A Brief Description of the Magnetism

Jónathan Mejı́a Rivera - 201941275

April 11, 2023

1 Magnetism
Magnetism is a physical phenomenon observed in many natural cases, for example, the terrestrial magnetic field
protects us from solar winds that contain many charged particles that can be harmful to human health. Its
discovery can be traced back to the interaction of humans with magnetite, a rock of volcanic origin that attracted
metal objects, Other indirect observations were the northem lights or australis aurora [1]. The potential uses of
magnetism for humanity are vast, although previously, it was believed to be associated with magic. The compass
is the most well-known use of magnetism in navigation, as the needle always points north. In the past, sailors
were guided by stars and the position of the sun in different hours of the day, a particular case it is a possible to
observe with the vikings that use solar stones [2][3]. The magnetic phenomenon was studied by many scientists
throughout history given that only its effects were know, but it was not know how the magnetic effect on things arose.

The understanding of magnetism remained hidden for many years until some physics scientist how André-Marie
Ampère, Carl Friedrich Gauss, Michael Faraday, James Clerk Maxwell, and many other physicists understood
that magnetism could be explained using mathematical analysis and observation. This led to an entire field of
investigation where magnetism was used in different areas of engineering and industry. The possibility of generating
electrical energy marked a significant achievement for humanity. One of the mysteries that was the attraction of
two aligned magnets.

The magnetic force in a conductor is explained by the Lorentz Law, which states that the magnetic force depends
on the charge, the velocity of the charge, and the magnetic field where the charge is moving. Thus, the interaction
between the charge and the magnetic field is the force that is exerted on the charge. The following equation shows
this

F⃗ = q(⃗v × B)
⃗ (1)
Where q is the electric charge, ⃗v is the velocity and B⃗ is the magnetic field[4].
Finally, with all the investigations, experiments and mathematical formulations, magnetism was united with the
electrical phenomenon in the electromagnetic theory. It is possible to recognize its importance in life on Earth, as
if the planet did not have a magnetic field, life would be impossible. This field not only provides protection against
charged particles but also prevents the loss of the ozone layer or magnetic storms.[4][5]

In modern times, knowledge about magnetism has led to the construction of many magnetic materials used in
electrical and electronic devices known as ferromagnetic materials. The Earth’s magnetic field acts as a shield for
life on the planet, protecting all forms of life from particles released by the sun. Without it, many structures such
as DNA would be impossible to form.[5]

With this all in the mind, ist possible say that the phenomena magnetic it has influenced not only in our
compression of a physical fact, but also to study the magnetism has allowed to develop a tecnology more sophisticated
that replacement the tools previous improving our quality of life. Understand why the earth’s magnetic field protects
us and what risks it might have to leave the earth.

1
2 References
1. https://auspace.athabascau.ca/handle/2149/518

2. https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/navigation/
3. https://www.ngenespanol.com/historia/cual-era-el-proposito-de-las-piedras-solares-para-los-vikingos/
4. Marcelo Alonso, Edward J. Finn (1976). Physics, Addison-Wesley.

5. https://science.nasa.gov/earth-science/earth-science-data/earth-magnetic-field