.

• There was not much time for me to conduct a research. This research was done in the

short span of 3 months.

• There were not much sources to collect the data except Questionnaire and Secondary

Sources.

• The sample size which was collected is very less i.e. 100.

5.3 SUGGESTIONS

• As per the study undertaken and inferences drawn it can be stated that social media

plays a very important role in the lives of people and has a powerful impact on them

which results in imbalance regarding other activities.

 • The research is conducted in Delhi and Haryana only. Other future

research can address consumers in whole India where people have different

perceptions, cultures and characteristics.

• The sample size was minimized. If the sample size was more, than the research could

have been much result promising.

• There was less time to conduct the research study. If it was more, than the research

could have been much better.

5.4 CONCLUSION

Time management is the act or process of planning and exercising conscious control over the

amount of time spent on specific activities, especially to increase effectiveness, efficiency and

productivity. It is a meta-activity with the goal to maximize the overall benefit of a set of other

activities within the boundary condition of a limited amount of time, as time itself cannot be

managed because it is fixed. The project, Time Management in the Era of Social Networks has

been prepared with the objective to analyse the perception of students towards time

management, to study the factors affecting time management and to analyse the role and

influence of social networking on time management.

The research yields that all the people are aware of social media and are using it. The survey

showed that most of the people are using social media for more than 4 years and spend around

1 – 3 hours of social networking sites on daily basis. The survey also showed that most of the

people have a strong opinion about social media that ‘social media is a mixed bag’ and people

are able to manage and control its usage in respect of their other activities. People of different

age groups and income groups are more or less of the same opinion.
Scope for Further Study

The educational system is under huge transformation. More and more internet and social

networking sites are becoming popular these days. In order to analyse and understand time

management in respect of social media, it is important to know the perception of people towards

time management and the factors affecting it. It would help the people to understand what is

the current state, role and influence of social networking on time management. This study will

act as a basis for future researches by including more variables and dimensions in time

management. Additionally, the study can be broadened in scope for better and reliable results.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
 Bibliography

Books
• Time Management by Rekha Vyas

Websites

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_management-

• http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1096751611000467; -

• http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0007681309000329

• http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0007681309001232

• http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S109499681300039
APPENDICES