388S631 - W Repair Procedure

REPAIR PROCEDURE 388S631 REV W
REPAIR PROCEDURE FOR

CENTRAL BONE DENSITOMETERS
388S631
Norland, a CooperSurgical Company
Corporate Office:
95 Corporate Drive
Trumbull, CT 06611
Technical Support:
Phone: 800-444-8456
or 203-601-5200
Fax: 203-601-1946
Fort Atkinson Office:

W6340 Hackbarth Road
Fort Atkinson, WI 53538
Phone: 920-563-8456
Fax: 920-563-9858
NORLAND PAGE 1
1 SCOPE ....................................................................................................................................................... 3
2 APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS .................................................................................................................. 3
3 DEFINITIONS ........................................................................................................................................... 3
4 RESPONSIBILITIES ................................................................................................................................. 3
5 PROCEDURE ............................................................................................................................................ 4
6 SERVICE SOFTWARE UPGRADE ......................................................................................................... 6
7 TESTING REQUIREMENTS.................................................................................................................... 9
8 REPLACING THE SOURCE CONTROL BOARD................................................................................ 12
9 MOVING A SCANNER .......................................................................................................................... 12
10 SOURCE REPLACEMENT PROCEDURE............................................................................................ 13
11 FILTER ASSEMBLY REPLACEMENT ................................................................................................ 16
12 PMT TUBE IDENTIFICATION AND REPLACEMENT ...................................................................... 16
13 LASER DIODE REPLACEMENT .......................................................................................................... 17
14 MAIN BOARD ....................................................................................................................................... 17
15 MOTOR DRIVER BOARD..................................................................................................................... 18
16 LEVEL SCANNER.................................................................................................................................. 19
17 WIRING DIAGRAMS............................................................................................................................. 20
18 SOURCE/DETECTOR ALIGNMENT PROCEDURE ........................................................................... 22
19 LASER ALIGNMENT PROCEDURE .................................................................................................... 28
20 SET PMT GAINS..................................................................................................................................... 28
21 SOURCE COUNT RATE CHECK.......................................................................................................... 36
22 BEAM STABILITY TEST ...................................................................................................................... 38
23 TABLE (RAIL ALIGNMENT) TEST ..................................................................................................... 42
24 FUNCTION TESTS ................................................................................................................................. 45
25 CURRENT LEAKAGE TEST ................................................................................................................. 46
26 SKIP TEST............................................................................................................................................... 46
27 FILTER TEST.......................................................................................................................................... 48
28 SECURE THE TABLE TOP.................................................................................................................... 50
29 DAILY CALIBRATION.......................................................................................................................... 50
30 INITIAL CALIBRATION ....................................................................................................................... 51
31 QC SPINE PHANTOM SCANS FOR SYSTEMS USING GEM SOFTWARE ..................................... 56
32 FINAL FACTOR (CORRECTION FACTOR)........................................................................................ 56
33 REGULATORY LABEL LOCATIONS.................................................................................................. 58
34 PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE ........................................................................................................... 61
35 XMAKEPRD............................................................................................................................................ 63
36 SERVICE ORDER FORM FRM-107- USA only.................................................................................... 64
37 PARTS ..................................................................................................................................................... 64
38 FDA FORM 2579 – USA ONLY............................................................................................................. 65
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1 SCOPE
1.1 To establish a uniform procedure for testing/repairing an X-Ray Bone Densitometer, to ensure a properly
operating instrument, a satisfied customer, and compliance with regulatory requirements.
2 APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS
2.1 Completing the Service Order Form 900S064
2.2 Service Order FRM-170
2.3 Exchange Request Form FRM-080
2.4 Installation Procedures 433S146, 432S055, and 434S160
2.5 Computer Replacement Procedure 398S039
3 DEFINITIONS
3.1 Service Agent: Service personnel that have completed technical training and demonstrated their ability to
complete the requirements for installation and service support. This includes Service Center Technicians,
Technical Support Engineers, and Third Party Service Engineers.
3.2 Devices: any units, assemblies, and accessories.
3.3 Complaint: Actual or potential safety hazard, death or injury above and beyond the intended use.
3.4 Problem: Software/hardware maintenance and/or repair.
3.5 Certified Component: Any component that would require the unit to have a certification label for that part, and
when replaced, would be required to have an FDA 2579 form filled out. For example: X-Ray Source, Beam
Limiter, and Controller (computer).
3.6 HID: Hardware Identification Device.
3.7 RA: Return Authorization number.
3.8 4-Channel or QS (QuikScan): Any system using 3.X.X host software, QuikScan device, any scanner equipped
with QS hardware.
3.9 2-Channel: Any scanner using 2.5.X or lower revision host software.
3.10 Autoset: Scanners with autoset hardware can be identified by selecting SCOM from the XSST menu and entering
AD. If the response is “My” then autoset hardware is installed.
3.11 PMT: Photo Multiplier Tube
3.12 Indicates general caution, safety hazard, or information.
3.13 Indicates radiation from laser apparatus.

3.14 The “READY” light on the scanner front panel indicates the power is applied to the x-ray source.
3.15 The “X-RAY” light on the scanner front panel indicates the shutter is open and x-rays are being emitted.
3.16 The “Laser” light on the scanner front panel indicates the laser is turned on.
4 RESPONSIBILITIES
4.1 The Service Agent is responsible for:

4.1.1 Repairing devices in accordance with this document.
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4.1.2 Verifying all tests meet the specifications that are listed.
4.1.3 Completing the paperwork.
4.1.4 (USA only) Delivering the completed Form 2579 to Norland within one week of the activity if a certified
component has been replaced or a stationary scanner is moved to a different location. A replica of this
form is included in this document.
4.1.5 Reporting to Product Support if these assembly instructions do not permit proper support for any device
and/or it’s certifiable components for any reason.
4.1.6 Handling static sensitive devices with proper precautions.
4.1.7 Exercising electrical, x-ray and mechanical safety precautions when operating or repairing the
device.
4.1.8 Returning all defective devices to Norland with a Return Authorization number.
4.2 The Service Agent is not permitted to make any modifications to certified components that could adversely affect
their performance.
5 PROCEDURE
¾ USA SERVICE AGENTS:
5.1 After a problem is reported and it is determined that on-site support is required a Service Agent is dispatched.
5.2 Dispatch will give the Service Agent all necessary repair information.
5.3 Norland Technical Support must authorize all repairs.
5.4 To obtain the authorization the customer must talk to Norland technical support, to determine that on-site support
is necessary.
5.5 An authorization number is given to the Service Agent.
5.6 Once on site, the Service Agent notifies Norland dispatch that they have arrived.
5.7 Service Agent allows the customer to communicate his/her concerns with the equipment.
5.8 The problem is recorded on the Service Report.
5.9 Service Agent begins his/her investigation of the customer’s reported problem, after which the Service Agent
determines the failure/malfunction and records the diagnosis on the Service Report.
CAUTION: Exercise care whenever working around x-ray sources. Avoid unnecessary x-ray exposure. Do not
permit the beam to impinge on any part of your body at any time, especially your hands, arms and head. It is
recommended that you wear a radiation dose badge to monitor any radiation exposure.
CAUTION: Exercise caution while testing the mechanical movement. Keep hands and all objects clear of the
arm assembly while in motion to avoid pinch points.
5.10 CAUTION: Exercise caution when working with the covers removed. To prevent electrical shock use
caution to avoid contact with exposed components.
5.11 Service Agent proceeds to correct the malfunction. The Service Agent will describe the corrective action taken to
resolve the problem on the Service Report. Including all parts replaced.
5.12 If applicable, when a filter assembly or a source is replaced, the existing certification label for that component is
removed from the scanner. The new label is applied.
5.13 The Service Agent signs the Service Order indicating the scanner is working as intended and the test results meet
the listed specifications. Complete the Service Order using the Service Order Form Procedure, 900S064.
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5.14 Ask the customer to sign the Service Order.

5.15 Identify all unused or defective devices returning to Norland with a Return Authorization tag. The RA Tag must
include the following information:
• RA number
• Call number
• Facility Name
• Part number or description
• Serial Number of part
• Description of Failure: Unused Part, Installation Failure, describe the failure, and indicate if an intermittent
failure.
5.16 Return parts to:
Attn: RA #_________________
5.17 The Service Agent notifies Norland Technical Support that the repair is complete before leaving the customer
site.
5.18 The authorization number is referenced on the Service Order and invoice.
5.19 The Service Agent sends Norland the appropriate documentation including printouts, XMAKEPRD, Service
Order, and a completed FDA Form 2579 to Norland within seven working days. A FDA Form 2579 is only
necessary when a stationary scanner is moved, or if a source, computer, or beam limiter is replaced. Send
paperwork to:
95 Corporate Drive
Trumbull, CT 06611
Attn: Technical Support
¾ INTERNATIONAL SERVICE AGENTS:
CAUTION: Exercise care whenever working around x-ray sources. Avoid unnecessary x-ray exposure. Do not
permit the beam to impinge on any part of your body at any time, especially your hands, arms and head. It is
recommended that you wear a radiation dose badge to monitor any radiation exposure.
CAUTION: Exercise caution when working with the covers removed. To prevent electrical shock use caution
to avoid contact with exposed components.
1.1 If a filter assembly or a source is replaced, remove the existing certification label for that component from the
outside of the scanner. Apply the label for the replacement part.
1.2 Use the Exchange Request Form FRM-080, to order replacement parts.
1.3 Identify all unused or defective devices returning to Norland with a Return Authorization tag. The RA Tag must
include the following information:
• RA number
• In Facility Name – enter Company name
• Part number or description
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• Serial Number of part

• Description of Failure: Unused Part, Installation Failure, describe the failure, and indicate if an intermittent
failure. Include printouts where possible.
1.4 Send all paperwork and parts to:

Attn: Technical Support
6 SERVICE SOFTWARE UPGRADE
Upgrade all systems to the latest revision of software. Refer to the appropriate section. For systems with
Illuminatus software refer to the 434S160 Installation Procedure for installation instructions.
SUPPLIES NEEDED:
388A334 XR-Series Service Disk (for 2-channel scanners)
398A020 Generic Tools Disk (for 4-channel scanners)
434A175 Calibration Data Upgrade Disk (for 4-channel scanners)
433A165 Service Scanner Tools Disk (for 4-channel scanners) 394A067 Service File Tools Disk (all scanners)
IMPORTANT: FOR WIN98 SYSTEMS INSTALL THE SOFTWARE FROM THE DESKTOP START/RUN
MENU. DO NOT INSTALL SOFTWARE FROM THE TOOLS ICON DOS PROMPT.
¾ 2-Channel Scanners (Host software Rev 2.5.3 or lower):
Testing for 2-channel scanners will be performed from C:\BD\XRAY directory, using 388A334 XR-Series Service
Disk revision 1.7.0. Type SERVICE to obtain the service tools in the BD\XRAY directory, or change to that
directory by entering CD\BD\XRAY and then typing SERVICE. To select a command, type the corresponding
number and press ENTER. The computer’s communication cable must be on COMM 1 for the 1.7.0 Service tools.
IMPORTANT: If the 1.7.0 Service Disk is re-installed it is also necessary to reinstall the latest revision of the
Service File Tools AFTER the 1.7.0 Service Disk.
388A334 XR-Series Service Disk, revision 1.7.0 installation instructions:
1. Place the disk in the 'A' drive.
2. At the DOS prompt type A:INSTALL, then press the enter key. When the XR Series Service Software
Installation screen appears, press any key to continue. Using the up and down arrow keys select appropriate
printer, then press ENTER to continue. When the Installation Complete screen appears press any key to
return to the DOS prompt.
3. Install the latest revision of the Service File Tools. See instructions below, under “All Scanners”.
¾ 4-Channel Scanners (GEM Host software revision 3.0.0to 3.9.6) :
For 4-channel scanners the testing is performed from the Service Scanner Tools menu. Type XSST to access the
menu. To select a command, press the corresponding letter. Update all 4-channel scanners to the latest revision of
the 433A165 Service Scanner Tools. The latest revision of Generic Tools must be loaded BEFORE the Service
Scanner Tools.
398A020 Generic Tools installation instructions:
1. Insert the 398A020 GT disk into drive 'A'. Type A:INSTALL and press ENTER to begin installation. At
the first screen reading “Norland GT Disk Installation”, press any key (except ESC) to continue.
2. After the installation has finished, press any key to exit to the DOS prompt. Remove the diskette from the
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drive.
434A175 Calibration Data Upgrade Disk installation instructions: (only necessary if date of C:\XR26\Calib.dat
is earlier than March 2005 and always after installing the Host software).
1. Insert the 434A175 Calibration Data Upgrade Disk into drive 'A'. Type A:INSTALL and press ENTER to
begin installation.
2. After the installation has finished, press any key to exit to the DOS prompt. Remove the diskette from the
drive.
NOTE: If the Host software needs to be reinstalled, install this software after the host has been installed.
433A165 Service Scanner Tools (SST) installation instructions:
1. Insert the Service Scanner Tools disk 1 of 2 into the ‘A’ drive. Type A:INSTALL and press ENTER to
begin installation. At the installation screen, press any key (except ESC) to continue.
2. You will be prompted for which type of printer you have installed. Use the arrow keys to select your
printer from the menu, and press ENTER. If you have any printer from the HP DeskJet series, select “HP
DeskJet 500C”.
3. At the “tools resolution” screen select “800 X 600” and press ENTER.
4. The files will decompress to the hard drive.
5. Insert disk 2 when prompted.
6. After the installation has finished, press any key to exit. The software will check your computer
configuration for the proper settings. Press ENTER to confirm and ENTER to return to the DOS prompt.
After upgrading the SST software reconfigure the system:

1. For computers with a DOS operating system: edit the Autoexec.bat file to place the line “if exists
C:\XAUTO.BAT call XAUTO” to the last command.
1.1. At the C:\ prompt type CD\ and press ENTER.
1.2. Type Edit autoexec.bat and press ENTER.
1.3. Use the arrow keys to move to the beginning of the “if exists C:\XAUTO.BAT call XAUTO” line.
1.4. Press the Shift, Ctrl, and right arrow keys to select (highlight) that line.
1.5. Press the Shift and Del keys to remove the line.
1.6. Press the Del key again to remove the empty space.
1.7. Use the arrow keys to move the cursor below the last line.
1.8. Press the Shift and Ins keys to reinsert the “if exists C:\XAUTO.BAT call XAUTO” line. It should
now be the last line of text.
1.9. Press Alt to activate the menus, press F to select File, press X to exit, and press ENTER to save the
changes and exit.
1.10. Press Ctrl, Alt, and Del keys to reboot the computer.
2. If the file “Service.fil” does not exist in the C:\XR26\SERVICE directory then create one by selecting
Servfil –c -s from the XSST menu. Follow the on-screen prompts. If the scanner does not have an arm
serial number, press enter to leave it blank.
3. Redefine table limits by selecting TLimit from the XSST menu.
4. Perform an initial peak by selecting PeakPick from the XSST menu, then press C to select characterize,
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and press Y to confirm. When the graph is complete press ENTER to continue. For DOS computers
perform the next step before attempting to print.
¾ All Scanners Using GEM Software:
For all scanners, upgrade to the latest revision of Service File Tools software.
394A067 Service File Tools installation instructions:
1. Insert the 394A067 SFT disk into drive 'A'. Type A:INSTALL, and press ENTER. At the installation
screen press ENTER to continue.
2. When installation is complete press any key to continue, remove the disk from drive 'A', and reboot the
computer.
Type XSFT to access the Service File Tools menu. To select a command press the corresponding letter.
¾ WIN98 Computers Using GEM Software:
To obtain a DOS prompt double-click on the Window’s desktop Tools icon. If a warning message appears click
“Yes”. The computer may reboot into DOS. All tests are run in this mode from the DOS prompt.
To re-initiate the host software, enter EXIT at the DOS prompt, and click on the host software icon. The computer
may reboot and then initiate the host software.
¾ DOS Computers:
To obtain a DOS prompt (C:\>) click on Exit in the host software.
To re-initiate the host software, type XR, and press ENTER.
¾ Illuminatus Software:
For Host Software – verify the HASP is installed and double click the Illuminatus DXA on the Windows Desktop.
At the Login screen enter “norland” for the Login and password. (Must be lower case.) Click the Login button.
For Service Software - double-clicking the Service Utilities icon from the Windows Desktop.
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7 TESTING REQUIREMENTS
The following is a list of the recommended tests to be performed after replacing major components. Refer to the
appropriate section for detail instructions on how to perform the following tests.
All test data and calibration files should be copied to a disk after each repair or scanner move. This disk should be
created after all the testing has been completed. To create this disk, at the C:\ prompt type XMAKEPRD. This disk
should then be labeled with the facility name, scanner serial number, date and reason for the repair. This disk should
be included with all the paperwork and sent back to Norland Customer Service.
(The test specifications are in parenthesis.)
X-ray Source Filter Assembly

