HTC051

Lec4
 OBJECTIVES
• History of early Geometry

• Geometric Shapes

• Geometric Terms

• Geometric Symbols
 Millau Bridge
Millenium Park Sir Norman Foster
Fallingwaters
Frank Lloyd Wright Frank Lloyd Wright

Point, Lines, Planes, Angles

History of Early Geometry
Geometry
The word "geometry " comes
from two Greek words
geo and metron meaning "earth measuring."
Geometry was extremely important to ancient societies and was
used for surveying, astronomy, navigation, and building. Geometry,
as we know it is actually known as Euclidean geometry which was
written well over 2000 years ago in Ancient Greece by Euclid,
Pythagoras, Thales, Plato and Aristotle just to mention
a few. The most fascinating and accurate geometry text was written
by Euclid, and was called Elements. Euclid's text has been used
for over 2000 years!
 Geometry
• The study of the size and shape of things

• The relationship of straight and curved lines in

drawing shapes

• It is essential to recognize geometry that exists

within objects for the purpose of creating
solid models or multi-view drawings
GEOMETRIC SHAPES, TERMS AND
CONSTRUCTIONS
 Angles
 Acute Angle
◦ Measures less than 90°

 Obtuse Angle
◦ Measures more than 90°

 Right Angle
◦ Measures exactly 90°

Vertex  Vertex
◦ Point at which two lines of an angle
intersect
 Circle
 Radius
◦ Distance from the center of a circle to its edge

 Diameter
◦ Distance across a circle through its center

 Circumference
◦ Distance around the edge of a circle

 Chord
◦ Line across a circle that does not pass at the
circle’s center
 Circle
 Has 360°

 Quadrant
◦ One fourth (quarter) of a circle
◦ Measures 90°

 Concentric
◦ Two or more circles of different sizes that
share the same center point
 Triangles
 Equilateral
◦ All three sides are of equal length and all
three angles are equal
 Isosceles
◦ Two sides are of equal length
 Scalene
◦ Sides of three different lengths and angles
with three different values
 Right AngleTriangle
◦ One of the angles equals 90°
 Hypotenuse
◦ The side of a right angle triangle that is
opposite the 90° angle
HYPOTENUSE
 Quadrilaterals
 Square
◦ Four equal sides and all angles equal 90°
 Rectangle
◦ Two sides equal lengths and all angles equal
90°
 Trapezoid
◦ Only two sides are equal length

 Rhombus
◦ All sides are equal length and opposite angles
are equal
 Rhomboid
◦ Opposite sides are equal length and
opposite angles are equal
 Regular Polygons
 Distance across flats
 Pentagon ◦ Measurement across the parallel
◦ Five sided polygon sides of a polygon

 Hexagon
◦ Six sided polygon
FLATS

 Octagon
 Distance across corners
◦ Eight sided polygon
◦ Measurement across adjacent
corners of a polygon

CORNERS
 Solids
 Prism
◦ Right Rectangular

◦ Right Triangular

 Cylinder

 Cone
 Pyramid

 Sphere
 Torus
 Geometric Terms
 Circumscribe
◦ Process of creating a polygon that fully
encloses a circle and is tangent to all
of the polygons sides
 Inscribe
◦ Process of creating a polygon that is
fully enclosed by a circle at its corners

 Bisect
◦ Divide into two equal parts
 Tangent
◦ A line and arc, or two arcs that touch each
other at one point only
 Geometric Terms
 Parallel
◦ Two or more lines that are always
the same distance apart

 Perpendicular
◦ Two lines that are at a 90° angle
 Geometric Symbols
Angle Parallel

Triangle Perpendicular

R Radius Square

Diameter CL Centerline