Quantitative Reasoning

Basics of geometry (lines, angles,

circles, polygons)

Dr. Muhammad Faizan Hamid

 INTRODUCTION
What is Geometry?
The branch of mathematics that deals with the
properties, measurement, and relationships of
points, lines, angles, surfaces, and solids.
 TYPES OF LINES
1. Straight Lines
• Extend infinitely in both directions.
2. Ray
• Starts at a point and goes infinitely in one
direction.
3. Line Segment
• Has two endpoints and a definite length.
 UNDERSTANDING ANGLES

What is an Angle?
The union of two rays with a common endpoint.
Types of Angles
1. Acute Angle: Less than 90 degrees
2. Right Angle: Exactly 90 degrees
3. Obtuse Angle: Between 90 and 180 degrees
4. Straight Angle: Exactly 180 degrees
 EXPLORING CIRCLES
Properties of a Circle
Center, Radius, Diameter, Circumference
Important Concepts
Pi (π), Arc, Sector
 POLYGONS
What is a Polygon?
A closed figure with straight sides.
Types of Polygons
• Triangle (3 sides)
• Quadrilateral (4 sides)
• Pentagon (5 sides)
• Hexagon (6 sides)
• Heptagon (7 sides)
• Octagon (8 sides)
• Nonagon (9 sides)
• Decagon (10 sides)
 KEY FORMULAS
Formulas for Common Geometric Shapes
• Area of a Triangle: ½ × Base × Height
• Area of a Circle: π × Radius^2
• Perimeter of a Rectangle:
2×(Length+Width)
 Applications in Real Life
Practical Uses of Geometry
Architecture, Engineering, Design, Navigation,
and more.