1. Source Replacement Procedure 1. Source/Detector Alignment Procedure
2. Source/Detector Alignment Procedure 2. Laser Alignment
3. Laser Alignment 3. Set PMT Gains (printout required)
4. Set PMT Gains (printout required) 4. Source Count Rate Check (Low energy 550k to 750k)
5. Source Count Rate Check (Low energy 550k to 750k) 5. Remove the existing Beam limiter certification label on
6. Beam Stability Test (Voltage ≤ 0.1, Current ≤ 1.5 the outside of the scanner and apply the new one.
for2-channel) (V≤0.25 and I ≤ 3.0 for4-channel) 6. Filter Test (printout required)
7. Function Tests 7. Initial Calibration (printout required)
8. Initial Calibration (printout required) 8. QC Spine Phantom Scans
9. QC Spine Phantom Scans 9. Final Factor (precision and accuracy ‘OK’)
10. Final Factor (precision and accuracy ‘OK’) 10. XMAKEPRD
11. If applicable, remove the existing source certification 11. Service Order FRM-107
label from the outside of the scanner and apply the new 12. FDA Form 2579
one.
12. XMAKEPRD
13. Service Order FRM-107
14. FDA Form 2579
Power Supply Board

Main Board 1. Function Tests
1. Move HID device to new board 2. Daily Calibration (precision and accuracy ‘OK’)
2. Function Test – Emergency Shutoff Test – Laser and X- 3. XMAKEPRD
ray On Tests 4. Service Order FRM-107
3. Daily Calibration (precision and accuracy ‘OK’)
4. XMAKEPRD Photo Multiplier Tubes
5. Service Order FRM-107 1. Source/Detector Alignment Procedure
2. Set PMT Gain
Motor Driver Board 3. Laser Alignment
1. Motor Driver Board Configuration (RA101, RB101, 4. Source Count Rate Check (Low energy 550k to 750k)
RC101, RD101) 5. Table Test [differential and integral min/max ≤ (+/-)0.4]
2. Skip Test 6. Initial Calibration
3. Daily Calibration (precision and accuracy ‘OK’) (printout required)
(printout required) 7. QC Spine Phantom Scans
4. XMAKEPRD 8. Final Factor (precision and accuracy ‘OK’)
5. Service Order FRM-107 9. XMAKEPRD
Power Tray
1. Function Tests Lower Cable
2. Daily Calibration (precision and accuracy ‘OK’) (printout 1. Function Tests
required) 2. Daily Calibration (precision and accuracy ‘OK’)
3. XMAKEPRD (printout required)
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Charge Amplifier Board, High Voltage Board, Upper Cable

Autoset Board, or Photon Integrator Board 1. Function Tests
1. Source/Detector Alignment Procedure 2. Daily Calibration (precision and accuracy ‘OK’)
2. Set PMT Gain (printout required) (printout required)
3. Laser Alignment 3. XMAKEPRD
4. Source Count Rate Check (Low energy 550k to 750k) 4. Service Order FRM-107
5. Initial Calibration (printout required)
6. QC Spine Phantom Scans
7. Final Factor (precision and accuracy ‘OK’) Computer Replacement
8. XMAKEPRD Refer to the 398S039 Computer Replacement Procedure
X-axis Motor or Belt
Laser Replacement 1. Source/Detectors Alignment Procedure
1. Laser Diode Replacement 2. Laser Alignment
2. Laser Alignment 3. Daily Calibration or Initial Calibration (printout
3. Daily Calibration (precision and accuracy ‘OK’) required)
(printout required) 4. QC Phantom Scans
5. Service Order FRM-107 6. Service Order FRM-107
Complete PMT Assembly
PMT Bias Board 1. Source/Detector Alignment Procedure
1. Source/Detector Alignment Procedure 2. Laser Alignment
2. Laser Alignment 3. Set PMT Gain (printout required)
3. Set PMT Gain (printout required) 4. Source Count Rate Check (Low energy 550k to 750k)
4. Source Count Rate Check (Low energy 550k to 750k) 5. Table Test [Differential & Integral Min/Max ≤ (+/-) .4]
5. Initial Calibration (printout required) (printout required)
6. QC Spine Phantom Scans 6. Initial Calibration (printout required)
7. Final Factor (precision and accuracy ‘OK’) 7. QC Spine Phantom Scans
Scanner Move Miscellaneous Repairs

1. Print “Normal” Peak to verify the integrity of the 1. Daily Calibration (precision and accuracy ‘OK’)
detectors before moving. (printout required)
2. Daily Calibration before move to verify scanner is 2. XMAKEPRD
working. 3. Service Order
3. Level Scanner
4. Source/Detector Alignment Procedure
5. Laser Alignment Gain Adjustment
6. Set PMT Gains (printout required) 1. Set PMT Gains (printout required)
7. Source Count Rate Check (Low energy 550k to 750k) 2. Source Count Rate Check (550k to 750k)
8. Table Test [differential & integral min/max ≤ (+/-) .4] 3. Initial Calibration (scanners with autoset hardware may
(printout required) only require a Daily Calibration, if it fails then perform
9. Function Tests an initial calibration.) (printout required)
10. Current Leakage Test 4. QC Spine Phantom Scans
11. Initial Calibration (printout required) 5. Final Factor (Precision and Accuracy ‘OK’)
12. QC Spine Phantom Scans 6. XMAKEPRD
13. Final Factor (precision and accuracy ‘OK’) 7. Service Order FRM-107
14. FDA 2579 Form
15. XMAKEPRD
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Preventive Maintenance
1. Computer:
1.1 Scandisk and Xfcheck on all storage media
1.2 Optimize hard drives
1.3 Update service software as required
1.4 AntiVirus check if software is available
2. X-ray Source:
2.1. Check fan operation.
2.2. Function Test - Radiation leakage check (< 15 mR)
2..3. Perform Beam Stability Test (Voltage ≤ .1,
Current ≤ 1.5 for 2-channel) (V≤.25 and I ≤ 3.0 for
4-channel) (printout required)
3. Scanner:
3.1. Clean and lubricate the rails
3.2. Table Test [differential & integral min/max ≤ (+/-) .4]
(printout required)
3.3. Check Laser Alignment
3.4. Current Leakage Test
3.5. Check all cables for wear and proper connections
3.6. Check belts for proper tension.
3.7. Tighten all hardware and make sure all brackets are
installed.
3.8 Check Xdrift for long term performance (printout
required)
3.9 Check samarium foil in filter arms for oxidation.
3.10. Set PMT Gains (printout required)
3.11. Source Count Rate Check.
3.12. Perform a Daily Calibration (Precision and
Accuracy ‘OK’) (printout required)
4. XMAKEPRD
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8 REPLACING THE SOURCE CONTROL BOARD

Before replacing the source control board measure the test points listed below to determine if replacing the source control
board will fix the problem or ensure the new source control board will not be damaged.
8.1 Measure the following voltages on the source control board. The source can be at full x-ray power or zero power.
If any of the voltages are missing, and the correct voltage (approximately 35vdc) is at the P10 (red/black and
white/green wires), replacing the control board will fix the problem:
TEST POINT (TP) VOLTAGE RANGE DESCRIPTION
1 +24 to 40 Main Power Input
19 +9 to 11 +10 Volt Reference
26 +4.98 to 5.02 +5 Volt Reference
27 -9 to –11 -10 Volt Supply
31 -14 to –16 -15 Volt Supply
21 14.9 to 15.1 +15 Volt Supply
Pin 4 of U18 5.87 to 6.11
8.2 Before replacing the source control board check the components listed below to ensure the new control board
does not get damaged. If the following checks fail then replace the entire source.
8.2.1 Verify Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 are not shorted:
8.2.2 Note: Q1 and Q2 will only have 15 ohms of resistance from leads 1 to 3, Pin 3 of Q3 and Q4 should be at
ground potential. All other leads should have at least 5 K ohms when testing from one lead to the other.
8.2.3 Verify the accumulator bag does not have air in it.
8.2.4 Note: This can be inspected visually by looking at the tube running from the accumulator bag to the tank
of the source. If the tube has more than ½ inch of air there may be air in the source tank. Air in the tank
will cause problems with the voltage transformers in the source.
8.3 If the control board is replaced, the following voltages should be checked immediately. If the voltages are
incorrect, the system should be powered down and the source replaced.
SOURCE MUST BE AT FULL POWER AND THE JUMPER MUST BE IN THE J4 POSITION.
TEST POINT (TP) VOLTAGE RANGE DESCRIPTION
20 +3.92 to 4.08 X-ray Voltage
25 -3.6 to –4.4 X-ray Voltage
22 -4.85 to –5.14 X-ray Current Anode
29 4.77 to 5.23 X-ray Current Anode
23 4.89 to 5.18 X-ray Current Cathode
24 4.88 to 5.19 X-ray Current Cathode
9 MOVING A SCANNER
9.1 It is very important to verify the scanner is working properly before moving.
9.1.1 For 4-channel scanners, print a peak graph and verify the peak spectrum is acceptable.
¾ For Illuminatus software, open the DXA Service Utilities, select Initial Peak Analysis and click
Execute Service Utility. At the confirmation box click Yes to continue. Uncheck the “Enable
Save to Srv File”. Click Start to perform the initial peak analysis. After the graph is finished,
click Report, then Print to generate a hardcopy. Write the date on the printout. Click Close to
exit the graphic display and Close again to exit the initial peak window.
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¾ For GEM software, select Peakpick, and press N for Normal. When the graph is complete press P
to print.
9.1.2 Perform a daily calibration. Verify the precision and accuracy are okay.
9.1.3 Check the count rate using the Align program, with the alignment collet in place and the tabletop
removed. Record the count rate value.
9.2 Disassemble scanner. If the scanner is being moved a short distance such as within the same facility it may be
possible to leave the source attached to the arm assembly. This will shorten the reassemble time because it will
not be necessary to perform an initial calibration.
IT IS VERY IMPORTANT TO SECURE THE SOURCE TO THE ARM TO PREVENT INJURY.

9.3 If the scanner is being moved outside the facility then the source must be removed from the arm.
IMPORTANT! DO NOT LIFT THE BASE OR ARM ASSEMBLY BY THE RAILS. THIS WILL
CAUSE THE RAILS TO BECOME MISALIGNED.
9.4 Reassemble scanner in new location.

9.5 If the source was not removed the arm check the count rate using the Align program, with the alignment collet in
place and the tabletop removed. Verify the count rate is the same as above, then perform the daily calibration. If
it is not then perform the Align and all other tests listed in the Testing Requirement section of this procedure.
9.6 If the source was removed from the arm assembly then perform all the tests listed in the Testing Requirement
section of this procedure.
9.7 It is a FDA requirement that an audible sound is emitted at the end of a patient scan. If the speaker wires were
removed during the scanner move make sure they are reattached. Perform a scan of the QC phantom and verify a
sound is emitted upon completion.
10 SOURCE REPLACEMENT PROCEDURE
CAUTION: Exercise care whenever working around x-ray sources. It is recommended that you wear a radiation
dose badge to monitor any radiation exposure. Do not permit the beam to impinge on any part of your body at any time,
especially your hands, arms and head.
IDENTIFICATION:
Lorad X-ray Source = Model number TXR26
Norland X-ray Source = Model numbers 391A051, 391A051J, or 391A168
REPLACEMENT PROCEDURE:
10.1 Refer to Source Wiring Diagram Section
10.2 If the original source is a Lorad and has desiccator tubes, turn the valve to the closed position.
10.3 For all models, disconnect and remove the original source and filter assembly from the scanner.
10.4 Place the new x-ray source onto the source mounting plate on the arm carriage. Align the source so the bottom
mounting tabs fit into the notches on the source mounting plate. Temporarily center the source on the plate.
10.5 Attach source to the mounting plate, using the following hardware, but do not tighten:
#6020371 - Screw - socket hd 1/4"-20 x 1-3/8" (Qty. 2)
#6460006 - Washer - 1/4 flat washer, SAE (Qty. 2)
10.6 Remove the source top cover.
NORLAND PAGE 13
CAUTION: DO NOT OPERATE THE NORLAND SOURCE WITHOUT THE TOP COVER INSTALLED,
BECAUSE THE FAN GUARD IS NOT IN PLACE.
10.7 If replacing a Lorad source with a Norland source configure filter assembly and source correctly:
• If it is installed, remove the lead filter plate from the bottom of the filter casting assembly.
• Push the roll pin flush to the bottom surface of the filter casting assembly.
10.8 If installing a Norland source into a scanner with S/N lower than 600 (Low Intensity) and that has not been
upgraded to High Intensity or High Speed, configure the attenuator plugs accordingly (refer to chart). Remove
the snap ring in the well of the source, and remove the samarium canister. For scanner serial numbers less than
500 install the smaller plastic plug provided. If scanner serial number is 500 to 599 install the larger plastic plug.
Reinstall the snap ring. Cut one end of R195 on the source control board (not necessary for source 391A051J, the
resistor is already cut). R195 is located between R187 and TP33.
Secure or protect the resistor from shorting to another component, and cut the resistor so it may be reattached for
future use if necessary.
SCANNER SERIAL NUMBER NORLAND SOURCE
Scanner S/N lower than 500 or that has NOT Remove the samarium canister, install
been converted to New Beam Geometry, the smaller of the two plugs
High Intensity (Mark II) or High Speed. provided, and cut one end or R195.
Scanner S/N 500 to 599, or any scanner upgraded Remove the samarium canister, install
to New Beam Geometry. (Finland and USA) the larger of the two plugs provided,
and cut one end of R195.
Scanner S/N higher than 600 or that has been No change to the source is required.
converted to High Intensity (Mark II) or
High Speed.
10.9 Referring to SOURCE WIRING DIAGRAM section, center the filter casting assembly on the source with the
filter wiring exiting to the right side of the source. Secure the filter assembly using the following hardware:
6604206 - Screws (Qty 3)
6460006 - Washers (Qty 3)
10.10 Referring to diagrams below, connect the various connectors and wires to specified locations as shown. Secure
the middle cable assembly to the source.
CAUTION: Exercise caution when working with the cover removed. To prevent electrical shock use caution to
avoid contact with exposed components.
10.11 Attach the red connector to the source control board P11.
10.12 Attach the ground wire to the right side of the source with screw and lock washer.
10.13 Attach the red/black and green/white wires.
10.13.1 For sources with the terminal block on the back cover: Loosen the source back cover enough to attach
the red/black and green/white wires to the terminal block on the source back cover. The red/black should
be on the left side when standing in front of the scanner (same side as the red wire on the terminal below).
The green /white wires should on the right side (same side as the white wire).
NORLAND PAGE 14
Red Wire
White Wire
10.13.2 For all other scanners attach the wires directly to P10 of the source control board. The red/black wires
go to the top pin and green/white wires go to the bottom. The middle pin is not used. See diagram
below.
Green Connector, P10

Red and Black wires
Green Connector, P10

Green and White wires
Ground
Strap
Red Connector to P11
10.14 Secure the scanner middle cable to the source back panel using two cable ties.
10.15 Place the lead filter cover over the filter assembly and secure in place with top cover.
10.16 If there is an extra source certification label taped to the top of the source, apply it to the outside of the scanner.
If there is an existing source certification label on the scanner it must be removed or covered with the new label.
For scanners with S/N 1000-2000 and higher than 8000, apply it to the right side panel, below the last label
under the power switch. For scanners with S/N 3000-8000 apply it to the back riser, under the scanner
certification label. Refer to the Regulatory Label Location section.
NOTE: BEFORE RAMPING UP THE X-RAY TO ANY CURRENT OR VOLTAGE THE X-RAY
SOURCE MUST BE ALLOWED TO REACH ROOM TEMPERATURE. FAILURE TO DO SO MAY
RESULT IN PERMANENT DAMAGE TO THE X-RAY TUBE.
CAUTION: TO PREVENT RADIATION EXPOSURE DO NOT RUN THIS OR ANY OTHER TEST
THAT REQUIRES THE X-RAY SOURCE TO OPERATE WITHOUT THE LEAD FILTER COVER IN
PLACE.
NORLAND PAGE 15
10.17 Perform the recommended tests as outlined in the “Testing Requirements” section.
10.18 For USA, complete a FDA 2579 form. Send the 2579, printouts, XMAKEPRD, and the Service Order Order
FRM-107 to Norland within 7 days.
11 FILTER ASSEMBLY REPLACEMENT
There are three part numbers:
388A053 Mark I (Original Beam Geometry)
388A350 Mark II (New Beam Geometry)
387A044 High Speed (Dynamic Filtration)
These parts are not compatible and the replacement filter assembly must be the same part.
The 387A044 is a filter assembly with matching circuit board. The board is attached to the top of the scanner main
board. They are matched at the factory and must remain a set. If the filter assembly is replaced the board must also
be replaced.
11.1 Remove the original filter assembly, and matching board (only for 387A044). Keep the original hardware.
11.2 If the filter assembly is being replaced in a system with a Lorad source (Model number TXR26) then remove the
lower lead cover from the bottom of the original filter assembly and attach it to the new one.
CAUTION: TO PREVENT RADIATION EXPOSURE DO NOT OPERATE THE X-RAY SOURCE

WITHOUT THE FILTER ASSEMBLY AND THE LEAD FILTER COVER IN PLACE.
11.3 Center the new filter assembly on the source and secure with the original mounting hardware.
11.4 Replace the lead filter cover.
11.5 Remove the original beam limiter certification label from the outside of the scanner. Fill in the appropriate
information on the new label and apply it where the original label was removed.
11.6 Perform all the tests listed in the Testing Requirements section of this procedure.
11.7 For USA, complete a FDA 2579 form. Send the FDA form 2579, printouts, XMAKEPRD, and the Service Order
FRM-107 to Norland within 7 days.
12 PMT TUBE IDENTIFICATION AND REPLACEMENT
IDENTIFICATION:
NORLAND PART MODEL NUMBER PART NUMBER
NUMBERS (on label) (on label)
Top PMT (High Energy) 4909050 1 XM.276/1.5A-X or 300-1082 300-1128
Bottom PMT (Low Energy) 4909051 1 XM. 010/1.5A-XX or 300-1081 300-1127
433D110 Only to be used in QS (4-Channel scanners)
If the low energy PMT has a model number “1 XM. 010/1.5A-X” (one X at the end) and a serial number with letters
before “JJ” then it can only be used for two channel (non-QS) scanners.
If the low energy PMT has a part number 433D110 written on it. It can only be used for QS scanners.
All other PMT’s can be used in any scanner.
Note: For scanners with S/N <300 replace both tubes to accommodate the difference in length between the original and
new PMTs.
NORLAND PAGE 16
REPLACEMENT PROCEDURE:
12.1 To make sure the new PMTs are reseated completely, mark the placement of the tube that is not being replaced.
12.2 Remove the hardware that secures the boards to the PMT holder.
12.3 Slide the boards and PMTs out of the holder. DO NOT MOVE THE PMT FROM SIDE TO SIDE WHEN
REMOVING IT. IT MUST BE PULLED OUT STRAIGHT TO PREVENT DAMAGE TO THE SOCKETS.
CAUTION: DO NOT DISCONNECT THE UPPER CABLE CONNECTOR FROM THE BOARD IF POSSIBLE.
NOTE: CAREFUL NOT TO DROP THE INTER BOARD SPACERS.

12.4 Replace the defective PMT. Make sure the PMTs are the same length.
12.5 Replace the original hardware.
CAUTION: IF THE UPPER CABLE HAD BEEN REMOVED FROM THE BOARD, VERIFY THAT IT IS NOT
RECONNECTED ONE PIN OFF.
12.6 Perform the recommended tests as outlined in the “Testing Requirements” section.
13 LASER DIODE REPLACEMENT
CAUTION: DO NOT STARE INTO THE LASER BEAM.

13.1 Remove the defective laser diode by removing the two setscrews on the bottom of the shutoff block and
disconnecting the connector.
13.2 Install the new laser diode module into the shutoff block with the dimple on the front ring facing either of the
slots in the block.
13.3 Secure laser diode with the two setscrews. DO NOT OVER TIGHTEN OR IT WILL SHORT THE LASER
DIODE.
13.4 Reattach the connector.
13.5 Align the laser, perform a daily calibration, and complete a Service Report.
14 MAIN BOARD
2-Channel and a 388A004 Main Board –If a 388A004 board is not available it can be replaced with a 398A001 QS
main board if a 398A003 QS charge amp board, and a 388A002 Bias board revision H or higher are also installed.
The jumpers J1 and J2 must be installed on the Charge Amp board. The 398A003 QS charge amp board and the
388A004 main boards are not compatible. Configure the switch (SW2) on the main board to:
1, Off - Lorad source, On - Norland source
2, Off - Low Speed, On - High Speed*
3 & 4 are not used
*High Speeds systems are identified as having dynamic filtration (filter and matching board), 4-amp motors in
the x and y axis (must have motor driver board 387A016), and a Norland source (XR26 with S/N ≥2000, Eclipse
≥ 3500, XR36 S/N 5000 to 5999, and S/N ≥ 6500.)
Eclipse With Serial Numbers higher than 3500 and XR36 With Serial Numbers higher than 6500 – Part number
398A001 main board.
NORLAND PAGE 17
If the original main board has a HID (hardware identification device) make sure to move it to the new board or
special options will not be enabled.
Excell and XR46 scanners – Part number 433A080. (The 433A080 and the 398A001 QS main board look the same,
but are not compatible. The easiest way to identify a 433A080 main board is to verify the firmware is 433A082 and
433A081.)
If the original main board has a HID (hardware identification device) make sure to move it to the new board or
special options will not be enabled.
Perform the tests outlined in the Testing Requirements Section of this procedure.
15 MOTOR DRIVER BOARD
The 387A017 motor driver board is backward compatible with all scanners.
Use the 387A075 upgrade kit to replace a 388A006 motor driver board.
For scanners with 2 amp motors the 387A017 motor driver board must be programmed. Refer to table below to
remove the correct resistors.
Perform the tests outlined in the Testing Requirements Section of this procedure.
Stepper Output 0 Ohm Resistors
Motor Current To cut and
remove
X-Axis 2A 1.33A RA101, RB101
Y-Axis 2A 1.33A RC101, RD101
Approximate location of the 0-ohm resistors on the motor driver board.
RC101 RD101
P3
P2
P1
VR2
RA101 RB101
NORLAND PAGE 18
16 LEVEL SCANNER
16.1 MODEL XR26:

16.1.1 Level the scanner by placing a bubble level on the source plate, and moving the arm source plate to the
center of the scanner. Adjust all four-corner levelers until the rollers are off the floor or the frame is 2"
off the floor and the frame is level in the X and Y-axis. Place the level on each perimeter edge of the
frame and verify that all four positions are level. If the scanner is not level, adjust the appropriate levelers
and also re-verify that the source plate is level in the X and Y-axis.
16.1.2 Lower the center levelers until they touch the floor. Re-verify the scanner is level.
16.2 ALL OTHER MODELS:

16.2.1 Set the scanner in its selected location, and move the arm to the center of the table. Adjust both left and
right rear levelers to a height of approximately 1.5 inches below the bottom of the frame.
16.2.2 Place the bubble level in the Y-axis direction on top of the arm base-plate and adjust rear levelers until
the scanner is level.
16.2.3 Next move the bubble level to the X-axis direction (while still on the arm base-plate) and adjust the front
middle leveler(s) until bubble position is correct.
16.2.4 Now turn down the remaining levels, two front outside and the middle level(s) in the rear, just enough to
relieve any excessive stress points. Re-verify the scanner is level in both X and Y-axis.
NORLAND PAGE 19
17 WIRING DIAGRAMS
Limit Switch Wires for XR26, XR36, and Eclipse Scanners
Wire Colors (from left):

BLACK, GREEN, WHITE, RED
NORLAND PAGE 20
NORLAND SOURCE (MODEL #391A051 OR 391A168)
P10 Connector, Red and

Black wires. Pin 1.
P10 Connector, Green

and White wires, Pin 3
Ground
Strap
Red 4-Pin Connector,

Verify Red wire is
on top.
NORLAND PAGE 21
18 SOURCE/DETECTOR ALIGNMENT PROCEDURE
Refer to the appropriate section for your system configuration.
CAUTION: EXERCISE CARE WHENEVER WORKING AROUND X-RAY SOURCES. IT IS

RECOMMENDED THAT YOU WEAR A RADIATION DOSE BADGE TO MONITOR ANY RADIATION
EXPOSURE. DO NOT PERMIT THE BEAM TO IMPINGE ON ANY PART OF YOUR BODY AT ANY TIME,
ESPECIALLY YOUR HANDS, ARMS AND HEAD.
18.1 ALIGNMENT PROCEDURE FOR ILLUMINATUS SOFTWARE

18.1.1 Center the X-ray source on the source mounting plate, so that the bottom mounting tabs of the source are
centered on the mounting screws from front to back. See FIG 1-B.
18.1.2 Move the source toward the center of the scanner to a location between the motor driver modules where
the adjustment (mounting) screws can be accessed.
18.1.3 Verify the shutter is closed and INSERT THE ALIGNMENT COLLET. See FIG 2-D &2-E.
18.1.4 From Service Utilities select Count Graph and click Execute Service Utility. At the Count Graph
screen click Start.
18.1.5 Loosen the Belt Retainer plate from the PMT holder assembly. See FIG 2-B.
18.1.6 Move the PMT holder assembly, from front to back, to obtain the maximum counts. The count rate
maximum will typically be between 90,000 and 180,000. FIG 2-C.
18.1.7 Fasten down the Belt Retainer plate without decreasing the count rate. See FIG 2-B.
18.1.8 Loosen the source mounting screws on the source mounting plate. Using these screws, move the source
from side to side to obtain the maximum counts. See FIG 1-B. (If the source cannot be moved to one side
enough to obtain maximum counts, then it may be necessary to remove the lead filter cover, then loosen
and adjust the filter casting assembly).
18.1.9 Note the retaining plate and source adjustments are interactive and require multiple attempts to locate the
position of maximum count rate.
18.1.10 Record the maximum count rate on the data sheet. To print, click on Report and then Print.
18.1.11 Close the align program by clicking the Cancel button. Click Close to return to the utilities window.
CAUTION: VERIFY THE SHUTTER IS CLOSED. REMOVE THE ALIGNMENT COLLET. See
FIG 2-D.
Laser must be re-aligned after source alignment procedure.
18.2 ALIGNMENT PROCEDURE FOR 4-CHANNEL WITH GEM SOFTWARE

SUPPLIES NEEDED: Beam Alignment Collet (388D454)
18.2.1 Center the X-ray source on the source mounting plate, so that the bottom mounting tabs of the source are
centered on the mounting screws from front to back. See FIG 1-B.
18.2.2 Remove the arm covers. For Eclipse and XR36 remove the front panel from the upper arm cover and re-
attach it to the connector on the arm.
18.2.3 Select the Align program from the XSST menu. This will initialize the scanner, apply power to the x-ray
source, run the PEAK and the count graph program.
NORLAND PAGE 22
18.2.4 When prompted to put in the correct collet, tape the Beam Alignment Collet (388D454, found in the back
of the Operator’s Guide) into the aperture of the lower lead plate of the detector assembly. See Figure 3-
E, and 3-D.
18.2.5 Select C for course scale from the menu.
18.2.6 Move the scanner arm and source to the desired location. Press the ‘Mark’ button on the front panel of
the scanner to begin the count graph.
18.2.7 Loosen the Belt Retainer plate from the PMT holder assembly. See FIG 3-B.
18.2.8 Move the PMT holder assembly, from front to back, to obtain the maximum counts. The count rate is
middle number on the right side of the display. The count rate maximum will typically be between 90,000
and 180,000. FIG 3-C.
18.2.9 Fasten down the Belt Retainer plate without decreasing the count rate. See FIG 3-B.
18.2.10 Loosen the source mounting screws on the source mounting plate. Using these screws, move the
source from side to side to obtain the maximum counts. See FIG 1-B. (If the source cannot be moved to
one side enough to obtain maximum counts, then it may be necessary to remove the lead filter cover, then
loosen and adjust the filter casting assembly).
CAUTION: X-RAYS ARE BEING EMITTED. EXERCISE CARE WHENEVER WORKING AROUND
X-RAY SOURCES. IT IS RECOMMENDED THAT YOU WEAR A RADIATION DOSE BADGE TO
MONITOR ANY RADIATION EXPOSURE. DO NOT PERMIT THE BEAM TO IMPINGE ON ANY PART
OF YOUR BODY AT ANY TIME, ESPECIALLY YOUR HANDS, ARMS AND HEAD.
18.2.11 Loosen the Belt Retainer Plate and repeat steps to move the PMT holder back and forth and the source
left to right until maximum count rates are achieved.
18.2.12 Press the letter Q to exit the program. Press Q again to turn the source off.
CAUTION: VERIFY THE SHUTTER IS CLOSED. Then follow the prompt to REMOVE THE
ALIGNMENT COLLET (see FIG 2-D) and press any key to continue.
Note: Laser must be re-aligned after source alignment procedure.
18.3 ALIGNMENT PROCEDURE FOR 2-CHANNEL SCANNERS AND S/N 500 OR HIGHER
SUPPLIES NEEDED: Beam Alignment Collet (388D454)
18.3.1 Remove the upper and lower arm covers. For Eclipse and XR36, remove the front panel from the upper
arm cover and reattach it to the front panel cable.
18.3.2 Enter SERVICE at the DOS prompt to access the 1.7.0 Service Menu, or enter CD\BD\XRAY, press
enter, then type SERVICE, and press enter.
18.3.3 Enter IS on the computer to initialize the scanner. After the scanner has found the table origin move the
scanner arm to the front and center of the table for alignment.
18.3.4 Tape the Beam Alignment Collet, found in the back of the Operator's Guide, into the lower lead plate of
the detector assembly. For scanners with s/n 500-599 use Beam Alignment collet, 388D374. For
scanners with s/n higher then 599 use collet 388D454 (see figure 3-E). When taping the collet in place be
careful not to tape to or damage the fluoroscopic screen. See FIG 3-D.
18.3.5 Enter IDLE on the computer to bring the source up to 70 Kev and .1 ma. (Wait one minute for the source
to ramp up.)
18.3.6 Enter PEAK to run the peak setting program. After the graph is drawn on the screen press the ENTER
key twice to set the two discriminator levels.
NORLAND PAGE 23
18.3.7 Enter CG to run the count graph program. Respond to the request for count rate range with 0,180000,
and press ENTER.
18.3.8 Enter Y when asked if the scanner s/n is above 600. By entering "Y" the CG program will automatically
select filter 4.
18.3.9 Remove the belt retainer plate from the PMT holder assembly. If it is notched on the bottom to fit into
the belt grooves then turn it over so the notches are on the top and the movement of the PMT holder
assembly is not limited by the belt grooves. Replace the plate but do not fasten down. See FIG 3-B.
CAUTION: X-RAYS ARE BEING EMITTED. CARE MUST BE TAKEN TO STAY OUT OF THE
BEAM PATH.
18.3.10 Move the PMT holder assembly, from front to back, to obtain the maximum “Total” on-screen counts.
The count rate maximum will typically be between 90,000 and 180,000. FIG 3-C.
18.3.11 Fasten down the belt retainer plate without decreasing the count rate. See FIG 3-B.
18.3.12 Loosen the source mounting screws on the source mounting plate. Using these screws move the source
from side to side to obtain the maximum total counts. See FIG1-B.
18.3.13 Loosen the belt retainer plate and repeat steps to move the PMT holder back and forth and the source left
to right until maximum count rates are achieved.
18.3.14 Press ENTER to exit the "CG" program.
18.3.15 VERIFY THE SHUTTER IS CLOSED, THEN REMOVE THE BRASS COLLET from the lower
collimator plate and return it to the Operator's Guide. See FIG 3-D.
18.3.16 Reinstall the upper arm cover. Be very careful to reconnect the front panel so that you are not one pin
off.
18.4 ALIGNMENT PROCEDURE FOR SCANNERS WITH S/N 499 OR LOWER

SUPPLIES NEEDED: Brass Alignment Collet (388D178)
18.4.1 Remove the upper and lower arm covers. Move the scanner arm to a convenient location for alignment.
18.4.2 At the 'C>' prompt, type SERVICE, then press the ENTER key. The "Norland XR-Series Diagnostic
Menu" should appear on the screen or enter CD\BD\XRAY, press enter, then type SERVICE, and press
enter.
18.4.3 Enter IS on the computer to initialize the scanner.
18.4.4 Remove the lower lead collimator plate from the PMT holder (will be replaced and aligned in a later
step). See FIG 3-A.
18.4.5 Place the Brass Alignment Collet (388D178, found at the back of the Operator's Guide) into the hole in
the top of the filter casting assembly. See FIG 2-B.
18.4.6 Enter IDLE on the computer to bring the source up to 70 Kev and .1 ma.
18.4.7 Enter PEAK to run the peak setting program. After the graph is drawn on the screen press the ENTER
key twice to set the two discriminator levels.
18.4.8 Enter CG to run the count graph program. Respond to the request for count rate range with 0,180000.
Enter N when asked if the scanner s/n is above 600. By entering "N" the CG program will automatically
select filter 3.
18.4.9 Remove the belt retainer plate from the PMT holder assembly. If it is notched on the bottom to fit into the
belt grooves then turn it over so the notches are on the top and the movement of the PMT holder
NORLAND PAGE 24
assembly is not limited by the belt grooves. Replace the plate but do not fasten down. See FIG 3-B.
CAUTION: X-RAYS ARE BEING EMITTED. CARE MUST BE TAKEN TO STAY OUT OF THE
BEAM PATH.
18.4.10 Move the PMT holder assembly, from front to back, to obtain the maximum Total on-screen counts.
The count rate maximum will typically be between 90,000 - 150,000. FIG 3-C.
18.4.11 Fasten down the belt retainer plate without decreasing the count rate. See FIG 3-B.
18.4.12 Loosen the source mounting screws on the source mounting plate. Using these screws move the
source from side to side to obtain the maximum Total counts. See FIG 1-B.
18.4.13 Loosen the belt retainer plate and repeat steps to move the PMT holder back and forth and the source
left to right until maximum count rates are achieved.
18.4.14 Press the ENTER key to exit the "CG" program and close the shutter. Replace the lower collimator
plate, but do not tighten screws.
18.4.15 Enter CG to run the count graph program. Respond to the request for count rate range with 0,180000.
Enter N when asked if the scanner s/n is above 600. By entering "N" the CG program will automatically
select filter 3.
CAUTION: X-RAYS ARE BEING EMITTED. CARE MUST BE TAKEN TO AVOID GETTING IN
THE BEAM PATH.
18.4.16 Adjust the lower lead collimator plate position for maximum Total on-screen count rate. Tighten the
lower lead collimator plate screws.
18.4.17 Press the ENTER key to exit the "CG" program.
VERIFY THAT THE SHUTTER IS CLOSED, then REMOVE THE BRASS COLLET and return it to the
Operator's Guide. See FIG 2-B.
NORLAND PAGE 25
Figure 1
Figure 2
NORLAND PAGE 26
Figure 3
388D454
Beam Alignment Collet 8.7 MM
(Acutal Size)
NORLAND PAGE 27
19 LASER ALIGNMENT PROCEDURE
The following procedure is for proper alignment of the laser.
CAUTION: DO NOT STARE INTO THE LASER BEAM.
SUPPLIES NEEDED: 5/64 ALLEN WRENCH
19.1 Turn on the laser.

19.2 Slightly loosen the two ¼” screws that hold the laser block.
19.3 Adjust the laser using the four Allen screws in the back of the laser shut-off block. The laser must pass through
the center of the hole in the top of the filter assembly.
19.4 Tighten the two laser block screws. Make sure the laser stays centered in the hole of the filter assembly. Note:
Make sure the laser diode is tight in the laser block and that it cannot turn inside the block
20 SET PMT GAINS

This procedure is used to set the photomultiplier tube gain circuit.
20.1 GAIN ADJUSTMENT USING ILLUMINATUS SOFTWARE AND AUTOSET HARDWARE

20.1.1 From Service Utilities select Auto Set DACs and click Execute Service Utility to set the detector gains.
Uncheck the “Autoset PMT Voltage to 500,500”. Click Start. At the “Confirm” dialog box click Yes to
proceed. When the Status Information window displays “AutoSet DAC’s Completed…” click Close.
20.1.2 From Service Utilities select Initial Peak Analysis and click Execute Service Utility to perform an
initial peak. At the confirmation box click Yes to continue. Click Start to perform the initial peak
analysis.
20.1.3 CAUTION: THE ARM WILL AUTOMATICALLY MOVE TO THE CORRECT POSITION.
KEEP HANDS AND ALL OBJECTS CLEAR OF THE ARM ASSEMBLY WHILE IN MOTION TO
AVOID PINCH POINTS.
20.1.4 When the graph is complete, click Report and then Print to generate a hardcopy. Write the date on the
printout. Click Close to exit the graphic display and Close again to exit the initial peak window. Record
Pass or ABP on the data sheet.
NORLAND PAGE 28
20.2 GAIN ADJUSTMENT USING ILLUMINATUS SOFTWARE AND NON-AUTOSET HARDWARE

20.2.1 From DXA Service Utilities select GainPeak and click Execute Service Utility. Click Start.
20.2.2 A peak graph will be drawn. Refer to the example above. The high-energy peak channel (1/FL) should be
2250 ± 50 and the low energy peak channel (1/IL) should be 1150 ± 50.
20.2.3 If they are correct, click Close. Select Initial Peak Analysis and click Execute Service Utility to
perform an initial peak. At the confirmation box click Yes to continue. Click Start to perform the initial
peak analysis. When the graph is complete, click Report and then Print to generate a hardcopy. Write
the date on the printout. Click Close to exit the graphic display and Close again to exit the initial peak
window. Record Pass or ABP on the data sheet
20.2.4 If they are NOT correct, follow the steps below to adjust the peaks. The separation between peaks should
be 1100 ± 25 channels. If the separation is not within that range, adjust the balance potentiometer. For
Excell adjust R3 (right) on the PMT HV/Laser PS boards, and for Eclipse scanners (S/N 3600-5000) and
XR36 scanners (6600-8000) adjust R23 on the Bias Board. Use the following table as a guide for making
the adjustment (it will vary from unit to unit). Click on Start to repeat the GainPeak and pot adjustment
until the channel separation is within range.
NORLAND PAGE 29
CAUTION: DO NOT MAKE THE ADJUSTMENTS WITH THE SHUTTER OPEN TO AVOID
UNNECESSARY X-RAY EXPOSURE.
Balance Pot Direction Number of

Adjustment Of Peak Channels
¼ T CW High Energy: ↓ 100

Low Energy: ↑ 50
¼ T CCW High Energy: ↑ 100

Low Energy: ↓ 50
20.2.5 Next adjust the HV potentiometer. For scanners Excell scanners adjust R1 (left) on the PMT HV/Laser
PS Board, for Eclipse scanners (S/N 3600-5000) and XR36 scanners (S/N 6600-8000) adjust R1 on the
High Voltage Board. Obtain a high energy peak channel of 2250 ± 50 and a low energy peak channel of
1150 ± 50. Use the following table as a guide for making the adjustment (it will vary from unit to unit).
Click on Start to repeat the GainPeak and pot adjustment until the amplitude is within range.
High Voltage Pot Direction Number of

¼ T CW High Energy: ↑ 400

Low Energy: ↑ 200
¼ T CCW High Energy: ↓ 400

Low Energy: ↓ 200
20.2.6 When the values are correct click CLOSE to return to the main screen. Select Initial Peak Analysis and
click Execute Service Utility to perform an initial peak. At the confirmation box click Yes to continue.
Click Start to perform the initial peak analysis.
20.2.7 When the graph is complete, click Report and then Print to generate a hardcopy. Click Close to exit the
graphic display and Close again to exit the initial peak window.
20.2.8 Record Pass or ABP on the data sheet.
20.3 GAIN ADJUSTMENT FOR SCANNERS WITH AUTOSET HARDWARE AND GEM SOFTWARE
NOTE: Scanners with autoset hardware can be identified by selecting SCOM from the XSST menu and entering AD.
If the response is “My” then autoset hardware is installed.
20.3.1 From page 2 of the XSST menu select PAutoSet –R to set the detector gain.
20.3.2 When autoset is complete select PeakPick to perform an initial peak.
20.3.3 Enter C to characterize the system. Press Y to confirm.
20.3.4 After the spectrum is displayed verify the 1/FL Peak is 2250 ± 25, and the 1/IL Peak is 1150 ± 25. If they
are not correct repeat the PautoSet –R command.
20.3.5 Press P to print. Attach the printout to the Service Report.
NORLAND PAGE 30
20.3.6 Perform a daily calibration and all other test outlined in the Testing Requirement section under Gain
Adjustment. If the daily calibration fails then perform an initial calibration and set the final factor.
20.4 GAIN ADJUSTMENT FOR 4-CHANNEL AND WITHOUT AUTOSET HARDWARE
CAUTION: USE INSULATED POT TRIM TOOL WHEN ADJUSTING POTENTIOMETERS TO PREVENT
ELECTRICAL SHOCK. CARE MUST BE EXERCISED WHILE PERFORMING THIS PROCEDURE TO AVOID
20.4.1 Remove the upper arm covers. Remove the front panel from the arm cover and re-attach it to the upper
arm cable.
20.4.2 From the XSST service menu select GainPeak. Verify there is nothing in the beam path (tabletop is
permitted).
20.4.3 A peak graph will be drawn. Refer to the example below. The high-energy peak channel (1/FL) should be
2250 ± 50 and the low energy peak channel (1/IL) should be 1150 ± 50.
GAINPEAK EXAMPLE
20.4.4 If they are correct press Q to quit and return to the XSST menu. Perform an initial peak to characterize
the system by selecting PeakPick, pressing C to characterize, and Y to confirm. After the spectrum is
displayed verify the values are correct and press P to print a hard copy. See the Characterize (Initial) Peak
Example below. Attach the printout to the Service Report.
20.4.5 If they are not correct follow the steps below to adjust the peaks. The separation between peaks should be
1100 ± 25 channels. If the separation is not within that range, adjust the balance potentiometer. For
scanners (S/N 1000-2000) adjust R3 (right) on the PMT HV/Laser PS boards, and for Eclipse scanners
(S/N 3600-5000) and XR36 scanners (6600-8000) adjust R23 on the Bias Board. Use the following table
as a guide for making the adjustment (it will vary from unit to unit). Press any key and R to repeat the
GainPeak and pot adjustment until the channel separation is within range.
NORLAND PAGE 31
CAUTION: DO NOT MAKE THE ADJUSTMENTS WITH THE SHUTTER OPEN TO AVOID
Balance Pot Direction Number of

¼ T CW High Energy: ↓ 100

Low Energy: ↑ 50
¼ T CCW High Energy: ↑ 100

Low Energy: ↓ 50
20.4.6 Next adjust the HV potentiometer. For scanners (S/N 1000-2000) adjust R1 (left) on the PMT HV/Laser
PS Board, for Eclipse scanners (S/N 3600-5000) and XR36 scanners (S/N 6600-8000) adjust R1 on the
High Voltage Board. Obtain a high energy peak channel of 2250 ± 50 and a low energy peak channel of
1150 ± 50. Use the following table as a guide for making the adjustment (it will vary from unit to unit).
Press any key and R to repeat the GainPeak and pot adjustment until the amplitude is within range.
High Voltage Pot Direction Number of

¼ T CW High Energy: ↑ 400

Low Energy: ↑ 200
¼ T CCW High Energy: ↓ 400

Low Energy: ↓ 200
20.4.7 When the values are correct press Q to quit the GainPeak program.
20.4.8 Save the new peak values by performing an initial peak. Select PeakPick from the XSST menu.
Press C to characterize, and Y to confirm. After the spectrum is displayed verify the values are correct
and press P to print a hardcopy and attach it to the Service Report.
20.4.9 Perform an initial calibration and all other test outlined in the Testing Requirement section under Gain
Adjustment.
NORLAND PAGE 32
CHARACTERIZE (INITIAL) PEAK EXAMPLE
20.5 PROCEDURE FOR 2- CHANNEL SCANNERS

SUPPLIES NEEDED: OSCILLOSCOPE, ≥ 60 MHz
OSCILLOSCOPE PROBE, 1X
20.5.1 The communication cable must be on COMM 1.
Enter SERVICE (to access the 1.7.0 Service menu or enter CD\BD\XRAY, press enter, then type
SERVICE, and press enter.)
Enter 12 to select Gains.
20.5.2 When asked, “Do you have scanner serial number 600 or higher?”, do not respond.
20.5.3 Position the arm in convenient location and make sure the beam path is cleared.
20.5.4 Set the oscilloscope to 0.5 volt/div., 0.2 us./div., and AC input coupling.
Adjustment procedure:
Balance: R23 on PMT Bias Board OR R4 on the Charge Amplifier board, depending on the system
configuration, is adjusted to obtain equal amplitude on both channels.
Gain: R1 on the PMT HV Board is adjusted upper peak to obtain amplitude of 2.0 or 4.0 volts, depending on
the type of main board. For 4-channel scanners (Host software 3.0.0 or higher) always adjust upper
peak to 4 volts. In 2-channel scanner (Host software 2.5.3 or lower), and main board 388A004 adjust
upper peak to 4 volts. In a 2-channel scanner and using main board 398A001 with jumpers installed on
the Charge Amplifier Board, adjust the upper peak to 2 volts. See the note by figure 20-3.
20.5.5 View the signal on TP5 of the 398A001 main board or the bottom of R19 on the 388A004 main board
(see figure 20-2). Connect the ground lead to TP1 on the 398A001 main board and AGND on the
388A004main board.
20.5.6 Switch the scope probe to TP6 of the 398A001 main board or the bottom of R37 (see figure 20-2) on the
NORLAND PAGE 33
388A004 main board.

20.5.7 Adjust R23 on the PMT Bias Board or R4 on the Charge Amplifier board (depending on the system
configuration) until both signals are the same amplitude.
20.5.8 After the signals are balanced then adjust R1 on the PMT High Voltage Board for the correct amplitude.
For 398A001 main board in a 4-channel scanner adjust the upper peak to 4 volts in both channels from
the baseline to the middle of the upper peak pulse cluster, similar in shape to figure 20-3. For 398A001
main board in a 2-channel scanner adjust the upper peak to 2 volts in both channels from the baseline to
the middle of the upper peak pulse cluster, similar in shape to figure 20-3. For 388A004 main board
adjust the upper peak for 4 volts and lower peak to 2 volts. See figure 20-3.
20.5.9 Readjust the balance and the gain as required to obtain the correct level for both signals. Press ENTER
twice to exit.
20.5.10 Remove the scope probes and replace the protective screen.
20.5.11 Perform an initial calibration and all other test outlined in the Testing Requirement section under Gain
Adjustment.
NORLAND PAGE 34
FIGURE 20-2
FIGURE 20-3
Note: If using
Host Software 2.5.2 AND QS
Hardware - 398A001 main bd,
with jumpers installed on the
charge amp bd adjust:
UPPER PEAK 2.0 ± 0.1V
LOWER PEAK 1.0 ± 0.1V
NORLAND PAGE 35
21 SOURCE COUNT RATE CHECK
The purpose of the source count rate check is to optimize the count rates.
21.1 SOURCE COUNT RATE CHECK USING ILLUMINATUS SOFTWARE

21.1.1 Set the tabletop on the scanner but do not secure.
21.1.2 CAUTION: FOR THE 6 FOOT TABLE, DO NOT SIT OR PLACE ANYTHING HEAVY ON
THE ENDS OF THE TABLETOP WHEN IT IS NOT SECURE TO PREVENT PHYSICAL INJURY.
21.1.3 From Service Utilities select Count Rates and click Execute Service Utility. Verify the following:
Filter Level 7, Shutter Open, Display Detector/Stage, X-ray Source Full, Reset Interval 5, and the
box is checked to “Do / Perform a Gain Adjustment”.
21.1.4 Move the arm to a central location on the tabletop and remove any objects from the beam path. Click
Start.
21.1.5 When count rate values are displayed, verify the “Init1” value (fifth column after the date and time) is
between 550000-750000. Press Q to Quit.
21.1.6 Click on Print Stats to print the values in the Status Information window. Write the scanner serial
number on the printout and attach it to the datasheets.
21.1.7 If the count rates are correct; click Close to return to the Service Utilities menu. Record the value on the
datasheet.
21.1.8 If “Init1” value is not between 550000-750000:
• Turn the scanner off, remove the source control board cover, and move the jumper on the control
board. J2 is Hi, J3 is Low, and J4 is medium output. The jumpers are located in the lower right
corner (when standing in back of the scanner). Refer to the drawing at the end of this section.
• Repeat the source count rate check. If the count rate is still not correct then contact Norland
Technical Support for assistance.
21.2 SOURCE COUNT RATE CHECK FOR 4-CHANNEL SCANNERS USING GEM SOFTWARE
21.2.1 Install the tabletop.
21.2.2 At the XSST menu select CRcheck. Follow the prompts to set the calibration standard in the calibration
position. Turn the laser ON and move the arm to the position "A" on the calibration standard. Press the
Mark button to begin the count rates.
21.2.3 The source will ramp to full power, and the source will move to the back of the scanner to perform gain
adjustment. Verify there is nothing but the tabletop in the beam path.
21.2.4 The arm will move back to the calibration standard and begin counting. Verify the ‘Init1’ count rate
listed under the COUNT RATE MEANS (5th column) is in the approximate range of 550000-750000
counts. If the count rate is acceptable press Q and then ENTER to quit.
NORLAND PAGE 36
• If the count rate is not acceptable then turn the scanner off, remove the source control board cover,
and move the jumper on the control board. J2 is Hi, J3 is Low, and J4 is medium output. The
jumpers are located in the lower right corner (when standing in back of the scanner). Refer to the
drawing at the end of this section.
• Repeat the source count rate check. If the count rate is still not correct then contact Norland
Technical Support for assistance.
• Press Q to quit the count rate program and then press any key to return to the XSST menu.
21.3 SOURCE COUNT RATE CHECK FOR 2-CHANNEL SCANNERS

21.3.1 Set the table top onto the scanner.
21.3.2 Place the calibration standard in position
21.3.3 At the C> prompt the following commands:
Service (to access the 1.7.0 Service Menu, or enter CD\BD\XRAY, press enter, then type SERVICE,
and press enter.)
Is (to initialize the scanner)
Full (to bring the source to full power)
Peak (to set the discriminator values for full power)
When the peak graph is completed, press ENTER twice.
21.3.4 Turn the laser ON and move the arm to the position "A" on the calibration standard.
21.3.5 Enter CR to measure the count rate, enter an interval of 5 seconds and filter 7.
21.3.6 The low energy count rate must be in the range of 550000-750000 counts. ”. (The count rates are
displayed as High Energy, Low Energy).
21.3.7 If the count rate is acceptable press ENTER to exit. Type OFF and press ENTER to power down the
source.
• If the count rate is not correct, change the jumper on the source control board; turn the scanner off,
remove the source control board cover, and move the jumper on the control board. J2 is Hi, J3 is
Low, and J4 is medium output. The jumpers are located in the lower right corner (when standing in
back of the scanner). Refer to the drawing at the end of this section.
• Repeat the source count rate check. If the count rate is still incorrect contact Norland Technical
Support for assistance.
• Press ENTER to exit the CR program.
21.3.8 If testing is complete; replace the upper and lower arm covers.
APPROXIMATE LOCATION OF THE JUMPERS ON THE SOURCE CONTROL BOARD.
Source Control Board
LEDs P12
J2
J3
J4
NORLAND PAGE 37
22 BEAM STABILITY TEST
Beam stability is used to determine the current and voltage fluctuations of the x-ray source.
CAUTION: EXERCISE CARE WHENEVER WORKING AROUND X-RAY SOURCES. AVOID

UNNECESSARY EXPOSURE. DO NOT PERMIT THE BEAM TO IMPINGE ON ANY PART OF YOUR
BODY AT ANY TIME, ESPECIALLY YOUR HANDS, ARMS AND HEAD. IT IS RECOMMENDED THAT
YOU WEAR A RADIATION DOSE BADGE TO MONITOR ANY RADIATION EXPOSURE.
SUPPLIES NEEDED: Source Test Collet 388D455
(Actual Size)
22.1 Install the tabletop and place the calibration standard on the table or use a one-inch acrylic attenuator block.
22.2 BEAM STABILITY TEST USING ILLUMINATUS SOFTWARE

22.2.1 From Service Utilities select Monitor System Stability and click Execute Service Utilities. Click the
Data File browse icon. At the dialog box enter the file name in the format monmmddyy where “mm” is
the month, “dd” is the date, and “yy” is the year. Click Save.
22.2.2 IMPORTANT: If unit has been on such that it has warmed up, the x-ray unit must be allowed to
cool to ambient temperature. Click on “Prompt for Delay to Start?” and enter the desired cooling time.
One hour minimum is recommended.
22.2.3 Change the Specify Time to Run to 30 minutes. Click Start to begin.
22.2.4 Turn on the laser and move the arm to point A of the calibration standard. INSTALL 388D455
SOURCE TEST COLLET into the lower lead plate on the detector holder. Press the Mark button on
the arm keypad.
22.2.5 While the test is running make sure the unit is not tampered with and that nothing is placed in the beam
path. To generate a printout click Report and then Print. Upon completion click Close to exit the
graphic display, and Close again to return to the Service Utilities menu.
22.2.6 Verify there is less than 0.25% change for Voltage TTL% and less than 3.0% change for Current
TTL%. Refer to the example below.
22.2.7 Click Close to return to the Service Utilities menu.
22.2.8 VERIFY THE SHUTTER IS CLOSED AND REMOVE THE SOURCE TEST COLLET
FROM THE LOWER APERTURE.
NORLAND PAGE 38
If the stability doesn't meet these specifications check to see if the right collets have been used for alignment and for
the stability test. Check the source alignment and if you are able to achieve more counts then before cool the source
for several hours to room temperature and rerun the stability test.
22.3 BEAM STABILITY TEST FOR 4-CHANNEL SCANNERS USING GEM SOFTWARE
SUPPLIES NEEDED: Source Test Collet 388D455
22.3.1 From the XSST menu select Mon_Stab to start the stability test. When asked, “Do you wish to
characterize the scanner”, type Y for yes, and press ENTER.
22.3.2 Type 0 (zero) and press ENTER for cool down time, if the source is cool. If cool down time is needed
enter 1-9 for hours, or 10 and higher for minutes.
IMPORTANT: If the source is warm, it must be completely cooled to ambient temperature.
NORLAND PAGE 39
DISPLAYED INSTRUCTIONS: REQUIRED ACTION:

This test runs for about 9 minutes. Install the tabletop.
“1: The tabletop is optional.”
“2: Plastic is required: Turn the laser on:
Either place the small plastic attenuator on top of the For scanners with the clear acrylic QC phantom place
source, the QC phantom on the table, move the arm to position
-or- the laser in the plastic (not bone).
Position the QC phantom such that the laser is in the
Acrylic (clear plastic, or soft tissue) of the phantom.” For scanners with the black QC phantom place the
calibration standard on the tabletop in the calibration
position, move the laser to point “A” on the calibration
standard.
“3: Tape the source test collet into the hole in the lower Verify the shutter is closed and tape the source test collet
aperture.” (388D455, found in the back of the Operator's Manual,
see figure below) into the lower opening of the detector
assembly (see FIG 2-D in the Source/Detector
Alignment section).
“Mark to continue…” Press the “Mark” button to begin testing.
388D455
Stability Test Collet
22.3.3 The XRAYFACT will complete in approximately 9 minutes and the stability test will automatically start.
For approximately two minutes there will be numbers displayed on the right side of the screen. After the
two minutes a graph will appear. Allow the software to gather data for 30 minutes. During this time,
make sure the unit is not tampered with and that nothing is placed in the beam path.
22.3.4 After 30 minutes press Q to quit the stability graph. The graph will automatically print. Press any key to
return to the XSST menu.
22.3.5 Verify there is less than 0.25% change for voltage TTL % and less than 3.0% change for current
TTL%. These values are displayed in the upper left corner. See example below.
22.3.6 If the stability doesn't meet these specifications check to see if the right collets have been used for
alignment and for the stability test. Check the source alignment and if you are able to achieve more
counts, then cool the source for several hours to room temperature and rerun the stability test.
22.3.7 VERIFY THE SHUTTER IS CLOSED AND REMOVE THE SOURCE TEST COLLET
FROM THE LOWER APERTURE.
NORLAND PAGE 40
STABILITY TEST EXAMPLE (4-CHANNEL) GEM SOFTWARE
Voltage Limit 0.25%

Current limit 3.0%
22.4 BEAM STABILITY FOR 2-CHANNEL
SUPPLIES NEEDED: For scanner S/N 600 or above - Source Test Collet 388D455
Note: If unit has been on such that it has warmed up, the x-ray unit must be completely turned off to allow it
to cool to ambient temperature
22.4.1 Enter the following commands:
Service (to access the 1.7.0 Service Menu, or enter CD\BD\XRAY, press enter, then type SERVICE,
and press enter.)
Is (to initialize the scanner)
Full (to bring the source to full power)
Peak (to set the discriminator values for full power)
When the peak graph is completed, press ENTER twice.
22.4.2 Install the tabletop. Place the QC Phantom in the center of the scan area. Turn the laser on and position
it in the acrylic (soft tissue) of the phantom (verify the laser is not in the "bone").
22.4.3 VERIFY THE SHUTTER IS CLOSED. For scanners with S/N 600 or higher tape the Stability Test
Collet (388D455, found in the back of the operator's manual, see picture at the beginning of this section)
into the lower aperture of the detector assembly. Scanners with S/N 599 or below do not need Source
Test Collet.
22.4.4 Enter PA to set the DAC values. The test will run for approximately 10 minutes and return to the
C:\bd\xray> prompt.
22.4.5 Enter MON to start the stability test. When “Press cr to continue” is displayed press ENTER to continue,
press F1 to create a new file, and enter source serial number upon request, and press ENTER.
NORLAND PAGE 41
22.4.6 For approximately two minutes there will be numbers displayed on the right side of the screen. After the
two minutes a graph will appear. Allow data gathering for at least ½ hour. During this time make sure
the unit is not tampered with and that nothing is placed in the beam path.
22.4.7 After the graph appears to have leveled out press ENTER to exit the stability test.
22.4.8 Enter MON to review test results.
22.4.9 When “Press cr to continue” is displayed, press F1 for hidden menu. .
22.4.10 Press F1 for "Auto Scaled Limits".
22.4.11 Press F4 to "View Last File".
22.4.12 Press F7 to print copy, if a printout is desired.
22.4.13 Voltage must be less than 0.1% and current must be less than 1.5%. The values are displayed in the
upper left corner.
If the stability doesn't meet these specifications check to see if the right collet has been used. Check the
source alignment and if you are able to achieve more counts, then cool the source for several hours to
room temperature and rerun the stability test.
22.4.14 Enter OFF to power down the x-ray source.
22.4.15 VERIFY THE SHUTTER IS CLOSED. Remove the Stability Test Collet from the lower
aperture.
22.4.16 If testing is complete, replace the upper and lower arm covers.
23 TABLE (RAIL ALIGNMENT) TEST

The rail alignment test is executed to detect count variances at any table area location. These variances must be within
recommended tolerances. Should specifications be exceeded, contact Norland Customer Service.
REMOVE THE TABLETOP
CAUTION: EXERCISE CAUTION WHILE TESTING THE MECHANICAL MOVEMENT. KEEP HANDS
AND ALL OBJECTS CLEAR OF THE ARM ASSEMBLY WHILE IN MOTION TO AVOID PINCH POINTS.
CAUTION: X-RAYS ARE BEING EMITTED DURING THIS TEST. STAY CLEAR OF THE BEAM PATH.
If this test fails, re-level the scanner, verify all levelers are turned down, realign the source and detectors, and
verify all collets have been removed.
Also with the x-ray source moved to the back of the arm, verify both cam followers make positive contact with
the front Y rail as the arm is moved from one end of the table to the other. If one of the cam followers is not
making positive contact, adjustment is required. Loosen the locking nuts on the adjustment screw that is on the
same side as the cam follower at fault. Back off the adjusting screw until the cam follower makes positive
contact with the rail. Tighten the locking nuts and re-verify the cam follower operation.
Rail alignment adjustments may be performed and the test must be redone until the specifications have been
met. Contact Norland Technical Support for the proper procedure on making these rail alignment
modifications.
NORLAND PAGE 42
23.1 RAIL ALIGNMENT USING ILLUMINATUS SOFTWARE

23.1.1 From Service Utilities select Measure Table / Rail Alignment and click Execute Service Utility. Click
the Write Data to File browse icon. At the dialog box enter the file name in the format railmmddyy
where “mm” is the month, “dd” is the date, and “yy” is the year. Click Save.
23.1.2 Click Start to begin the table test. At the Warning message click Yes to confirm the tabletop has been
removed from the scanner.
23.1.3 Upon completion of the table scan the plots will be displayed.
23.1.4 Click Report/Print to print a hard copy, then click Close. Click Close to return to the Service Utility
menu. Attach the printout to the datasheets.
23.1.5 Verify the Limits: M/M (max and min) values are less than ± 0.4%. Refer to the example below.
23.1.6 Record Pass/ABP on the data sheets.
23.2 RAIL ALIGNMENT TEST FOR 4-CHANNEL SCANNERS
23.2.1 From the XSST Menu select Tlimit define the table dimensions. Press any key to return to the XSST
menu.
23.2.2 From the XSST select Table -w from the menu. This program will set the x-ray to full power, a test the
gains, and begin the test. It will require approximately 12 minutes to complete.
23.2.3 When the test is complete press ENTER twice to display plots.
NORLAND PAGE 43
23.2.4 Verify the Difference and Sum, max and min values are less than ± 0.4%. See example below.
23.2.5 Press P to print.
23.2.6 When the printing is complete press Q twice to quit and return to the XSST menu. Attach the printout to
the Service Report.
23.2.7 Record Pass/ABP on the data sheets.
TABLE TEST EXAMPLE
Limit ± .40%
Limit ± .40%
23.3 RAIL ALIGNMENT FOR 2-CHANNEL SCANNERS
Remove the tabletop.

23.3.1 Enter SERVICE at a DOS prompt to obtain the 1.7.0 service tools menu, or enter CD\BD\XRAY, press
23.3.2 Type 3, then press the ENTER key to select the table program. Follow the on screen prompts to press
ENTER twice after the peak graph is displayed, and press ENTER to find table dimensions.
23.3.3 When you press any key to start the table program enter the responses listed below.
NOTE: The filter selection for this program is based on the scanner serial number that is entered. If the scanner
has been upgraded to High Intensity (Mark II) or High Speed, then enter a serial number greater than
600. For more information contact Norland Customer Service.
Rail alignment or Table top test (R,T) <R>: => r
Acquire or Read data (A,R) <A>: => a
Enter Scanner serial number: => xxx ENTER
Coarse or Fine scan (C,F) <C>: => c
23.3.4 Following the prompts, remove the tabletop and calibration standard. Press ENTER to continue. Press
ENTER to mark the reference point. After taking a reference measurement the table scan will begin. It
NORLAND PAGE 44
will require approximately 12 minutes to complete.

23.3.5 Upon completion a graph of uncorrected low and high-energy count rate will be displayed. Press F5 for
the differential/ integral display and F5 again for the min./max display. Verify the Uncorrected
Differential and Uncorrected Integral min/max limits are less than ± 0.4%. Press F7 to print a hardcopy.
Press F9 to EXIT.
23.3.6 Record Pass/ABP on the data sheets and attach the printout.
24 FUNCTION TESTS
24.1 RADIATION LEAKAGE TEST FOR ALL SCANNERS
CAUTION: Exercise care whenever working around x-ray sources. It is recommended that you wear a radiation
dose badge to monitor any radiation exposure. Do not permit the beam to impinge on any part of your body at any
time, especially your hands, arms and head.
SUPPLIES NEEDED: Victoreen Survey Meter Model 05-571
24.1.1 Inspect the source and filter assembly to make sure all shielding is in place and verify absence of
shielding damage.
24.1.2 Bring the source to FULL power.
¾ If using Illuminatus software: From Service Utilities select Voltage and Current, and click
Execute Service Utility. Click on Full and then OK. Upon completion of source ramping click
OK.
¾ If using GEM software: At the DOS prompt, type IS, then press the ENTER key to initialize the
scanner.Type FULL, press the ENTER key, and wait one minute to bring the source to full
power.
24.1.3 Remove the tabletop and move the arm/source to the center of its range for both "X" & "Y" motion.
24.1.4 Check the radiation levels of all surfaces of the source and filter assembly. Keep meter within 5 cm of
the surface. Note that the instrument has a response time of about 5 seconds. Take your time scanning
the surfaces so you don't miss any leaks.
24.1.5 Verify leakage is less than 15 mR on all surfaces.
24.1.6 If the reading exceeds the maximum allowed, note the reading and location, turn off the source, and
notify Norland Customer Service. Record details on the Service Report.
24.2 SHUTOFF TEST FOR ALL SCANNERS

24.2.1 Power up the scanner. Initialize the scanner.
24.2.2 Power up the source and verify the “Ready” light is illuminated on the scanner front panel.
¾ If using Illuminatus software: From Service Utilities select Voltage and Current, and click
Execute Service Utility. Click on Idle and then OK. Upon completion of source ramping click
OK.
¾ If using GEM software: At the DOS prompt, type IS, then press the ENTER key to initialize the
scanner. Type IDLE, press the ENTER key.
24.2.3 Turn on the laser by pressing the scanner control panel button.
24.2.4 Press the "EMERGENCY OFF" or “HALT” key on the front panel of the unit.
24.2.5 Verify that the source fan motor has been shut off, that the arm cannot be moved using the keypad, and
NORLAND PAGE 45
all front panel lights are off.
24.3 LABEL TYPE/PLACEMENT VERIFICATION

Verify all regulatory labels are firmly affixed and properly located as shown in Regulatory Label Location
Section.
24.4 PRE-INDICATI0N VERIFICATION – (USA only)

Verify that pre-indication of 100 kilovolts, milliamp, and scan time estimate appear on the same screens that
permit the initiation of patient exposure. Verify this indication for all scan types enabled in the instrument.
24.5 X-RAY ON VERIFICATION

Under all control conditions, verify that the Scanner Control Panel "X-Ray On" indicator is illuminated when
the X-Ray source is on, and is not illuminated when the source is off.
24.6 LASER ON VERIFICATION

Under all control conditions, verify that the Scanner Control Panel "Laser On" indicator is illuminated whenever
the laser is on, and is not illuminated when the Laser is off.
24.7 EXPOSURE COMPLETE AUDIBLE INDICATOR VERIFICATION

Verify that the audible indicator (computer-emitted beep) occurs whenever a patient scan is complete.
25 CURRENT LEAKAGE TEST
SUPPLIES NEEDED: Leakage Current Tester, Model number LT544D-20, Dale Technology Corporation
(For all other models use the manufacturers instructions.)

25.1.1 Plug the line cord from the Leakage Current Tester into the wall outlet. Plug the scanner power cord into
the Leakage Current Tester.
25.1.2 Turn the scanner power switch to the ON position. Verify the leakage current readings for each switch
combination listed below are less than ≤ 300 ua.
Neutral Switch Line Switch

Closed Normal
Open Normal
Open Reversed
Closed Reversed
25.1.3 Turn the scanner power switch OFF and reattach scanner power cord to wall outlet.
26 SKIP TEST
The skip test ensures proper movement of the stepper motors and proper operation of the motor drivers.
NORLAND PAGE 46
26.1 SKIP TEST USING ILLUMINATUS SOFTWARE

26.1.1 From Service Utilities select SKIPTEST, and click Execute Service Utility. Click Start.
26.1.2 When prompted by the computer, mark the starting reference point. This is done by placing a piece of
masking tape on the tabletop and marking a dot where the laser beam hits the tape. Click OK to
continue.
26.1.3 Upon completion, verify that the laser has returned to its original position. Click OK to close the dialog
box. Click Close to return to the Service Utilities menu.
26.1.4 Record a Pass/Fail on the data sheet.
26.2 SKIP TEST FOR 4-CHANNEL SCANNERS USING GEM SOFTWARE

26.2.1 Place the tabletop in position on the scanner.
26.2.2 Select SkipTest from the second page of the XSST menu.
26.2.3 Type 1 and press ENTER for the number of times to run the test.
26.2.4 When asked, “Do you want to press ‘Enter’ to confirm each portion?” Press “Y” if you wish to verify
each location otherwise N to only verify the final mark.
26.2.5 Press H and then ENTER to select high speed.
26.2.6 Follow the on-screen prompts to label the laser position on the tabletop, and press ENTER to start the
SkipTest.
26.2.7 CAUTION: DURING THE TEST THE X-RAY WILL BE OPERATING AT IDLE POWER.
THE SHUTTER WILL BE OPEN DURING ARM MOVEMENT. STAY CLEAR OF THE X-RAY
BEAM.
26.2.8 The test will take approximately 7 minutes.
26.2.9 Upon completion, verify that the laser has returned to its original position. Press ENTER. Press
ENTER again to continue.
26.3 SKIP TEST FOR 2-CHANNEL SCANNERS:

26.3.1 Place the tabletop in position on the scanner.
26.3.2 Enter SERVICE at a DOS prompt to access the 1.7.0 Service menu (or enter CD\BD\RAY and press
enter, then enter SERVICE).
26.3.3 Type SKIPTEST and press enter.
26.3.4 Follow the on-screen prompts to select the scanner size and speed:
• When prompted to select full-length scanner (239 cm) answer Y if the scanner in an XR36 orXR26.
Answer N if the scanner is an Eclipse (180cm).
• For all scanners select high-speed.
• Answer N to the “loop continuously” question.
CAUTION: During the test the x-ray will be operating at idle power. The shutter will be open during arm
movement
26.3.5 Identify the current laser position by marking a dot on a piece of tape and placing it under the laser. Press
any key to continue. This test takes approximately 20 minutes.
26.3.6 Upon completion, verify that the laser has returned to its original position. Press any key to continue.
NORLAND PAGE 47

27 FILTER TEST
The Filter Test will verify the integrity of the filter assembly and filter motor driver board.
27.1 Place the tabletop onto the scanner, and place the calibration standard into position.
27.2 FILTER TEST USING ILLUMINATUS SOFTWARE

27.2.1 From Service Utilities select Dynamic Filtration Test and click Execute Service Utility to begin the
filter test.
27.2.2 From the list of Testing Types, select Test and Plot all Filter Arms. Click Start. Following the on-
screen instructions, mark the “A” and “B” positions on the calibration standard. The test will
automatically gather data for all filter arms and store the results.
27.2.3 Upon completion select Read and Plot Data from File from the list of Testing Types. Click the Read
Results from browse button and select the first filter file XFILTEST.1. Click Open. Click the Report
button and then Print. After printing, click Close to exit the plot window. Repeat the process until the
remaining plot files have been printed (XFILTEST.2, XFILTEST.3, XFILTEST.34).
27.2.4 On all four printouts, verify that the samarium has moved completely into the beam path within 8 ms.
(bottom plateau edge). Verify that the samarium has moved completely out of the beam path within 8
ms. (upper plateau edge). Confirm that there is no plateau shift in the 8 to 20-ms. timeframe. While
viewing the filter 1-3 max/min plots, verify that there are no count rate variations that exceed 50% of the
count rate range. Record the serial number on each of the printouts. Record a Pass/Fail on the data sheet.
27.2.5 Click Close to return to the Service Utilities menu.
27.3 FILTER TEST FOR 4-CHANNEL SCANNERS USING GEM SOFTWARE

27.3.1 Select FiltTest from the XSST menu.
27.3.2 At the “Select a Test / Command” statement enter A for all.
27.3.3 Mark the “A” and “B” positions on the calibration standard. Note that no graphics are displayed. The
test will automatically print, so be sure the printer is connected and ready before running this test.
27.3.4 Upon completion the data will be printed in graphical format. See Figure 27-1 and 27-2. On all four
printouts, verify that the samarium has moved completely into the beam path within 8 ms (bottom plateau
edge). Verify that the samarium has moved completely out of the beam path within 8 ms. (upper plateau
edge). Confirm that here is no plateau shift in the 8 to 20 ms timeframe. While viewing the 1-3 max/min
plots, verify that there are no count rage variations that exceed 50% of the count rate range.
27.3.5 Press Q to quit. Press any key to continue.
27.3.6 Attach the printouts to the Service Report.
NORLAND PAGE 48
FIGURE 27-1 (Filter Arm 1, 2, and 3)
FIGURE 27-2 (Filtration 3 to 4)
27.4 FILTER TEST FOR 2-CHANNEL SCANNERS:

Note: This test is for “High Speed” configuration only. If there is a filter motor driver board located on top of
the main board then the scanner is “High Speed”.
27.4.1 Enter SERVICE at the DOS prompt to access the 1.7.0 Service Menu or enter CD\BD\XRAY, press
27.4.2 Enter FULL to bring the source to full power.
27.4.3 Enter PEAK to set the discriminators. After the graph is complete, press ENTER twice.
27.4.4 Enter 10 to run the Filttest from the 1.7.0 Service menu.
27.4.5 Following the prompts, mark the "A" and "B" positions on the calibration standard.
27.4.6 Upon completion the data will be displayed in graphical format. Verify that the samarium has moved
NORLAND PAGE 49
completely into the beam path with 7 ms. (bottom plateau edge). Verify that the samarium has moved
completely out of the beam path within 6.5 ms. (upper plateau edge). Also verify that there is no plateau
shift in the 8 to 30 ms. timeframe (do not include statistical variations). Press any key to continue, or P to
print.
27.4.7 Enter 2 on the keyboard to repeat the test for filter 2 (medium filter). Verify that the samarium has
moved completely into the beam path within 8 ms. (bottom plateau edge). Verify that the samarium has
moved completely out of the beam path within 6.5 ms. (upper plateau edge). Also verify that there is no
plateau shift in the 9 to 30 ms. timeframe (do not include statistical variations). Press any key to continue,
or P to print.
27.4.8 Enter 3 on the keyboard to repeat the test for filter 3 (thick filter). Verify that the samarium has moved
completely into the beam path within 8 ms. (bottom plateau edge). Verify that the samarium has moved
completely out of the beam path within 6.5 ms. (upper plateau edge). Also verify that there is no plateau
shift in the 9 to 30 ms. timeframe (do not include statistical variations). Press any key to continue, or P to
print.
27.4.9 Enter Q to quit.
28 SECURE THE TABLE TOP
IMPORTANT: To prevent injury to the patient or operator, reinstall the tabletop and secure it to the scanner with the
original hardware.
29 DAILY CALIBRATION
The daily calibration procedure verifies the integrity of the system. The daily calibration procedure takes approximately
30 minutes.
29.1 PROCEDURE USING ILLUMINATUS SOFTWARE

29.1.1 Verify that a HASP key is installed on a USB port.
29.1.2 Double click the Illuminatus DXA icon to load the host software. At the Login screen enter “norland”
for the Login and password. (Must be lower case.) Click the Login button.
29.1.3 From the Calibration menu select Begin QA.
29.1.4 Turn on the laser and move to point A on the Calibration Phantom. Press the MARK button on the
Scanner Control Panel.
29.1.5 Move to point B and press the MARK button.
29.1.6 Position the QC phantom so the label is facing the front edge of the scanner.
29.1.7 Mark points “C” and “D” on the QC phantom:
• For systems with the clear QC phantom, position the laser over the “X” above L2 (right). Move the
laser to the other “X” to verify the phantom is parallel to the y-axis. Move the phantom if necessary.
Move the laser back to the “X” above L2 and press the “MARK” button. Position the laser over the
“X” at the bottom of L4 (left) and press the “MARK” button.
• For systems with the black QC phantom position the laser on the dot closest to the “C”. Move the
laser to the dot closet to “D” to verify the phantom is parallel to the y-axis. Move the phantom if
necessary. Move the laser back to the dot closest to “C” and press the “MARK” button.
NORLAND PAGE 50
29.1.8 The remainder of the calibration process is automated.

29.1.9 When the QC scan(s) are complete verify the precision and accuracy are “OK”. Click on QA Report,
Print, and Close. For scanners with Soft Tissue Calibration (black QC phantom) click on Fat and Lean
to verify precision and accuracy are “OK”. Click on QA Report, Print, and Close.
29.1.10 If the calibration fails, click on the Details button, select Errors.trc and click on the print icon. .
29.2 PROCEDURE FOR SCANNERS USING GEM SOFTWARE

29.2.1 Initiate the host software.
29.2.2 Position the Calibration Standard, and the Quality Control (QC) Phantom, on the tabletop.
¾ For Host Software 2.5.2 or earlier, select SCANNER and click on BEGIN CALIBRATION.
¾ For Host Software 3.1.0 or later, click on Begin QA.
29.2.3 Turn on the laser on move to point “A” on the calibration standard
29.2.4 Press the MARK button on the Scanner Control Panel
29.2.5 Position the laser over point “B” and press the MARK button.
29.2.6 Position the QC phantom so the label is facing the front edge of the scanner.
29.2.7 Mark points “C” and “D” on the QC phantom:
• For systems with the clear QC phantom, position the laser over the “X” above L2 (right). Move the
laser to the other “X” to verify the phantom is parallel to the y-axis. Move the phantom if
necessary. Move the laser back to the “X” above L2 and press the “MARK” button. Position the
laser over the “X” at the bottom of L4 (left) and press the “MARK” button.
• For systems with the black QC phantom position the laser on the dot closest to the “C”. Move the
laser to the dot closet to “D” to verify the phantom is parallel to the y-axis. Move the phantom if
necessary. Move the laser back to the dot closest to “C” and press the “MARK” button.
29.2.8 A peak graph will be drawn and the discriminator settings will be taken. After the discriminator settings
appear on the screen press the “PRINT SCREEN” key on the keyboard. When prompted, press
“ENTER” to print UNROTATED.
29.2.9 At the QA results screen, verify that the Precision and Accuracy for BMD (and optional fat and lean) are
O.K., Press ENTER for [CONTINUE – PRINT].
29.2.10 If the calibration has failed use the following commands to print the calibration errors and contact
Norland Technical Support :
¾ 2-Channel Scanners
• Exit to DOS.
• At the C:\ prompt enter cd\xr26.
• Enter type errors.trc >prn.
¾ For 4-channel scanners:

• Exit to DOS. For systems with WIN98 click on Tools icon.
• At the C:\ prompt enter cd\xr26\caltrace.
• Enter type errors.trc >prn
30 INITIAL CALIBRATION
The initial calibration process completely characterizes the system, permitting very high long-term instrument stability and
measurement repeatability. This initial calibration procedure requires only minimal initial operator intervention and will
take about 6 hrs for a high-speed scanner and 12 hours for a low-speed scanner.
NORLAND PAGE 51
ALL SCANNERS
30.1 Position the Calibration Standard in the marked location on the tabletop. Refer to approximate locations below.
Y-AXIS
XR-36 Calibration Area
X-AXIS
Eclipse Calibration Area
Excell S/N1000 - 3000

Calibration Area
XR46 or Excell WB Scanners,

S/N 8000 - 8499
Calibration Area
30.2 Use the laser on the side and front edges of the calibration standard to make sure it is straight.
30.3 Make sure the tabletop is clear of all other objects.

30.4 FOR SYSTEMS USING ILLUMINATUS SOFTWARE
30.4.1 Rename the "Calib.fil" (calibration file). Open Windows Explorer and browse to the
IlluminatusDXA\Norland directory. Right click on the Calib.fil file, and click on rename. Rename it
NORLAND PAGE 52
using a date format “calmmdd.fil”, where mm=month, and dd=date.

30.4.2 Define the table limits. In the Illuminatus software, go to the Tools menu, click on Service Tool, and then
Table Limits.
30.4.3 Start the calibration. Under the Calibration menu select Begin QA. At the calibration screen select
Initial, select Scan QC Phantom, and click Start.
30.4.4 IMPORANT NOTE: Clear the tabletop area, except for the calibration standard. (The QC
phantom should not be on the table at this time.) During the Initial Calibration the tabletop composition is
evaluated. If any foreign objects are on the tabletop, they will affect the calibration results.
30.4.5 Turn on the laser and move to point A on the Calibration Phantom. Press the MARK button on the
Scanner Control Panel.
30.4.6 Move to point B and press the MARK button.
30.4.7 The remainder of the calibration process is automated. Observe the computer display and verify the
occurrence of the following steps:
- After marking point "B", auto centering is checked on the calibration standard.
- A discriminator setting and background counts are taken. Record the values on the data sheet.
- A checklist appears which indicates Pass/Fail values for:
Autoset PMT Gain
Reference Beam
Xray Off
Shutter
Low Attenuation Filter
Medium Attenuation Filter
High Attenuation Filter
Dynamic Filtration
If any of these checks fail, contact Norland Technical Support.
30.4.8 The checklist screen reappears, listing the estimated time for completion.
30.4.9 IMPORTANT: POST SIGNS THAT ARE CLEARLY VISIBLE THAT INDICATE X-RAY IS
BEING EMITTED AND THE SCANNER MUST NOT BE DISTURBED DURING THE 6-HOUR
CALIBRATION.
30.4.10 After a successful calibration, place the QC Phantom in the approximate center of the scan area.
From the Calibration menu, click on QC Scan with label facing the front edge of the scanner, parallel to
the y-axis, and with the ‘C’ or smallest vertebra closest to the power switch end of the scanner. Mark the
phantom as follows:
¾ For systems with the clear QC phantoms position the laser so that it shines directly on the 'X' above
L2. Move the laser to the other ‘X’ to verify the phantom is parallel to the y-axis. Reposition the
phantom if necessary. Move the laser back to the ‘X’ above L2 (point C). Press). Press the MARK
button. Move the scanner arm to the other ‘X’ (point D) toward the foot end of the scanner and
press the MARK button.
¾ For systems with the black QC phantom position the laser on the dot closest to the "C". Move the
laser to the dot closest to the "D" to verify the phantom is parallel to the y-axis. Reposition the
phantom if necessary. Move the laser back to the dot closest to "C". Press the MARK button.
NORLAND PAGE 53
IMPORTANT: FOR SYSTEMS WITH SOFT TISSUE CALIBRATION IT WILL NOT PROMPT YOU
TO MARK POINT D, SO IT IS PARTICULARLY IMPORTANT TO VERIFY THE PHANTOM IS
STRAIGHT BEFORE MARKING POINT C.
30.4.11 The system will automatically scan the phantom 25 times. After the QC scans are finished the
Calibration Results screen will be displayed.
30.4.12 Record PASS/ABP on the data sheet.
30.4.13 If the calibration has failed, print the calibration errors. Click on the Details button. Select Errors.trc
and click on the printer icon.
30.5 FOR SYSTEMS USING GEM SOFTWARE

30.5.1 Set the final factor to 1.000.
• Type FF_SET, at the 'C>' prompt, to enter the Final Factor Program.
• If the present BMC (optional fat and lean) factor is 1.0000, you will be asked, "Do you wish to have
a new BMC factor computer? (y/n) [y]". Answer N.
• If the present BMC (and optional fat and lean) factor is not 1.0000, you will be asked, "Present
BMC factor is X.XXXX. Do you want to restore the present BMC factor to the default value of
1.0000? (y/n) [Y]". Answer Y.
30.5.2 Rename the "Calib.fil" (calibration file). Enter the following commands at the C:/> prompt.
cd\XR26
Ren calib.fil calmmddyy.fil (where mm=month, dd=day, and yy=year)
30.5.3 Initiate the host software.

30.5.4 If asked "Do you want to check your hard drive y/n?", type Y. This is not necessary every time you
initialize the host software, however, Norland recommends that it is done on a regular basis. When the
check is complete, respond by typing Y, to "Continue with XR y/n?".
30.5.5 When the main screen appears, enter the following commands:
30.5.6 Select SETUP and click on SERVICE SETUP.
30.5.7 For Host Software Revision 2.3.0 or later, enter the QC Phantom ID number, the Mean BMD, and the
BMD SD.
• The ID number is embedded in the corner of the Phantom.
• The Mean BMD and the BMD SD numbers are found on a label affixed to the QC Phantom.
(Enter .007 for BMD SD if the label does not contain this value.)
• Click on ACCEPT CHANGES.
30.5.8 Begin the Instrument Characterization process as follows:
30.5.9 FOR 2-CHANNEL SCANNERS
Determine the table dimensions by selecting SCANNER and clicking on FIND TABLE
DIMENSIONS.
Click on CONTINUE and wait for the process to be completed.
Select SCANNER and click on the BEGIN CALIBRATION command.
Click on the CONTINUE button and follow the on-screen prompts to:
Clear the tabletop of all items, except the calibration standard.
NORLAND PAGE 54
30.5.10 FOR 4-CHANNEL SCANNERS

Determine the table dimensions by selecting SETUP and clicking on FIND TABLE DIMENSIONS.
Click on CONTINUE and wait for the process to be completed.
Click on BEGIN QA.
30.5.11 Use the laser on the side and front edges of the calibration standard to make sure it is straight.
Note: It is very important to clear the tabletop area, of everything except the calibration standard. During the
Initial Calibration, tabletop composition is evaluated. If any foreign objects are on the tabletop, they will
affect the calibration results.
• Turn on the laser and move to point "A" on the calibration standard.
• Press the MARK button on the Scanner Control Panel.
• Move to point "B" and press the MARK button.
30.5.12 The remainder of the calibration process is automated. Observe the computer display and verify the
occurrence of the following steps.
30.5.13 After marking point "B", the scanner measures background radiation
¾ (2-Channel Scanners)
A discriminator setting is taken. The maximum allowable is 128 but typically they are less than
100. If greater than 100, contact your Norland Representative.
¾ (4-Channel Scanners)
A peak graph will be drawn and the discriminator settings will be taken. The FH, FL, IH, and IL
discriminators are displayed. Typically the FH and IH numbers are 1500 (+200), and the FL and
IL are 200 (+50).
30.5.14 A checklist appears which indicates Pass/Fail values for:

-Autoset (if applicable)
-Reference Beam
-X-Ray Off
-Shutter
-High Attenuation Filter
-Medium Attenuation Filter
-Low Attenuation Filter
-Dynamic Filtration (High Speed Only)
Note: If any of these checks fail, contact Norland Technical Support.
30.5.15 After the checklist is complete press the “PRINT SCREEN” key on the keyboard. When prompted,
press “ENTER” to print UNROTATED.
30.5.16 IMPORTANT: POST SIGNS THAT ARE CLEARLY VISIBLE THAT INDICATE X-RAYS
ARE BEING EMITTED AND THE SCANNER MUST NOT BE DISTURBED DURING THE INITIAL
CALIBRATION.
30.5.17 For 2-channel scanners: the scanner will make 1 complete pass of the table. This will take approx. 15
min.
30.5.18 The checklist screen reappears, listing the estimated time for completion.
NORLAND PAGE 55
30.5.19 Upon completion of the initial calibration:screen prompts ask that the QC Phantom be placed on the
table and points 'C' and 'D' be marked.
• Mark the QC phantom and perform one scan.
• The Calibration Results screen will be displayed.
• Refer to the appropriate sections to Scan the QC Phantom, set a new Final Factor, and perform the
remainder of the tests as outlined in the Testing Requirements section.
30.5.20 If the calibration has failed use the following commands to print the calibration errors and contact
Norland Customer Service:
• At the C:\ prompt enter cd\xr26.

• At the C:\ prompt enter cd\xr26\caltrace.
31 QC SPINE PHANTOM SCANS FOR SYSTEMS USING GEM SOFTWARE

31.1 Verify the FF_set value is "1.0000" before beginning scans. Enter FF_SET at the C:> prompt and follow the on-
screen instructions.
31.2 Initiate the host software and start the QC scans.
• Select QA and click on SCAN QC PHANTOM for4-channel scanners.
• Select SCANNER and click on SCAN QC PHANTOM for 2-channel scanners.
31.3 Enter 25 for the number of repetitions.
31.4 Place the QC Phantom, in the approximate center of the scan area, with the label facing the font edge of the
scanner, parallel to the y-axis, and with point “C” or the smallest vertebra closest to the power switch end of the
scanner.
31.5 Screen prompts ask the operator to mark point ”C” on the QC Phantom:
For systems with the clear QC phantom, position the laser over the “X” above L2. Move the laser to the other
“X” to verify the phantom is parallel to the y-axis. Straighten the phantom if necessary. Move the laser back to
the “X” above L2 and press the MARK button. Position the laser over the “X” at the bottom of L4 and press the
MARK button.
For systems with the black QC phantom position the laser on the dot closest to the “C”. Move the laser to the
dot closet to “D” to verify the phantom is parallel to the y-axis. Reposition the phantom if necessary. Move the
laser back to the dot closest to “C” and press the MARK button.
31.6 When the requested number of scans has been completed, software automatically displays numeric and graphic
results.
31.7 Refer the appropriate sections to install a new final factor, and all other tests as outlined in the Testing
Requirements section.
32 FINAL FACTOR (CORRECTION FACTOR)
The Calibration Final Factor is used to improve the accuracy of the scanner
Note: Calibration of the final factor (FF_SET) cannot be used with software versions prior to 2.3.0, or the shell
program which runs both old and new software together.
NORLAND PAGE 56

32.1 FOR SYSTEMS USING ILLUMINATUS SOFTWARE
32.1.1 Click on Change CF on the Calibration Results screen. Click on Compute, Apply, and Close.
32.1.2 On the QA Results screen click on Done, and then Patient List to return to the Database Navigator
screen.
32.1.3 Perform 16 more QC scans to verify the final factor is correct. From the Database Navigator screen, click
on Calibration and then QC Scan…. Change the Number of Scans to 16. Click on Start. Mark the
QC Phantom as prompted.
32.1.4 When scans are complete verify the precision and accuracy are “OK”. Click on QA Report, Print, and
Close. For scanners with Soft Tissue Calibration (black QC phantom) click on Fat and Lean to verify
precision and accuracy are “OK”. Click on QA Report, Print, and Close.
32.2 FOR SYSTEMS USING GEM SOFTWARE

32.2.1 Exit the host software to a DOS prompt, and type FF_SET to enter the Final Factor Program.
32.2.2 A screen message indicates that the present factor(s) is 1.000.
32.2.3 Answer Y to the question, "Do you wish to have a new BMC FACTOR computed? (Y/N) [Y]." or “Do
you wish to have a new set of Correction Factors computer?”.
32.2.4 Based on the last 25 QC Phantom Scans the FF_SET program calculates and presents a proposed
Correction Factor. You are asked, "Do you want to accept the proposed correction? (y/n) [y]." Type Y.
¾ Verify the message “Math Overflow Error” is not displayed. If it is then record the final factor value that
is displayed. Re-enter “FF_SET”. When asked "Do you wish to have a new BMC FACTOR computed?”,
press the equals (=) key. You will be prompted to enter a value. Enter in the value recorded above.
¾ If less than 25 scans were performed, the message indicates, "A minimum of 25 QC Phantom scans are
required in order to determine the BMC factor. Please return to the XR environment and complete the
necessary number of scans utilizing the SCAN QC PHANTOM command." Follow the screen instructions
to perform a total of 25 scans.
¾ If the results of the 25 QC Phantom scans differed by more that 3% from the actual phantom value, the
following message will appear: "The measured QC Phantom values deviate more that 3 percent from the
entered QC Phantom values. Please check the entered value and/or investigate for potential problems with
the unit."
32.2.5 Perform several additional (16 preferred) QC Phantom Scans to verify the final factor is correct. Verify
the Precision and Accuracy are “OK” for BMD (and optional Fat and Lean). Click on CONTINUE-
PRINT. Attach the printout(s) to the Service Report.
NORLAND PAGE 57
33 REGULATORY LABEL LOCATIONS

Verify all labels are firmly affixed and properly located.
Computer Back Panel

Computer Certification
Label
Beam Limiter Certification

Label (1 of 2). The other
located on the outside of the
scanner.
Certification Labels for

Certification Labels for Source Model XR-26
Norland Sources (Lorad)
NORLAND PAGE 58
LABELS FOR
SCANNERS WITH
S/N 3000-8000
NORLAND PAGE 59
LABELS FOR
SCANNERS WITH
S/N 1000-2000
______________________________________________________________________________________________
LABELS FOR
SCANNERS
WITH S/N 8000
OR HIGHER.
NORLAND PAGE 60
34 PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE
This is detailed instruction for performing a preventive maintenance check.
Refer to appropriate sections of this procedure for the detailed instructions on performing any tests listed below.
34.1 COMPUTER:
34.1.1 Perform Scandisk on all storage devices to verify the integrity of the file structure.
¾ For systems with a Windows operating system, click on Start\Programs\Accessories\System
Tools\ScanDisk. Select the appropriate drive. Select “Standard” and click on Start.
¾ For systems with a DOS operating system (If using DOS versions less than 6.2.2, use the CHKDSK
command.) Type the following commands:
• At the C:> prompt type SCANDISK to check the ‘C’ drive.
• At the C:> prompt type “Scandisk drive:” to check other drives. Replace “drive” with the
appropriate drive letter, i.e. “SCANDISK D:”.
• If errors occur contact Norland Customer Service.
34.1.2 For systems using GEM software perform Xfcheck on all storage devices to verify the XR file structure.
• At the C:> prompt type XFCHECK -R to check the ‘C’ drive.
• At the C: > prompt type “Xfcheck drive:” to check all other fixed drives listed in Default Storage
under the Setup menu . Replace “drive” with the appropriate drive letter, i.e. “XFCHECK –R D:”.
• Contact Norland Technical Support if errors occur.
34.1.3 Optimize the hard drive.
¾ For systems with a Windows operating system: click on Start\Programs\Accessories\System
Tools\Disk Defragmenter. Select the appropriate drive. Click on Start.
¾ For systems with a DOS operating system: Enter DEFRAG at the C>: prompt. (If using DOS
version less than 6.2.2 contact Norland Customer Service.)
34.1.4 Update software as appropriate. Refer to the Service Software section of this procedure.
34.1.5 Perform AntiVirus check if the software is available.
34.2 X-RAY SOURCE:

34.2.1 Verify fan is operating properly.
34.2.2 Check for leakage radiation. Refer to Radiation Leakage Test in the Function Test section of this
procedure for instructions.
34.2.3 Perform a 30 minute Beam Stability Test. Verify results are within specifications.
34.3 SCANNER:
34.3.1 Clean and lubricate rails with a light machine oil (i.e. 3 in1).
NOTE: Do not use any type of lubricant containing solvents (i.e. WD40). The plastic components and
permanent lubrication grease in the bearing may be adversely affected.
34.3.2 Perform the Table (Rail Alignment) Test to check for proper rail alignment.
34.3.3 Verify laser beam is in the center of the filter-casting aperture. Perform Laser Alignment as necessary.
NORLAND PAGE 61
34.3.4 Perform Leakage Current Test.

34.3.5 Check all cables connections.
34.3.6 Check all belts and pulleys for proper wear, tension, and alignment. If the belt is re-tightened perform a
source/detector alignment, and laser alignment. If the daily calibration does not pass, perform an initial
calibration. Refer to the Testing Requirements section of this procedure.
34.3.7 Tighten all hardware and make sure all brackets are installed.
34.3.8 Verify the underside of the tabletop is not cracked or broken. Replace if necessary.
34.3.9 Print XDRIFT to check the long-term scanner performance.
¾ For systems using Illuminatus software: From Service Utilities menu select Xray Source Drift, and
click Execute Service Utility. Click on “European Date Format” if appropriate. When graph is
displayed, click on Report, then Print. Click on Close to close the print window, and then Close
again to return to the Service Utilities menu.
¾ For systems using GEM software:
• For 4-channel scanner select XDrift from the XSST menu. Press any key to continue. Press P to
print.
• For 2-channel scanner enter Service and then Xdrift. Press any key to continue. Press P to print.
34.3.10 If the scanner is more than five years old (check the date on the scanner certification label) follow the
instructions below to check the samarium foil in the arms of the filter assembly to make sure it is not
oxidizing. The normal silver/black foil turning to a white powdery substance identifies an oxidized
samarium foil. Refer to the picture below.
• Turn off the scanner.
• Remove the tabletop, source cover, and lead filter cover.
• The samarium foil can be viewed through the filter casting assembly, WITHOUT removing it from
the x-ray source. If the filter assembly is removed then the source must be realigned and an initial
calibration performed.
Replace Filter Assembly
Replace Filter Assembly
Acceptable
Good
New
34.3.11 Check the PMT Gains, and adjust if necessary, and perform an initial calibration.
34.3.12 Perform a Source Count Rate Check.
34.3.13 Perform a Daily Calibration and verify the precision and accuracy of the scanner are okay. If the daily
calibration fails then perform an Initial Calibration, QC Spine Phantom Scans, and set a Final Factor.
34.4 XMAKEPRD – refer to next section for instructions.
34.5 SERVICE ORDER: For USA repairs - completely fill out a Service Order FRM-107. Return it to Norland as
NORLAND PAGE 62
soon as possible with the XMAKEPRD, 2579 (if needed) and printouts.
35 XMAKEPRD
Create a problem-reporting disk after the testing is complete. . The “XMAKEPRD” command will automatically copy
all the calibration and testing data to a diskette.
SUPPLIES NEEDED: 1.44 Formatted diskette
35.1 Insert a blank formatted diskette and start the XMAKEPRD program.
For systems using Illuminatus software: Use Windows Explorer to go to C:\IlluminatusDXA. Put a disk into the
‘A’ drive, and double click on XMAKEPRD. Follow the on-screen prompts. Label the disk with facility name,
scanner serial number, and date.
¾ For systems using GEM software:

• Type XMAKEPRD and at the C:\ prompt (use the Tools icon in Win98 setups).
• Follow the on-screen instructions. When prompted to perform ‘Xfcheck’ press Y for yes if xfcheck was
not previously performed as part of the preventive maintenance. For large patient databases this may take
some time. After the xfcheck more files will be copied. If the files do not fit on a single diskette, follow
the on-screen instructions to insert a second diskette and continue.
• Remove the disk when the prompt reappears.
35.2 If more than one disk is needed, consider moving the ERRORS.HIS and ERRORS.LOG files using the
instructions below.
¾ For computers with a Windows operating system use Windows explorer to make a C:\Errors directory. Move
the file C:\IlluminatusDXA\Norland\Calibration\errors.his to the C:\Errors directory. Repeat previous step to
create XMAKEPRD.
¾ For computers with a DOS operating system:

Enter the following commands:
CD\ (to return to the root directory)
MD ERRORS (to create a new directory - if this has been done on a previous repair – do not repeat)
COPY C:\XR26\ERRORS.LOG C:\ERRORS\ERRmmdd.log (enter the month for mm and the date for
dd)
DEL C:\XR26\ERRORS.LOG
For 4-channel scanners enter the following command:

COPY C:\XR26\CALTRACE\ERRORS.HIS C:\ERRORS\ERRmmdd.HIS (enter the month for mm
and the date for dd)
DEL C:\XR26\CALTRACT\ERRORS.HIS
Repeat previous step to create XMAKEPRD.

35.3 Label the disk with the facility name, scanner serial number, date, and reason for the repair or just preventive
maintenance.
35.4 Send this disk with the Service Order FRM-107, FDA Form 2579(if needed), and all printouts to Norland.
NORLAND PAGE 63
36 SERVICE ORDER FORM FRM-107- USA ONLY
For USA repairs the Norland Service Order form must be completed after any servicing of the equipment has been
performed. For field service, the customer must sign and date the Service Order form. The pink copy of the Service
Order must be left with the customer, the Service Agent keeps the yellow copy, and the white copy must be returned
to Norland with all other appropriate documentation.
Refer to the 900S064 - Completing the Service Report Form procedure for detailed instructions.
Within one week of the repair send this document, appropriate printouts, 2579 (if needed) and a XMAKEPRD to:
Norland, a CooperSurgical Co.
95 Corporate Drive
Trumbull, CT 06611
Attn: Technical Support Adminstrative Assistant
37 PARTS
37.1 All unused or defective parts must be sent to the address below:
Norland, a CooperSurgical Co.

Attn: RA#______
37.2 All returning parts must have a RMA number must be written on the outside of the shipping box. If multiple
parts with different RMA numbers are being returned in the same box, then the RMA must be attached to the part.
37.3 Include an explanation of the problem and printouts if appropriate.
37.4 All non-warranty parts must be sent back freight paid.
37.5 Please indicate the freight forwarder as UTI.
NORLAND PAGE 64
38 FDA FORM 2579 – USA ONLY
Complete this form if a certified component (computer, scanner, x-ray source, or filter assembly) has been replaced or if
a stationary scanner has been relocated. Send it along with a Service Report FRM-107, appropriate printouts, and a
XMAKEPRD to Norland within 7 days of the service activity.
IMPORTANT: Do not separate this form. All 4 copies must be sent together. Make sure that all 4 copies are
legible.
IMPORTANT: ALL sections must be completed. Make sure to complete this form at the customer site where all
necessary information is available.
INSTRUCTIONS:
Use the example and the detailed instructions for the corresponding numbers below to properly fill out
a 2579 form.
1. EQUIPMENT LOCATION
Enter the information for the facility. Fill in all the blanks.
2. ASSEMBLER INFORMATION
Fill in Norland’s name and address.
3. GENERAL INFORMATION
a. Mark ‘RE-ASSEMBLY-FULLY CERTIFIED SYSTEM’ if moving a scanner, or mark ‘REPLACEMENT
COMPONENTS IN AN EXSITING SYSTEM’ if replacing a certified component.
b. Mark ‘BONE MINERAL ANALYSIS’
c. Mark ‘STATIONARY’ unless the scanner is in an mobile van then mark ‘MOBILE’
d. If the scanner is stationary enter the room number or room description where the computer is located, for
example “Bone Density Room”
e. Enter date of repair.
4. COMPONENT INFORMATION
a. Mark ‘A NEW INSTALLATION’ if the computer is replaced, otherwise mark EXISTING (Certified)”.
b. Enter ‘NORLAND’
c. Enter model number from the computer certification label
d. Enter computer serial number from the computer certification label
e. Enter date manufactured from the computer certification label.
f. Enter “N/A”.
g. BEAM LIMITING DEVICE – Enter ‘NORLAND’ as Manufacturer, Model Number and date from the filter
assembly certification label.
h. Enter ‘1’ (do not check the boxes) in ‘X-RAY CONTROL’ and ‘ OTHER’. (Define ‘other’ in comments.)
5. ASSEMBLER CERTIFICATION
a. Print your name
b. Sign your name
c. Enter the date you signed this form
6. COMMENTS
Enter ‘4h Combination Tube Housing and High Voltage Supply’.
Enter the scanner type; for example ‘Eclipse’, ‘XR36’….
The reason for service activity; for example ‘replaced source’ or ‘relocated scanner’ etc.
Enter the scanner serial number.
Any state registration number if required, for example Kentucky
NORLAND PAGE 65
(Facility Information) Norland, a CooperSurgical Company
95 Corporate Drive
Trumbull CT
06611 800 444-8456
(select one) 4
3
2 Bone Density Room (Date of

Repair)
(select Norland Computer S/N from cert label From computer cert label
6
1 one)
Computer model number from cert label N/A
Norland From cert label From beam limiter cert 1
Installer’s Name Installer’s Signature Date of Installation
4h. Combination tube housing and high voltage generator

(scanner type, ie XR46 or Excell) (scanner S/N)
(reason for repair, i.e. source replacement) (state registration number if necessary, i.e. Kentucky)
NORLAND PAGE 66

388S631 - W Repair Procedure

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REPAIR PROCEDURE 388S631 REV W

REPAIR PROCEDURE FOR

Norland, a CooperSurgical Company

Fort Atkinson Office:

3.12 Indicates general caution, safety hazard, or information.

3.13 Indicates radiation from laser apparatus.

4.1 The Service Agent is responsible for:

5.14 Ask the customer to sign the Service Order.

¾ INTERNATIONAL SERVICE AGENTS:

• Serial Number of part

1.4 Send all paperwork and parts to:

Attn: Technical Support

6 SERVICE SOFTWARE UPGRADE

433A165 Service Scanner Tools (SST) installation instructions:

After upgrading the SST software reconfigure the system:

X-ray Source Filter Assembly

Power Supply Board

Charge Amplifier Board, High Voltage Board, Upper Cable

Scanner Move Miscellaneous Repairs

8 REPLACING THE SOURCE CONTROL BOARD

IT IS VERY IMPORTANT TO SECURE THE SOURCE TO THE ARM TO PREVENT INJURY.

9.4 Reassemble scanner in new location.

10 SOURCE REPLACEMENT PROCEDURE

Lorad X-ray Source = Model number TXR26

Norland X-ray Source = Model numbers 391A051, 391A051J, or 391A168

10.6 Remove the source top cover.

Green Connector, P10

Green Connector, P10

Red Connector to P11

11 FILTER ASSEMBLY REPLACEMENT

There are three part numbers:

388A053 Mark I (Original Beam Geometry)

388A350 Mark II (New Beam Geometry)

387A044 High Speed (Dynamic Filtration)

CAUTION: TO PREVENT RADIATION EXPOSURE DO NOT OPERATE THE X-RAY SOURCE

12 PMT TUBE IDENTIFICATION AND REPLACEMENT

All other PMT’s can be used in any scanner.

NOTE: CAREFUL NOT TO DROP THE INTER BOARD SPACERS.

13 LASER DIODE REPLACEMENT

CAUTION: DO NOT STARE INTO THE LASER BEAM.

15 MOTOR DRIVER BOARD

Approximate location of the 0-ohm resistors on the motor driver board.

16.1 MODEL XR26:

16.2 ALL OTHER MODELS:

Wire Colors (from left):

NORLAND SOURCE (MODEL #391A051 OR 391A168)

P10 Connector, Red and

P10 Connector, Green

Red 4-Pin Connector,

18 SOURCE/DETECTOR ALIGNMENT PROCEDURE

Refer to the appropriate section for your system configuration.

CAUTION: EXERCISE CARE WHENEVER WORKING AROUND X-RAY SOURCES. IT IS

18.1 ALIGNMENT PROCEDURE FOR ILLUMINATUS SOFTWARE

Laser must be re-aligned after source alignment procedure.

18.2 ALIGNMENT PROCEDURE FOR 4-CHANNEL WITH GEM SOFTWARE

Note: Laser must be re-aligned after source alignment procedure.

Note: Laser must be re-aligned after source alignment procedure.

18.4 ALIGNMENT PROCEDURE FOR SCANNERS WITH S/N 499 OR LOWER

Note: Laser must be re-aligned after source alignment procedure.

19 LASER ALIGNMENT PROCEDURE

The following procedure is for proper alignment of the laser.

CAUTION: DO NOT STARE INTO THE LASER BEAM.